apuntas de repaso explanation and conjugations of present tense verbs fecha: hoy es martes 21 de...
TRANSCRIPT
Apuntas de repaso
Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs
Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de agosto del 2012
Present tense Notes1. Present tense
A verb is a word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. All Spanish verbs belong to one of three categories, according to the infinitive, -ar, -er, or –ir verbs. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir)2: add the appropriate present tense endings to match the subject.-ar verb endings -er endings -ir endings
o
as
a
amos
an
áis
o o
es es
e e
emos imos
éis ís
en en
How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs;
1. Yo bailo todos los díasYo is the subject pronounbailo is the conjugated verbTodos los días is the rest of the
sentenceBailar is the infinitive of the conjugated
verb bailo.
How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs;
1. Yo bailo todos los díasYo is the subject pronounbailo is the conjugated verbTodos los días is the rest of the
sentenceBailar is the infinitive of the conjugated
verb bailo.
Continuation of notesWhen to use it• The present tense forms of Spanish verbs
express both the English present tense (I walk) Yo hablo and the English present
progressive (I am walking) Yo estoy hablando.
• Spanish Present tense forms also include the auxiliary verb do/does that English uses in questions and negative sentences. Do/does are not expressed in Spanish before another verb
Continuation of notes• Indicates:A) an action or state of being at the present
time.Examples: 1. Hablo español
• I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish, I do speak Spanish
2. Creo en Dios• I believe in God
Continuation of notesB) Habitual action
Example:Voy a la biblioteca todos los díasI go to the library every dayI do go to the library every day.
C). A general truth, something which is permanently trueExamples : 1) Seis menos dos son cuatro.
Six minus two are four2) El ejercicio hace maestro al novicio.
Practice makes perfect.
Continuation of notesD) Vividness when talking about past events.
Example: El asesino se pone pálido. Tiene miedo. Sale de la casa y corre a lo largo del río. The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runs along the river.
e) A near future.Examples:1. Mi hermano llega mañana.
My brother arrives tomorrow.2. ¿Escuchamos un disco ahora?
Shall we listen to a record now?
Continuation of notes• Types of irregular verbs
– -oy verbs - These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “oy”
• Examples: ser, ir, dar, estar (best to just memorize these verbs and their forms)
– Stem changers (aka shoe verbs) – • These verbs have a change in the stem (what’s left
after removing the –ar, -er, or –ir)• There are 4 types:
– e-ie (tener, querer, comenzar, etc.)– e-I (decir, pedir,seguir etc.) – o-ue (dormir, poder, etc.)– u-ue (jugar)
Steps to form them:1: Chopsuey2: Switch-a-roonie3: schmoosh
Continuation of notes– “-go” verbs – These verbs are irregular in the
yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “go”
• Examples: poner, salir, hacer, traer, venir, decir, oír, seguir
• Another type of verbs– Reflexives– A verb is reflexive when the subject and the
object are the same. In other words, when the subject does something to himself.
– When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."
Continuation of notes• To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need
a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally.
• The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns.
• The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.
Continuation of notes• me (myself)
te (yourself)se (himself, herself, yourself)
nos (ourselves)os (yourselves)se (themselves, yourselves)
To conjugate a reflexive verb:1. Remove the “se”2. Rearrange – move the “se” to the front of the verb3. Make a change – change the “se” to match the subject4. Chopsuey – remove the –ar,-er, or –ir5. Switch-a-roonie – make a stem change if necessary6. Schmoosh – add the correct ending to match the subject
Lav seme aro(yo) (tú) ac o st ar sete ue as
Continuation of notes• When two verbs are used together, the
first verb is conjugated and the second verb is left in the infinitive form. (big brother-little brother verbs)– Example:
• I want to eat. Quiero comer.
• When the 2nd verb is reflexive, change the “se” to match the subject, but leave it at the end of the verb. – Example:
• I need to go to bed Necesito acostarme
Present Tense Conjugations
1
1.To talk, to speakHablar
HabloHablasHabla
Hablamos
HablanHabláis
2
1.To eatcomer
Comocomescome
comemoscoméiscomen
3
1.To livevivir
vivovivesvive
vivimosvivísviven
4
1.To beser
soyeres
es
somos
son
sois
5
1.To beEstar
EstoyEstásEstá Están
EstamosEstáis
6
1.To goir
voyvasva
vamosvaisvan
7
1.To give, to throw(a party)dar
doydasda
damos
dandais
8
1.To seever
veovesve
vemos
venvéis
9
1.To readleer
leoleeslee
leemosleéisleen
10
1.To paypagar
pagopagaspaga
pagamos
paganpagáis
11
1.To touch, to play (an instrument)tocar
tocotocastoca
tocamos
tocantocáis
12
1.To learnaprender
aprendoaprendesaprende
aprendemos
aprendenaprendéis
13
1.To havetener
tengotienestiene tienen
tenemostenéis
14
1.To want, to wish,To love
quererquieroquieres
quiere quieren
queremosqueréis
15
1.To begincomenzar
comienzocomienzascomienza comienzan
comenzamoscomenzáis
16
1.To sleepdormir
duermoduermesduerme duermen
dormimosdormís
17
1.To be able to, canpoder
podemosPodéis
puedopuedespuede pueden
18
1.To put, to placeponer
pongoponespone
ponemosponéisponen
19
1.To leave, to go outsalir
salgosalessale
salimossalíssalen
20
1.To do, to makehacer
hagohaceshace
hacemoshacéishacen
21
1.To bringtraer
traigotraestrae
traemostraéistraen
22
1.To comeVenir
VengoVienesviene
VenimosVenísvienen
23
1.To knowsaber
sésabessabe
sabemossabéissaben
24
1.To know, to be familiar withconocer
conozcoconocesconoce
conocemosconocéisconocen
25
1.To wash one’s selfLavarse
Me lavoTe lavasSe lava
Nos lavamosOs laváisSe lavan
26
1.To go to bedacostarse
Me acuestoTe acuestasSe acuesta
Nos acostamosOs acostáisSe acuestan
27
1.
To enjoy one’s self,To have a good time
divertirseme diviertote diviertes
se divierte
nos divertimosos divertís
se divierten
28
1.To walk
andan
andoandasanda
andamosandar
andáis
29
1.To say, to telldecir
digodices
dice
decimosdecís
dicen
30
1.
To ask for, to requestpedirpidopides
pide
pedimospedís
piden
31
1.
To follow, to continueseguirsigosigues
sigue
seguimosseguís
siguen
31
1.To hearoír
oigooyes
oye
oímosoís
oyen