ISSN 0036-8075

14 Apr*il 1978

Volume 200, No. 4338

LETTERS The LDH Virus: An Interfering Biological Contaminant: V. Riley et al.; XeroxingLife: P. R. Gross; Geological Survey Director: D. McGeary. .

EDITORIAL Energy and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ARTICLES Fuel Conservation and Applied Research: J. Grey, G. W. Sutton, M. Zlotnick.

U.S. Energy Demand: Some Low Energy Futures ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Hobbling of Coal: Policy and Regulatory Uncertainties: R. L. Gordon

Brazil: Energy Options and Current Outlook: J. Goldemberg.

.Energy Options and Strategies for Western Europe: W. Hafele and W. Sassin.

Fusion Energy in Context: Its Fitness for the Long Term: J. P. Holdren .

NEWS AND COMMENT Outbreak of Equine VD Stirs Fear in Kentucky .

Academy of Engineering Elects New Members.

Cryptology: A Secret Meeting at IDA? .

Sun Day Seen as More Potent Politically than Earth Day . . . . . . . . .

RESEARCH NEWS Two Superconducting Accelerators: Physics Spurs Technology .

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BOOK REVIEWS Social Limits to Growth, reviewed by F. T. Juster; The Coastline, M. 0. Hayes;Exploratory Data Analysis, J. B. Kadane; Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems,R. E. Ricklefs; The Biology of Diatoms, S. Golubic; Books Received andBook Order Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

REPORTS Atmospheric Input of Carbon Dioxide from Burning Wood: C. S. Wong . . . . . . . 197

Gyrate Atrophy of the Retina: Inborn Error of L-Ornithine:2-OxoacidAminotransferase: J. J. O'Donnell, R. P. Sandman, S. R. Martin . . . . . . . . 200

; Prostaglandin E1 Inhibits Platelet Aggregation by a Pathway Independent ofAdenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate: A. K. Sinha and R. W. Colman . . . . . . . . 202

Sex Ratio: Adaptive Response to Population Fluctuations in Pandalid Shrimp:E. L. Charnov, D. W. Gotshall, J. G. Robinson .. ............... 204

5-Thio-D-Glucose Selectively Potentiates Hyperthermic Killing of Hypoxic TumorCells: J. H. Kim et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Bicarbonate Ion Transport: A Mechanism for the Acidification of Urine in theTurtle: T. P. Schilb .208

Frog Perspective on the Morphological Difference Between Humans andChimpanzees: L. M. Cherry, S. M. Case, A. C. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Oral Cocaine: Plasma Concentrations and Central Effects: C. Van Dyke . . . . . . . 211

PRODUCTS AND Rotary Microtome; Recording Spectrophotometer; Research Microscope; Dish forMATERIALS Tissue Culture; Platelet Aggregation Measurement; Oscillating Ball

Flowmeter; Thermistor Probe Holder; Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

COVER

Comparison of body shapes. The halfchimpanzee-half human drawing illus-trates the morphological differences be-tween ape and human. The half Xe-nopus-half Rana diagram illustratesthe morphological differences betweenrepresentatives of two different sub-orders of frogs. The ape-human dif-ference is at least as large as that be-tween the two frogs. This contrastswith the biochemical picture. Biochem-ically, the two frogs are at least 30times further apart than humans arefrom apes. See page 209. [Diagram, S.L. Washburn, University of California,Berkeley]

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14 April 1978, Volume 200, Number 4338

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR EneITHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- The

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad- ment tvancement of science, including the presentation of mi-nority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- stIucti'lishing only material on which a consensus has been confroireached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book re- Transfviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of the actionauthors and not official points of view adopted by theAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af- requisifiliated. The

EditorIal Boad sympo1978: RICHARD E. BALZHISER, JAMES F. CROW, 13 to 1

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SCIENCE

rgy and DevelopmentUnited Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Develop-to be held in Vienna in September 1979 could be an important con-ive event. Many observers, however, fear that it will be just anotherontation of politicians from developed and less developed countries.Fer of science and technology cannot be accomplished by the inter-of politicians or by gifts of black boxes or tons of blueprints-a pre-ite is human interaction at an expert level.organizers of the U.N. conference might well draw lessons from asium entitled "Energy and Development in the Americas," held fromL7March near Santos, Brazil.* Participants came from 16 countries anded about 110 scientists, engineers, and government representatives.brought to the meeting different backgrounds of knowledge and expe-and found mutual pleasure and benefit in friendly interchanges. Top-vered included nuclear energy, oil, oil shale, coal, synthetic fuels,power, windmills, hydrogen, solar energy, biomass, efficient use of',and energy for rural peoples. The participants shared the belief thatLys of cheap oil are over and the conviction that each country mustits own energy resources and move toward an energy independenceon indigenous supplies.Latin America in general, this means an emphasis on solar energy,ss, and the development of large hydropower potentials. Venezuelareat oil resource in its Orinoco tar sands; Brazil, oil shale; Colombia,Lntial coal reserves; and Mexico, newly discovered oil; but the regionrhole is lacking in fossil fuels.roblem much on the minds of participants was the continuing crowd-tocities of the peoples of Latin America. There was a search for aof slowing this trend by making rural life more attractive. Ways ofig cheap, small, practical energy sources were discussed. A problemcities is to provide electricity. Today, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico)ceeding with nuclear power plants. Some of their neighbors are con-.g following this path.m the standpoint of energy research programs, the United States is'the leader in terms of quantity and scope. This country is also be-g expert at building "demonstration plants." But with respect to con-g research into production facilities that make a difference to the-y's energy supply, the United States lags.zilians are moving ahead with the production of alcohol for motor fuelcharcoal from eucalyptus trees for steel mills. The use of palm oil to-ment diesel fuel is on the horizon, and the development of hydro-is continuing.speakers from outside the Western Hemisphere provided additional

-ctives. The French are proceeding with the operation of a nuclearfessing plant and with practical means of disposing of nuclear wastes.have developed and are implementing long-range plans for their ener-ire. If one takes into account the skimpy resources of the Indian sub-ent, the United States is put to shame by the Indians. They are build-large number of biomass converters to produce methane from cowe. The heating value of the methane is five times that of the cow dung.from the digesters makes excellent fertilizer.international meeting, sponsored jointly by the Brazilian Society forrogress of Science and Interciencia, was organized in less than 6IS. In the year and a half remaining before the Vienna meeting, theNations still has time to create sessions and an atmosphere in which

cant interchange can occur.-PHILIP H. ABELSONroceedings of the Interciencia-SBPC Symposium, "Energy and Development in theis," including 35 presentations, will be published in July 1978 by the Sociedade BrasileiraProgresso da Ciencia, Caixa Postal 11008, 01000 Sao Paulo, S.P., Brazil. Reports andendations of the five workshops of the symposium will be published in the May-JuneInterciencia, available at $2.50 (postpaid) from Interciencia, Apartado 51842, Caracasnezuela. l0F

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