Cooperative

Extension Service Bullitt County

384 Halls Lane

Shepherdsville, KY 40165-

6263

(502)543-2257

Fax: (502)543-6940

http://ces.ca.uky.edu/bullitt/

http://www.ca.uky.edu/ces

April 2016

County Extension Agent for

Agriculture and Natural Resources

Table of Contents

Page 2—Cattle

Page 3— EPA and Flubendiamide

Page 4- Country Kitchen

Page 5- Farm Credit Services

Page 6— UofK Fighting Hunger

Page 7— Beef Consumption

Page 8— FFA District Competition

Page 9—Lebanon Junction Elementary

Page 10– Spray Droplet Size

Page 11– Bird Flu

Page 12– Third Thursday

Page 13– Farm Credit Services

Page 14– Raising Baby Chicks

Page 15 –Safeguarding Data

Page 16 –Palmer Amaranth

Page 17- Facts about weeds

Page 18— ESP

Page 19—ESP In-service

Page 20-21– Heel Publication

First Responder Garden

at the Bullitt County Extension Office

Plots are available for all Military (active and veterans), and Emergency

First Responders (Police, EMS, Disaster, Fire Department), who do not

have access to space for their own garden.

Call 543-2257 for information.

2

SPRING-CALVING HERD

Prepare for breeding season

Have a veterinarian perform breeding

soundness evaluations on bulls.

Line-up AI services and/or purchase

replacement bulls at least 30 days prior to

the start of the breeding season.

Choose a breed and do EPDs and visual

observation to select the bull that best fits

your program’s goals.

If you are going to use AI and/or estrus

synchronization, make plans now and

order needed supplies and semen.

Make final selection of heifer

replacements based on weight, pelvic size,

and reproductive tract score.

Spring or “turn-out” working is usually

scheduled for late April or May. Consult

your veterinarian about vaccines and

health products your herd needs. These

may include:

a. Deworm cows: Consider strategy to

reduce pasture worm load.

b. Vaccinate cows for Vibrio, Lepto (5-

way), IBR, PI3, BRSV, and BVD. If

Modified Live vaccine is used, it must

be given 4-6 weeks prior to breeding.

c. Vaccinating calves for clostridial

disease (blackleg).

Continue providing magnesium in the

mineral mix until daytime temperatures are

consistently above 60°.

Identify calf with ear tag and/or tattoo

while calves are young and easy to handle

and record dam ID and birth date.

Registered calves should be weighed

during the first 24 hours.

FALL-CALVING HERD

Pre-weaning period

Pregnancy check the cow herd if not done

previously.

Finish vaccinations of calves.

Calves intended for feeders can be

re-implanted.

Marketing: Plan your calf marketing

program. Alternatives include CPH45 sales

(check local sale for specific requirements

and dates), weekly auction markets,

private treaty sales to dealers or feeders,

back-grounding the calves yourself, or

retaining ownership through the feedlot.

Obtain cow and calf weights at weaning

and see your County Extension Agent for

information on record keeping programs.

Cull cows based on performance and

pregnancy status and make initial heifer

selections, keeping more than you intend

to retain for the next breeding season.

FORAGES

Complete seeding of alfalfa.

Determine need for supplemental forages

such as millet or sudan-grass.

Prepare for start of hay harvest.

Prepare fencing, and water for grazing

season and begin grazing early pastures.

Plant corn for silage and warm season

grasses after risk of frost.

Assess opportunity for weed control using

recommended herbicides (always read and

follow label recommendations).

Environment

Minimize damage to grass cover by

moving the feeding area and cows more

often.

Inspect stream and pond banks and plan

for grazing strategies to be used in the

following months.

Inspect temporary water system to make

sure all equipment is in good operation.

Monitor cattle and calves closely for

stress/health symptoms caused by mud.

Clean feed pads and move feeding

equipment to minimize mud.

3

EPA Moves to Cancel

the Insecticide Flubendiamide

The U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) is issuing a notice of intent to

cancel all Bayer CropScience, LP and

Nichino America, Inc., flubendiamide

products that pose a risk to aquatic

invertebrates that are important to the health

of aquatic environments.

Required studies showed flubendiamide

breaks down into a more highly toxic

material that is harmful to species that are

important part of aquatic food chains,

especially for fish, and is persistent in the

environment. EPA concluded that continued

use of the product would result in

unreasonable adverse effects on the

environment. EPA requested a voluntary

cancellation in accordance with the

conditions of the original registration.

EPA had issued a time-limited registration

to the companies with conditions that were

understood and agreed upon. If unreasonable

adverse effects on the environment were

found by EPA, the companies would submit

a request for voluntary cancellation of all

flubendiamide registrations within one week

of EPA notification.

After being informed of the EPA’s finding

on January 29, 2016, the companies were

asked to submit a request for voluntary

cancellation by Friday, February 5,

2016. They rejected EPA’s request to submit

a voluntary cancellation. Subsequently, EPA

initiated cancellation of all currently

registered flubendiamide products for the

manufacturers’ failure to comply with the

terms of the registration.

Flubendiamide is registered for use on

over 200 crops, including soybeans,

almonds, tobacco, peanuts, cotton, lettuce,

alfalfa, tomatoes, watermelon, and bell

peppers, with some crops having as many as

6 applications per year.

Crops that have been properly treated

with flubendiamide or that may be treated

with existing stocks can still be sold

legally. Provisions on handling existing

stocks of the pesticide will be finalized once

the products have been cancelled.

To view a copy of the Notice of Intent to

cancel and all supporting documents:

https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-

pesticide-products/flubendiamide-notice-

intent-cancel-and-other-supporting

The registrants or adversely affected parties

have 30 days from the date of the Notice to

request a hearing. Details on how to request

a hearing are contained within the Notice of

Intent to Cancel.

Epa.gov

4

March 1

Country Kitchen by KACAA

5

March 3

Farm Credit Service

6

UK Among Universities

Fighting World Hunger

The University of Kentucky, in

collaboration with 150 other institutions

across the nation, is leading an effort to

combat world hunger.

Universities Fighting World Hunger

(UFWH), a partnership program initiated by

Auburn University and the UN World Food

Programme, was founded to develop and

implement action agendas for students and

faculty across the globe. The program aims to

increase hunger awareness, fundraising,

advocacy and academic initiatives, to create a

leading university community fully engaged in

the effort to eliminate world hunger.

The University of Kentucky became

involved with UFWH in 2005, when a group

of faculty and students attended the first

Hunger Summit, a weekend of hunger

education and leadership development. Since

then, UK has broadly integrated hunger issues

into courses and established a school feeding

program at the Kentucky Academy

Kindergarten in Adjeikrom, Ghana.

Janet Mullins is one of the faculty

members who initiated UK's partnership with

UFWH. An associate extension professor in

Dietetics and Human Nutrition, part of the

School of Human Environmental Sciences

within the College of Agriculture, Mullins said

the program provides both service and

educational opportunities for students.

"This is a UK project involving faculty,

students, and volunteers," Mullins said.

"Students help raise funds to support the

feeding program, conduct research and learn

how to be better global citizens."

"Our UK participation in Universities

Fighting World Hunger has enriched student

education by providing a meaningful

international learning opportunity," Mullins

said. "While many students study abroad,

incorporating a focus on hunger helps them to

become better global citizens."

Mullins added that the Kentucky

Cooperative Extension Service Agents and

Kentucky school food service directors work

daily to increase access to healthy foods for all

Kentuckians.

"By working together on this international

project, it gives us all a greater appreciation of

how fortunate we are to live in the United

States,” Mullins said.

U of K is also involved in the Campus

Kitchens Project Network, a nationwide

initiative empowering students to fight hunger

on their campus and in the community through

things like food recovery projects and meal-

packing.

The Campus Kitchen at the University of

Kentucky began in the fall of 2015 and

already has an active program that provides

meals to low-income high school students

who regularly visit the campus for a tutoring

program. It is also working on starting a new

initiative to deliver meals to people ages 50

to 59 who may not have access otherwise.

This program was launched by dietetics major

Walter Brown.

Tyler Gerth and Jessie Stewart, agricultural economics majors, representing University of Kentucky at the poster event. 2016 Summit at Auburn University

7

Study: Beef Consumption Must Be Cut

Dramatically to Control Climate Change

European scientists want consumers to

stop eating so much beef and dairy, saying

the methane and nitrous oxide being emitted

is to blame for global warming.

In a recent paper, researchers from

Chalmers University of Technology in

Sweden assert that cutting beef consumption

by 50% would help the European Union

reach its target of limiting global climate

change to 2°C by 2050.

An analysis was performed to

determine what sectors of agriculture

play a role in greenhouse gas emissions

and if any changes could be made to

slowdown global warming. According to

the study, beef production accounts for

36% of greenhouse gas emissions and

48% of emissions for both methane and

nitrous oxide.

Production of dairy products like

milk, cheese and butter was estimated to

account for 23% of greenhouse gas

emissions and 28% of emissions for both

methane and nitrous oxide. The study put

90% of dairy cow emissions into the creation

of dairy products and the remaining 10% into

beef production.

“Technologically, agriculture can improve

in productivity and through implementation of

specific mitigation measures. Under optimistic

assumptions, these developments could cut

current food-related methane and nitrous

oxide emissions by nearly 50%,” the

researchers wrote.

The scientists recommend consumers

reduce their beef consumption to help curtail

the effects of climate change. Eating pork and

poultry does not seem to make as much

difference; researchers say the environmental

targets could still be met even with

high consumption of pork and poultry. As for

dairy, high levels of consumption could be

maintained, but technological changes will be

needed, according to the study.

Scenarios were laid out by the researchers

of what food demand and major diets could do

to impact change on global warming by 2050.

The diet changes included the following:

Less meat

Dairy beef

Vegetarian

Climate carnivore

Current diet (based on Swedish eating

habits)

Baseline (increasing meat consumption,

with less dairy and carbohydrate)

In the researchers’ analysis of the various

scenarios, protein consumption could be

maintained in the “less meat” diet if legumes,

oil and cereals are

consumed at levels to

balance the diet.

8

March 10

Bullitt East and

Bullitt Central FFA

9

March 12

Lebanon Junction

Elementary

This year, it is a pea

growing contest.

10

Droplet Size Matters in a Big Way Eric P. Prostko, University of Georgia Weed Specialist |

Southeast Farm Press

Access in the Southeast to both the 2,4-D

and dicamba soybean technologies (seed +

herbicides) is coming eventually. Without

question, growers who are interested in using

these technologies will have to become better

stewards of pesticide applications.

One of the stewardship changes that will

be required with these technologies is the use

of specific nozzles designed to produce less

physical drift (i.e. larger droplets).

Consequently, a better understanding of

droplet size will be necessary.

Droplet size is measured in microns. A

micron is equivalent to 1/25,000th of an

inch. For comparison, the average diameter

of a human hair is 100 microns. The average

diameter of a paper clip is 850

microns. When talking about drift reduction

of herbicides, it is important to know that

spray droplets that are less than 150 microns

are those most likely to drift onto your

neighbor’s sensitive crops or Grandma’s

tomatoes.

The term volume median diameter, or

VMD, is often the way that droplet sizes are

categorized. VMD50 is the value (microns)

where 50 percent of the total volume or mass

of liquid sprayed is made up of droplets

larger than this value and 50 percent is made

up of droplets smaller than this value. Based

upon VMD50, droplet sizes are classified

accordingly

Many herbicide applications made today

are in the medium droplet size classification

depending upon nozzle type and

pressure. Auxin technologies will likely

require nozzle tips and pressures that result in

very coarse to ultra-coarse droplet sizes.

Because spray coverage is reduced when

droplet size increases, there is some concern

about how this might influence

performance. Efficacy with bigger drops is

dependent on many factors including the

herbicide (contact or systemic), weed species,

and the environment. With bigger spray

droplets, you might just have to expect

slightly less control of some species as a

trade-off for less off-target movement. You

really do not have a choice because the labels

will only allow a certain type of nozzle. A

systems approach (tillage and/or cover crops

+ PRE + EPOST + POST + hand-weeding)

should help minimize problems with

performance inconsistencies caused by

droplet size.

ABJ Agri, Delevan, Greenleaf

Technologies, Hypro, Lechler, TeeJet, and

Wilger are a few companies who make/

distribute agricultural spray nozzles. Since

Enlist Duo is already registered in some

states (not AL, FL, GA, or SC though),

recommended nozzle tips are currently listed

on that label. Specific nozzles will be

recommended when the labels of Engenia,

Roundup Xtend, and XtendiMax are

finalized.

Be prepared to change nozzles when using

herbicides in the new auxin technology

systems. However, do not be lulled into a

false sense of security by this. The use of

spray nozzles that result in larger droplets is

only one of numerous tactics needed

to minimize off-target movement.

Spray pattern and VMD50 as influenced by nozzle type (15 GPA, 3.5 MPH, 20” boom height, 20” nozzle spacing, and 35-40 PSI).

11

Kentucky Easing Poultry Restrictions

after Bird Flu Concerns Decrease

University of Kentucky College of Agriculture,

Food and Environment

The Kentucky Department of Agriculture

lessened restrictions on poultry Feb. 22, the

same day Indiana officials gave the all clear.

After some devastating bird flu incidents in

the United States since December 2014, KDA

put into place several restrictions regarding

poultry and associated sales and fairs.

Kentucky is home to about 850 large-scale

poultry farms and more than 3,000 poultry

houses in 42 counties. The restrictions were

meant to protect the state’s No. 1 agricultural

and food commodity industry valued at $1.2

billion in 2014.

“KDA briefly lifted restrictions in early

January, but then bird flu resurfaced in

Indiana and the restrictions were put back

into place,” said Tony Pescatore, University

of Kentucky extension poultry specialist in

the College of Agriculture, Food and

Environment. “Indiana officials did

everything right, and they were able to put a

stop to the problem quickly.”

Livestock markets may now resume

poultry sales. Poultry sales at swap meets,

flea markets and show sales can resume, if

the sellers obtain a permit from the Kentucky

Office of the State Veterinarian. The person

holding the permit will need to keep records

of all sales including names and addresses of

sellers, exchangers and buyers. All sale

records have to be turned into the state

veterinarian’s office within seven days of the

sale.

“Basically, there needs to be traceability

of any birds sold at these events,” Pescatore

said. “This requirement applies to 4-H shows

that conduct a sale of champions, premiums

or fundraising sales. You have to get the

permit, maintain and submit records.”

Private sales with direct farm-to-farm

movement are allowed. Non-commercial and

backyard birds entering Kentucky are

restricted to those coming from avian

influenza H5/H7-clean facilities.

“If a hatchery is in an infected state, ask

them if they are in an AI control zone,”

Pescatore said. “If they are in an AI control

zone that means they are within seven miles

of an infected farm and you will not be able

to bring those birds into Kentucky, even if

that hatchery is not positive for AI.”

Pescatore said a permit wouldn’t be

required any longer to bring poultry into the

state except for game birds. Game birds and

waterfowl such as pheasants, quail, chuckars,

mallard ducks, etc. will require two

permits—one from the office of the State

Veterinarian and a transportation permit from

the Kentucky Department of Fish and

Wildlife.

While out of state participants will be

allowed at fairs, events and shows, they will

still be subject to normal inspection by KDA

personnel.

Story and Photo by AIMEE NIELSON, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment

12

March 17

Third Thursday at Kentucky

State University

13

March 25

Farm Credit Services

Open House

In

Elizabethtown

14

Raising Baby Chicks

From the day the chicks hatch or you bring

them home from the feed store, your flock

must be constantly managed for health,

nutrition, and safety.

Starting with the housing, a separate

brooder house is best for raising chicks. Allow

1 square foot of floor space for each chick.

Crowding is one of the worst things and may

lead to cannibalism, particularly if the chicks

are brooded too warmly. Materials such as

sawdust, wood shavings, and straw make good

litter. Cover the floor 4 to 6 inches deep and

keep dry. Stir the litter often to prevent caking

on top.

Keep the chicks comfortable by starting

brooder temperatures at 90 to 95 degrees

(measured 2 inches from the floor at the edge

of the hover). If chicks are staying close to the

brooder guard, reduce the temperature several

degrees. Lower temperature about 5 degrees

each week, depending on the time of year and

weather conditions. Place a 12 inch high

brooder guard around the hover and keep it

there for five or six days until the chicks learn

where the heat is.

Feed chicks as soon as they are put under

the hover. Use a commercial chick starter

mash or crumbles. Place feeders so that one

end is slightly under the hover. Give chicks

plenty of feeder and drinking space. Fill

feeders full the first two days, after that keep

them half full. A piece of wire mesh over the

feed keeps the chicks from scratching it out.

Clean sanitary conditions are essential

when chicks are kept in the brooder house.

Clean up wet spots and keep litter turned.

Good ventilation is important. The quarters

should be light and airy, without drafts. Once

the chicks begin to feather out well, the

temperature may be dropped rapidly. Chicks

must have fresh air, but be sure they are not

chilled.

You can put chicks on pasture at any age as

long as the weather is favorable. They need

shade, if there is none, you can build a

temporary shade structure. Feed and water

should be available in the shade. Chickens of

all ages must have plenty of fresh, clean water

at all times, especially in summer.

All chickens kept for egg production

should be vaccinated against Newcastle

disease, bronchitis, and fowl ox. You can buy

chicks already vaccinated for Marek’s disease

at the hatchery. Each vaccine produces

immunity for only one disease. The most

important thing to remember is that

vaccination must be done properly to be

effective. Follow manufacturer’s directions

exactly, and make sure the vaccine is not

outdated. Consult with your local veterinarian

about the best health practices for your flock.

Source: NM State University:Circular 477

www.extension.umn.edu

15

Repository Created for Farmers to

Collect and Safeguard their Data

Farm groups, agribusinesses and land grant

universities have created a repository to

collect and safeguard farmer data. The

Agricultural Data Coaltion aims to protect

information gathered and transmitted by high-

tech farm machinery.

"Farmers must retain ownership and

control of the private agricultural data that

originates from the work they do in their

fields," said American Farm Bureau

Federation (AFBF) President Zippy Duvall.

"Harnessing that proprietary information for

field-level efficiency and effectiveness is the

key that will unlock more profitability and the

greater adoption of precision agriculture.

That's good for business and the environment,

too.”

The ADC follows years of planning and

coordination by AGCO, AFBF, Auburn

University, CNH Industrial, Crop IMS, Ohio

State University, Mississippi State University,

the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Raven

Industries and Topcon Positioning Group.

ADC plans to build a national online

repository where farmers can securely store

and control the information collected by their

tractors, harvesters, aerial drones and other

devices. The data can then be compiled and

transmitted in an efficient and uniform way to

third parties such as researchers, crop

insurance agents, government officials, farm

managers, input providers or any trusted

advisor the farmer chooses.

Madison County farmer Brandon Moore

recently represented Alabama in technology

discussions at AFBF’s Advocacy Conference.

He said farm data has tremendous value, but

could also be exploited.

“The data is very useful to us as farmers,

and it’s important in the decisions we make,”

Moore said. “Our challenge is to develop our

own expertise in analyzing that data. While

farmers typically own the raw data, some

companies want to own the ability to interpret

the data. The data is much less valuable

without the ability to interpret it and draw

meaningful conclusions that are actionable on

your farm.”

Moore said he recently paid $3,000 for

testing on his farm, but he was only given a

map with recommendation for services he

could purchase from the company.

“I wanted all the detail so I could draw my

own conclusions,” Moore said. “I paid for a

diagnostic tool, but they are holding the data

hostage.”

The ADC would aggregate farm data,

which would protect farmers’ privacy while

providing useful information for scientists and

others.

“The key is that farmers are in complete

control, and they decide who is allowed

access to their data,” explained ADC

Executive Director Matt Bechdol. “That’s

what sets ADC apart. This is not about profit

for others, it’s about streamlining data

management, establishing clear lines of

control, and helping growers utilize their data

in ways that ultimately benefit them.”

Bechdol says to understand ADC’s

platform, it’s helpful to think of it like a bank.

“Farmers deposit their asset into a secure

location,” he said. “They manage that asset

through the equivalent of an online banking

system and then, just like an ATM or an

online transaction, ADC is able to seamlessly

transmit the data on the farmer’s

behalf wherever the farmer wishes.”

16

Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp

Continues to Expand Across Kentucky

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth

(Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp

(Amaranthus tuberculatus) continue to spread

across Kentucky. Initially these pigweed

species were thought to be present primarily

in the west end of the state (Purchase area and

along the lower Ohio River region), but have

now been found in over 50 counties

throughout Kentucky. These sightings would

indicate that Palmer amaranth and waterhemp

continues to be a growing threat to grain crop

production within the state.

It appears that the introduction of these

weeds on farms have come from a variety of

sources. The seed size is extremely small

which allow seed to be easily spread. It is

known that some Palmer amaranth seed was

introduced when cotton seed hulls were fed to

livestock and the subsequent manure spread

on crop fields. Other possible routes for

introduction can be from purchasing used

combines, headers and farm equipment from

other states; trucks hauling supplies from the

southern regions of the US where Palmer

amaranth is widespread or the Midwest where

waterhemp is more prevalent; or transport of

farm equipment from farm to farm. Another

source appears to be through planting cover

crop seed that is not inspected or cleaned of

unwanted weed seed.

Unfortunately, it is easier to find Palmer

amaranth and waterhemp populations in grain

crops later into the season after the plants

have begun to produce new seed. Unlike the

more common pigweed (Amaranthus

hybridus) found in Kentucky, Palmer

amaranth and waterhemp have smooth stems

and often a longer seedhead. However, it can

often be very difficult to distinguish between

these two Amaranth species. If you notice a

plant that has the general appearance of a

pigweed, but looks somewhat different, you

may need to confirm its identification. You

can contact your local county extension office

for assistance or to report its occurrence.

Detecting the presence of these weeds

before large populations become established

in crop fields can help minimize a larger

economic impact in the future. After Palmer

amaranth or waterhemp become established

they can be very difficult to control because

many populations of this plant are already

resistant to glyphosate and the cost for weed

control in these crops can more than double.

When only a few plants are spotted in a field

it can be worthwhile to physically remove and

destroy these individual plants. Fields or

portions of fields with large infestations may

justify destroying plants by mowing or tillage

in order to limit the production or spread of

seed. Growers who plan to harvest these

heavily infested areas would be advised to

combine these areas last to minimize the

introduction of new seed into other fields.

Furthermore, an attempt to clean the combine,

grain carts, trucks, and other equipment used

to destroy or harvest the crop would be

advised, but will not be easy since the small

round seed size are not much bigger than a

period.

17

Facts About Weeds

Many invasive weeds are non-native plants

first introduced in North America as

ornamentals.

Nearly 250 weed species have developed

resistance to herbicides.

Weeds can promote flooding by jamming

control pumps and blocking water flow.

Dried bean and corn crops can be reduced

by as much as 50% by unchecked weeds.

More than 240 weed species are reported to

produce compounds that can inhibit growth

of nearby plants.

Some weeds are poisonous. Some irritate

allergies by their production of pollen.

Weed seeds can travel on moving vehicles,

in container-grown ornamentals or travel

the country in a package of wild bird feed.

Tiny seeds from horseweed have been

know to travel 300 miles by air.

Invasive plants were spread by the 2011

tsuanami in Japan, traveling to the U.S.

among the tons of debris swept into the

Pacific.

Invasive weeds are spreading at a rate of

about 4,600 acres per day on federal lands

in the Western US.

The tuberous roots of kudzu spread in all

directions and can weigh hundreds of

pounds. Kudzu can grow up to 1’ a day.

A single horseweed plant can produce as

many as 200,000 seeds, a single Palmer

amaranth can produce a million seeds.

Purple nutsedge has been called the

world’s worst weed. It can produce tons of

underground tubers and rhizomes per acre

that regenerate when the plant is pulled or

plowed. As single tuber can produce as

many as 600 plants in a single year.

Ludwigia, a water-loving member of the

primrose family, is a shape-shifter that

adapts its appearance and leaf shape in

response to the surrounding environment.

Scientists often have to examine

chromosomes to make an accurate id.

After a walk, Swiss engineer George de

Mestral observed burs from common

burdock stuck to this wool pants and his

dog’s fur. A few years later he patented

Velcro, an invention inspired by the weed.

Source: wssa:Facts about Weeds

Fishing Licenses Expired on Feb 29

There are new regulations for 2016

To get all the information you need

go to http://fw.ky.gov

18

March 21

ESP

19

March 22

ESP In-service

20

21

22

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Cooperative

Extension Service Bullitt County

384 Halls Lane

Shepherdsville, KY 40165-6263