april 6, 2010 pretest vocabulary 9/10 stamp on vocabulary 15.1 notes on natural selection section...
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April 6, 2010 Pretest Vocabulary 9/10 Stamp on Vocabulary 15.1 Notes on Natural
Selection Section Assessment 15.1
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Frozen Frogs Freeze Solid in winter
in water Thaw out and resume
living in the spring 35% of their body
fluids freeze Produce Glycerol
which acts like antifreeze
This prevents ice crystals from forming in a way that destroys the cells
http://ctamp.homestead.com/files/peeper.wav
Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor)
Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer
http://ctamp.homestead.com/files/Versicolorcall.wav
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Charles DarwinNatural Selection:
“Survival of fit” Fit reproduce Competition for
resources Best adapted
species survive
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HMS Beagle Voyage 1835
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Darwin’s key ideas: A. REPRODUCTION: Organisms produce
more offspring than can survive B. VARIATION:Variety in traits exist C. SURVIVAL OF THE FIT: Some traits
allow survival & are passed on D. Over time certain variations make up
most of a population & they may be different from their ancestors
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Malthus’s contribution:
Populations grow to a maximum level
Environmental limitations
Fit animals out compete the less fit
-10%
10%
30%
50%
10 yr 20 yr 40 yr 60 yr 80
POPULATION
CarryingCapacity
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Evolution Evidence:1. Adaptations2. Fossils3. Comparative anatomy4. Comparative embryology5. Comparative Biochemistry6. Plate Tectonics
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April 7, 2010
Stamp on Section Assessment –
Go over Test Notes on Natural
Selection PS Lab 15.1
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Duckbilled Platypus Warm blooded Mammals – milk Leathery eggs Single ventral opening Detects electrical currents
like fish Webbed feet Flat tail Male can inject poison into
its predators Has a bill
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1. Adaptations: features suited to a particular environment that allow organisms to survive
Inuit people, who live in the extreme cold of the Arctic, have short, stout bodies that conserve heat.
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Masai people, who live in the arid lands of eastern Africa, have tall, lean bodies that disperse heat well.
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Plant Adaptations:Venus Fly Trap Captures
Animals Acquires
Minerals For Photo- synthesis
Help!!!
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Leaf Adaptations:Succulents Thick Store Water Prevent
Drying out
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Leaf Adaptations:Pine Needles Shed snow Less water
loss Reduced
surface area Tolerate wind
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Flower Adaptations:Fly pollination:Hair along petals
Putrid smell
Bee pollination:Smooth petalSweet smell
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2. Fossil Evidence: Once living
remains of organisms
Limited:
1. Type of material preserved (bone, shell, impressions, amber)
2. Incomplete record
3. Easily disrupted
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Plant Fossil Evidence:
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3. Plate Tectonics Geological theory: Continental masses were one
land mass that explains Closely related species have
common ancestors on now separated continents
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Early Theories of Evolution:
Darwin: Current theory Natural Selection “Survival of fit” Reproduction of
the best adapted species
Lamark: “Use & Disuse” Abandoned No knowledge
of genetic traits or mutations in sex cells
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Lamark’s Theory
“Use and Disuse” Use of structure
results in evolution
Does not take into account DNA or sex cell mutations
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Gene pool? Group of
reproducing organisms
Specific frequency of allele types:25% AA50% Aa25% aa
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Changes in the Gene Pool: Changes in the
environment= New mix of allele
frequencies:10% aa 60% Aa 30% AA
Dominant had advantage
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Variations: Differences in traits Come about by mutations in
genes Random Occur in sex cells Passed on to future generations
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Bird Beak Adaptations:
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Genetic DriftChanges in the gene pool due to:
1. Random mating
2. Over a long time period
3. No immigration of males
4. No emigration of females
5. Sufficient resources that match the adaptations
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April 7, 2010 Stamp on PS Lab 15.1 Define Vocabulary 15.2 in
glossary with picture Finish up Notes Section Assessment 15.2
for homework
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Wrasse Colorful reef fish Schools of females
with no male present When a shortage of
males one of the females turns into a fully functioning male
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Same Species Must: Show similar
characteristics Successfully
interbreed Producing
fertile offspring Donkey + Horse=
Mule (infertile)
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Geographic Isolation Separation of
organisms by geographic features
Mountains Lakes, oceans, rivers Desserts
(May result in new species over time)
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Reproductive IsolationWhen two different species can not mate and have successful offspring
Geographic barriers Anatomy or physiology Social behaviors
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Reproductive Isolation:Two organisms cannot mate Separated by geographic
boundaries Anatomical differences Physiological differences Social behaviors
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Gradualism
“gradual” Small
changes Over a long
time
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Punctuated Equilibrium “punctuation!” Large changes Happen rapidly Periods of no
change
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Gradualism: Punctuated Equilibrium
Time
#SPECIES
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Adaptive Radiation: “radiation”= branching from
one source “adaptive”= survival of fit Evolution of many branches of
organisms from a single source