approaches to information systems planning
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Approaches to Information Systems Planning. Experiences In Strategic Information Systems Planning - M. J. Earl . Presented By: Bhavi Mistry Under the guidance of Dr. Jongwook Woo. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Presented By: Bhavi Mistry Under the guidance of Dr. Jongwook Woo
Experiences In Strategic Information Systems Planning - M. J. Earl
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Quick Review
Lederer and Sethi (1988) defined SISP as …
“the process of deciding the objectives for organizational computing and identifying potential computer applications which the organization should implement”
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SISP involves: Aligning Investment in IS with Business Goals
Exploiting IT for Competitive Advantage
Directing Efficient & Effective Management of IS Resources
Developing Technology Policies and Architectures
Quick Review
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
Research Methodology
Goal: To discover the intents, outcomes and experiences of SISP efforts 2-Stage Survey - Stage 1: Examined case histories of six companies previously
studied
Stage 2: In-depth interviews w/ 3 stakeholders from each co. (total of 63 execs. interviewed) :
1. IS Director or IS Strategic Planner: Suggest what can be achieved technically
2. CEO or General Manager: Set direction and policies3. Senior Line or User Manager: Contribute application ideas or
make system requests7
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Objectives and Benefits of SISPRespondents asked to state their firms’ current objectives of SISP
Table 7.1 Objectives of SISP
Rank Objective
1 Aligning IS with business needs
2 Seek competitive advantage from IT
3 Gain top management commitment
4 Forecast IS resource requirements
5 Establish technology path and policies
Table 7.2 Benefits of SISPRank Benefit
1 Aligning IS with business needs
2 Top management support
3 Better priority setting
4 Competitive advantage applications
5 Top management involvement
6 User/line management involvement
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
“Concerns” or Unsuccessful FactorsTable 7.3 Unsuccessful Features of SISPRank Unsuccessful Feature1 Resource constraints
2 Not fully implemented
3 Lack of top management acceptance
4 Length of time involved
5 Poor user-IS relationships
Top 5 of the 65 features contributing to dissatisfaction a.k.a. ‘Concerns’
Respondents asked in what ways SISP has been unsuccessful
The 65 ‘Concerns’ were examined and two patterns emerged Could be grouped almost equally into three distinct categories: Method Process ImplementationConcerns could be grouped among the three Stakeholders: IS Directors General Managers User Managers
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Shift in Focus
Prompted by the list of concerns and narrative histories of planning-related events, the focus of the study shifted and the object of analysis became the SISP approach.
When members of an organization describe how decisions on IS strategy are initiated and made, a coherent picture is gradually painted where the underpinning philosophy, emphasis, and influences stand out. ..
…an approach is identified
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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SISP Approaches
Business-Led
Method-Driven
Administrative
Technological
Organizational
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SISP ApproachesBusiness-Led Method-
DrivenAdministrative Technological Organizational
Underpinning Assumption
Business plans and needs should drive IS plans
IS strategies will be enhanced by use of a formal SISP method
SISP should follow /conform with the firm’s management planning & control procedures
SISP is an exercise in business and information modeling
SISP is a continuous decision-making activity shared by the business and IS
Emphasis of Approach
Business leads IS and not vice versa
Selection of the best method
Identification and allocation of IS resources to meet agreed needs
Production of models and blueprints
Organizational learning about business problems / opportunities & IT contribution
Major Influence of Outcomes
IS planners Practitioners of the method
Resource planning and steering committees
Modeling method employed
Permanent and ad hoc teams of key managers, including IS
Slogan Business drives IS
Strategy needs method
Follow the rules IS needs blueprints
Themes with teams
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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5 Approaches : Strengths and WeaknessesBusiness-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational
Strengths
Simple
Business first
Raises IS status
Provides a methodology
Plugs strategy gaps
Raises strategy profile
System viability
System synergies
Encourages user input
Rigor
Focus on infrastructure
Favors integrated tools
Becomes normal
Emphasis on implementation
Promotes IS-user partnership
Weaknesse
s
Ad hoc method
Lacks management commitment
Depends on quality of business strategy
User involvement
Too influenced by method
Implementation unlikely
Non-strategic
Bureaucratic
Resource-constrained
Lacks management support
Only partial implementationComplexity
Generation of new themes
Soft methodology
Architecture becomes difficult
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5 Approaches vs. 3 Conditions for Success
Business-Led Method-Driven
Administrative Technological Organizational
Method Low High Low High Medium
Process Low Low Medium Low High
Implementation Medium Low High Medium High
SISP
Method Process ImplementationBusiness-Led approach
Method-driven approach
Administrative approach
Technological approach
Organizational approach
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
Qualitative Measure1. Success:
2. Concerns:
Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational
Total Mean (3 Stakeholders)
3.25 3.83 3.60 4.00 3.94
Most intensive approach in terms of technique earned highest score, perhaps because it represents what respondents thought an IS planning methodology should look like.
Lacks formal methodologies; earned lowest score
Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational
Method 2.75 2.50 2.80 1.75 1.33
Process 0.75 3.00 1.60 2.50 2.16
Implementation 2.75 1.00 1.60 3.00 1.83
Total 6.25 6.50 6.00 7.25 5.32
Least concerns total 21
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3. Competitive Advantage:
Competitive Advantage Application Frequency
Business-Led 4.0 applications per firm
Method-Driven 1.5 applications per firm
Administrative 3.6 applications per firm
Technological 2.5 applications per firm
Organizational 4.8 applications per firm
Most themes pursued were perceived to have produced a competitive advantage
Qualitative Measure
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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The Best Approach
Business-Led Method-Driven Administrative Technological Organizational
Success Score Ranking
5 3 4 1 2
Least Concerns Ranking
2 3 4 5 1
Competitive Advantage Potential Ranking
2 5 3 4 1
Sum of Ranks 9 11 11 10 4Overall Ranking 2 4 4 3 1
Organizational Approach is substantially superior, hence the best SISP approach• Based on quantitative and qualitative evidence • Least formal and least structured
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Strategic Information Systems Planning in Shanghai key Universities in Yangpu District
Case Study
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Research Methodology Four Implementation Stages:1) Analysis of business environment2) Analysis of IT environment3) Development of IT Strategy4) Development of implementation plan.
This questionnaire investigation focuses on 5 Shanghai key universities in Yangpu District.
The respondents consist of1) Superintendents2) Staff of the network departments in schools
The questionnaire consist of two sections Section A : to acquire basic background information of the universities Section B : to investigate the perception of the respondents towards the
importance of SISP tasks
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Result Analysis – Stage 11. Analysis of business environment
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2. Analysis of IT environment
Result Analysis – Stage 2
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Result Analysis – Stage 33. Development of IT Strategy
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Result Analysis – Stage 43. Develop implementation plan
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Conclusion
The problems of SISP implementation are:1) Lack of sufficient financial, material and human resource
support2) No training plan for IT development3) Difficulty in securing top management commitment4) No analysis of IT department strengths/ weaknesses5) No analysis of technology environment
* Resolution and participation from top management are crucial for the successful implementation of SISP
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Agenda Quick Review Case Study in Textbook
Research Methodology Objectives and Benefits of SISP “Concerns” or Unsuccessful Features of SISP Shift in Focus SISP Approaches Approaches vs. 3 Conditions of Success Qualitative Measure The Best Approach
Case Study Conclusion Discussion / Questions
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Discussion / Questions
Thank You !