April 9, 2014 Review for informational text unit test

Homework: Informational text unit test tomorrow!

Objective: I can demonstrate mastery of informational text patterns of organization, text features, author’s purpose and examples of informational text in preparation for tomorrow’s unit test.

Warm Up (in your composition book)Copy your objective into you comp book. Today we will be reviewing for the informational text unit test tomorrow. In your Lit book, look up the definition for informational text. Copy it down into your notes.

Author's purpose

A writer usually writes for one or more of these purposes:

to express opinions and thoughts to inform or explainto persuade to entertain

to express opinions or thoughts

to inform

the author wants to enlighten the reader with topics that are usually real or contain facts. textbookscookbooksnewspapers encyclopedias

to persuade

the author wants to persuade the reader to agree with his opinion, and may provide facts and examples to convince the reader.

advertisementscommercialsnewspaper editorialscampaign speeches

to entertain

the author wants to amuse the reader poemsstoriesplayscomic strips

Informational text are often arranged in one of 5 common organizational patterns.

Firstly, what do we mean by pattern of organization?

Pattern of Organization

the way ideas and information are arranged and organized. Examples of patterns of organization include:

main idea / supporting detailschronological ordercause and effectcompare and contrastproblem / solution

Main idea / supporting detail

the main idea is the most important idea about a topic that the writer or speaker conveys. The supporting details support the main idea.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--YvaoUePWJA/UIDGRxSm24I/AAAAAAAAA0A/sP0alN9TAYA/s320/Slide2.jpg

A Legendary Book and Movie

1) L. Frank Baum first published The Wizard of Oz in 1900. 2)The next year he wrote a musical based on the book, and it was an instant success. 3) People have enjoyed the story ofThe Wizard of Oz for over 100 years, and in many different forms. 4) Several years after the book's publication and success, a movie was made starring Judy Garland as Dorothy. 5) In 2007, Sony Playstation launched a video game based on the popular story. 6)Baum published many other books as well and had many other interests.

Write the sentence that is the main idea of the selection.

Are there any sentences that do not support the main idea? Which one(s)?

Samuel L. Clemens

1) Writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens spent his childhood on the banks of the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri. 2) It was here that he set his most famous novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 3)Later, he also published a nonfiction book called Life on the Mississippi. 4)Clemens even used a pseudonym, a fictional name used by an author, Mark Twain, which is a term for a water depth of two fathoms on rivers like the Mississippi. 5)As an adult, Clemens made his way west to San Francisco. 6)Eventually, he settled down in Hartford, Connecticut where people still visit the house he lived in. 7)Clemens' writing was greatly influenced by his early life on the Mississippi River.

Which sentence number captures the main idea of the paragraph? How can you tell?

Which sentence(s) do not support this idea?

Chronological order: Definition

the arrangement of events in the order in which they happen.

http://www.wrike.com/blog_images/100832/1,2,3.jpg

Chronological order: strategies for reading

look for sub / headings that may indicate c.o. such as Early Life or Later Yearslook for words that identify times - in a year, 3 weeks laterlook for words that signal order - first, then, duringa paragraph with c.o. will have several time order wordsask yourself: Are the events in time order?

http://courseweb.hopkinsschools.org/pluginfile.php/139621/course/section/20404/Reading-writing.png

Cause and effect: Definition

a pattern of organization that shows the relationships between events, ideas and trends.

http://scottmccloud.com/3-home/news/2010-07/singlepanel.jpg

Cause and effect: Examples

historical and scientific writings

Cause and effect relationships may have many forms

One cause one effectOne cause multiple effectsMultiple causes single effectA chain of causes and effects

Cause and effect: strategies for reading

look for sub / headings that may indicate c and e such as Effects of Food Allergies to find the effect(s), read to answer the question "What happened?" to find the cause(s), read to answer the question "Why did it happen?" look for words that help you identify relationships between events such as because, since, as a result do not assume that an earlier event automatically caused a later oneuse graphic organizers, such as diagrams

Compare and contrast: Definition

a pattern of organization that provides a way to look at similarities and differences in two or more subjects.

Compare and contrast: Examples

Points of comparison - important points or characteristics of two or more subjects.

point by point organization - subject by subject organization - the writer covers all points of comparison for one subject then all points of comparison for the next subjectthe writer discusses one point of

comparison for both subjects, then goes on to the next point

A compare and contrast pattern of organization can be developed in either of these two ways:

Compare and contrast: strategies for reading

look for sub / headings that may indicate c and c such as Plants Share Many Characteristics to find similarities, look for words such as like, similarly, both, all to find differences, look for words such as unlike, but, on the other hand use a Venn Diagram or another kind of graphic organizer

Subject 1 Subject 2Both

Subject 1 Subject 2

Point 1Point 2Point 3

http://www.millvalleylibrary.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/reading1.jpg

Problem-Solution: Definition

a pattern of organization in which a problem is stated and analyzed and then one or more solutions are proposed and examined.

http://www.arnauddisberg.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/problem-solution-620x285.gif

Problem-Solution Order: Examples

persuasive writing such as editorials and proposals

Problem-solution:strategies for reading

look for an explanation of the problem in the first or second paragraphlook for words such as problem and reasonto find the solution, ask: What suggestion does the writer offer to the problem? look for words such as propose, conclude and answer that may signal a solution

http://www.sacredheartva.org/images/read.jpg

Let's review types of graphic organizers best used for each type...

Main idea / supporting details - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?

Chronological / sequential order - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?

Compare / contrast - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?

Cause / effect - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?

Now I will give you a sheet asking you to read four different selections. Choose the pattern of organization used in each one.

#1.

#2.

#3.

#5.

Informational texts often contain text features.What are text feature?

Text features

design elements of a text that indicate its pattern of organization or otherwise make its central ideas and

information understandable.

titlessub / headingsboldfaced typebulleted and numbered listsgraphic aids - charts, graphs, illustrations, photographs, diagrams, maps and timelines.

Graphic aids

visual representations of verbal statements that make complex information easy to understand. They are often used to organize, simplify and summarize

information for easy reference.

http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/43981699.png

Graph

a drawing that shows the relative values of numerical quantities.

circle (pie) graphshows the relationship of parts to a whole. The entire

circle equals 100% and the parts of the circle represent percentages of the whole

https://www.schoology.com/system/files/attachments/page_embeds/m/2013-05/pie.gif

line graphshows changes in numerical quantities over time and

can be used to present trends such as global temperature change.

http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/graphs/images/line_example3.jpg

bar graphvertical or horizontal bars are used to show or compare

categories of information. The lengths of the bars indicate quantities.

http://getwordwall.com/Attachments/Screenshots/Play/bar-graph.png

http://studyzone.org/testprep/math4/d/bargra1.gif

diagrama drawing that shows how something works or how its

parts relate to one another.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg

schematic diagramlines, symbols and words are used to help readers

visualize processes or objects they wouldn't normally be able to see .

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/Schematic_diagram_standing_wave_systems.jpg

chartpresents information, shows a process or makes

comparisons, usually in rows or columns.

http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/9a/b6/49/9ab6497fa8ef1aef42557ee520df8aab.jpg

tablea specific type of chart that present a collection of facts in rows and columns and shows how the facts relate to

one another.

http://www.databison.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/chart-table-with-chart.png

mapvisually represents a geographic region, such as a state or country. It

provides information about areas through lines, colors, shapes and symbols.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespace-removed.jpg

political mapshows political features, such

as national borders.

http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_europe/detailed_political_map_of_europe.jpg

physical mapshows the landforms in an

area.

road or travel mapshows roads and highways.

http://geology.com/cities-map/map-of-north-carolina-cities.gif

thematic mapshows information on a specific topic, such as climate,

weather or natural resources.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RDWM01wSb4Y/T3o63Qi8N3I/AAAAAAAAAGs/Uh-jg1I0Cig/s1600/choro.jpg

timelinesshows events in the order in which they occurred. Event are listed along a horizontal or vertical line and are usually labeled with the year in which

they happened.

http://www.wiinintendo.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/video-game-timeline.jpg

Let's review primary / secondary sources...

What is a primary source? Examples?

What is a secondary source? Examples?

Subject Primary source Secondary source

Art

History

Medicine

Sports

English

Make the following chart in your notes

Homework:

TEST on informational text tomorrow! STUDY! This is a formal grade!