applying sensory processing techniques to positively impact behavior part 1: sensory processing and...
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Applying Sensory Applying Sensory Processing Techniques to Processing Techniques to Positively Impact BehaviorPositively Impact Behavior
Part 1: Sensory Processing Part 1: Sensory Processing and Dysfunction and Dysfunction
Amanda Martinage OTR/L, M.EdAmanda Martinage OTR/L, [email protected]@yahoo.com
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Provide an overview of sensory processingOutline sensory processing and dysfunction related to each areaDiscuss sensory processing as an accepted diagnosisPresent assessment toolsImplications of sensory processing on behavior
Objectives
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It has implications on behavior and learningResearch indicates that sensory based techniques positively influence behaviorThe Department of Mental Health made the use of sensory strategies mandatory for inpatient psychiatric settings in 2006
Why Is Understanding Sensory Why Is Understanding Sensory Processing Important? Processing Important?
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How our bodies process and organize How our bodies process and organize information from our sensesinformation from our senses
We use the input to respond appropriately We use the input to respond appropriately to a particular situationto a particular situation
We use input from our senses, movement We use input from our senses, movement and gravityand gravity
What is Sensory Processing?What is Sensory Processing?
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““Sensory modulation is the ability to take Sensory modulation is the ability to take in sensory information, decide what is in sensory information, decide what is relevant, and to make an appropriate relevant, and to make an appropriate adaptive/behavioral response.adaptive/behavioral response.””It enables us to screen out meaningless It enables us to screen out meaningless information and respond to important information and respond to important information/stimulationinformation/stimulation
What is Sensory Modulation?What is Sensory Modulation?
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Light touchLight touch
Deep pressureDeep pressure
VibrationVibration
Hot and coldHot and cold
PainPain
Keeps us safeKeeps us safe
Allows us to bond with others and develop Allows us to bond with others and develop socially and emotionallysocially and emotionally
TactileTactile
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Needing MORE input to feel what the Needing MORE input to feel what the “typical” individual feels“typical” individual feels
What is hyposensitivity?
Overly sensitive to sensory inputOverly sensitive to sensory input
Feels more exaggerated version of what the Feels more exaggerated version of what the “typical” individual feels “typical” individual feels
What is hypersensitivity?
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Problems with socializationProblems with socialization
For self protectionFor self protection
Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to touch)Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to touch)
Hyposensitivity (seeks out tactile input)Hyposensitivity (seeks out tactile input)
Oral hypersensitiveOral hypersensitive
Oral hyposensitiveOral hyposensitive
What does tactile dysfunction look like?
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Helps you develop a relationship with the Helps you develop a relationship with the earth earth
Tells us whether or not weTells us whether or not we’’re moving, how re moving, how quickly and in what directionquickly and in what direction
Sense of safety- knowing our feet are on the Sense of safety- knowing our feet are on the groundground
Allows you to maintain an upright body Allows you to maintain an upright body posture to support the visual systemposture to support the visual system
Receptors found in the inner earReceptors found in the inner ear
VestibularVestibular
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Children do not feel secure Children do not feel secure
Poor self esteemPoor self esteem
Hypersensitive (intolerance for movement)Hypersensitive (intolerance for movement)
Hyposensitive (increased tolerance for Hyposensitive (increased tolerance for movement)movement)
Gravitational insecurityGravitational insecurity
What does vestibular dysfunction look like?
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Tells us about our own movement or body Tells us about our own movement or body positionposition
Helps us integrate touch and movement Helps us integrate touch and movement sensationssensations
Contributes to body awareness, motor Contributes to body awareness, motor control and motor planningcontrol and motor planning
ProprioceptionProprioception
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Receptors found in muscles, joints, Receptors found in muscles, joints, ligament, tendons and connective tissueligament, tendons and connective tissue
Unconscious sense of body movementUnconscious sense of body movement
Without proprioception you would have to Without proprioception you would have to rely on your vision to know what your body rely on your vision to know what your body was doing was doing
Proprioception Proprioception ContinuedContinued
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ClumsyClumsy
Hypersensitive Hypersensitive
Hyposensitive Hyposensitive – Decreased graded movementDecreased graded movement– Decreased body awareness, poor motor Decreased body awareness, poor motor
planningplanning
What does proprioceptive dysfunction look like?
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How our bodies interpret visual inputHow our bodies interpret visual input
Includes seeing, distinguishing colors, Includes seeing, distinguishing colors, depth perception and visual perceptiondepth perception and visual perception
Visual ProcessingVisual Processing
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Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to visual Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to visual input)input)
Hyposensitive (seeks out visual Hyposensitive (seeks out visual stimulation)stimulation)
What does visual dysfunction look like?
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How our bodies interpret auditory inputHow our bodies interpret auditory input
Includes hearing volume, tone, direction of Includes hearing volume, tone, direction of sound, distinguishing difference between sound, distinguishing difference between soundssounds
Auditory ProcessingAuditory Processing
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Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to noise)Hypersensitive (overly sensitive to noise)
Hyposensitive (appears to under-register Hyposensitive (appears to under-register noise from the environment) noise from the environment)
What does auditory dysfunction look like?
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Considered the dominant sense in Considered the dominant sense in humanshumans
Important for survival, can warn us of Important for survival, can warn us of hazardous substances in the environmenthazardous substances in the environment
Smell and taste are closely linkedSmell and taste are closely linked
SmellSmell
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““Response to certain harmless sensations Response to certain harmless sensations as if they were dangerous or painful.as if they were dangerous or painful.””
Over activation of our protective systemOver activation of our protective system
Sensory DefensivenessSensory Defensiveness
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Developed by Patricia WillbargerDeveloped by Patricia Willbarger
Bombards the tactile system in an attempt Bombards the tactile system in an attempt to normalize receptorsto normalize receptors
According to the protocol brushing should According to the protocol brushing should be completed every two hoursbe completed every two hours
What is brushing?What is brushing?
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Using sensory input to complete functional Using sensory input to complete functional activitiesactivities
It allows us to understand things about It allows us to understand things about ourselves and the world around us without ourselves and the world around us without having to test them every timehaving to test them every time
What is Sensory What is Sensory Discrimination?Discrimination?
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Qualities of sensations: how fast, how Qualities of sensations: how fast, how hard, how brighthard, how bright
Similarities of sensations: rhyming, this Similarities of sensations: rhyming, this looks similar to thatlooks similar to that
Differences between sensations: the Differences between sensations: the difference between similar sounding difference between similar sounding words, the difference between shapeswords, the difference between shapes
Sensory Discrimination Allows Sensory Discrimination Allows Us to PerceiveUs to Perceive
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Develops with neurological maturationDevelops with neurological maturation
Always takes precedence over sensory Always takes precedence over sensory defensiveness in day to day situationsdefensiveness in day to day situations
Sensory DiscriminationSensory Discrimination
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Allows for upright posture against gravityAllows for upright posture against gravity
Balance and bilateral coordination allow Balance and bilateral coordination allow you to experiment with new movements you to experiment with new movements and positionsand positions
What are Postural Responses?What are Postural Responses?
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Using both sides of your body to complete tasksUsing both sides of your body to complete tasks
It can involve using both sides of your body to It can involve using both sides of your body to complete the same action (clapping your hands)complete the same action (clapping your hands)
It can involve using both sides of your body It can involve using both sides of your body using alternating movements (climbing stairs)using alternating movements (climbing stairs)
It can involve separate actions to achieve the It can involve separate actions to achieve the same goal (stabilizing your paper while writing)same goal (stabilizing your paper while writing)
Bilateral CoordinationBilateral Coordination
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Also known as motor planningAlso known as motor planning
The ability to plan, sequence and The ability to plan, sequence and execute motor movementsexecute motor movements
Does not occur at birth, develops over Does not occur at birth, develops over time with practicetime with practice
What is Praxis?What is Praxis?
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VIDEOVIDEO
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First recognized by Dr. A. Jean Ayres First recognized by Dr. A. Jean Ayres
Originally called sensory integration Originally called sensory integration dysfunctiondysfunction
When there is sensory processing When there is sensory processing dysfunction dysfunction ““social, emotional, motor social, emotional, motor and/or functional problems can resultand/or functional problems can result””
Sensory Processing DisordersSensory Processing Disorders
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Not accepted as a diagnosis in the ICD-10 Not accepted as a diagnosis in the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems)Diseases and Related Health Problems)
Was a proposed diagnoses for the DSM-5 but Was a proposed diagnoses for the DSM-5 but not acceptednot accepted
SPD is an accepted diagnosis in Stanley SPD is an accepted diagnosis in Stanley GreenspanGreenspan’’s s Diagnostic Manual for Infancy and Diagnostic Manual for Infancy and Early ChildhoodEarly Childhood as Regulation Disorders of as Regulation Disorders of Sensory ProcessingSensory Processing
Accepted Diagnosis?Accepted Diagnosis?
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Sensory Modulation DisorderSensory Modulation Disorder
Sensory Based Motor DisorderSensory Based Motor Disorder
Sensory Discrimination DisorderSensory Discrimination Disorder
Proposed Diagnosis for DSM VProposed Diagnosis for DSM V
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Image taken from http://stepstherapyinc.com/sensory.htmImage taken from http://stepstherapyinc.com/sensory.htm
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Clinical observation and caregiver reportClinical observation and caregiver report
Sensory Profile and Sensory Processing Sensory Profile and Sensory Processing MeasureMeasure
Sensory Integration Praxis Test (SIPT)Sensory Integration Praxis Test (SIPT)
AssessmentAssessment
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Ability to attend and focusAbility to attend and focus
Ability to achieve and maintain an optimal Ability to achieve and maintain an optimal state of alertness for learningstate of alertness for learning
Social skillsSocial skills
BehaviorBehavior
Sensory Processing Dysfunction Sensory Processing Dysfunction Impacts…Impacts…
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Look for Part 2 of this webinar:Look for Part 2 of this webinar:
Applying Sensory Processing Applying Sensory Processing Techniques to Positively Impact Techniques to Positively Impact BehaviorBehavior
Part 2: Techniques to Address Sensory Part 2: Techniques to Address Sensory Processing DifficultiesProcessing Difficulties
How to Address Sensory How to Address Sensory Processing Difficulties?Processing Difficulties?
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