March 15, 2011

www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com

OBJECTIVES

ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller commissioned Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) in October 2010 to carry out the survey among Arab national and expatriate youth aged 18-24 in 10 Middle East countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait), Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and, for the first time, Iraq.

The research was designed to uncover country differences and common trends, looking at concerns and priorities such as:

• Attitudes towards democracy• Attitudes towards democracy

• Economic and social concerns

• Attitudes to foreign relations

• Personal and social values

• Attitudes towards education

• Perceptions of future careers

• Access to technology

• Social media networking

• Media consumption trends

OBJECTIVES

The timeline below is a brief summary of events leading up to the Arab Youth Survey

2010. Protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other countries in the region post-date 2010

fieldwork:

Tunisia Tunisia

protests protests

Timeline of events

surrounding AYS 2010

Failed printer Failed printer

cartridge bomb plot cartridge bomb plot

WikiLeaksWikiLeaks

releases releases

diplomatic diplomatic cablescables

Protests begin in Protests begin in

Bahrain, Yemen Bahrain, Yemen

and Omanand Oman

Qatar win Qatar win

World Cup World Cup

2022 bid 2022 bid

US combat US combat

officially ends in officially ends in

Iraq, turning to Iraq, turning to

advisory role advisory role protests protests

Egyptian Egyptian

Parliamentary Parliamentary

electionselections

Egypt Egypt

protestsprotests

AYS AYS

Dec 2010Dec 2010/ /

Jan Jan 20112011

and Omanand Oman

FebruaryFebruarySeptemberSeptember OctoberOctober NovemberNovember JanuaryJanuaryDecemberDecember

advisory role advisory role

Supporters of Supporters of

the Muslim the Muslim

Brotherhood Brotherhood

arrested in arrested in

EgyptEgypt

Saudi Saudi

Regulator Regulator

closes websites closes websites

for violating for violating

Royal Decree Royal Decree

Ahmadinejad Ahmadinejad

visits visits LebanonLebanon

Egyptian Egyptian

Parliamentary Parliamentary

elections elections ((second second

round)round)

Serious unrest in Serious unrest in

Libya beginsLibya begins

Quotas were applied to: Male 60% Female 40%Gender -

METHODOLOGY

PSB conducted 2,000 interviews face-to-face* among respondents aged 18-24 from December

27, 2010-January 20, 2011. The table explains the country by country breakdown of the

respondents.

* 2008 research was conducted by Nielsen using an online methodology.

Both 2009 and 2010 research was conducted face-to-face.

UAE Oman Qatar Bahrain KSA Kuwait Egypt Jordan Lebanon Iraq

N=250 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=150

Nationals / Expats

= 50 / 50

Exclusively

Nationals

Nationals /

Expats

= 50 / 50

Exclusively

Nationals

Nationals /

Expats

= 75 / 25

Nationals /

Expats

= 75 / 25

Exclusively

Nationals

Exclusively

Nationals

Exclusively

Nationals

Exclusively

Nationals

Dubai – 40%Muscat – 50% Doha – 55%

Manama – 100%

Jeddah – 40% Kuwait City -20% Cairo – 50% Amman – 50% East Beirut – 40%Baghdad (50%)

Sharjah – 20% Riyadh – 40% Al Hawalli – 30th Alexandria – 25% Irbid – 25% West Beirut – 40% Irbil (25%)

Abu Dhabi –40%

Batinah – 50%Al Rayyan – 45% Dammam – 20%

Al Ahmadi – 20%Mansoura – 25% Zarqa – 25% Tripoli – 20% Basrah (25%)Al Farwaniya –

30%

Quotas for each market - New in

2010

TOP TEN FINDINGS

1. An enduring desire for democracy

2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living

3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern

4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook

5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries

6.6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business

7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence

8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news

9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence

10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship

AN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACYAN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACY

How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)

Among All

THE MOST IMPORTANT

66 67 68

62

74

60 60

76

60 6065 64 64 62 62 62 61 60 60

92

65

7772

76 77 76

63

76

• Living in a democratic country remains the most important priority.

• The importance of democracy has increased significantly in the past few months.

Living in a

democratic

country

Living in a safe

neighbourhood

Maintaining a

close relationship

with family

Being paid a fair

wage

Being able to get

married/start a

family

Living without fear

of terrorism

Being able to find

a job

Having good

infrastructure

Having the

opportunities to

excel in my career

50

62 60 606055

60

5257 55

51

62 62 62 61 60 60

2008 2009 2010 2011

7266 65 65 64 63 62 61 6060 58

5559

56 5662

80

• 4 in 5 for those in non-GCC countries consider the most important issue to be living in a

democratic country.

• For those in the GCC, living in a safe neighbourhood and close relationships with family are

key.

How important are each of the following to you?

(% very important)

THE MOST IMPORTANT

4955 56 56

Maintaining a

close

relationship

with family

Living in a safe

neighbourhood

Living without

fear of terrorism

Being able to

find a job

Being able to

get

married/start a

family

Having the

opportunities to

excel in my

career

Having good

infrastructure

Being paid a fair

wage

Living in a

democratic

country

GCC Non GCC

78

85

75

9289

8075 7373

84

91

78

• Nine in ten young Iraqis believe that living in a democracy is very important. There is also a

strong call for it in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain.

• In Bahrain, it is particularly important for youth to be able to have a family.

How important are each of the following to you?

(% very important)

THE MOST IMPORTANT

78

67

52

68

52

34

58

75

33

66

59

5151

61

51

67

75

61

70

5256

65

73

66

73

5249

46

70

57 57

71

61

78

Living in a democratic country Living in a safe neighbourhood Maintaining a close relationship

with my family

Being paid a fair wage

Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT

RISING COST OF LIVING RISING COST OF LIVING

THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE

Overall young people in the

Middle East see the region’s

biggest challenge as the rising

cost of living. This is most

pronounced in the Gulf

countries. Unemployment,

human rights and the economy

follow behind. Young people in

non-Gulf countries are more

48%

34%

26%

24%

20%

20%

17%

54

36

26

28

17

20

19

39

32

26

19

24

20

13

Rising cost of living

Unemployment

Human rights

The economy

The gap between the rich and the poor

Dangers of drugs

Corruption in government and public life

concerned with the gap

between the rich and the poor.

Which of the following would you say is the

biggest challenge facing the Middle East today?

Among All

17%

17%

16%

15%

13%

13%

13%

12%

12%

11%

20

14

19

15

15

15

12

11

14

11

13

14

21

12

15

11

11

14

12

10

12

The loss of traditional values and culture

Opportunities for women

Personal debt

The quality of education in schools

Middle East conflicts

International conflicts

Crime / law and order

Shortage of affordable housing

Climate change and the environment

Reliable electricity supply

Among All GCC Non GCC

GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OF

INCREASING CONCERNINCREASING CONCERN

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• As well as being the biggest challenge, the rising cost of

living is also the primary concern for youth across the

region. There has been a sharp increase in concern over the

rise of Islamist movements which is in tandem with a rising

interest in democracy in the region.

• Unemployment remains one of the key concerns, while the

rich/poor divide is an increasing concern.

Among All

How concerned would you say you are

about each of the following issues?

(% very concerned)

+10 +9

Added in 2010

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Concerns over the rise in the cost of living and unemployment

are constants throughout the Arab world, but other issues are of

greater concern to those outside the wealthy Gulf states (GCC)

• Those in non-GCC countries are most concerned about the role of

Islam in political life. HIV/Aids, access to clean water and the

growing wealth gap Among All

How concerned would you say you are

about each of the following issues?

(% very concerned)

77

45 45

6363

77

56

47

58 5957 57

5350

46 4649

71

6063

55

45

68

5653

46 47

58 58

5350

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Those in Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain are the most concerned about the rise in cost of

living. In Egypt, standard of living and unemployment are also of concern, providing the

backdrop on which to view January and February’s protests.

How concerned would you say you are

about each of the following issues? Top 5

(% very concerned)

45

33

4340

33

45

13

3531

25

47

16

35

41

25

43

34

21

38

24

4642

46 4546 4744

Rising cost of living Access to clean water The gap between the rich

and the poor

Unemployment Standard of living in your

country of residence

Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC

RECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOKRECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

GENERAL OUTLOOK• Overall, the majority of Arab youth feel that their country is going in the right direction. Young people in

the GCC countries are more likely to believe that their country is heading in the right direction, though

there has been a positive uplift in non-GCC countries.

• Young Qataris feel most positive about their country’s direction, likely helped by winning the 2022 World

Cup.

• Egypt and Lebanon remain the most negative about their countries. This could be attributed to the slow

recovery from the recession, and from concerns about how to bridge the gap between the rising cost of

living and unemployment.

Thinking about the last five years, do you

think things in your country of residence

are going in the right direction or are

66 61

Right Direction

Among All

are going in the right direction or are

they going in the wrong direction?

* Iraq added for 2010 data

% Right direction

11 13

23 27

2009 2010

Right Direction

Wrong Direction

Don't know

ECONOMIC RECOVERY

• In Gulf countries, there is a stronger belief that their countries have recovered from the economic crisis.

• Three quarters of young people in Qatar believe their country has completely recovered from the

economic downturn. More than half feel the same in Kuwait.

• In Jordan and Iraq, over 9 in 10 say they have partially recovered, but that there is still a way to go. One

year on from the Dubai World Default, one third of youth in UAE believe the country has fully recovered

but two thirds believe recovery is only partial at this stage.

• Youth in Egypt and Lebanon are least positive about their country’s recovery. Young people are divided

between seeing a partial recovery and none at all.

Do you believe your country of residence has

recovered from the economic downturn?

EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF

STATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIESSTATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES

EDUCATION

• There is a split among youth in the region on entering further education.

• Nine out of ten in UAE plan to go into further education in the future, while almost equal numbers in

Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan do not, reflecting the split between GCC and non-GCC markets.

48%46%

6%

Yes

No

Do you plan on going onto further education?

Among those in full-time education

+3

-6

48%46% No

Don't know

+3

Red box shows change from 2009

INCREASING PREFERENCE TO WORK IN

PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START

OWN BUSINESS

FUTURE CAREERS

• The number of young people preferring to work for the government has declined slightly this

year. It is particularly low in Egypt. The private sector has appeal in Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and

Egypt.

• In the Gulf, there is a greater appeal for government jobs Would you prefer to work for the

Government or the private sector?

Among All

43 47

46 40Government

Private Sector

No preference

1 210 11

43 47

2009 2010

No preference

Don't know

1 410 13

37

64

5219

GCC Non GCC

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• Half of 18-24 years olds in the region intend to start their own business in the next five years. Primarily

those in KSA, Oman and UAE carry the most entrepreneurial spirit.

• However, Egyptian youth are the least likely to see the potential of owning their own business and Iraqis

are unsure of their intention, potentially as a result of the current climate.

• There is a greater interest in starting a business in GCC countries and among Expats.

51%

17%Yes

Do you intend to start your own business

within the next five years? Among All

51%

32%

No

Don't know

9066 64 53 53 48 37 33 29 29

6232

50 58

1026

16 38 4325 44 43 61

9

26

4133 26

9 20 9 427 19 24

10

61

1226 17 17

KSA Oman UAE Qatar Bahrain Kuwait Jordan Lebanon Egypt Iraq GCC Non GCC Nationals Expats

INTERNET MAKES MORE INROADS,

WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING

IN INFLUENCE

INTERNET USAGE

• Daily usage of the internet has grown overall this year. While under 3 in 5 used the Internet

daily in 2009, now 80% use it on a daily basis.

• Internet usage is equal in GCC and non-GCC countries.

How often do you generally use the Internet?

(% Daily)

Among All

80%80%2010

2010 (% Daily)

80%80%

56%56%

2010

2009

INTERNET USAGE

• The main online activities among Arab youth involve

listening to music and social networking.

• Online social networking has increased by almost a

third in the past 12 months and now almost one in

five read blogs, reflecting the power of this medium in

the region at the moment.

61 59

66

60

What do you do when

you are online?

Among All +28%

3237

3127

32 32

1815

5

29

16 14

22

9

44 42

33

26 25 23 21 20 18 18

12 11 106

2009 2010

+13%

INTERNET USAGE

• Social networking is most popular in Iraq and Egypt.

In Egypt this supports the widespread use of social

media during the protests.

83

What do you do when

you are online?

Among All

83

72 69 67 6459 57 55

49

36

2515 18

2516 17 17 19

1118

613 12 9 9 13 10 12 14 10

Iraq Egypt Kuwait Jordan Bahrain Qatar Oman Lebanon UAE KSA

Social networking Read blogs Blogging

TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND

TRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWSTRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWS

Where do you get your news?

Among All

6019

11

3

In your opinion what is the

most trusted source of news?

Among All

TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET

• Television and newspapers are the most popular news sources. TV news channels are the

most trusted overall, particularly in Qatar. Trust is low in Kuwait and Egypt, but lowest in

Bahrain.

• Trust is highest in TV news channels, particularly in Qatar.

Newspapers

Websites

Other

6019

85

72

72

71

71

58

55

45

44

25

Qatar

Iraq

Lebanon

Jordan

KSA

UAE

Oman

Kuwait

Egypt

Bahrain

TV news

channels

TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT,

WHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCEWHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCE

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Traditional values and their preservation for future generations are extremely

important across the whole region, in both the GCC and non-GCC countries. The

feeling is particularly acute in Iraq and Bahrain.

Which of the following is closest to your view?

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Parents continue to have the most influence on life outlook for Arab youth in the

region.

• Family and friends have also increased as an influence.

How far would you say each of the following

influence you and your outlook on life?

(% very influential)

Among All

VALUES AND INFLUENCE

• Religion is more influential in GCC countries. The immediate impact of parents,

family and friends has greater resonance in the non-GCC countries.

81

70

79

87

7773

How far would you say each of the following

influence you and your outlook on life?

(% very influential)

Among All

52

35

43

3639

33 34 35

29

5045

22

30

19 21 20 18 16

GCC Non GCC

INCREASE IN POSITIVE PERCEPTION OF

GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE

OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

How favourable are you to the following countries?

(% Very favourable)

FOREIGN RELATIONS

• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on

favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.

United

KingdomFrance

How favourable are you to the following countries?

(% Very favourable)

FOREIGN RELATIONS

• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on

favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.

69

23

1 5 29 12

3626

17

I have travelled abroad

this year

I have not yet travelled

abroad this year, but am

planning to

I have no interest in

travelling abroad

I am planning to travel

abroad in the next

couple of years

I would like to travel

abroad, but currently

cannot afford It

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

How important is the idea of global citizenship -

the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic,

religious or national background - to you?

(% very important)

• The concept of global citizenship is increasingly important for many 18-24 year olds in the region,

particularly in Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Iraq.

• UAE, Bahrain and Egypt place less importance on the notion in comparison to last year.

• Non GCC countries are more committed to the idea of global citizenship.

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

• Global citizenship is less important in Bahrain and KSA. Just under half of young people in Bahrain

consider the idea to be important – the lowest number in the region.

How important is the idea of global citizenship -

the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic,

religious or national background - to you?

(% very important)

UPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTSUPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTS

TOP 5 FINDINGS

1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability

2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate

3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo

4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact

5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-looking

Methodology: Following unrest in the Middle East in January 2011, Penn Schoen Berland (PSB)

conducted an additional 500 interviews in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq. Interviews

were conducted among Arab national youth aged 18-24. Fieldwork was conducted between

February 26-March 5, 2011, in capital cities.

IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER

THAN EVER – BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY

• It is clear that living in a democratic country and domestic stability are important to young

people. Living without fear of terrorism has grown in importance.

• While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues

like family, being able to find a job, and having access to credit.

77

61 61 61 61 60 59 59 58 56 56 55 54 54 5349

92 89

6572

76 75 77

65 64

77 76 77 76

60 63

73 7568

5849

Jan. 2011

MOST IMPORTANT

How important are each of the following

to you?

(% very important)

Among All

56 56 55 54 54 5349 47

43 4149

Feb. 2011

Added in Feb. 2011

MOST IMPORTANT

How important are each of the following to you? Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

Living in a democratic country 92 90 100 89 89

Domestic Stability 89 100 100 88 100

Having access to the best universities 55 85 70 47 74

Being paid a fair wage 86 69 75 57 70

Being able to get married and start a family 84 89 82 53 79

Having access to reliable healthcare 95 86 81 48 61

Owning my own home 83 96 82 58 68

Living in a safe neighbourhood 78 65 65 55 59

Having access to high speed internet 55 86 75 55 70

Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76

Being able to find a job 86 84 83 65 61

Maintaining a close relationship with my family 84 90 95 55 69

Having the opportunities to excel in my career 71 85 86 47 75

Being able to afford luxuries 39 70 69 48 74

Having good infrastructure like electricity, clean

water, safe roads79 68 54 42 70

Ensuring equal rights/opportunities for women 80 87 73 52 73

Readily available credit from banks to start a

business68 90 90 38 71

Opportunities to emigrate 62 79 88 33 72

Preserving traditional values 52 72 49 55 60

Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want 37 66 47 35 62

Denotes biggest increase

from Jan. 2011 Note: Low bases, data is directional

CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING, CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING,

AND CORRUPTION, CONTINUES TO ESCALATE

62

54 53

7972

67

56 56

64 6670

62 6559

54

6662

4753

4855 56 54 54

5952

CONCERNS FOR 2011

• Unsurprisingly, political and economic issues are a growing concern for young people.

Increasingly corruption in government and lack of political franchise are a concern.

Nevertheless, a desire to preserve traditional values endures.

• Since January, there has been an increase in concerns about healthcare, housing and law and

order. How concerned would you say you are

about each of the following issues?

(% very concerned)

Among All

54 5346 44 44 43 43 42 42

3934 34 34 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 26 24 24

42 41 43

5447

5348

54 54 52

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Added in Feb. 2011

INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC

STATUS QUO

Thinking about the last five years, do you

think things in your country of residence

are going in the right direction or are

3866

122

Don't know

Wrong Direction

Right Direction

Among All

COUNTRY’S DIRECTION

• Currently, there is a belief that their country of residence is heading in the wrong direction,

with a sharp decline in Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq among those who see the country

as heading in the right direction.

• There has been little change in the direction in which young Egyptians see their country as

heading.

5038

68

35

55 57

31 33 38

19

4126

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011

are going in the right direction or are

they going in the wrong direction?

% Right direction 5031

Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011

Right Direction

Thinking about the last couple of

months, do you think things in your

country of residence are going in the

right direction or are they going in the

wrong direction?

COUNTRY’S DIRECTION

• Egyptians are most likely to see their country heading in the right direction in the long term,

potentially reflecting the time that has elapsed since the large-scale protests.

28 36 31 29 3213

28

51

2310

27

27

43

12

4661

3860

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

Right direction at the moment Right direction in the long term Wrong direction Don’t know

SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS

BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT

Do you believe these protests will have a

positive or negative impact in the lives of

the people in your country?

IMPACT OF PROTESTS

8 13 8 3 7 8

• Three in four see the protests as having a positive impact in the lives of the people. Young

people in Egypt are the most positive, and least negative overall.

74 79 77 76 73 66

18 8 15 21 2026

8 13 8 8

Among All Egypt Bahrain Jordan Iraq Lebanon

Don't know

Negative

Positive

9489

938990 91

How much do you support or not

support the protests in..?

Very supportive

SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS

• Young people are supportive of the protests in all the regions. Support is lowest among youth

in Bahrain, where they support the protests in their own countries, but are less supportive of

others.

• Support overall is lowest regarding events in Yemen.

81 8178

7471

94

66 69 69

52

8580 79

76

7581

8993

8289

66

90

59 61

51

79 80

91

8186

Egypt Bahrain Tunisia Libya Yemen

Among all Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

75

75

66

63

17

14

23

30

6

7

8

5

3

4

4

1

Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative

impact in the lives of the people in your country?

SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS• Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders.

• Strongest disagreement comes from the shutting down of the internet and communications

services during the protests, and the use of military to control them.

The calls for Qaddafi

to step down in Libya

The resignation of President Mubarak

Yemeni president declaring that

he will not seek another term in office

The resignation of

President Ben Ali of Tunisia 63

62

61

60

50

20

17

8

30

28

28

20

24

13

24

6

5

7

8

10

12

14

27

9

1

3

3

10

14

53

32

78

Agree a lot Agree somewhat

Disagree somewhat Disagree a lot

President Ben Ali of Tunisia

A call for constitutional

reforms in Bahrain

King Abdullah’s dismissal of

the Jordanian Cabinet and Prime Minister

The protests represent the views

of the citizens of these countries

President Bashir of Sudan announcing

he will not seek another term

The use of police and the

military to control the protests

The protesters represent the views of

only a minority in these countries

Shutting down of Internet/ comm. services

by the gov’t during the recent protests

75 75

6663 62 61 60

50

68

82

53

77

48

55

64 63

8386

83

83

7376

70

91

74

67

61 615757 59 57

54

7774

79

6670

72

56

65

SUPPORT OF PROTESTS

How far do you agree or disagree with

the following?

Agree a lot

• It is clear that young people are supportive of the resignation of Mubarak, Gaddafi, the

Yemeni President, and Ben Ali, and they see the protests as representing the views of the

people. In Bahrain, this support is less pronounced.

50

2017

8

5348

22

5

20

44

1924

1

44

38

26

20

10

47 47

40 39

28

13

57

24

3

Resignation of

President

Mubarak of

Egypt

Calls for

Gaddafi to

step down in

Libya

Yemeni

president

declaring he

will not seek

another term

Resignation of

President Ben

Ali of Tunisia

Call for

constitutional

reforms in

Bahrain

King Abdulla's

dismissal of

Jordanian

Cabinet and

PM

Protests

represent the

views of the

citizens of

these

countries

Pres. Bashir of

Sudan

announcing he

will not seek

another term

Use of police

and the

military to

control the

protests

Protesters

represent the

views of only a

minority

Shutting down

of internet/

comms

services by

gov't during

protests

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

86

79 7774

71

8680 85

82

98

8893

8089

7275

68

81

97

8076

72

8076

73

80

68

92

8176

8075 73

70

• The desire for greater democracy is seen as the biggest contributing factor to the protests

overall, and in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. In Bahrain, in particular, the economic

downturn is a cause, though economic issues resonate across all markets.

• In Jordan and Lebanon, foreign influence in the region is seen to have been impactful.

Thinking about the recent protests in the

region, what do you believe contributed to

these situations in the Middle East?

Very influential

CAUSE OF PROTESTS

7166 65

61 5954

58

64 63 62

36

53

7268

56

72

62 6056

68

5356

52 54 52

46

27

48

62

56

70

52

Desire for

greater

democracy

Economic

downturn

Unemployment Reaction

against

corruption in

public life

Rising cost of

living

Standard of

living in your

country of

residence

Desire for

greater human

rights

The gap

between the

rich and the

poor

Foreign

influence in the

region

The loss of

traditional

values and

culture

Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

47

74

4042

40

• The majority have not participated in anti-Government protests, but they either know people

who have or have participated in other ways.

Which of the following apply to you?

ROLE IN PROTESTS

31 31

2220

15

21 2326

15

35

21

11

16

711

3 47

40

10

31

42

27

22

29

40

10

21

I have not been involved in the

anti-Government street protests

but I know people who have

Though I have not participated

in the anti-Government street

protests, I have participated in

other ways

I read/posted messages about it

on Facebook (or other social

networking site like Orkut or

Friendster)

I have participated in the anti-

Government street protests

I read/posted videos about it on

YouTube

Base Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq

POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL

AND FORWARD-LOOKING

26

3

29

19

33

16

12

62Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Liberal Centre Conservative No political views

20 36 19 25Jan. 2011

POLITICAL VIEWS

• Young people have become increasingly politicised since the unrest. They are either

increasingly liberal in their outlook, or less apathetic.

Egypt

67

12

27

10

67

46

72

26

17

24

35

29

12

42

17

62

15

63

26

12

19

10

10

5

1

1

12

49

2

2

1

7

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

51

20

22

36

20

19

6

25

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Iraq

Lebanon

Jordan

Bahrain

82 18Jan. 2011

87

85

13

15

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Traditional values mean a lot to me, and ought to be preserved for generations to come.

Traditional values are out-dated and belong in the past. I am keen to embrace modern values and beliefs.

TRADITIONAL VALUES

• Traditional values endure, but there has been a movement toward embracing modern values

and beliefs. This is particularly acute in Lebanon and Iraq.

Egypt

71

82

29

18

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

58

94

90

91

48

85

71

71

42

6

10

9

52

15

29

29

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Feb. 2011

Jan. 2011

Iraq

Lebanon

Jordan

Bahrain

SUMMARY: TOP FINDINGS

1. An enduring desire for democracy

2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living

3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern

4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook

5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab

countries

1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but

so is desire for stability

2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption,

continues to escalate

3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo

4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in

2010 2011

6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to

start own business

7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in

influence

8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news

9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in

influence

10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of

global citizenship

their positive impact

5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-

looking

March 15, 2011

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