be issued as a joint contribution by the Institute for QuaternaryStudies, University of Maine, and the Antarctic Research Facil-ity, Florida State University.

Webb, P. N. 1979. Initial report on geological materials collected at Risr'site 1-9, 2978-1979 (RIsP Tech. Rep. 79-2). Lincoln: University ofNebraska, Ross Ice Shelf Project Management Office.

ARA Islas Orcadas: Core recovery,core storage, and sample

distribution

DENNIS S. CASSIDY

Antarctic Research FacilityDepartment of GeologyFlorida State University

Tallahassee, Florida 32306

This article presents a brief review of the status of cura-torial activities at the Florida State University's (Fsu) Ant-arctic Marine Geology Research Facility and Core Librarywith respect to the recovery, receipt, processing, storage,and sampling of the sedimentary materials retrievedaboard ARA Islas Orcadas. Seven representatives of the facil-ity (Paul Ciesielski, David DeFelice, John Hattner, SteveJones, Duncan McKenzie, Jan Smolko, and Sherwood Wise,Jr.) participated in 5 of the 19 research cruises of this vessel(cruises 0775, 1176, 1277, 1578, and 1678), during whichmore than 2,100 meters of piston, trigger, and Phleger coreswere recovered. Augmenting this total are approximately50 meters of piston and trigger cores collected for the Ar-gentine scientific program aboard several of the 14 Argen-tine cruises. These cores are curated in Buenos Aires and arenot included for discussion in this report. (One member ofthe facility, Steve Jones, assisted in coring aboard Argentinecruise 13/14.)

The first shipment of cores (cruise 0775) was received atFsu on 30 January 1975, and the final shipment (cruise 1678)on 10 July 1978. Cores were shipped to the United States byboth ocean freight and air freight. Some cores were shippednonrefrigerated; others were shipped frozen. All cores pres-ently are stored at 2°C.

Figure 1 graphically represents piston core recoveryaboard each of the five cruises. Figure 2 provides similardata for the trigger and Phleger cores. (See Cassidy andShepley 1977 for a presentation of similar data concerningUSNS Eltanin core recovery.) For both figures, the recoverytotals are for all cores recovered, regardless of whether ornot all cores were received at FSU. (Six of the 253 piston coreswere retained by the Republic of Argentina, and 1 was lostenroute to the facility.) For cores of cruises 1578 and 1678,the meterage totals are unofficial since core-describing isnot yet complete. (Official values, given in the publishedcore description volumes, are usually about 1 percent to 2percent less than unofficial values.)

Three volumes of core descriptions have already beencompleted for Islas Orcadas cores (Cassidy, Ciesielski, Kaha-roeddin, Wise, and Zemmels 1977; Kaharoeddin 1978; Ka-haroeddin, Eggers, Graves, Goldstein, Hattner, Jones, andCiesielski 1979). A fourth volume is nearing completion(Kaharoeddin, Eggers, Goldstein, Graves, Watkins, Bergen,and Jones in preparation) and descriptive work is well un-derway on cores of cruise 1678, which will appear in thefifth and final volume of this series. In these volumes coredescriptions are based on quantitative as well as qualitativeanalyses. A variety of attendant information such as basalsediment ages of the piston cores, graphic logs using stand-ard lithologic symbols, descriptions of sediment recoveredby the core catcher and core cutter, and a presentation ofthe descriptive criteria and methods used in classifying thesediments are also included.

Figure 3 identifies the positions of all cores recoveredaboard the five Argentine-United States cruises of Islas Or-cadas. Precise core location data (type of core, core number,core length, water depth, latitude, and longitude) can befound by reference to the maps and tables appearing in thecore description volumes.

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Figure 1. Total recovery, In meters, of piston core sedimentsby cruise. Circled numbers within top of meterage bars aretotal number of piston cores recovered aboard cruise. Aver-age core length per cruise is shown.

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228 AwrRcrIc JOURNAL

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CRUISE NUMBERFigure 2. Total recovery, in meters, of trigger and Phlegercore sediments by cruise. Circled numbers within top of me-terage bars are total number of trigger or Phieger cores re-covered aboard cruise.

An important function of the curatorial program is thedistribution of samples to authorized investigators. As of 31May 1980, 19,107 samples had been distributed from IslasOrcadas cores housed at the facility. The table shows sampledistribution totals by cruise and by core type. These sam-ples have been received by 25 investigators representing 16institutions in India, Sweden, and the United States. Toevaluate the effort required to distribute this number ofsamples and the extent of research making use of them, thereader is reminded that the sample totals do not include (1)samples taken from the cores aboard ship, (2) samples re-moved for the preparation of smear slides for descriptivework, or (3) the redistribution of sample portions by thesample recipient. Experience has shown that from two tofive investigators usually are involved in the analysis of

samples charged, for inventory purposes, to a single indi-vidual. One hundred samples requested by one individual,for example, may serve as research material for severalgraduate theses and/or dissertations and subsequent publi-cation of results.

Distribution of samples from ARA IsIss Orcadas piston andtrigger cores as of 31 May 1980

CruisePiston coreTrigger coreTotal numbernumbersamplessamplesper cruise

07753,66233 3,69511765,14825 5,17312774,83387 4,92015782,98714 3,00116782,318—2,318

Totals18,94815919,107

Note: Approximately 75 percent of the total number of coreshave been sampled; Phleger cores remained unsampled.

In retrospect, the circumpolar survey begun by Eltanin in1962 was notably extended by the Islas Orcadas phase ofoperation. The final chapter of coring in the southern oceancannot be written, however, until the broad area of oceaneastward from the southern tip of Africa to Kerguelen Is-land has been cored by a U.S. national research vessel.

Curatorial duties have been supported by National Sci-ence Foundation contracts C-564 and C-1059. Coring oper-ations aboard ship were supported by National ScienceFoundation grants GV 42650, DPP 74-20109, DPP 75-20497,DPP 77-19360, and DPP 78-07183.

References

Cassidy, D. S., Ciesielski, P. F., Kaharoeddin, F. A., Wise, S. W., Jr.,and Zemmels, I. 1977. ARA Islas Orcadas cruise 0775 sedimentdescriptions (Contribution 45). Tallahassee: Florida State Uni-versity, Department of Geology, Sedimentology ResearchLaboratory.

Cassidy, D. S., and Shepley, S. 1977. Core recovery: USNS Eltanin andARA Islas Orcadas. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 12(4), 75-76.

Kaharoeddin, F. A. 1978. Am Islas Orcadas cruise 1176 sedimentdescriptions (Contribution 46). Tallahassee: Florida State Uni-versity, Department of Geology, Sedimentology ResearchLaboratory.

Kaharoeddin, F. A., Eggers, M. R., Goldstein, E. H., Graves, R. S.,Watkins, D. K., Bergen, J. A., and Jones, S. C. In preparation. AMIslas Orcadas cruise 1578 sediment descriptions (Contribution 48).Tallahassee: Florida State University, Department of Geology,Sedimentology Research Laboratory.

Kaharoeddin, F. A., Eggers, M. R., Graves, R. S., Goldstein, E. H.,Hattner, J . G., Jones, S. C., and Ciesielski, P. F. 1979. ARA IslasOrcadas cruise 1277 sediment descriptions (Contribution 47). Tal-lahassee: Florida State University, Department of Geology, Sedi-mentology Research Laboratory.

NOTE: Recovery totals for figures 1 and 2 do not include sediments recovered by the core cutter and/or corecatcher. These bagged sediments number approximately 500, of which 55 represent the total recovery at the coring station(equivalent to surface grab samples). Bagged sediments, described in the core description volumes, are available for sampling.

1980 REVIEW 229

SO'S 60'S 70'S 60*W40000 20' 40'60'E 700S

50W

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40'S

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Figure 3. Location map of all piston, trigger, and Phiegercores retrieved aboard ARA 161.. Orcadascruiee. 0775, 1176,1277,1578,and 1678.

Ship operations, Deep Freeze 80

CoMMANDER P. R. TAYLORU.S. COAST GUARD

U.S. Naval Support Force, AntarcticaPort Hueneme, California 93043

Three U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers operated in Antarc-tica during Deep Freeze 80. UscGc Polar Sea from Seattle,Washington, performed the channel break-in to McMurdo,escorted the USNS Maumee into Winter Quarters Bay, sup-ported science and provided transport for passengers andcargo enroute Ushuaia, Argentina, via Palmer Station, andsupported science in the Weddell Sea. UscGc Northwindfrom Wilmington, North Carolina, called at Campbell Is-land, supported Ross Sea science, and assisted with theMcMurdo icebreaking and channel tending. Usccc Glacierfrom Long Beach, California, supported Ross Sea science,

provided resupply ship assistance, towed the ice wharf tosea, and called at Campbell Island. The dry cargo ship USNS

Pvt. John R. Towle and tankship USNS Maumee provided thecargo and fuel resupply to McMurdo. The McMurdo ice-breaking and resupply ship operations were accomplishedas originally planned. There was no ship ice damage.

Ice conditions during the shipping season were generallylight. The Ross Sea was open water except for the westernarea extending south to Ross Island. A light band of pack,approximately 5 nautical miles wide, ran in a NNW/SSEdirection from Cape Bird to Beaufort Island and north,joining the ice pack in the western Ross Sea. The coastalarea west of Cape Adare was unusually light and open,which allowed Glacier to conduct an extensive bathymetryand piston coring program in this normally impregnablearea. The fast ice edge in McMurdo Sound extended northof Hut Point (McMurdo) 16.5 nautical miles in early Janu-ary. Neither Maumee nor Towle required an icebreaker es-cort through the Ross Sea or McMurdo Sound. Icebreakerescort through the channel was required. By 12 February,when McMurdo shifted to winter-over operation, all fastice had broken out and there was open water to the Ross Ice

230 ANTARCrIC JOURNAL