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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 2/23

Architecture 324

Structures II

Reinforced Concrete - WSD

Material Proerties

Stress in !ea"s

Transfor"ed Sections

Analysis #y $S%

%esign #y $S%

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 3/23

Constituents of Concrete

Sand Aggregate

Ce"ent $ater

li"estone aggregate

& '()*

& 3/+* aggregate

ine aggregate

-Sand.

'/0*

Photos1 CC1!SA 4"adra5o -6i7iedia.

htt1//creativeco""ons(org/licenses/#ysa/3(8/

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 0/23

Ce"ent Tyes Type 1

nor"al ortland ce"ent( Tye ' is a

general usece"ent(

Type 2

is used for structures in 6ater or soil

containing "oderate a"ounts of sulfate,

or 6hen heat #uildu is a concern(

Type 3

high early strength( Used 6hen high

strength are desired at very early eriods( Type 4

lo heatortland ce"ent( Used 6here the

a"ount and rate of heat generation "ust

#e 7et to a "ini"u"(

Type !

Sulfate resistantortland ce"ent( Used6here 6ater or soil is high in al7ali(

Tyes IA, IIA and IIIA are ce"ents used to

"a7e air-entrainedconcrete(

Constituents of Concrete

Sand Aggregate $ater

Ce"ent 9i"estone Ce"ent roc7 Clay Iron ore

: -after firing and grinding. gysu"

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide )/23

$or7a#ility

Measured #y the inches of ;slu"* of

a "olded cone of fresh "i

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide >/23

?einforcing

rade B ield strength gr( 08 is 08 7si

gr( >8 is >8 7si

Si5e in '/+ inch incre"ents 0 is D inch dia(

> is E inch dia(

%efor"ation Patterns add to #ond 6ith concrete

Sacing #et6een #ars

!ar dia"eter

'*

)/0 < "a< agg(

#et6een layers'*

coverage3* against soil

'()*2* e

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide @/23

Curing

Strength increases 6ith age( The

;design* strength is 2+ days(

Source1 Portland Ce"ent Association

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide +/23

Strength Measure"ent

Co"ressive strength

= '2** cylinder= 2+ day "oist cure= Ulti"ate -failure. strength

Tensile strength= '2** cylinder

= 2+ day "oist cure= Ulti"ate -failure. strength= Slit cylinder test= Ca( '8H to 28H of fc

'

c

f

'

tf

Photos1 Source1 J#@8 -6i7iedia.

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide K/23

oungs Modulus

%eends on density and strength

or nor"al -'00 PC. concrete

4

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '8/23

le

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide ''/23

le8

Transfor"ed Section= Steel is converted to eLuivalent

concrete(

c

s

E

En =

Source1 University of Michigan, %eart"ent of Architecture

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '2/23

le

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '3/23

'( Assu"e the section iscrac7ed to the N(A(

2( %eter"ine thetransfor"ation ratio, n

3( Transfor" the area ofsteel to eLuivalentconcrete, nAs

4

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '0/23

0( Calculate the N(A( usingthe #alanced tensionand co"ression tosolve for

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide ')/23

)( Calculate thetransfor"ed Mo"entof Inertia(

4

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '>/23

>( Calculate a"a

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University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide '@/23

4ffect of

The #ehavior of the #ea" at failure -"ode of failure.is deter"ined #y the relative a"ount of steel resent

= "easured #y (

B 8No steel used( !rittle -sudden. failure(

"in

ust enough steel to revent #rittle failure

Q #alanceSteel fails first = ductile failure -desira#le.

#alance B "a( Choose #ar si5es and

sacing(

Area RB As

c(g( B %

"ust #e sy"etric

"ini"u" sacing

@( Choose cover,recalculate dead load,iterate 6ith ne6"o"ent(

4