arab republic of egypt safeguarding … · 6.tools safeguarding workshop cairo 4-6 december 2017. 3...

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Safeguarding Workshop Cairo 4-6 December 2017

Arab Republic of EgyptMinistry of Civil AviationEgyptian Civil Aviation Authority

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Agenda :Agenda :

1. Safeguarding Definition and main purpose 2. Safeguarding Protection Areas3. Obstacles Definition and types4. Safeguarding Complex Surfaces5. Safeguarding Surfaces Types6. Tools


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1 – Safeguarding Definition and main purpose:1 – Safeguarding Definition and main purpose:According to the “Concise Oxford Dictionary”:

“Aerodrome” is a defined area where

aircraft can land, take-off, taxi or park,

which includes airfields, airports,

heliports, etc.

While “Safeguarding” means a proviso,

stipulation, quality or circumstance, that

tends to prevent something undesirable.

If we have a look at the two definitions from aviation view:

So we may say that “Aerodrome Safeguarding” means: provide the

necessary provisos, stipulations, quality & circumstances that tends to

prevent the aerodromes from becoming unusable.


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Define the airspace around aerodrome to be

maintained free from obstacles.

Prevent the aerodrome from becoming unusable

by the growth of obstacles around it.

1 – Safeguarding Definition and main purpose:1 – Safeguarding Definition and main purpose:


Main Rules :

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How could the above purposes be achieved?How could the above purposes be achieved?

These surfaces called obstacle

limitation surfaces (OLS)

This can be achieved by establishing a series of different surfaces that

define the limits to which objects may project safely into the airspace.



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Does having Obstacles limitation surfaces do all

protection required for aviation safety?.

NO

What are types of protection needed ?.



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Agenda :Agenda :



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2 – Safeguarding Protection Areas:2 – Safeguarding Protection Areas:

y

By preventing penetration of surfaces created

to identify their lower limits.

a. Protect Blocks of Air Through Which Aircraft Fly:


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By preventing reflections and diffractions of the

radio signals involved.


b. Protect the Integrity of Radar and Other Electronic Aids to Air Navigation :


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By preventing them from being obscured, or

preventing the installation of other lights which

could be confused for them


c. Protect Visual Aids, such as Approach Lighting and Runway Lighting:


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Agenda :Agenda :



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3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :

Definition

Obstacle


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According to the “Concise Oxford Dictionary”:

“Obstacle ” is something that makes it difficult for you to go

somewhere or to do something

In Aviation language :

“Obstacle ” is something that makes it difficult for you to apply

safety regulation on land (safeguarding area) or in air (blocks of air),

3 – Obstacles Definition and types :3 – Obstacles Definition and types :Obstacles TypesObstacles TypesObstacles Definition


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1. any object that located on an

area intended for the surface

movement of aircraft, or

Obstacle Restriction AreaAs ( strip-RESA-approach,…..

Obstacles

3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :Obstacles TypesObstacles DefinitionObstacles Definition


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2. any object that extend above a

defined surface intended to protect

aircraft in flight; or

Obstacle Limitation Surfaces

Obstacles



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3. any object that stand outside those defined surfaces and that have been assessed as being a hazard to air navigation.

Obstacle Limitation Surfaces

Obstacles



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?Should any object in the “Obstacle Restriction Area (such as runway strips, runway end safety areas, clearways…)”

be considered an obstacle and has to be removed?

The answer is: No

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3 – Obstacles Definition and types :3 – Obstacles Definition and types :


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Why no:

According to ICAO there are some elements that is acceptable to be an obstacle : only under two reasons,

• If it is there for aviation purposes.• If In the opinion of the CAA it should be there.

But in all cases it must be under specified condition and with specifications listed in ICAO Annex's and documentation

3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :3 – Obstacles Definition and typs :


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Agenda :Agenda :



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4 - Safeguarding Complex Surfaces:4 - Safeguarding Complex Surfaces:The significance of any existing or proposed object within

the aerodrorme boundary or in the vicinity of the aerodrome is assessed by use of two separate sets of criteria defining airspace requirement's.

1. The first comprises the obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS)

Particular to a runway and its intended use detailed In Chapter 4 of Annex 14 - Aerodromes.

Defines the limits to which objects may project safely into the airspace.


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2. The second set of criteria comprises the surfacesdescribed in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services(Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc 8168], Volume II

– Construction of Visual and Instrument FlightProcedures)

– The PANS-OPS surfaces are intended for use byprocedure designers for the construction of instrumentflight procedures and for:

Specifying minimum safe altitudes/heights for eachsegment of the procedure.

4 - Safeguarding Complex Surfaces:4 - Safeguarding Complex Surfaces:


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• The surfaces of Annex 14 are intended to be of a permanent nature.

• To be effective, they should therefore be enacted in local zoning laws or as part of a national planning consultation scheme.

• The surfaces established should allow not only existing operations but also the ultimate future development for each aerodrome.



• There may be a need to restrict obstacles in areas other than those covered by Annex14 if operational minima calculated using the PANS-OPS criteria are not, to be increased, thereby limiting aerodrome utilization.

Safeguarding Workshop Cairo 4-6 December 2017 23


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Agenda :Agenda :



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1 OLS Surfaces .

3 Navigation Aid surfaces.

2 PANS-OPS surfaces.

5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :


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Note

OLS = “Obstacle Limitation Surfaces”

(defined airspace around aerodromes to be maintained free from obstacles so as to permit the intended aeroplane

operations at the aerodromes to be conducted safely and to prevent the aerodromes from becoming unusable by the

growth of obstacles )



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OLS = “Obstacle Limitation Surfaces”

b Requirement Based on the Intended Use of Use of the Runway”

a Obstacles Limitation Surfaces

5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :Nav. –Aids SurfacesNav. –Aids SurfacesPANS‐OPSPANS‐OPSOLS Surfaces FactorsFactors


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1 Approach Surface.

2 Take-off Climb Surface

3 Transitional Surface

4 Inner Approach Surface

5 Inner Transitional Surface

6 Balked Landing Surface

7 Inner Horizontal Surface

8 ( )Outer Horizontal Surface

(OHS)

9 Conical Surface


1‐ Surfaces

2 ‐ Requirements2 ‐ Requirements


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1‐ Surfaces1‐ Surfaces

2 ‐ Requirements


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a OLS Surfaces .

c Navigation Aid surfaces.

b PANS-OPS surfaces.



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PANS = “Procedures for Air Navigation Services ”

b Definition and Purpose

c PANS-OPS surface

a Introduction

5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :Nav. –Aids SurfacesNav. –Aids SurfacesPANS‐OPSOLS SurfacesOLS Surfaces FactorsFactors


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'The PANS-OPS surfaces are intended for use by procedure designers primarily in the construction of instrument flight procedures which are designed to safeguard an aeroplane from collision with obstacles when flying on instruments. In designing procedures the designer will determine areas (horizontally) needed for various segments of the procedure.



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PANS-OPS Surfaces is:

• A visual extension of an

instrument approach

procedure.

• The size of the area for a

visual maneuvering (circling)

varies with the flight speed.



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In PANS-OPS Surfaces

It is permissible to eliminate

from consideration a particular

sector where a prominent

obstacle exists by – establishing

appropriate operative of

procedures.



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5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :Nav. –Aids SurfacesPANS‐OPSPANS‐OPSOLS SurfacesOLS Surfaces FactorsFactors

1 Radar

2 ILS

3 VOR

4 Microwave lines


5 Control Tower

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1‐ Radar

2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR

4 ‐ Microwave4 ‐ Microwave

Nav. –Aids SurfacesPANS‐OPSPANS‐OPSOLS SurfacesOLS Surfaces FactorsFactors

Primary/Secondary radar:

• A Circle of radius 500m from radar center, should be free of any construction,

• A circle of radius 930m from radar center, shouldn’t contain any metal surfaces


5 – Control Tower5 – Control Tower

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1‐ Radar

2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR



Primary/Secondary/Ground radar – Sensors:

• Prohibited to establish any Electricity stations or any equipment produces any electromagnetic waves affect the performance of radar within a radius of three to five kilometers and its center point coordinates radar antenna



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1‐ Radar1‐ Radar

2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR



pp

Basic ILS surfaces:

The “basic ILS surfaces defined in PANS-OPS represent the simplest form of protection for ILS operations.

These surfaces are extensions of certain Annex 14 surfaces, referenced to threshold level throughout and modified after the threshold to protect the instrument missed approach.



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2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR



Basic ILS surfaces: cont.

The airspace bounded by the basic ILS surfaces is however usually too conservative and therefore another set of surfaces is required



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Obstacle assessment surfaces:The obstacle assessment surfaces (OAS)

establish a volume of airspace, inside which it is assumed the flight paths of aero planes making ILS approaches and subsequent missed approaches will be contained with sufficiently high Probability.



2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR





Basic VOR :.The VOR shall provide signals such as to permit satisfactory operation of a typical aircraft installation at the levels and distances required for

operational reasons,• Establishment of any

facilities is Prohibits in a radius of 600 meters from the center of beacon VOR traditional

Basic VOR :.The VOR shall provide signals such as to permit satisfactory operation of a typical aircraft installation at the levels and distances required for

operational reasons,• Establishment of any

facilities is Prohibits in a radius of 600 meters from the center of beacon VOR traditional

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2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR





Basic VOR :.• May establish facilities is just outside the metal

constituencies specified above and even within a radius of 1,000 meters of Engineering Center




2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR




Doppler VOR :.• Establishment of any facilities

is Prohibits in a radius of 300 meters from the center of beacon VOR traditional

• May establish facilities is just outside the metal constituencies specified above and even within a radius of 1,000 meters of Engineering Center

Doppler VOR is more resistant to multipath interference than conventional VOR and may be used to provide acceptable performance on more challenging multipath sites

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2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR





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2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR

4 ‐ Microwave


Microwave Landing System (MLS)

1. The MLS provides precision navigation guidance for exact alignment and descent of aircraft on approach to a runway. It provides azimuth, elevation, and distance.2. Both lateral and vertical guidance may be displayed on conventional course deviation indicators or incorporated into multipurpose cockpit displays. Range information can be displayed by conventional DME indicators and also incorporated into multipurpose displays.



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2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR

4 ‐ Microwave


1-1-11. Microwave Landing System (MLS)

3. The MLS supplements the ILS as the standard landing system in the some countries for civil, military, and international civil aviation.

4. The system may be divided into five functions:

(a) Approach azimuth;(b) Back azimuth;(c) Approach elevation;(d) Range; and(e) Data communications.






2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR



The effective provision of airport control service requires a clear and unobstructed view of the entire movement area of an airport and of air traffic in the vicinity of the airport. 5 – Control Tower




2‐ ILS2‐ ILS

3 ‐ VOR3 ‐ VOR



The airport control tower shouldtherefore be so located and be of such a height that aprons, taxiways, runways and the airspace surrounding the airport, particularly approach and departure areas, are clearly visible from the control room and that future developments of the maneuvering area or future construction of buildings would not restrict this view5‐ Control Tower

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Factors affecting calculation of max. allowed height.

Factors affecting Obstacles Limitation Surfaces’ shape

5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :5 - Safeguarding Surfaces Types :Nav. –Aids SurfacesNav. –Aids SurfacesPANS‐OPSPANS‐OPSOLS SurfacesOLS Surfaces Factors

Factors affecting Navigation Aids Surfaces’ shape


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a One runway

b More than one runway..


1‐ OLS Factors

2 – Nav. Aids Factors


3 –Calculations Factors



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A‐ One Runway1‐ OLS Factors






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B‐ More tan One Runway1‐ OLS Factors






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1 Radar Type.

2 VOR Type


1‐ OLS Factors1‐ OLS Factors





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1 Type of Radar






Primary/Secondary radar:

• A Circle of radius 500m from radar center, should be free of any construction,

• A circle of radius 930m from radar center, shouldn’t contain any metal surfaces

• Outer surface of three to five Km around Radar and designed slop of protection


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2 Type of VOR






Basic VOR :• Protection surface of radius 600m from center

Dabbler VOR: • Protection surface of radius 300m from center


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Agenda :Agenda :



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1 Degree of aerodrome.

3 Nearest Navigation Aid .

2 The altitude difference between runways







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4Possible future development of an instrument runway

6 Objects that could become Obstacles

5 Existing objects in take – off climb surfaces:







To apply Annexes and Documentation must have:

• National Law

• National Regulation

• Monitoring System

• equipment

6 – Tools :6 – Tools :


arab republic of egypt safeguarding … · 6.tools safeguarding workshop cairo 4-6 december 2017. 3...

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