appreciation programme on sustainability science 9 th october 2010 introduction to sustainability...
TRANSCRIPT
APPRECIATION PROGRAMME APPRECIATION PROGRAMME ON ON
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCESUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
99thth October 2010 October 2010
Introduction to Sustainability Sciences Block I
N. Ganga Vidya
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
Block IBlock I
Introduction
to
Sustainability Science
Units in Block 1Units in Block 1
Unit 1 Concept of Sustainability Sciences
Unit 2 Population and Unsustainable Lifestyles
Unit 3 Finite Resources
Unit 4 Ecological Foundations of Basic Human Needs
Introduction to a few terms Introduction to a few terms
in this Subjectin this Subject
SustainSustain – to continue without lessening, to nourish, to allow to – to continue without lessening, to nourish, to allow to flourishflourish
DevelopDevelop – to improve or bring to a more advanced state – to improve or bring to a more advanced state
Community Community – a group of people who live and interact within a – a group of people who live and interact within a specific geographic areaspecific geographic area
EconomyEconomy – the way the goods and services are produced, – the way the goods and services are produced, distributed and consumed distributed and consumed
Sustainability Sciences is a Dynamic Sustainability Sciences is a Dynamic Interaction between Natural Sciences and Interaction between Natural Sciences and
SocietiesSocieties
Definition of Sustainable Development Definition of Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development Defined Sustainable Development Defined
World Commission on Environment and Development's.
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential
needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and
the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
Economist Edward Barbier (1987)
The Real Subsets
All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a system—a system that connects space; and a system that connects time.
When you think of the world as a system over space, you grow to understand that air pollution from North America affects air quality in Asia, and that pesticides sprayed in Argentina could harm fish stocks off the coast of Australia.And when you think of the world as a system over time, you start to realize that the decisions our grandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today; and the economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our children are adults.We also understand that quality of life is a system, too. It's good to be physically healthy, but what if you are poor and don't have access to education? It's good to have a secure income, but what if the air in your part of the world is unclean? And it's good to have freedom of religious expression, but what if you can't feed your family?The concept of sustainable development is rooted is this sort of systems thinking. It helps us understand ourselves and our world. The problems we face are complex and serious—and we can't address them in the same way we created them.
Commitment to Development Index
http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi/
Rich and poor countries are linked in many ways by foreign aid, commerce, migration, the environment, and military affairs. The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) rates 22 rich countries on how much they help poor countries build prosperity, good government, and security. Each rich country gets scores in seven policy areas, which are averaged for an overall score.
1. Rich-country policies matter2. Development is more than aid3. Aid is more than money4. Coherence matters5. Partnerships are powerful6. No one is perfect
1987
Ms. Gro Harlem Bruntland Chaired this Commission which produced the report
Realising that Short term Goals don’t jeoparadise the long term development
Three Main Components
of
Study
of
Sustainability Sciences
Awareness
Analysis
Action
The Goal of Sustainability Science
ToTo Mainstream the principles of ecology, Mainstream the principles of ecology, economics, social, gender equity and economics, social, gender equity and ethics in all the technology development ethics in all the technology development and dissemination programmes.and dissemination programmes.
Dimensions of Dimensions of
Sustainable Development Sustainable Development
P- Population
R- Resource
R -Replenishable
E- Economy
E - Ecology
E - Equity
Social Sustainability of Development Pathways is as important as environment and economic sustainability .
1972 M. S. Swaminathan
There is no better common Future without a better common present
The Five Es of SustainabilityThe Five Es of Sustainability ECONOMY - Compatible with Nature — considering economic development plans
that protect and/or enhance natural resources through improvements in management practices, technology, efficiency, and changes in life-style.
ECOLOGY - Natural Ecosystem Capacity — understanding natural system processes of landscapes and watersheds to guide the design of sound economic development strategies.
EQUITY - Societal Well-Being for All People — guaranteeing equal access to jobs, education, natural resources, and services for all people -- balancing the playing field.
EDUCATION - Life-long Learning, Awareness, & Training — citizens and organizations obtaining adequate and comprehensive information in creating authentic choices for action intended to affect sustainability; developing interdisciplinary curriculum to train students for careers in sustainable development.
EVALUATION - Measuring the making of a Difference — identifying key sustainability indicators that measure the direction and extent of impact from economic and social activities on natural and human systems; providing feedback to allow for corrections in ongoing work toward sustainability.
Mass Production
Production By Masses
“Cooperation is first and foremost a philosophy. However, the magic of cooperation is seen when this philosophy is translated into business and economic success.”
“A successful method in which the nation can create and distribute wealth is through cooperation. The performance of India's milk cooperatives -- and particularly those in Gujarat -- provides compelling evidence of the superiority of cooperation over unadulterated capitalism, or socialism, while serving as an instrument of development. It is not a coincidence that throughout the world, cooperation has proven to be the first choice of those involved in the primary sectors, especially agriculture and dairying.
It is in the fitness of things as both agriculture and dairying- involving mass production and mass consumption - provide livelihoods to millions of common people in most countries of the world.”
Dr. Verghese Kurian
The father of the Indian milk revolution
Unit 2Unit 2
Population
&
Unsustainable Lifestyle
The First Edition Cover The First Edition Cover
The Limits to Growth is a 1972 book modeling the consequences of a rapidly growing world population and finite resource supplies, commissioned by the Club of Rome.
Theories of Population
Pessimistic - Preventive Check
Optimistic - Positive Check
Revisionist - Population is one of the many factors
Marxist – Capitalism is the reason for population increase
Feminisation of Poverty
And the Missing Women
“42.7 million Indian Women die for no other reason than not being able to access healthcare, if and when they do being discriminated against being so malnourished that even if they get treatment they cannot survive, and all this only if they are not eliminated before birth or after being born.”
http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2010/04/04/stories/2010040450060300.htm
The Hindu dated Sunday April 4th 2010
Carrying Capacity
Sustainable Size of a Resident Population in a given Ecosystem
Carrying capacity is not a fixed number. Estimates put Earth's carrying capacity at anywhere between 2 billion and 40 billion people [source: McConeghy]. It varies with a wide range of factors, most of them fitting under the umbrella of "lifestyle." If humans were still in the hunter-gatherer mode, Earth would have reached its capacity at about 100 million people [source: Think Quest]. With humans producing food and living in high-rise buildings, that number increases significantly [source: Think Quest].
As of 2008, there were about 6.7 billion people living on this planet [source: Sachs].
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency improvements refer to a reduction in the energy used for a given service (heating, lighting, etc.) or level of activity. The reduction in the energy consumption is usually associated with technological changes, but not always since it can also result from better organisation and management or improved economic conditions in the sector ("non-technical factors").
http://www.42u.com/efficiency/energy-efficiency-calculator.htm
Carbon Footprint
It measures total amount of greenhouse gas emissions released into the environment. Greenhouse gas emissions from all sources are summed up and changed into units of CO2 equivalent which is used to standardize greenhouse gas emissions and help make comparisons from different time periods and across industries. Carbon emissions are usually measured in metric tones per year (1 metric ton equals 2204lbs).
http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
Ecological Footprint
The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems.
http://www.ecologicalfootprint.com/
Beyond the LimitsBeyond the Limits first edition first edition cover. 1992cover. 1992
"Beyond the Limits recognizes that the future doesn't lie in tinkering with resource use or simply squelching population growth in developing countries. A sustainable future will require profound social and psychological readjustments in the developed and developing world."
Unit 3Unit 3
Finite Resources
Renewable Resources continuous process of renewal and supply by nature
Non Renewable Resource Physical quantity does not increase significantly with time
http://www.worldometers.info/
Energy used worldwide today (MWh), of which:
- from non-renewable sources (MWh)
- from renewable sources (MWh)
Solar energy striking Earth today (MWh)
Oil pumped today (barrels1)
Oil left (barrels)
Days to the end of oil
Gas left (boe3)
Days to the end of gas
Coal left (boe)
Days to the end of coal
Water Footprint http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=cal/waterfootprintcalculator_indv_ext
People use lots of water for drinking, cooking and washing, but even more for producing things such as food, paper, cotton clothes, etc. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business.
Hubbert Peak Oil Theory
http://www.oilcrisis.com/summary.htm
It is widely accepted that oil is a finite resource; there are basic laws which describe the depletion of any finite resource:
•Production starts at zero;
•Production then rises to a peak which can never be surpassed;
•Once the peak has been passed, production declines until the resource is depleted.
Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local
Sustainable Development Timelinehttp://www.rce-ns.org/fileadmin/rce/Sustainable_Development_Timeline.pdf
1960s The Birth of the Environmental Movement
1962 Rachel Carson writes ‘Silent Spring’ which is often seen to have been a starter of the environmental movement.
1968 Garrett Hardin writes ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’ detailing the global dilemma of how individuals acting for self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource.
1968 Ehrlich writes ‘The Population Bomb’ which predicted disaster for humanity due to overpopulation.
1968 During the Apollo 8 mission Bill Anders photographs the Earth from Space highlighting the fragility of our planet.
1970s Development of Environmentalism
1972 The Stockholm Declaration is the first real global environmental forum.
1972 The Club of Rome writes ‘Limits to Growth’ which models the consequences of a rapidly growing global population and finite resource supplies
1973 The OPEC oil crisis also highlights the fact that the world’s resources are finite and unsustainable.
1974 Garrett Hardin writes ‘Living on a Lifeboat’ which details global ethics and overpopulation issues.
1980s Towards the birth of Sustainable Development
1980 The World Conservation Strategy is published which suggests a sustainable approach towards nature.
1985 The British Antarctic Survey discovers the Ozone hole - a huge display of environmental damage.
1987 The Brundtland report ‘Our Common Future’ first uses the term ‘Sustainable Development’.
1988 The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is formed.
1989 The Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster off Alaska highlights the damages that human activities can cause.
1990s Meetings and conferences that developed understanding of global sustainability issues
1992 Sustainable Development gains world recognition at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro where 172 nations discuss environmental issues, culminating in the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21.
1993 The first meeting of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development takes place.
1993 UN Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States in Barbados.
1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo.
1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen.
1996 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.
1996 Second UN Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul.
1996 World Food Summit in Rome.
1997 Over 160 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to discuss greenhouse
gas emissions, eventually leading to the signing of the Kyoto Protocol which entered into force in 2005.
1999 The first global sustainability index is launched.
1990s Meetings and conferences that developed understanding of global sustainability issues - contd
2000s Sustainable Development becomes a big issue
2000 At the largest ever gathering of world leaders the Millennium Development Goals are agreed which et timebound and measurable goals for combating poverty,
hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women.
2002 The Johannesberg Summit takes place as a 10 year follow up to the Rio Summit, and more progress is made towards Sustainable Development and establishing organizations and partnerships.
2003 The Earth Charter includes “Values and Principles for a Sustainable Future”.
2009 COP 15, the Copenhagen Climate Summit in December.
The Future ?2012 The Earth Summit (Rio+20) will take place
Unit 4Unit 4
Ecological Foundation
of
Basic Human Needs
Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
Types of Satisfiers
Violators or Destroyers - impact other needs
Pseudo - false sense generation
Inhibiting - over satisfying
Singular - one person
Synergic - simultaneous many needs
Please think aloud
&
involve all around you in the thinking process
Thank You
Have you tested your brains to do some social service here is chance
www.freerice.com