aquatic ecosystems determining factors: – depth (limits amount of sunlight and distance to...
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Aquatic Ecosystems• Determining factors:
– Depth (limits amount of sunlight and distance to nutrients)
– Flow (affects floating organisms and moves nutrients
– Chemical composition (salinity)
– Latitude (affects the temperature and density of the water)
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Freshwater Ecosystems
• Flowing water Ecosystem– Rivers, Streams & Creeks• High concentration of oxygen with little plant life
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Freshwater Ecosystems
• Standing water ecosystem– Lakes and ponds
• Recharge and discharge from streams, creeks, and rain brings nutrients
• Wind circulates nutrients
• Phytoplankton and algae form the base for the food chain
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Freshwater Ecosystems
• Wetland– Bogs, swamps, and
marshes– Seasonal, shallow
breeding grounds for insects, fishes, and migratory birds
– Water is fresh, salt, or brackish (mixture)
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Estuaries• Estuaries occur where rivers meet
the sea.– Salt marsh… temperate zone estuary– Mangrove swamp… widespread
through tropical regions (HI & Florida)• Water is a mix • Contain an very large amount of
detritus nutrients• Is able to support a very large biomass
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Marine Ecosystem
• Separated into the photic and aphotic zones
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Marine Ecosystem
• Divisions based on depth
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Intertidal Zone
• Submerged part of the day and exposed to air part of the day– Many of the permanent population attach to and
live in rocks
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Coastal Ocean• Neritic Zone…Extends from the low-tide mark to the continental shelf
(includes the coral reefs)– Lies mostly in the photic zone– Supports a great amount of sea life– Location of the kelp forests
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Open Ocean Zones• Pelagic (surface) and Benthic (deeper)
– Largest marine zone (~90% of surface water)
– Depth 500m to ~11000m– Most of the photosynthesis on Earth
occurs here but primary productivity is low
– Deeper areas are cold, dark, and under extreme pressures (~30ft = 1atm of pressure)