apuntes - los angeles mission college
TRANSCRIPT
Apuntes
¿Cuáles son?
Los artículos definidos
se usan para expresar la
palabra en inglés
“_________”.the
singular plural
masculino
femenino
el losla las
Los artículos definidos
se usan:
►con _________ nouns
and nouns used on a
_________ sense.
abstract
general
World peace is important.
La paz mundial es importante.
BUT
Mr. Gómez is not here.
El Sr. Gómez no está aquí.
Good morning, Dr. Molinas.
Buenos días, Ø Dr. Molinas.
►With most _________ of
people except when
speaking directly to a
person.
titles
Martha has green eyes.
Marcus wears the blue jacket.
Marta tiene los ojos verdes.
Marcos lleva la chaqueta azul.
►con parts of the ______
and personal __________
(such as __________).
bodypossessions
clothing
BUT
We are leaving on March 16.
Today is Monday.
Today is March 28th.
Salimos el 16 de marzo.
Hoy es el 28 de marzo.Hoy es Ø 28 de marzo.
Hoy es Ø lunes.
►con ________ (to mean
“on”) and con ________
of the week (except to say
what day ________).
dates
days
it is
►con _______ of day.time
It is eight forty-five a.m.
Son las nueve menos cuarto
de la mañana.
¿Qué piensas?
___ Argentina
___ Canadá
___ China
___ Ecuador
___ Estados
Unidos
___ Perú
la
el
la
el
los
el
►con names of certain
__________ and
_______ (geographical areas).
countries
cities
►In contemporary usage,
the definite article is often
_________ with these
countries.omitted
¿Qué piensas?
___ Salvador
___ Habana
El
La
►If the definite article is
part of the official name of
a country or city, it is
____________ and can
_________ be omitted.capitalized
never
¿Cuáles son?
Los artículos indefinidos
se usan para expresar las
palabras en inglés
“____/____” y ________.a an some
singular plural
masculino
femenino
un unosuna unas
The Spanish indefinite article is sometimes confusing for beginning students, because it has to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies, and it doesn't always correspond to an article in other languages. For me, it helps to remember that if you have a noun in Spanish, there is virtually always an article (either indefinite or definite) in front of it, unless you use a possessive (my, your, etc.) or a demonstrative (this, that) adjective. It is also vital that when you learn new vocabulary, you make sure to learn the gender of each noun, because the articles (as well as adjectives, pronouns, and just about everything else) change according to the gender of the noun.
The singular indefinite articles in Spanish correspond to a, an, or one in
English. The plurals correspond to some. There are four Spanish
indefinite articles.
SINGULAR PLURAL
MASCULINE Un
Un libro
Unos
Unos libros
FEMININE Una
Una profesora
Unas
Unas profesoras
The indefinite article usually refers to an unspecified person or thing.Quiero un libro - I want a book. Tiene una idea - He has an idea.
The indefinite article can also refer to just one of something:Hay un estudiante en la sala –
There is one student in the room.
The plural indefinite article means some:
Compré unas naranjas - I bought some oranges.
When refering to a person's profession, the indefinite is not used in
Spanish, although it is used in English.Soy profesor - I am a teacher. Ana quiere ser médica - Ana wants to be a
doctor.
BUTMy mother is an excellent teacher.
My mother is a teacher.
Mi mamá es una maestra
excelente.
Mi mamá es Ø maestra.
►se OMITEN con ________________
nouns used after the verbs _______
and __________, in reference to
____________, ____________,
____________ or ________________
unless its modified by an
____________.
unmodifiedser
hacerseprofession religion
affiliation social status
adjective
He is wearing a shirt.
I don’t have a car.
Is there a quiz today?
No tengo Ø carro/auto.
Él lleva Ø camisa.
¿Hay Ø prueba hoy?
►se OMITEN con verbs such as
_________, _________, _________
and _________ when the concept of
_________ (one) is not emphasized
and especially if the sentence is
__________ or an _______________.
tener llevar poseerhay
quantity
negative interrogative
He writes without a computer.
I like my hamburger with a pickle.
Me gusta mi hamburguesa con
Ø pepinillo.
Él escribe sin Ø computadora.
►se OMITEN después de las
words _______ and _______,
when the concept is not
______________.
con sin
emphasized
The cookies need half a cup of sugar.
I need another canvas.
What a beautiful painting!
(Yo) Necesito otro Ø lienzo.
Las galletas necesitan Ø
media taza de azúcar.
¡Qué Ø pintura más
linda/hermosa!
►se OMITEN con words such
as ________, ________,
________, ________...
otro(a) tal
medio(a) ¡Qué…!
►The indefinite articles
“________” and “________”are often USED with numbers
to indicate _______________.
unos unas
approximation
I took about a hundred pictures of Madrid.
Saqué unas cien
fotos de Madrid.
The definite and indefinite
articles are often used
with adjectives to form a
__________.noun
¿Qué piensas?The young chicana
The chicano man
An activist
A chicana woman
La joven chicana
El chicano
Un activista
Una chicana
Feminine singular nouns that
begin with a- require masculine
definite and indefinite articles to
avoid repetition of the
“a” sound.
¿Qué piensas?an/the eagle
a/the water
some/the eagles
some/the waters
BUT
un / el águila
un / el agua
unas / las águilas
unas / las aguas
ApuntesLo - Neuter Article
In addition to the definite and indefinite articles, Spanish has what is
called a neuter article.
This article, lo, is invariable and is used in front of just about any
adjective in order to express something abstract or a quality.
lo fácil the easy thing,
lo bueno the good thing
lo bello
what's beautiful
lo justo
what is just
lo mejor
the best
Stem-Changing VerbsWith the third group of stem-changing verbs, the letter e in the stem
changes to i in all forms except the nosotros and vosotros.
Here's another e:i
stem-changing verb.
Notice how the stem
doesn't change in
the nosotros and
vosotros forms.
pedir (e:i)
pido
pides
pide
pedimos
pedís
piden
repetir
repito
repites
repite
repetimos
repetís
repiten
You can do it!
6. decir
¿Quién_________ esto?
7. medir
Pablo_________ seis pies.
8. pedir
María_________ ayuda.
9. Pedir
Ellos ________ la cuenta
10. Seguir
Todos ______ las reglas.
1. servir
¿Qué_______ el mesero?
2. competir
Atletas de todo el
mundo_________ en las
Olimpiadas.
3. corregir
Los profesoras________
muchos exámenes.
4. pedir
Nosotros______ el
desayuno.
5. Seguir
El inspector_________ las
reglas.
Definite and Indefinite
Articles True or false?
5. There are four definite
articles: el, la, los, las.
true
false
6. There are four indefinite
articles: un, una, unos, unas.
true
false
7. Un means both a and one,
when used before a masculine
noun.
true
false
8. When referring to a specific
noun, use the indefinite
articles.
true
false
Choose the correct
translation.
9. (a table)
_____mesa
10. (a cat)
______gata
Choose the correct answer.
1. the books
el libro
la revista
los libros
las revistas
2. the (female) professor
el profesor
la profesora
un profesor
una profesora
3. a (male) cat
los gatos
un gato
el gato
la gata
4. some students (male and
female)
unas estudiantes
los estudiantes
unos estudiantes
el estudiante
La expresión verbal Hay
•The difference is one in meaning. Hay is used to refer to mere
existence, while está or están is used to describe location.
•As an example, look at the following simple sentence: "There is a
book." The English is ambiguous. The sentence could be phrased
as "a book is there," meaning that a book is in a certain location. Or
could be interpreted as "a book exists." In Spanish a different verb
would be used in each instance.
•To say that the book is in a location, use a form of estar:
•El libro está allí. (The book is there.)
•But to say it merely exists, use a form of haber, in this case hay:
•Hay un libro. (A book exists.)