DefinitionDefinition also known as aquaculturealso known as aquaculture cultivation of aquatic organisms cultivation of aquatic organisms

under controlled conditionsunder controlled conditions

~ ~ ponds, net cages in lakes or ponds, net cages in lakes or oceans,oceans,

rectangle raceway tanks, round rectangle raceway tanks, round

tanks, earthen tanks lined tanks, earthen tanks lined

with plastics etc.with plastics etc.

Fish FarmingFish Farming

principal form of aquacultureprincipal form of aquaculture

raising fish commercially in tanks raising fish commercially in tanks enclosures, usually for food. enclosures, usually for food.

salmon, catfish, tilapia, cod, carp, troutsalmon, catfish, tilapia, cod, carp, trout

MaricultureMariculture cultivation of marine organisms for food and cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products other products

carry out in carry out in an enclosed section of the an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater are filled with seawater

examples:marine fish, prawns, or oysters examples:marine fish, prawns, or oysters

non food products:fish meal, nutrient non food products:fish meal, nutrient agar,cultured pearls, and cosmetics. agar,cultured pearls, and cosmetics.

Shrimp FarmingShrimp Farming aquaculture business for the aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp for cultivation of marine shrimp for human consumption human consumption

Brazil is the largest Brazil is the largest producer of farmed shrimp producer of farmed shrimp

Thailand is the largest exporting Thailand is the largest exporting

nation nation

aquaculture's contribution to global , aquaculture's contribution to global , increasing from 3.9 % of total production by increasing from 3.9 % of total production by

weight in 1970 to 27.3 % in 2000. weight in 1970 to 27.3 % in 2000.

the sector has increased at an average the sector has increased at an average compounded rate of 9.2 % per year since compounded rate of 9.2 % per year since 1970, compared with only 1.4 % (capture 1970, compared with only 1.4 % (capture fisheries),2.8 % (terrestrial farmed meat fisheries),2.8 % (terrestrial farmed meat production systems). production systems).

As fishing has become more industrialised,As fishing has become more industrialised, and wild fish stocks increasingly depleted, and wild fish stocks increasingly depleted, aquaculture production aquaculture production has grown rapidly tohas grown rapidly to address the shortfalls in capture fisheries address the shortfalls in capture fisheries

Generally Generally fisheries sector can fisheries sector can be categorized in three aspects:be categorized in three aspects:

~ ~ source of foreign exchange in source of foreign exchange in trades trades ~ source of affordable and reliable ~ source of affordable and reliable animal protein and income provision animal protein and income provision ~ new source of income for country ~ new source of income for country

Few steps are taken by Few steps are taken by government to promote government to promote aquafarmingaquafarming : :

~ ~ Projek Berimpak Besar (HIP)Projek Berimpak Besar (HIP)

~ Zon Industri Akuakultur (ZIA) ~ Zon Industri Akuakultur (ZIA) Peringkat Kebangsaan Peringkat Kebangsaan

~ ~ Sungai Como di Tasik KenyirSungai Como di Tasik Kenyir

There are few modern There are few modern technologies used in technologies used in aquaculture which are eco-aquaculture which are eco-friendly:friendly:~ Recirculation Aquaculture ~ Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (RAS) Systems (RAS)~ Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture ~ Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture ( Aquaponic ). ( Aquaponic ).

In assessing future challenges for the In assessing future challenges for the fisheries sector, FAO (1999c) has fisheries sector, FAO (1999c) has identified a number of key issues that identified a number of key issues that span the entire sector, and which are of span the entire sector, and which are of primary policy importance. These primary policy importance. These

challenges include:challenges include:

~ maintaining the contribution made by ~ maintaining the contribution made by fisheries and aquaculture fisheries and aquaculture ~~ strengthening the base for fisheries strengthening the base for fisheries management and aquaculture management and aquaculture development development~ improving governance and more effective~ improving governance and more effective effective conflict resolution effective conflict resolution~ facilitating greater transparency in ~ facilitating greater transparency in fisheries sector decision making at all fisheries sector decision making at all levels levels

~ improving access to, and the ~ improving access to, and the dissemination of, good quality and timely dissemination of, good quality and timely information in the most appropriate information in the most appropriate formats formats

~ reducing by-catch and discards~ reducing by-catch and discards ~ promoting cooperation in fish trade~ promoting cooperation in fish trade ~ integrating coastal area planning and ~ integrating coastal area planning and management more effectively management more effectively

ReferencesReferences http://akuakulturplaza.blogspot.com/feeds/phttp://akuakulturplaza.blogspot.com/feeds/p http://www.factoryfarming.com/fish_aquahttp://www.factoryfarming.com/fish_aqua http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquafarmingculture.htmosts/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquafarmingculture.htmosts/

defaultdefault http://www.fishdept.sabah.gov.my/download/http://www.fishdept.sabah.gov.my/download/

INVESTMENT%20PROSPECTS.PDFINVESTMENT%20PROSPECTS.PDF http://www.northernaquafarms.com/aquaculture/http://www.northernaquafarms.com/aquaculture/

page5.htmlpage5.html http://www.todayaqua.com/Special%20Events/2004%2Chttp://www.todayaqua.com/Special%20Events/2004%2C

%20January/%20January/ http://www.townplanning.sabah.gov.my/iczm/Reports/http://www.townplanning.sabah.gov.my/iczm/Reports/

Coastal%20Profile%20Sabah/ch11/11-FISHERIES.htmlCoastal%20Profile%20Sabah/ch11/11-FISHERIES.html http://www.xianleng.com.my/profile/history.htmlhttp://www.xianleng.com.my/profile/history.html

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