archaeological report - stratham’s garage, patrick street, kilkenny, co. kilkenny (ireland)
DESCRIPTION
Eachtra archaeological projects undertook excavation of Stratham’s garage in January and February of 2005 under licence 99E0757, an extension to a pre-existing licence. In total some eighty pits were excavated with a small number of linear features and post-medieval wall foundations, drains and a cobbled surface also present. There was no evidence for a medieval structure in this area of the site and many of the pits were filled with refuse. The excavated area was interpreted as the partial remains of four medieval burgage plots. Recent excavations of the area immediately north and adjacent to this site will hopefully provide material comparable to the results from the Stratham’s Garage site.TRANSCRIPT
Issue 14 [ISSN 2009-2237]
Archaeological Excavation Report
99E0757 ext - Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny
Medieval and post-medieval pits and ditches in Kilkenny city burgage plots
Eachtra Journal
The Forge, Innishannon, Co. CorkTel.: 021 4701616E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.eachtra.ie
Contact details:
April 2007
Written by:
Client:
Archaeological Excavation Report,Stratham’s Garage Site,Patrick Street,Kilkenny
Medieval and post-medieval pits and ditches in Kilkenny city burgage plots
Belem Valley Properties Ltd.,c/o Nolan Ryan Partnership,No. 10 Ormonde St.,Kilkenny
P.39/99
99E0757 ext
Bruce Sutton
Bruce SuttonPenny Johnston
Planning Register No.:
Licence No.:
Licensee:
iii
Table of Contents
1 Summary ..........................................................................................................................1
2 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................1
3 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1
4 Background to the Development ......................................................................................1
5 Background to the current project ....................................................................................2
6 Historical background ......................................................................................................3
7 Patrick Street: recent archaeological investigations ...........................................................7
8 Patrick Street: the cartographic evidence .........................................................................8
9 Description of excavation .................................................................................................9
9.1 Property 1 ..................................................................................................................9
9.2 Property 2 .................................................................................................................10
9.3 Property 3 .................................................................................................................10
9.4 Property 3a ................................................................................................................11
9.5 Property 3b ...............................................................................................................12
9.6 Property 4? ................................................................................................................13
10 Discussion .......................................................................................................................14
10.1 Pottery ......................................................................................................................15
10.2 Animal Bone .............................................................................................................15
10.3 Plant Remains ...........................................................................................................16
11 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................17
12 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................18
13 Figures .............................................................................................................................19
14 Plates ...............................................................................................................................30
15 Appendices ......................................................................................................................34
15.1 Appendix 1: Context Register ...................................................................................35
15.2 Appendix 2: Stratigraphic Matrix .............................................................................83
15.3 Appendix 3: Finds Register ........................................................................................91
15.4 Appendix 4: Pottery Report ......................................................................................109
15.5 Appendix 5: Faunal Remains Report ........................................................................ 132
14.6 Appendix 6: Plant Remains from Patrick Street, Kilkenny 99E757 ...........................144
15.7 Appendix 7: Catalogue of Clay Pipes ........................................................................ 151
15.8 Appendix 8: Catalogue of Metal Artefacts ................................................................ 154
15.9 Appendix 9: Catalogue of Stone Artefacts ................................................................ 157
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List of FiguresFigure 1: Extract from OS Discovery Series map. Site location highlighted. .........................................19
Figure 2: Extract from RMP sheet KK019. Site location highlighted. .................................................. 20
Figure 3: Extract from a map of Kilkenny, 1758, by John Rocque. Site location highlighted. ...............21
Figure 4: Extract from OS 1st Edition map, 1841, sheet 19. Site location highlighted. ..........................22
Figure 5: Extract from OS 5ft map, sheet 19, 1872. Site location highlighted. ......................................23
Figure 6: Down Survey map of 1655. Taken from Historic Towns Atlas No. 10 .................................. 24
Figure 7: Extract from OS Irish Historic Atlas map of Kilkenny, 1999. Site location highlighted. ........25
Figure 8: Post-excavation plan of the archaeological features at the Stratham’s Garage site, Patrick Street, Kilkenny. ..............................................................................................................................................26
Figure 9: Extract from 5ft map of Kilkenny with the outline of medieval properties shown .................27
Figure 10: Sections through some of the excavated features ..................................................................28
Figure 11: Drawing of possible whetstone from a linear feature C.271 ..................................................29
List of PlatesPlate 1: General photograph of Property 3a, taken from the east ...........................................................30
Plate 2: Ditch C.235 from south-west ...................................................................................................30
Plate 3: Furrows in Properties 1 and 2 from north ................................................................................31
Plate 4: Pits in Property 3a, taken from the east ....................................................................................31
Plate 5: Cobble-stone surface C.254 from west .....................................................................................32
Plate 6: Wall C.295 from south-west.....................................................................................................32
Plate 7: Sewage outlet C.168 from south ...............................................................................................33
Plate 8: Section through pit C.143 from the south-west ........................................................................33
Copyright Notice: Please note that all original information contained within this report, including all original drawings, photographs, text and all other printed matter deemed to be the writer’s, remains the property of the writer and Eachtra Archaeological Projects and so may not be reproduced or used in any form without the written consent of the writer or Eachtra Archaeological Projects.
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1 Summary
Location Site of Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street Kilkenny County KilkennyNational Grid Reference 250700
155610Sites and Monument Record No. KK19026Excavation Licence no. 99E0757extOS Map Sheet no. KK 019Elevation OD
2 AcknowledgementsThe excavation director was Bruce Sutton. Field crew included Antonia Doolan and Juliana O’Donoghue. Post-excavation work was carried out by Antonia Doolan, Robin Turk, Sara Camplese and Penny Johnston. Specialists included Clare McCutcheon (medieval ceramics), Mary Dillon (plant remains), Margaret McCarthy (animal bone) and ArchCon Labs Ltd. (metal conservation).
3 IntroductionThis report comprises the final report on archaeological excavations which took place at the former site of Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny city, Co. Kilkenny (Figure 1). These excavations were carried out by Eachtra Archaeological Projects under the direction of Bruce Sutton in January and February of 2005 (Licence number for 2005 work: 99E0757ext). The excavations were carried out in advance of the construction of a hotel and associated services on the site (Planning Ref. no. P.39/99). The archaeological remains included a dense concentration of medieval and post-medieval refuse pits in addition to a post-medieval cobbled surface and a small section of a post-medieval wall.
4 Background to the DevelopmentPrevious archaeological work at the site consisted of an archaeological assessment, undertaken in 1999 by Jacinta Kiely of Eachtra Archaeological Projects (Kiely 2000a). Three trenches were opened, each of which produced archaeological material. Based on the results presented in the assessment report, the subsequent Grant of Planning contained a condition related to the archaeological aspects of the site. Condition 5 stipulated:“ it shall be necessary for the applicant/developer to employ an archaeologist to carry out an excavation…within the proposed development site in advance of site preparation and /or construction works … A series of open trenches shall be archaeologically excavated by hand in the areas affected by the proposed structures as follows: a) The archaeology in the basement area of the hotel shall be fully excavated. b) The archaeology in the area of the restaurant and kitchen shall be excavated to a depth of 0.81m and a buffer zone measuring 0.5m shall be established. c) The archaeology in the area of the stores shall be excavated to a depth of 1.213 and a buffer zone measuring 0.5m shall be established. d) The archaeology in the area of the car park shall be excavated to a depth of 0.5m”. The necessary archaeological excavations were carried out in January and February of 2005 under
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an extension to the original testing licence conducted in 1999 (Licence number for 2005 work: 99E0757ext).
5 Background to the current projectThis site at Patrick Street, prior to excavation, was occupied by Stratham’s Garage. This building was erected in the early 1900s and had lain derelict for some time. Lanigan and Tyler (1987) describe the building, along with that of the adjacent South East Health Board building, as being out of propor-tion with the surrounding Georgian terrace that lay along the eastern side of Patrick Street. The garage was demolished prior to archaeological investigations and on arrival, only the façade fronting onto Patrick Street remained. The site is located within the zone of archaeological potential for Kilkenny City (Figure 2)
The initial archaeological impact assessment undertaken by Jacinta Kiely at the former site of Stratham’s Garage in 1999 involved opening three trenches along the line of the proposed hotel foundations. Trench 1 was T-shaped and was excavated to a depth of 0.9 m below the modern ground surface. A layer of concrete and rubble was found to overlay the subsoil. Upon removal of the rubble layer, eight possible pits were recorded in the base of the trench. Trench 2 was excavated to a depth of 1 m below the surface. This uncovered a brown silty clay garden soil underlying the concrete that included post-medieval glass, brick, slate, shell etc. An east to west orientated ditch was recorded in the base of the trench, from the upper part of which a piece of Medieval pottery was recovered. A partly demolished wall of roughly hewn limestone was encountered in the northern section of the trench. Trench 3 was excavated to a depth of 0.7 m. Two possible pits were recorded in the base of the trench, the eastern end of which was disturbed by a concrete pipe (Kiely 2000). The discovery of archaeological deposits in the three trenches opened led to the recommendation that the area of proposed development be archaeologically excavated prior to development.
Initial plans for the development of the hotel were altered during excavation. In the original plans the proposed area for the car park to the side and rear of the hotel were to be developed at the current ground level, which that meant that excavation was only to take place on the northern half of the site and at a small area adjacent to the southern wall. It was then proposed to drop the entire level of the parking area by c.0.5. This resulted in the entire area of what was Stratham’s Garage requiring excava-tion following the DoEHLG’s recommendations of a 0.5 m buffer zone around any general ground disturbance. The DoEHLG was contacted and informed by of the changes from the original method statement.
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6 Historical backgroundTo date, no archaeological evidence for prehistoric settlement has been uncovered in Kilkenny city, suggesting that it was first occupied in historic times, and it has been a country town for as long as historical records have existed (Bradley 1990, 63).
Kilkenny is a corruption of Cill chainnigh which means ‘Canice’s Church’ and owes its name to the foundation of St. Canice’s Monastery in the 6th century AD. According to the Annals of Ulster, St. Canice died c. 600 AD, but this date is based on later calculations (Bradley 1990, 64). There are dif-ferent accounts of the life of St. Canice all of which were compiled in the 12th century. It is possible that St. Canice himself founded the monastery but alternatively it may have been one of his disciples. The monastery itself was founded on a small hill overlooking a fording point of the River Nore, at the present location of Green’s Bridge.
Although St. Canice’s church provides the city of Kilkenny with its name, it was not the earliest religious structure. A second church, St. Patrick’s, is also mentioned in a Life of St. Canice and was located to the south, off what is now Patrick Street Lower, though nothing survives of it today (Farrelly et al. 1993, 79). This church is known to have pre-dated St. Canice’s and was possibly founded in the 5th century, with a later dedication to St. Patrick (Bradley 2000, 1). Although nothing is known of this early monastery there must have been a central church building. There is evidence for a surrounding enclosure, similar to other ecclesiastical sites of this period, which can be seen in the curved pattern of Vicar Street, St. Canice’s Place and Dean Street (Bradley 1995, 156). Although not present today, a lane running north to Troy’s Gate of the then existing town wall is visible on Rocque’s map of 1758 (Figure 3) and traces a possible continuation north of the enclosure (Bradley 1990, 65). By the time of the arrival of the Normans, a stone church was located at St. Patrick’s along with a round tower, which would have been a later 11th or 12th century addition to the site (ibid., 66).
With the emergence of a powerful group known as the Osraige in the latter half of the first millen-nium, Kilkenny began to increase in importance due to the fact that the central base of power for this group comprised the fertile plains of Co. Kilkenny (Bradley 1990, 65). The location of the monastery towards the centre of these lands, and at a fording point of the River Nore, meant that its success as an ever growing settlement in size and importance was almost guaranteed (Bradley 1995, 154). By the 12th century, the successors to the Osraige, the Mac Gilla Patraic, held court at Kilkenny which sug-gests that even in pre-Norman times the settlement served not just a religious function, but also an ad-ministrative one (ibid., 156). This political importance most likely drew craftspeople and tradespeople to the settlement, further increasing its importance.
The Anglo-Normans arrived in Ireland towards the end of the 12th century and quickly supplanted the Mac Gilla Patraic in Kilkenny. At this time, settlement in the country consisted of ports established by the Vikings and inland settlements concentrated around ecclesiastical sites. The Anglo-Normans swiftly constructed a number of towns and boroughs around Ireland over the next hundred or so years,
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indicating a large influx of people into the country. Kilkenny is one such city that saw the construction of an Anglo-Norman borough in the town. The Normans were initially attracted to Kilkenny due to its strategic location on land and riverine routeways (Bradley 2000, 2).
Kilkenny castle, most likely constructed on an earlier motte and bailey, was built in 1173 some 750m south of St.Canice’s on a knoll overlooking a second fording point of the Nore. The existing structure dates to some time in the 13th century and served as an aristocratic residence, administrative centre and gaol (Bradley 2000, 2). The castle passed out of the Marshall family to the Norman de Clares in the mid 13th century. It passed to the Butlers in 1391 and stayed with this family until 1969 when the state took ownership (Bradley 1995, 158). Kilkenny Castle to the south and St. Canice’s to the north effectively defined the boundaries of the town. It is around the castle that the borough of Hightown or Englishtown was established with burgesses - the backbone of Anglo-Norman town planning – in existence here by 1176 (Bradley 1990, 66). The earlier pre-Norman settlement centred on St. Canice’s became known as Irishtown (Farrelly et al. 1993, 1), although care should be taken when referring to these as ethnically separate areas (Bradley 1985, 446).
The 13th century saw large-scale development in Kilkenny, development which defined the town for centuries to come. Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare undertook the initial Norman settlement of Kilkenny, but it was not until his successor, William Marshall, visited Kilkenny in 1207 that much of the build-ing works in the settlement commenced. In that year new foundation charters were issued to the town (Farrelly et al. 1993, 1) and after Marshall negotiated with the Bishop of Ossary for the procurement of the land between the castle and St. Canice’s, the settlement began to expand. The settlement was centred on a single main street, High Street, which was wider in the centre to accommodate a market in the town. The burgage plots along the street would have been well-suited for commercial premises due to their narrow frontage area, allowing a large number of shops and houses to front onto the mar-ket and the main street (Bradley 1985, 439). Once burgage plots had been handed out, it is quite pos-sible that their boundaries remained unchanged for many years, although some plots may have been divided or combined over time (ibid., 429) as owners bought or sold adjacent plots of land. It is also during the middle of the 13th century that the first references are made to a third borough, Donagh-more, which was located outside the town wall to the south of Hightown, at what is now the southern end of Patrick Street. It is likely that a pre-existing settlement was located here prior to this centred on St. Patrick’s Church.
The 13th century also saw the construction and renovation of a number of religious establishments, some of which later served as parish churches. Between 1207 and 1225 a Franciscan monastery was built in Hightown. Construction of an Augustinian priory commenced in 1211 and was completed in 1220. This was the first religious structure to be located on the eastern bank of the River Nore. It prompted the building of a road and a second bridge which linked the priory, and subsequent growth of settlement, to the town (Bradley 2000, 4). The Dominican priory, or ‘Black Abbey’, was established in 1225 outside the city walls and a small portion of it survives today (ibid., 4). St. Mary’s Church pos-
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sibly began as a chapel for those living close to the castle and would have been established soon after the foundation of Hightown at the end of the 12th century. It later grew into a large Medieval parish church with council meetings and town plays performed here (ibid., 3). Perhaps the most impressive religious structure to be constructed in the 13th century was the Cathedral, built at the location of the earlier Canice’s church by Bishop Hugh de Rous. Building of the various sections continued through-out the 13th century, long after de Rous’ death (Bradley 2000, 5). The Cathedral is the only religious structure to have been constructed in the Borough of Irishtown and continues to dominate the area to this day.
Construction of town walls around Hightown also began in the 13th century, probably instigated by William Marshall after his visit in 1207, though they were not completed for many years. The final completion of the town walls is dated to 1400 and attributed to Robert Talbot, a man about which little is known (Prim 1949-51, 36). The walls are known to have been in a near perfect state in the 18th century as represented on Rocque’s map of 1758 (Figure 3) (Birthistle 1966, 5), although only small sections survive at present. There are 11 known murage grants from Kilkenny dating to between 1250 and 1460 (Bradley 1990, 70) which suggest ongoing work on the walls. These grants were provided by the king and gave towns the right to impose tolls and taxes for the purpose of building the town’s defences, in order to lessen the cost to the inhabitants. Kilkenny Castle was incorporated into the southern line of the town wall, as often seen where castles are located at the edge of towns (Bradley 1985, 444). The western town wall ran along a natural ridge that commanded the approach from that side. The northern wall formed the boundary with Irishtown. There was no eastern wall as the river ran along this side creating a natural boundary. In total, the Hightown wall encompassed an area of roughly 29 hectares (Farrelly et al. 1993, 7). That the construction of the town walls took such a substantial length of time is evidenced by the fact that the wall is of varied thickness and the four known towers – only one of which survives – were of different types. This lack of uniformity suggests that the long length of time needed to build the walls resulted in a lack of continuous planning in their construction (Bradly 1985, 442). Seven gates are known to have existed along the length of the wall: one at the border to Irishtown, three along the western wall, one at John’s Bridge and two in the southern wall. The gates in the southern wall were located next to the castle with a second on Patrick Street, roughly between Upper and Lower Patrick Street The latter was demolished at the end of the 19th century (Kenealy 1948, 34).
Irishtown was protected by its own set of defences, although these were neither as substantial nor as well maintained as those of Hightown, and little is known about them (Kenealy 1948, 32). It has been suggested though that these walls were completed prior to 1400, therefore before the completion of the Hightown wall. Four gates were located in the defences surrounding Irishtown. As with the Hightown walls, no wall was present to the east as the River Nore provided sufficient natural defence.
During the 14th century Kilkenny saw a period of decline with the outbreak of the Black Plague. It was not until the 16th century when the Butler family were reinstated that the town once again began
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to expand (Bradley 1995, 151). Prior to this, Kilkenny was ruled by a number of rich merchant fami-lies. These families constructed many of the stone houses of Kilkenny, such as Rothe House on High Street. It was the work of these families in 1609 that secured the elevation of Kilkenny to city status by James I (Farrelly et al. 1993, 2), although this was revoked in 1650 with the Cromwellian invasions. After its capture by Cromwell the importance of Kilkenny began to decline, although it was granted university status in 1690. The rise of Dublin and Waterford meant that Kilkenny would never again be the administrative centre it had been in the past. By the 18th century it had become a quiet country town, despite the development of some new industries.
In 1843 the boroughs of Irishtown and Hightown were joined to form a single city with one corpora-tion and although much had changed, the basic layout of the city remained constant to the early street pattern set out by the Normans, as can be seen by the first edition ordnance survey map and 1872 5ft map (Figure 4 & 5).
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7 Patrick Street: recent archaeological investigationsA large number of testing and excavation works have been undertaken on Patrick Street and the area around Pennyfeather Lane/Pudding Lane and St. Mary’s/ St. Patrick’s Ward between 1990 and 2002. The following descriptions are taken from www.excavations.ie; the Excavations Bulletin numbers are given first.
1990:078 Test excavation by Heather King at Pennyfeather Lane/Pudding Lane and St Mary’s/ St Patrick’s. Eighteen trenches were opened on the site, the front area of which was disturbed. Evidence for Anglo-Norman occupation was uncovered at the rear of the site along with part of the foundations of the Medieval town wall and the town ditch, possibly dating to the 13th / 14th centuries.
1995:171 Test excavation undertaken by Margaret Gowen Ltd. at Pudding Lane (Licence 95E224). Five trenches were opened, with a cobbled surface being uncovered.
1997:305 Patrick Street/Pudding Lane/Pennyfeather Lane. Nine test trenches were excavated by Judith Carroll (Licence 97E468). Medieval pottery and slag was recovered from the layers and the remains of a wall were uncovered, along with a possible 17th – 18th century ditch.
1998:356 26-29 Patrick Street Archaeological excavation located in the back gardens of nos. 26-29 Patrick Street and at house no. 26 by Judith Carroll (Licence 98E0092). A dense concentration of pits was excavated with a possible 12th – 16th century date, along with a large possible palisade trench.
1998:357 Excavation at 33 Patrick St, undertaken by Judith Carroll (Licence 98E0402) led to the discovery of a dense concentration of medieval pits.
1998:358 Excavation at Patrick Street/Pudding Lane/Pennyfeather Lane (Licence 97E0468) by Judith Carroll. Five areas were excavated with the discovery of a large number of medieval and post-medieval pits and linear features, the foundations of earlier walls, structural trenches, hearths, metal working evidence and undated human remains, both articulated and disarticulated.
1999:451 Eachtra Archaeological Projects undertook further excavations at 26 Patrick St under licence 99E0165. During this work a number of medieval pits were excavated and recorded along with the foundations of a post-medieval building.
2000:0547 Eachtra Archaeological Projects conducted further excavations at 33 Patrick Street in 1999 following design changes under licence 98E0402ext. A number of large deep pits were excavated which were interpreted to have served a variety of functions, from domestic cess pts to industrial pits. Two small drying kilns and iron working evidence were also recorded on the site.
2000:0548 Eachtra Archaeological Projects conducted further excavations at Patrick Street/Pudding
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Lane/Pennyfeather Lane in 1999 under an extension to licence 97E0468. This additional area was composed of a cluster of intercutting pits, with the partial remains of a post-medieval building.
In 2002 Daniel Noonan conducted an impact assessment at 101 Patrick St under licence 02E1570. The five trenches opened contained no archaeological remains.
Overall, excavations over the past 10 years along Patrick Street have produced similar archaeological material characterised by large numbers of densely concentrated medieval pits in addition to a number of linear trenches and ditches. The pits served a variety of functions, from domestic cesspits to in-dustrial metal working pits and hearths. Although structural remains of buildings and floor surfaces were recorded, these date to the post-medieval period and there is no structural evidence for the early Anglo-Norman occupation that founded Patrick Street.
8 Patrick Street: the cartographic evidence On the Down Survey Map of c. 1655 the street is represented by a dotted line leading to Patrick
Gate (Figure 6).Rocque’s map of Kilkenny dating to 1757 depicts buildings on both sides of the street continu-
ing outside the town walls. The site is visible on the map as a large building fronting onto Patrick Street, with gardens to the rear (Figure 3).
The 1841 OS map shows buildings fronting onto Patrick Street at the location of Stratham’s Ga-rage with garden space to the rear (Figure 4).
The Ordnance Survey 5ft Map of 1872 clearly shows the same buildings and garden plot located at this site (Figure 5).
The 1999 Ordnance Survey Map clearly shows the location of Stratham’s Garage prior to demoli-tion. There has been a slight change in the northern boundary wall with the adjacent plot to the north now being partially under the site of the garage (Figure 7).
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9 Description of excavation Most of the archaeological features recorded during this excavation were pits (Figure 8, Plate 1), al-though ditches, furrows, walls and a cobble-stone surface were also investigated. Full contextual de-tails are listed in the context register (Appendix 1) and the stratigraphic matrix (Appendix 2). The catalogue of all artefacts found is in the finds register (Appendix 3) and specialist report on the pottery is in Appendix 4. The results of analysis of environmental material is presented in the animal bone report (Appendix 5) and the plant remains report (Appendix 6). Catalogues of clay pipes are in Ap-pendix 7, metal artefacts are in Appendix 8 and stone artefacts in Appendix 9. Most of the contexts were dated according to the artefacts retrieved from their fills. Therefore, pits with exclusively medieval pottery were classified as medieval, whereas pits with medieval and post-medieval finds were classified as post-medieval. However, as most of the excavated features were backfilled, it is possible that some of the cut features that contained deposits with some post-medieval artefacts were actually open and in use in the medieval period.
Although no definite boundaries delineating different medieval properties were recorded during exca-vation, a combination of the existing boundary lines and the character of the archaeology in different portions of the site suggests that this site represents portion of three (perhaps four) different medieval burgage plots (Figures 8 and 9).
9.1 Property 1The first property was located at the south-eastern part of the excavation site (Figure 8). Only a small portion of this plot was available for excavation, the rest was filled by upstanding buildings. The exca-vated portion covered an area that measured c.17.5 m by 11.25 m. The topsoil in this area was a good quality garden soil (C.7) that covered much of the site and which would appear to be from the gardens visible on the 18th and 19th century maps.
The medieval archaeology included three pits (C.212, C.223 and C.234). The only artefact type found was pottery, predominantly Kilkenny types, but also including Leinster Cooking Ware and a fragment of possible Redcliffe (a type imported from the Bristol area). These are all indicative of a thirteenth century date. The medieval pits in this property measured on average 1.83 m long, 0.98 m wide and 0.55 m deep.The post-medieval archaeology included the post-medieval pits (C.226 and C.228) and a ditch C.235. The pits measured on average 1.51 m long, 1.23 m wide and 0.3 m long. Both were very shallow and they were truncated by a modern concrete and iron cellar. The finds from these pits included Kilkenny-type wares, Leinster Cooking Ware, brick fragments and a clay pipe stem.
The ditch C.235 was uncovered at the extreme edge of the excavation running east to west, and con-tinued off site in both directions (Plate 2). Only the northern edge of the feature was visible as the remainder lay under the southern edge of the excavation. It produced medieval pottery and animal bone, as well as some post-medieval pottery sherds and brick.
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A furrow (C.221) traversed the site, visible for 16 m before it disappeared under the baulk at both the eastern and western edges of the excavation. No dateable artefacts were retrieved from this feature. It ran parallel to another furrow, C.239, just near the boundary between Property 1 and Property 2, and two furrows C.241 and C.243 excavated in Property 2. All of these features share a roughly east to west alignment and they occur only at the eastern end of the archaeological site (Plate 3). All are undateable, but they suggest a common use of the land in this part of the site.
9.2 Property 2The second property was located to the north and north-west of Property 1, and it covered an area of 43.75 by 8.25 m (Figure 8). The overburden in this area consisted of good quality loose topsoil (C.7), most likely from the rear gardens visible on the 18th and 19th century maps.
Fourteen medieval pits were excavated in this property (C.193, C.251, C.257, C.283, C.358, C.360, C.374, C.376, C.378, C.382, C.392, C.394, C.400 and C.407) including one pit that was re-cut (C.255). On average, the pits measured 1.67 m in length, 1.33 m in width and 0.44 m in depth. They generally contained a single fill and pottery sherds were the most common artefact types recorded. These contexts were classified as medieval in date based on the pottery types recovered during exca-vation. This included local wares such as Kilkenny-types and Leinster Cooking Ware, and imported Ham Green B ware. These finds indicate a thirteenth century date.
The post-medieval archaeology in Property 2 comprised nine pits (C.322, C.364, C.366, C.368, C.380, C.395, C.397, C.403 and C404). On average these measured 1.68 m in length, 1.17 m in width and 0.38 m in diameter. The fills of these pits included re-deposited medieval wares and post-medieval pottery such as Merida type and glazed red earthenware.
Several features of unknown date were excavated in this part of the site. No artefacts were found in association with these contexts and therefore they could not be assigned to any period of occupation at the site. The features included six pits (C.350, C.352, C.354, C.356, C.372 and C.384), one linear feature (C.413) and two furrows (C.241 and C.243). The furrows were aligned in the same direction as two furrows from Property 1 and these agricultural features are possibly all related to each other (see above).
9.3 Property 3This property was the largest plot available for excavation; it measured c. 55 by 12.5 m (Figure 8). Situated to the north of Property 2, the archaeology in this property was very dense, in particular at the eastern part of the plot, where a cluster of medieval and post-medieval pits was excavated. In gen-eral the overburden in this property consisted of good quality topsoil (C.7), most likely from the rear gardens visible on the cartographic evidence from the 18th and 19th centuries. However, at the western portion of the site the over burden consisted of a mixture of post-medieval and early modern rubble
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(C.6) that lay under the concrete floor of the garage. The north-west corner of the site was truncated when deep excavation for petrol tank storage occurred during use of the site as a garage. The petrol tank was still in situ at the time of excavation. The contrast between the concentration of archaeologi-cal features at the eastern and western ends of this property is stark: there is a feature-rich area at the east of the property (Plates 1 and 4), but at the west, archaeological features are much less frequent. This is at least partially the results of truncation by activity at the garage. It may also be because the pits at the eastern end of the plot acted as cess and waste disposal pits, and were kept as far from the street and dwellings as possible. Because of the differences in the archaeology, the two ends of Property 3 will be examined separately here, with the area rich in archaeology referred to as Property 3a and the truncated area referred to as Property 3b.
9.4 Property 3aIn total twenty pits in Property 3a were classified as medieval in date (C.100, C.102, C.105, C.113, C.118, C.120, C.123, C.172, C.176, C.186, C.229, C.231, C.237, C.245, C.320, C.329, C.331, C.334, C.336 and C.343). On average the pit dimensions were 1.98 m long, 1.33 m wide and 0.48 m deep. In general the pits contained a single fill and pottery sherds were the most common artefact types. These were mostly local Kilkenny-type wares but Leinster Cooking Ware was also found. A small quantity of imported pottery was recovered, including sherds such as Minety-type, Saintonge and a fragment of possible Redcliffe. These finds suggest that the pits dated from the thirteenth to the fourteenth cen-turies (Appendix 4). The pits were classified based on the pottery recovered from the fills and/or their stratigraphic relationship to other features.
Three pits (C.102, C.113 and C.120) had a form of cobbled stone lining on the base and sides and loose cobbles frequently occurred in the base of the fills. All the finds recovered from these pits (mostly Kilkenny type pottery and medieval nails) were medieval in date. Although these pits were filled with waste, the cobble lining suggests that they originally had a different function, perhaps they were origi-nally used as cess pits.
Two medieval layers (C.370 and C.371) were located in the eastern part of Property 3a; both contained animal bone and charcoal and were 0.12m in depth. They are interpreted as medieval in date as all the features, both medieval and post-medieval, in this portion of the site truncated these layers.
The post-medieval archaeology in Property 3a comprised sixteen pits (C.124, C.133, C.170, C.174, C.178, C.195, C.197, C.216, C.259, C.275, C.277, C.279, C.281, C.338, C.340 and C.346) and a ditch (C.179). The pits measured on average 1.41 m in length, 0.87 m in width and 0.75 m in depth. Artefacts retrieved from these features included brick, clay pipe stems, post-medieval pottery (such as Pearlware and Frechen) and re-deposited medieval pottery (Kilkenny types, Leinster Cooking Ware and Saintonge).
A ditch (C.179) was found along the northern edge of the excavation area and it truncated two pits of
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unknown date (C.130 and C.181), a medieval pit (C.172) and a post-medieval pit (C.174). Artefacts and environmental material from the ditch included animal bone, medieval and post-medieval pot-tery, glass and a metal object. It probably represented the boundary of the Property 3 burgage plot.
The modern features from the site included four pits (C.191, C.214, C.218 and C.220), dated either by the retrieval of finds that dated to the twentieth century, or by stratigraphic relationships with other material on the site. There was also a modern linear wall (C.286) which extended 18.5m north to south across Properties 2 and 3. It was constructed from material that was apparently taken from an earlier, post-medieval structure that was demolished and used as a base for this concrete structure. The wall truncated many archaeological contexts in Property 3a.
Eight features excavated in Property 3a are of unknown date. There were six pits (C.130, C.136, C.138, C.181, C.195 and C.197) and two linear features (C.183 and C.271). Most of the un-dated pits had no relationship to other features and they contained no dateable artefacts. A linear ditch (C.183) was possibly a continuation of the possible boundary ditch (C.179) although it was much deeper. C.271 was a small linear feature that truncated a pit (C.261) along the eastern edge. It was filled with C.272 and contained a possible whetstone (Figure 11).
9.5 Property 3bThree medieval pits were excavated in Property 3b (C.146, C.297 and C.317). The average dimensions of these pits were 1.5 m length, 1.01 m width and 0.32 m deep. The pits were classified as medieval based on the pottery sherds (such as Kilkenny types and Leinster Cooking Ware) recovered from their fills. In C.317 a large portion of a medieval pot (Kilkenny type ware) was preserved almost intact. These finds indicated thirteenth century activity. No other medieval features were discovered in this area of the site.
A cobble-stone surface (C.254) was uncovered at the western end of Property 3 (Plate 5). It was trun-cated on all sides and was located over the top of a post-medieval sewage pipe that ran under Patrick Street, indicating that it was post-medieval in date. The stones were well set into the underlying soil and a gutter or gully ran east-west through the cobbles (Fig. 11). The material excavated from between the stones (C.264) was firm in compaction with the odour of horse manure, suggesting that this had been compacted between the stones during the use of the surface.
A number of post-medieval features were excavated beneath the level of the coble-stone surface (C.254). Four inter-cutting pits (C.304, C.306, C.308 and C.310) and a linear feature (C.312) were found be-neath the cobble-stones. The pits measured on average 0.99 m in length, 0.73 m in width and 0.29 m in depth. They were classified as post-medieval based on the artefact types recovered from their fills (including Pearlware, Mottled Ware, Glazed red earthenware and brick). To the east of the cob-ble-stone surface foundation stones for the corner of a post-medieval wall (C.295) were uncovered, constructed of loosely coursed limestone (Plate 6).
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At the extreme west of the site, a square limestone and brick coursed sewage area or lavatory was un-covered with a slate flagstone floor (C.168) (Plate 7). This was infilled with post-medieval and early modern rubble consisting of slate, glass, brick, 19th century pottery all in a matrix of organic soil (C.192). In the western wall of the feature, a later addition of ceramic sewage pipe had been inserted into the wall and packed in with bricks. Excavation revealed that this was connected to a slate-lined culvert that ran along the length of Patrick Street.
There were also several features of unknown date, including twelve pits (C.141, C.148, C.150, C.151, C.153, C.156, C.162, C.164, C.288, C.290, C.292 and C.315), and a sterile layer (C.314). As the ma-jority of excavated features at this part of the property were post-medieval or modern, it is likely that these features are also quite late.
9.6 Property 4?Eight pits (C.143, C.159, C.198, C.202, C.206, C.208, C.210 and C.274) were located at the northern edge of the site, beyond the northern boundary to Property 3 (Figure 8). It is likely that these features relate to activity in another burgage plot. Most of these features contained either modern finds or no dateable artefacts. The pit C.143 contained a single fill of dark brown burnt material with frequent inclusions of burnt clay, indicating that the pit was backfilled with hearth or furnace waste (Plate 8). A single isolated pit was located along the northern edge of excavation (C.274), probably within Property 4. The base of the pit contained a large number of cobbles, both loose and compacted into the base. Excavations of the area to the north of these have recently been completed (11 Patrick Street Kilkenny, 06E0230) and the results from this should shed more light on the nature of the archaeology in this part of the site.
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10 DiscussionThe area of Patrick Street was originally occupied in the late 12th century by the Anglo-Normans. The archaeological evidence from this excavation supports this as no earlier material was recorded during the course of the excavation.
The archaeological features excavated at the former site of Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street indicate activity in this area from the medieval period through to post-medieval times. If we compare Rocque’s map of 1758 (Figure 3) with the modern 1999 map (Figure 7) of the site it would appear that the boundaries of the site have changed little. The southern and eastern boundaries appear much as they were on the earlier map. However, the northern boundary has been altered, with about half of the adjacent plot now being located under the former site of Stratham’s Garage. Although ditch features C.179 and C.183 seem to be located in the approximate location of the boundary, the features are not continuous and vary in depth. Also, C.179 truncated a number of pits in this area. A second possible boundary ditch (C.235) was located in the south-east corner of Property 1, but as only a small section could be excavated it was impossible to accurately determine its function. Nevertheless, by continuing existing boundaries and combining this information with the spatial pattern of the medieval archaeol-ogy, it was relatively simple to demonstrate that the site covered four separate medieval burgage plots, with most of Properties 2 and 3 available for excavation, and only small portions of Properties 1 and 4 excavated.
The cartographic evidence from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also indicates that the eastern area of the site served as a garden, with the western area, fronting on to Patrick Street, being occu-pied by buildings. The majority of the archaeological features were located in the garden areas. The overburden across the entire site, with the exception of western part of Property 3b, was rich loose brown topsoil, more typically seen in rural agricultural fields than in urban areas. This suggests that Stratham’s garage simply laid concrete over this pre-existing garden soil horizons. Further evidence for the gardens can be taken from the existence of parallel agricultural furrows (C221, C.239, C.241 & C.243) located at the east of the site in Properties 1 and 2. These suggest an agricultural as well as aesthetic function for the gardens. The fact that the furrows cover two properties may indicate that any boundary that existed between Property 1 and 2 was not in use by the time the furrows were made.
The majority of the cut features at the site were pits, c. eighty of these were excavated with artefactual evidence suggesting that they dated to both the medieval and the post-medieval periods. Iron slag was present in some of the pit fills, indicating that metalworking was carried out in the area, although the small amount of industrial residues retrieved during this excavation suggests that it was on a small scale. The large amounts of medieval and post-medieval pottery sherds, animal bones and metal ob-jects found at the site suggest that the final use of most of the pits at the site was as a refuse dump. In general, the fact that it was not possible to re-fit many of the sherds suggests that only partial vessels were present in most of the deposits.
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The medieval pits were primarily either rounded or sub-rectangular, with steep sides and flat base. Some of the pits contained cobbled linings in the base and sides, although the reason for this is un-known. Others contained a large amount of similar ‘cobbles’ in the base of the fill and can possibly be interpreted as ‘soakaways’. All of the pits, whether lined, stone filled, or otherwise contained similar fills and inclusions. This could indicate that they originally fulfilled different functions but finally were infilled with the same (refuse) material.
The evidence from the excavation at Patrick Street Kilkenny suggests that the area originally formed part of an Anglo-Norman burgage plot, which was intensively utilised. No evidence of a medieval structure was recorded on site. Any form of medieval house site may have been destroyed during the construction of the buildings that fronted onto Patrick Street or they may have been located further west, under the footpath and/or road surface. The archaeological material recorded at Patrick Street is comparable to that of earlier excavations in this part of Kilkenny city.
10.1 PotteryPottery from the site was examined by Clare McCutcheon (Appendix 4). A total of 823 sherds were counted from the site (after re-fitting) and almost 90% of these were medieval wares, with types dating from the late twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. The assemblage was predominantly local Kilkenny Type wares, but Leinster Cooking Ware was also found. Imported ceramics included wares from Eng-land (Ham Green B, Minety-type and possibly Redcliffe), France (Saintonge) and Belgium/Holland (Flemish redware).
10.2 Animal BoneThe animal bone assemblage from this site was examined by Margaret McCarthy (Appendix 5). Cattle were the most common domestic mammal. Body parts indicate that they were probably brought to the town on the hoof, and slaughtered thereafter. Sheep bones followed cattle in order of importance. Age-ing data from both cattle and sheep indicate that most were culled after reaching maturity, suggesting that they were exploited for both their meat and their secondary products; hide and horns, and after several years of milk yields. There was also some evidence for marrow extraction from late medieval cattle and sheep bones, and butchery marks that indicated that cattle tongue was extracted in the late medieval period. The medieval pits produced a relatively large sample of horse bones in comparison to other contemporary urban sites and a number of these displayed butchery traces consistent with the eating of horseflesh. Other domestic mammals included pig, with all skulls showing evidence of smashing, probably for retrieval of the brains. There was evidence for suckling pig consumption, and neo-natal pig bones from the late medieval period indicate that the animals were bred in the town. Fowl included domestic fowl, goose and duck. The wild mammals included red deer and hare in the medieval period, with rabbit occurring in the later medieval deposits. Marine species included cod, haddock and ling. Domestic pets such as cats and dogs were also recovered in small quantities.
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10.3 Plant RemainsThe charred plant remains from this site were examined by Mary Dillon (Appendix 6). The medieval samples contained roughly equal portions of wheat and oat, with very small quantities of rye and bar-ley found. There were many weed seeds, including seeds from the knotgrass, goosefoot, daisy, sedge and legume families. The post-medieval samples contained a large amount of wheat and much smaller amounts of oats and rye. Barley was present in very large amounts in one sample. Two flax bolls were identified and a large amount of weed seeds were found, including many from the knotgrass, goosefoot and legume families.
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11 ConclusionEachtra archaeological projects undertook excavation of Stratham’s garage in January and February of 2005 under licence 99E0757, an extension to a pre-existing licence. In total some eighty pits were excavated with a small number of linear features and post-medieval wall foundations, drains and a cobbled surface also present. There was no evidence for a medieval structure in this area of the site and many of the pits were filled with refuse. The excavated area was interpreted as the partial remains of four medieval burgage plots. Recent excavations of the area immediately north and adjacent to this site will hopefully provide material comparable to the results from the Stratham’s Garage site.
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12 BibliographyBirthistle, D. 1966. Gateways of the walls of Kilkenny. Old Kilkenny review, 18, 5-9.
Bradley, J. 1985. Planned Anglo-Norman towns in Ireland. In. H.B. Clarke and A. Simms, eds. History of Urban origins in Non-Roman Europe: Ireland, Wales, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Russia from the ninth to the thirteenth century. Part ii. BAR international series 255 (ii).
Bradley, J. 1990. The early development of the medieval town of Kilkenny. In. W. Nolan and K. Whelan, eds. Kilkenny. History and society. Geography publications
Bradley, J. 1995. Kilkenny – The Faire City. In. C. Howard, ed. In Irish Cities. Dublin: Mercier Press, 150-163.
Bradley, J. 2000. Kilkenny. In. A. Simms, H.B Clarke and R. Gillespie, eds. Irish Historic Towns Atlas, Royal Irish Academy.
S D Elder, S. D & Richardson, A. 2001. Final Report on Excavations to the rear of No. 33 Patrick Street, Kilkenny, including Area six of the Patrick Street/Pudding Lane/Pennyfeather Lane Development block. Aechtra Archaeological Projects unpublished report.
Farrelly, J, Loughran, A, and O’Reilly, B. 1993. Urban archaeological survey: County Kilkenny. Dublin: Office of public works.
Kenealy, C.J. 1948. The Walls of Kilkenny. Old Kilkenny Review, 11, 32-38.
Kiely, J. 2000a. Archarological assessment report, former Stratham’s garage, Patrick St, Kilkenny. Eachtra Archaeological Projects unpublished report
Kiely, J. 2000b. Archaeological excavation at No. 26, Patrick Street, Kilkenny. Old Kilkenny review, 52, 116-122.
Lanigan, K.M. and Tyler, G. (ed) 1987. Kilkenny: Its Architecture and History, Belfast.
Noona , D and Ryan, M. 2002. Archaeological assessment at 101 Patrick St, Kilkenny. Eachtra Archaeological Projects unpublished report
Prim, J.G.A. 1849-51. The builder of the walls of Kilkenny. Royal society of antiquities in Ireland, 1, 34-37.
Smithwick, P. 1988. St Francis Abbey. Old Kilkenny review, 5, 521-525.
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13 Figures
Figure 1: Extract from OS Discovery Series map. Site location highlighted.
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Figure 2: Extract from RMP sheet KK019. Site location highlighted.
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Figure 4: Extract from OS 1st Edition map, 1841, sheet 19. Site location highlighted.
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Figure 7: Extract from OS Irish Historic Atlas map of Kilkenny, 1999. Site location highlighted.
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Plate 1: General photograph of Property 3a, taken from the east
Plate 2: Ditch C.235 from south-west
14 Plates
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Plate 3: Furrows in Properties 1 and 2 from north
Plate 4: Pits in Property 3a, taken from the east
32
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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Plate 5: Cobble-stone surface C.254 from west
Plate 6: Wall C.295 from south-west
33
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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Plate 7: Sewage outlet C.168 from south
Plate 8: Section through pit C.143 from the south-west
34
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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15 Appendices
35
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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Appe
ndix
2 C
onte
xt R
egist
er K
ilken
ny 9
9E75
7C
on
text
no
.A
rea
Grid
Type
Fil
led
with
Fill
ofD
escr
iptio
nA
rtef
acts
1Ex
tens
ive
All
Nat
ural
subs
oil
6Ex
tens
ive
All
Rub
ble
over
burd
enBr
ick,
Gla
zed
red
eart
h-en
war
e, P
earlw
are,
Cla
y pi
pe st
ems,
7/8/
11/1
6Ex
tens
ive
All
Gar
den
soil
over
bur-
den
Pear
lwar
e Fre
chen
, Tra
ns-
fer
prin
ted
war
e, G
laze
d re
d ea
rthe
nwar
e,
cl
ay
pipe
ste
ms,
tin
glaz
ed
eart
henw
are,
m
oder
n gl
ass
(disc
arde
d),
Bric
k,
Wes
terw
ald
100
A+B
130E
95N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
107
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es v
ertic
al, b
reak
of
slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
flat,
sligh
tly c
onca
ve.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Mea
sure
d 2.
8m b
y 2.
2m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
(gre
en g
laze
d),
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
okin
g w
are,
Min
ety
type
war
e,
Nai
ls, B
rick
102
A+B
130E
95N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
109
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es s
lopi
ng
to W
an
d N
and
ver
tical
to S
and
E, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se s
harp
, bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
E-W
. M
eas-
ured
1.8
m b
y 1.
6m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
ing
war
e,
Bric
k,
Cla
y pi
pe
stem
s, Sl
ag, N
ail
15.1
A
ppen
dix
1: C
onte
xt R
egis
ter
36
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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105
A+B
130E
95N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
111
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es s
trai
ght
and
slopi
ng, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Mea
sure
d 1.
53m
by
0.92
m.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
107
A+B
130E
95N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
100
Ligh
t br
own
firm
san
dy c
lay.
Freq
uent
sm
all
stone
s and
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal.
Mea
sure
d 2.
8m
by 2
.2m
by
0.5m
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
(gre
en g
laze
d),
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
okin
g w
are,
Min
ety
type
war
e,
Nai
ls, B
rick
109
A+B
130E
95N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
102
Mid
bro
wn
soft
sand
y cl
ay,
com
pact
tow
ards
ba
se. O
ccas
iona
l cha
rcoa
l with
sm
all a
nd m
e-di
um s
tone
lini
ng in
bas
e. M
easu
red
1.8m
by
1.6m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
ing
war
e,
Bric
k,
Cla
y pi
pe
stem
s, Sl
ag11
113
0E 9
5N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
105
Dar
k br
own
loos
e sil
ty c
lay.
Freq
uent
sto
nes
and
occa
siona
l bon
e, m
orta
r and
cha
lk. M
eas-
ured
1.5
3m b
y 0.
92m
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
113
A+B
125E
95N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
114
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp,
sides
con
cave
to
N
and
stepp
ed e
lsew
here
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
E-W
. M
easu
red
2.6m
by
1.6m
by
0.7m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y typ
e coo
king
war
e,
Sain
tong
e gr
een
glaz
ed,
Ham
Gre
en B
114
A+B
125E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.113
- 11
4D
ark
brow
n so
ft sa
ndy
clay
. Sm
all s
tone
s con
-ce
ntra
ted
at b
ase.
Mea
sure
d 2.
6m b
y 1.
6m b
y 0.
7m d
epth
.
Cru
cibl
e fra
gmen
t, G
lass
, Sl
ag
37
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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117
A+B
125E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.118
- 11
8D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n so
ft cl
ayey
silt.
Occ
asio
nal
pebb
les,
smal
l sto
nes,
anim
al b
one
and
shel
l. M
easu
red
2.1m
by
1.2m
by
0.8m
dep
th.
118
A+B
125E
95N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it11
7-
Saus
age s
hape
d pi
t with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es c
onca
ve a
nd v
ertic
al,
brea
k of
slop
e ba
se g
radu
al a
nd sh
arp,
bas
e un
-du
latin
g. O
rient
ated
E-W
. 2.
1m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
8m d
epth
.11
9A+
B13
0E 9
5NFi
ll of
Ea
rly/L
ate
Med
ieva
l pit
- 12
0M
id b
row
nish
gre
y m
oder
ately
com
pact
silt
y cl
ay. F
requ
ent a
nim
al b
one
and
stone
s in
base
. M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
05m
by
0.55
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe co
okin
g war
e,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
, Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Nai
l12
0A+
B13
0E 9
5NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
119
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, Sid
es c
onca
ve t
o W
an
d S
and
unde
rcut
to N
and
E, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se g
radu
al,
base
rou
nded
. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW. F
illed
with
C.11
9. M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
05m
by
0.5
5m d
epth
.12
2A+
B13
0E 9
5N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
123
Dar
k br
own
loos
e sil
ty c
lay.
Occ
asio
nal s
tone
, m
orta
r, gr
avel,
bur
nt b
one
and
anim
al b
one.
M
easu
red
1.25
m b
y 0.
52m
by
0.58
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
38
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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123
130E
95N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it12
2-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
con
cave
at
W
and
unde
rcut
on
othe
rs,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
co
ncav
e.
Orie
ntat
ed
NE-
SW.
Fille
d w
ith C
.122
. Mea
sure
d 1.
25m
by
0.52
m
by 0
.58m
dep
th.
124
A+B
140E
95N
C
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t1
25
, 1
26
, 12
7, 1
28
- O
val p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs. B
reak
of s
lope
to
p sh
arp,
sid
es c
onve
x an
d ve
rtic
al, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e co
ncav
e an
d un
even
. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Fi
lled
with
C.1
25,
C.1
26,
C.1
27,
C.1
28.
Mea
sure
d 2.
4m b
y 1.
45m
by
0.85
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
, M
erid
a ty
pe, M
ottle
d w
are,
Nai
l12
514
0E 9
5N
Fill
of L
ate/
Post
Me-
diev
al p
it-
124
Dar
k gr
eyish
bro
wn
firm
silt
y cl
ay.
Smal
l sto
nes.
Ove
r C.1
26. M
easu
red
2.4m
by
1.45
m
by 0
.28m
dep
th.
-
126
140E
95N
Fi
ll of
Lat
e/Po
st M
e-di
eval
pit
- 12
4M
id o
rang
e br
own
firm
san
dy c
lay.
Freq
uent
pe
bble
s an
d sm
all s
tone
s, oc
casio
nal c
harc
oal.
Und
er C
.125
, ove
r C
.127
. Mea
sure
d 2.
4m b
y 1.
45m
by
0.35
m d
epth
.12
714
0E 9
5N
Fill
of L
ate/
Post
Me-
diev
al p
it-
124
Mid
yel
low
ish b
row
n fir
m s
andy
cla
y. Ve
ry
smal
l sto
nes
and
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al.
Und
er
C.1
26, o
ver
C.1
28. M
easu
red
2.4m
by
1.45
m
by 0
.2m
dep
th.
128
140E
95N
Fi
ll of
Lat
e/Po
st M
e-di
eval
pit
- 12
4Li
ght g
reyi
sh b
row
n fir
m sa
ndy
clay
. Occ
asio
n-al
ver
y sm
all s
tone
s and
char
coal
. Und
er C
.127
. M
easu
red
2.4m
by
1.45
m b
y 0.
12m
dep
th.
39
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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129
A+B
125E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.130
- 13
0M
id b
row
n so
ft sa
ndy
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one
and
very
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd s
mal
l sto
ne.
Mea
sure
d 1.
5m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
35m
dep
th.
-
130
A+B
125E
95N
Cut
of
pit
129
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s ve
rtic
al to
S a
nd o
th-
ers
slopi
ng,
base
slo
pes
to n
orth
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.179.
Mea
sure
d 1.
5m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
35m
de
pth.
-
131
- -
Re-
num
bere
d as
179
& 1
80K
ilken
ny-t
ype
war
e,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
okin
g w
are,
Bric
k, S
late
132
Re-
num
bere
d as
179
& 1
8013
3A+
B13
5E 9
5N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
134
- K
idne
y sh
aped
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e to
p sh
arp,
side
s ver
tical
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
. Ba
se fl
at,
sligh
t ce
ntra
l de
pres
-sio
n. M
easu
red
3.1m
by
3m b
y 0.
6m d
epth
.
-
134
135E
95N
Fi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
pit
- 13
3M
id b
row
n fr
iabl
e sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e,
smal
l sto
nes
and
pebb
les.
Mea
sure
d 3.
1m b
y 3m
by
0.6m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Sai
nton
ge
gree
n gl
azed
, N
ail,
Slag
, Ir
on fr
agm
ent
135
A+B
12
0E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.136
- 13
6D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n cl
ayey
silt.
Mod
erat
e sm
all
stone
and
fre
quen
t pe
bble
s. 0.
8m b
y 0.
4m b
y 0.
15m
dep
th.
-
40
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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136
A+B
12
0E
100N
Cut
of
pit
135
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp,
sides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
impe
rcep
ti-bl
e, b
ase
undu
latin
g. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Fi
lled
with
C.1
35.
Trun
cate
d by
C.18
3. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.4m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.
-
138
A+B
140E
95N
C
ut o
f pit
139,
140
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op g
radu
al, s
ides
irre
gula
r to
N a
nd
W a
nd s
teep
to
S an
d E,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
irre
gula
r w
ith d
epre
ssio
n in
cen
-tr
e. M
easu
red
1.6m
by
1.5m
by
0.58
m d
epth
.
-
139
A+B
140E
95N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.1
38-
138
Mid
bro
wn
firm
silt
y cl
ay.
Mor
tar,
mod
erat
e sm
all
stone
s an
d oc
casio
nal
char
coal
. O
ver
C.14
0. M
easu
red
1.6m
by
1.5m
by
0.15
m
dept
h.
-
140
A+B
140E
95N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.1
38-
138
light
yel
low
ish b
row
n fir
m s
andy
cla
y. Sm
all
and
larg
e sto
nes a
nd b
rick.
Und
er C
.139
. Mea
s-ur
ed 1
.6m
by
1.5m
by
0.43
m d
epth
.
141
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pit
142
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slop
e to
p sh
arp,
side
s gra
dual
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, ba
se c
onca
ve.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Mea
sure
d 1.
6m b
y 1.
5m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
-
142
105E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
141
- 14
1M
ottle
d or
ange
/bla
ck b
row
n fir
m s
ilty
clay
. Fr
eque
nt st
ones
, ash
and
cha
rcoa
l flec
ks. M
eas-
ured
1.6
m b
y 1.
5m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
-
41
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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143
E1
05
E 10
0NC
ut o
f pit
144
- C
ircul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s und
ercu
t and
then
gra
d-ua
l, br
eak
of sl
ope
base
gra
dual
, bas
e co
ncav
e.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Trun
cate
d by
C.1
66.
Mea
s-ur
ed 2
.5m
by
2.3m
by
0.55
m d
epth
.
144
10
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.143
- 14
3D
ark
brow
n fir
m si
lty a
shy
clay
. Fre
quen
t cha
r-co
al fl
ecks
and
bur
nt c
lay.
Mea
sure
d 2.
5m b
y 2.
3m b
y 0.
55m
dep
th.
145
110E
95N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.14
6-
146
Mid
gre
yish
bro
wn
soft
sand
y cl
ay.
Ani
mal
bo
ne a
nd o
ccas
iona
l sm
all
stone
s. M
easu
red
1.4m
by
1m b
y 0.
15m
dep
th.
146
E 11
0E 9
5N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
145
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op g
radu
al, s
ides
con
cave
and
sh
allo
w, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 1m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
U
nide
ntifi
ed
med
ieva
l po
ttery
147
10
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.148
- 14
8D
ark
brow
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. O
ccas
iona
l cha
r-co
al, d
ecay
ed st
one a
nd m
orta
r. M
easu
red
0.7m
by
0.6
6m b
y 0.
3m d
epth
.
148
E1
05
E 10
0NC
ut o
f pit
147
- C
ircul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp,
sides
gr
adua
lly s
lopi
ng, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se r
ound
ed.
Mea
sure
d 0.
7m b
y 0.
66m
by
0.33
m d
epth
.14
911
0E 9
5N
Fill
of p
it C
.150
- 15
0D
ark
brow
n fa
irly
com
pact
san
dy c
lay.
Fre-
quen
t sm
all s
tone
s, oc
casio
nal b
one
and
slag.
M
easu
red
1.06
m b
y 1m
by
0.14
m d
epth
.
42
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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150
E11
0E 9
5N
Cut
of p
it14
9-
Circ
ular
pit.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op g
radu
al, s
ides
ge
ntly
slop
ing,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase g
radu
al, b
ase
flat.
Mea
sure
d 1m
by
0.7m
by
0.37
m d
epth
.15
1E
11
0E
100N
Cut
of p
it15
2-
Ova
l pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe
top
shar
p, si
des
alm
ost v
ertic
al, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se g
radu
al to
shar
p, b
ase
undu
latin
g. O
rien-
tate
d N
-S. F
illed
with
C.15
2. M
easu
red
1m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
37m
dep
th.
152
11
0E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.151
- 15
1M
id to
dar
k br
own
loos
e sa
ndy
silt.
Bone
and
sm
all s
tone
s. M
easu
red
1m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
37m
de
pth.
153
E1
10
E 10
0NC
ut o
f pit
154
- Su
b-ov
al p
it w
ith r
ound
ed a
nd s
harp
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp S
and
W a
nd g
rad-
ual N
and
E, s
ides
ste
ep, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se u
neve
n. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Fi
lled
with
C.15
4. M
easu
red
1.4m
by
1.25
m b
y 0.
2m
dept
h.15
41
10
E 10
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.15
3-
153
Very
lig
ht b
row
n/gr
ey f
riabl
e sa
ndy
grav
el.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 1.
25m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
155
11
0E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.156
- 15
6D
ark
brow
n m
oder
ately
com
pact
silt
y cl
ay.
Ston
e, c
harc
oal
and
orga
nic
mat
eria
l. M
eas-
ured
0.6
m b
y 0.
42m
by
0.06
m d
epth
.
43
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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156
E1
10
E 10
0NC
ut o
f pit
155
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e to
p sh
arp
on N
and
W a
nd u
n-de
fined
on
E an
d S,
side
s gra
dual
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, bas
e une
ven.
Orie
ntat
ed N
W-S
E.
Fille
d w
ith C
.155.
Mea
sure
d 0.
6m b
y 0.
42m
by
0.06
m d
epth
.15
91
10
E 10
5NC
ut o
f pit
160
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p gr
adua
l and
var
ied,
sid
es g
radu
al,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
und
ulat
ing.
O
rient
ated
E-W
. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
1.2m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
160
11
0E
105N
Fill
of p
it C
.159
- 15
9D
ark
brow
n lo
ose
sand
y cl
ay. B
one,
gra
vel a
nd
15%
peb
bles
. Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
2m
dept
h.
161
11
0E
105N
Fill
of p
it C
.162
- 16
2G
reyi
sh b
row
n fa
irly
com
pact
cla
yey
sand
. 40
% sm
all s
tone
s and
occ
asio
nal a
nim
al b
one.
M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
25m
by
0.24
m d
epth
.
162
E1
10
E 10
5N
Cut
of p
it16
1-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d an
d sq
uare
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp,
sides
ver
ti-ca
l and
slop
ed o
n W
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p,
base
flat
. Orie
ntat
ed N
E-SW
. M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
25m
by
0.24
m d
epth
.16
310
5E 9
5NFi
ll of
pit
- 16
4D
ark
brow
n fir
m si
lty cl
ay. F
requ
ent s
tone
s, oc
-ca
siona
l ch
arco
al,
mor
tar
and
deca
yed
stone
. M
easu
red
2.5m
by
1.48
m b
y 0.
44m
dep
th.
44
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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164
E10
5E 9
5N
Cut
of p
it16
3-
Sem
i-circ
ular
pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak
of sl
ope
top
shar
p, si
des g
radu
al, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se
grad
ual,
base
un
dula
ting.
O
rient
ated
ea
st-w
est.
Mea
sure
d 2.
5m b
y 1.
48m
by
0.44
m
dept
h.16
81
00
E 10
5NSe
wag
e ou
tlet
con-
nect
ed to
cul
vert
un-
der s
tree
t pav
emen
t
- -
Rec
tang
ular
ston
e and
bric
k se
wag
e out
let w
ith
squa
red
corn
ers.
Wal
ls m
ade
up o
f ro
ughl
y co
urse
d sto
ne a
nd b
rick
with
sand
mor
tar.
Slat
e flo
or.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Mea
sure
d 1.
8m b
y 1.
3m b
y 1.
1.m
dep
th.
-
169
A+B
125E
95N
Fill
of L
ate/
Post
Me-
diev
al p
it-
170
Dar
k br
own
firm
silty
cla
y. Tr
ee ro
ots,
deca
yed
stone
, m
orta
r, ch
arco
al a
nd f
requ
ent
stone
. M
easu
red
2.16
m b
y 1.
35m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
Fr
eche
n w
are
170
A+B
125E
95N
C
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t16
9-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp a
nd g
radu
al t
o N
, sid
es v
ertic
al, g
radu
al to
N, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se u
ndul
atin
g. O
rient
ated
NW
-SE.
M
easu
red
2.16
m b
y 1.
35m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
171
A+B
12
0E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.172
- 17
2D
ark
brow
n fa
irly
com
pact
sand
y cl
ay. O
rgan
ic
mat
eria
l and
occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
9m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
54m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
Le
inste
r coo
king
war
e17
2A+
B1
20
E 10
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
171
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des g
radu
al, b
reak
of
base
shar
p, b
ase fl
at. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Tr
unca
t-ed
by
C.17
4. M
easu
red
1.9m
by
1.1m
by
0.54
m
dept
h.
45
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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173
A+B
12
0E
100N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
174
Dar
k br
own
fairl
y co
mpa
ct s
andy
cla
y. A
ni-
mal
bon
e, o
ccas
iona
l sm
all
stone
, m
ore
fre-
quen
t sto
ne a
nd y
ello
w c
lay
at e
dge
trun
catin
g pi
t C
.172.
Mea
sure
d 2.
1m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
45m
de
pth.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
, C
lay
pipe
stem
174
A+B
12
0E
100N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
173
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des s
trai
ght,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase s
harp
, bas
e flat
. Tr
unca
tes p
it C
.172.
Tr
unca
ted
by d
itch
C.17
9. M
easu
red
2.1m
by
1.8m
by
0.45
m d
epth
.17
5A+
B13
5E 8
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.17
6-
176
Mid
gre
y/br
own
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct si
lty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e an
d sm
all-m
ediu
m st
ones
. Mea
s-ur
ed 2
.3m
by
2.2m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
176
A+B
135E
85N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it17
5-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s co
ncav
e, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e slo
ped
tow
ards
sout
hern
end
and
roun
ded.
Mea
sure
d 2.
3m b
y 2.
2m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.
177
A+B
12
5E
100N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
178
Dar
k br
own
loos
e sil
ty c
lay.
Roo
ts,
char
coal
, m
orta
r, an
imal
bon
e an
d de
caye
d sto
ne. M
eas-
ured
2.4
3m b
y 0.
8m b
y 0.
53m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e war
e, C
lay
pipe
stem
s,
178
A+B
12
5E
100N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
177
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des v
ertic
al, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e und
ulat
ing.
Orie
ntat
ed
N-S
. Tru
ncat
ed b
y di
tch
C.18
3. T
runc
ates
pit
C.17
0. M
easu
red
2.43
m b
y 0.
8m b
y 0.
53m
de
pth.
46
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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179
13
5E
100N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
linea
r ditc
h18
0-
Line
ar d
itch.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es
shar
p, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e co
ncav
e.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W. F
illed
with
C.18
0. T
runc
ates
pi
t C.18
1 an
d pi
t C.17
4. M
easu
red
10.8
0m b
y 0.
9m
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe co
okin
g war
e,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Gla
zed
red
eart
h-en
war
e,
Nor
th
Dev
on
grav
el f
ree,
Bla
ck g
laze
d w
are,
Cla
y pi
pe s
tem
s &
bo
wl f
ragm
ents
, Sla
g18
01
35
E 10
0NFi
ll of
ditc
h La
te M
e-di
eval
/Pos
t-Med
ieva
l di
tch
- 17
9M
id b
row
n so
ft sil
ty c
lay.
Occ
asio
nal
stone
s an
d ch
arco
al fl
ecks
. Mea
sure
d 10
.80m
by 0
.9m
.
181
A+B
13
5E
100N
Cut
of p
it-
182
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
ste
ep, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e sha
rp, b
ase c
onca
ve. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.179.
Mea
sure
d 1.
56m
by
1.1m
by
0.3
5m d
epth
.
-
182
A+B
13
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.181
181
- Li
ght-m
id b
row
n ha
rd c
lay.
Freq
uent
med
ium
sto
nes,
occa
siona
l sm
all
stone
s an
d ch
arco
al.
Mea
sure
d 1.
56m
by
1.1m
by
0.35
m d
epth
.
-
183
12
0E
100N
Cut
of l
inea
r ditc
h18
4, 1
85-
Line
ar d
itch.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es
vert
ical
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t. O
rient
atio
n W
SW-E
NE.
Tru
ncat
es p
it C
.178.
M
easu
red
4.9m
by
1.1m
by
0.75
m d
epth
.
47
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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184
12
0E
100N
Fill
of d
itch
183
- 18
3
Nor
th D
evon
gra
vel f
ree,
C
lay
pipe
ste
m,
met
al
frag
men
t18
51
20
E 10
0N
Fill
of d
itch
C.18
3-
183
Dar
k br
own
loos
e silt
y cl
ay. A
nim
al b
one i
nclu
-sio
ns. M
easu
red
4.9m
by
1.1m
by
0.75
m d
epth
.K
ilken
ny-t
ype
war
e,
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are,
N
orth
Dev
on g
rave
l fre
e,
Gla
ss,
Cla
y pi
pe
stem
, Br
ick
186
A+B
12
0E
95N
C
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
187
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es g
entle
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se c
onca
ve. O
rient
at-
ed E
-W.
Mea
sure
d 1.
75m
by
1.6m
by
0.25
m
dept
h.
187
12
0E
95N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.18
6-
186
Ligh
t m
ottle
d br
own
hard
cla
y. O
ccas
iona
l m
ediu
m a
nd f
requ
ent
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
75m
by
1.6m
by
0.25
m d
epth
.19
0A+
B13
0E 9
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.19
1-
191
Dar
k bl
acki
sh b
row
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. Fr
eque
nt
stone
, esp
ecia
lly in
sout
h of
pit
and
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al. M
easu
red
1.97
m b
y 1.
53m
by
0.71
m
dept
h.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe co
okin
g war
e,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Bon
e, N
ail,
Slag
191
A+B
130E
95N
C
ut o
f mod
ern
pit
190
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e to
p sh
arp
on S
and
N a
nd g
rad-
ual
on o
ther
s, sid
es s
teep
and
und
ercu
t on
S
and
SW, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Tru
ncat
es C
.245
. M
easu
res
1.97
m b
y 1.
53m
by
0.71
m d
epth
.
Ston
ewar
e,
Pear
lwar
e,
Tran
sfer
prin
ted
war
e,
Shel
l edg
ed w
are,
por
ce-
lain
, Bl
ack
glaz
ed w
are,
G
laze
d re
d ea
rthe
nwar
e,
Gla
ss
48
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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192
135E
85N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
193
Dar
k gr
ey/b
row
n so
ft sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e an
d oc
casio
nal s
mal
l to
med
ium
ston
es. M
eas-
ures
1.6
m b
y 1.
4m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
type
war
e
193
A+B
135E
85N
C
ut o
f Lat
e Med
ieva
l pi
t19
2-
Sub-
tria
ngul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of sl
ope
top
shar
p, si
des c
onca
ve, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
sligh
tly c
onca
ve.
Mea
sure
s 1.
6m b
y 1.
4m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.19
4A+
B1
20
E 95
N
Fill
of p
it C
.195
- 19
5D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n so
ft sil
ty c
lay.
Bone
, mod
-er
ate
stone
s and
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal.
Mea
sure
s 2.
2m b
y 1.
48m
by
0.95
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
, Pe
arlw
are
wal
l tile
, Nai
l-lik
e ob
ject
s19
5A+
B1
20
E 95
N
Cut
of p
it19
4-
Sub-
oval
pit.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe to
p sh
arp
on N
W
and
S an
d gr
adua
l on
othe
rs, s
ides
ste
ep a
nd
unde
rcut
on
S, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e ro
unde
d po
int.
Orie
ntat
ed N
W-S
E. M
easu
res
2.2m
by
1.48
m b
y 0.
95m
dep
th.
196
A+B
13
0E
90N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
197
Dar
k gr
eyish
bro
wn
sand
y cl
ay. B
one
and
me-
dium
size
d sto
nes.
Mea
sure
s 2.4
m b
y 1.
3m b
y 0.
15m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
,19
7A+
B1
30
E 90
NC
ut o
f pit
196
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Side
s st
raig
ht, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Trun
cate
s pi
t C
.259
. Mea
sure
s 2.
4m b
y 1.
3m b
y 0.
15m
de
pth.
49
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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198
12
5E
100N
Cut
of m
oder
n pi
t19
9-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
sha
rp c
orne
rs. B
reak
of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es v
ertic
al,
stepp
ed a
t E,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
flat,
steep
ed
dow
n at
wes
t. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Tr
unca
ted
by
mod
ern
dist
urba
nce.
Mea
sure
s 1.
5m b
y 0.
9m
dept
h.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
ooki
ng w
are
199
12
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.198
and
linea
r fea
ture
C.2
08-
19
8,
208
Mid
bro
wn
fria
ble
silty
cla
y. M
orta
r, an
imal
bo
ne, s
mal
l and
larg
e sto
nes.
Mea
sure
s 3.
75m
by
2m
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe co
okin
g war
e,
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are,
T
in g
laze
d ea
rthe
nwar
e,
Wes
terw
ald,
C
lay
pie,
G
lass
shar
ds, W
ood
202
A+B
12
5E
100N
Cut
of p
it20
3-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
grad
ual,
sides
gen
tle, b
reak
of
slop
e ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
conc
ave.
Orie
ntat
ed
E-W
. Fi
lled
with
C.2
03.
Mea
sure
s 0.
7m b
y 0.
6m b
y 0.
35m
dep
th.
203
A+B
12
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.202
- 20
2M
id y
ello
wish
bro
wn
firm
sand
y cl
ay. M
oder
n m
orta
r, oc
casio
nal c
harc
oal fl
ecks
and
freq
uent
sm
all s
tone
s. M
easu
res 0
.7m
by
0.6m
by
0.35
m
dept
h.
-
206
12
5E
100N
Cut
of m
oder
n pi
t20
7-
Ova
l pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe
top
shar
p, si
des s
teep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase s
harp
, ba
se fl
at. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Tr
unca
ted
by m
od-
ern
dist
urba
nce.
Mea
sure
d 1.
6m b
y 1m
by
0.8m
dep
th.
50
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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207
12
5E
100N
Fill
of p
it C
.206
- 20
7D
ark
brow
n fir
m si
lty cl
ay. M
orta
r, sm
all s
tone
s an
d ch
arco
al. M
easu
red
1.6m
by
1m b
y 0.
8m
dept
h.
208
12
5E
100N
Cut
of m
oder
n pi
t19
9-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar l
pit/i
near
feat
ure w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of sl
ope
top
shar
p, si
des v
ertic
al,
brea
k of
slop
e ba
se sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
N
E-SW
. Tr
unca
ted
by m
oder
n di
stur
banc
e.
Mea
sure
d 3.
26m
by
0.5m
by
0.6m
dep
th.
212
D14
0E 7
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
213
- O
val
pit
with
N/S
lin
ear
exte
nsio
n. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp a
nd g
radu
al,
sides
ste
ep a
nd
shal
low,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p an
d im
per-
cept
ible.
Bas
e fla
t an
d irr
egul
ar.
Orie
ntat
ed
E-W
. M
easu
red
2.4m
by 1
.6m
by 0
.35m
dep
th.
213
140E
70N
Fill
of p
it C
.212
- 21
2M
id g
rey/
brow
n lo
ose
fine
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al
bone
, sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 2.
4m b
y 1.
6m b
y 0.
35m
dep
th.
-
214
A+B
12
0E
90N
Cut
of m
oder
n pi
t21
5-
Irre
gula
r pi
t cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs. B
reak
of
slop
e top
gra
dual
, sid
es g
entle
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, ba
se u
neve
n. O
rient
ated
N-S
.Tr
unca
tes C
.216
. Mea
sure
d 1.
1m b
y 0.
95m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
215
A+B
12
0E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
214
- 21
4M
id b
row
n fir
m si
lty c
lay.
Occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal
and
frequ
ent
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
1m b
y 0.
95m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
-
51
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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216
A+B
12
0E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
217
- O
val p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs. B
reak
of s
lope
to
p sh
arp,
side
s ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sha
rp,
base
con
cave
. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Tr
unca
ted
by
C.2
14 a
nd C
.218
. Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 0.
9m b
y 0.
6m d
epth
.21
71
20
E 90
NFi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
pit
- 21
6M
id-d
ark
brow
n fir
m s
ilty
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e an
d oc
casio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 0.
9m b
y 0.
6m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
war
e, G
laze
d re
d ea
rthe
nwar
e21
8A+
B12
5E 9
0NC
ut o
f mod
ern
pit
219
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t cu
t w
ith
roun
ded
cor-
ners
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es s
teep
and
gr
adua
l at S
W, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
NW
-SE.
C
onte
mpo
rary
with
C
.220
. Tru
ncat
es C
.216
. Mea
sure
d 2.
65m
by
1.45
m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.21
9A+
B12
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
adj
acen
t pi
ts
C.2
18 a
nd C
.220
- 2
18
, 22
0M
ediu
m b
row
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
5%
sm
all
to m
ediu
m s
tone
s an
d oc
casio
nal
char
coal
flec
ks.
Mea
sure
d 3m
by
2.65
m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.
Nai
l,
220
A+B
125E
90N
Cut
of m
oder
n pi
t21
9-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
shar
p at
N a
nd g
radu
al a
ll ot
hers
, sid
es g
radu
al, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gra
du-
al an
d im
perc
eptib
le, b
ase fl
at. O
rient
ated
E-W
. C
onte
mpo
rary
with
C.2
18. M
easu
red
2.2m
by
1.2m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
52
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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221
D65
NC
ut o
f lin
ear f
urro
w22
2-
Line
ar f
urro
w. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e con
cave
. E-
W o
rient
ated
. M
easu
red
1.6m
by
0.3m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
222
65N
Fill
of fu
rrow
C.2
21-
221
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 16
m b
y 0.
3m b
y 0.
15m
dep
th.
-
223
D14
0E 6
5NC
ut o
f Lat
e Med
ieva
l pi
t22
4-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of sl
ope
top
shar
p, si
des c
onca
ve b
ecom
-in
g ve
rtic
al, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se
roun
ded.
Orie
ntat
ion
NE-
SW.
Trun
cate
d by
m
oder
n di
stur
banc
e. M
easu
red
2.1m
by
0.9m
by
1.1
m d
epth
.22
414
0E 6
5NFi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
pit
- 22
4D
ark
brow
n so
ft cl
ayey
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e, o
c-ca
siona
l cha
rcoa
l and
sm
all s
tone
s. M
easu
red
2.1m
by
0.9m
by
1.1m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
keny
-typ
e co
okin
g w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
R
edcl
iffe?
, Sla
g22
514
0E 6
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.2
26-
226
Ligh
t gr
eyish
bro
wn
firm
silt
y cl
ay.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
mod
erat
e sm
all
stone
s an
d oc
casio
nal
char
coal
flec
ks.
Mea
sure
d 1.
37m
by
1.1m
by
0.23
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Br
ick
53
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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226
D14
0E 6
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t22
5-
Poss
ibly
sub-
rect
angu
lar p
it. B
reak
of s
lope
top
Gra
dual
, sh
arp
at N
, sid
es g
radu
ally
slo
ping
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at.
Orie
n-ta
ted
E-W
. Tr
unca
tes p
it C
.228
. Tru
ncat
ed b
y m
oder
n di
stur
banc
e. M
easu
red
1.37
m b
y 1.
1m
by 0
.23m
dep
th.
227
140E
65N
Fill
of p
it C
.228
- 22
8D
ark
grey
loos
e sil
ty c
lay.
Roo
ts, s
hell,
ani
mal
bo
ne a
nd st
ones
. Mea
sure
d 1.
65m
by
1.36
m b
y 0.
37m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e war
e, C
lay
pipe
stem
228
D14
0E 6
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t22
7-
Sub
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
sha
rp a
nd r
ound
ed
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op g
radu
al, u
nder
cut
on W
, sid
es g
radu
al,
vert
ical
at
W,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase g
radu
al, s
harp
at W
, bas
e und
ulat
ing.
O
rient
ated
NE-
SW.
Trun
cate
d by
pit
C.2
26
and
mod
ern
dist
urba
nce.
Mea
sure
d 1.
65m
by
1.36
m b
y 0.
37m
dep
th.
229
A+B
12
0E
90N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it23
0-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
gra
dual
and
sha
rp,
sides
gra
dual
an
d ste
pped
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
irr
egul
ar. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Mea
sure
d 1.
8m b
y 1.
5m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
230
A+B
12
0E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.229
- 22
9M
ediu
m b
row
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
oc
casio
nal
char
coal
and
20%
med
ium
siz
ed
stone
s, m
ainl
y at
bas
e. M
easu
red
1.8m
by
1.5m
by
0.4
5m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
ok-
ing
war
e, K
ilken
ny-t
ype
coar
se w
are,C
oppe
r Allo
y fr
agm
ent
54
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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231
A+B
13
0E
90N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it23
2-
Ova
l pi
t cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es s
teep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
sha
rp, b
ase
flat/c
onca
ve. O
rient
ated
N-S
. M
easu
red
3.2m
by
1.8m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
232
13
0E
90N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.2
31-
231
Mid
bro
wn
firm
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
occ
a-sio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd fr
eque
nt st
ones
at b
ase,
pos
-sib
le lin
ing.
Mea
sure
d 3.
2m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
3m
dept
h.
233
D15
0E 6
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.2
34-
234
Ligh
t br
own
fria
ble
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
oc
casio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd s
mal
l peb
bles
. M
eas-
ured
1m
by
0.46
m b
y 0.
19m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
okin
g w
are
234
D15
0E 6
5NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
233
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
grad
ual,
sides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, bas
e flat
, slo
ping
to N
. Orie
ntat
ed
N-S
. Mea
sure
d 1m
by
0.46
m b
y 0.
19m
dep
th.
235
D60
NC
ut o
f m
edie
val l
in-
ear d
itch
236
- Li
near
ditc
h. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp,
sides
bo
th co
ncav
e and
conv
ex a
long
leng
th, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se r
ound
ed a
nd u
neve
n.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W. L
ocat
ed a
t so
uthe
rn e
dge
of
exca
vatio
n an
d co
ntin
ues
off-si
te.
Mea
sure
d 10
.5m
by
2m b
y c.
0.4
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Lat
e Lo
cal
war
e, G
laze
d re
d ea
rth-
enw
are,
Cla
y pi
pe s
tem
, Br
ick,
Nai
l23
660
NFi
ll of
ditc
h C
.235
- 23
5M
id-d
ark
brow
n fir
m sa
ndy
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e,
mod
erat
e sm
all-m
ediu
m
stone
s. M
easu
red
10.5
m b
y 2m
by
c. 0
.4m
dep
th.
55
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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237
A+B
130E
85N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it23
8-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
gra
dual
, sid
es m
oder
ately
slo
ping
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
flat
. O
rient
ated
N
E-SW
. Tr
unca
ted
by
C.2
45.
Mea
sure
d 1.
45m
by
0.6m
by
0.12
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe co
okin
g war
e,
Lein
ster c
ooki
ng w
are
238
130E
85N
Fill
of p
it C
.237
- 23
7D
ark
brow
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
5%
m
ediu
m st
ones
and
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal fl
ecks
. M
easu
red
1.45
m b
y 0.
6m b
y 0.
12m
dep
th.
239
D70
NC
ut o
f fur
row
240
- Li
near
fur
row.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es
conc
ave,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
flat
. O
rient
ated
E-W
. M
easu
red
7.1m
by
0.38
m b
y 0.
14m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
240
70N
Fill
of fu
rrow
C.2
39-
239
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 7.1
m b
y 0.
38m
by
0.14
m d
epth
.24
1D
75N
Cut
of f
urro
w24
2-
Line
ar f
urro
w. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
co
ncav
e an
d ste
ep, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e sh
arp,
ro
unde
d ba
se.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Mea
sure
d 8.
8m b
y 0.
3m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
242
75N
Fill
of fu
rrow
C.2
41-
241
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 8.
8m b
y 0.
3m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
-
243
D80
NC
ut o
f fur
row
244
- Li
near
fur
row.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es
conc
ave,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
flat
. O
rient
ated
E-W
. M
easu
red
17.3
m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
22m
dep
th.
56
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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244
80N
Fill
of fu
rrow
C.2
43-
243
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 17
.3m
by
0.7m
by
0.22
m d
epth
.
-
245
A+B
13
0E
90N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
246
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es s
teep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
undu
latin
g. O
rient
ated
N
-S.
Trun
cate
s C.2
38. M
easu
red
3.2m
by
3m
by 0
.45m
dep
th.
246
13
0E
90N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
245
Mid
yel
low
ish/m
ottle
d br
own
firm
sand
y cl
ay.
Ani
mal
bon
e, o
ccas
iona
l cha
rcoa
l, bu
rnt
clay
. M
easu
red
3.2m
by
3m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
N
ail
249
Poss
ible
pit
cut
(1.5
0mN
of 2
48)
250
Poss
ible
pit
cut
(2.5
0mN
W o
f 249
)
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are,
T
in g
laze
d ea
rthe
nwar
e25
1C
125E
75N
C
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
287
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r cu
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op g
radu
al, s
ides
ste
eply
slo
p-in
g, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se u
neve
n an
d fla
t. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.322
. Mea
sure
d 1.
22m
by
1.2
5m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
57
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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254
105E
95N
Post-
med
ieva
l co
b-bl
esto
ne su
rfac
e26
4-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
rem
ains
of
cobb
led s
urfa
ce,
trun
cate
d on
all
sides
by
mod
ern
dist
urba
nce.
M
ade
of r
ound
ed m
ediu
m si
zed
stone
. Orie
n-ta
ted
E-W
. Dra
in in
cob
bles
runs
ESE
-WN
W.
Und
er C
.264
. Ove
r pits
C.2
88, C
.297
, C.3
12,
C.3
08,
C.3
18 a
nd d
epos
it C
.314
. M
easu
red
6.73
m b
y 2.
47m
wid
th.
Mot
tled
war
e?
255
135E
75N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
256
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
sha
rp,
base
rou
nded
. T
runc
ates
C.2
57.
Trun
cate
d by
sou
ther
n ed
ge o
f ex
cava
tion.
M
easu
red
1.48
m b
y 0.
86m
by
0.36
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
256
135E
75N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
255
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k fr
iabl
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
48m
by
0.86
m b
y 0.
36m
dep
th.
257
C13
5E 7
5N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
258
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es c
onca
ve a
nd s
tepp
ed,
brea
k of
slop
e ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
flat.
Orie
nta-
tion
E-W
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.255
and
sou
ther
n ed
ge o
f ex
cava
tion.
Mea
sure
d 3.
55m
by
1.6m
by
0.6
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
war
e
258
135E
75N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
257
Ligh
t br
own
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
silt
. A
nim
al b
one,
char
coal
and
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
s-ur
ed 3
.55m
by
1.6m
by
0.6m
dep
th.
58
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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259
A+B
135E
85N
C
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t26
0-
Ova
l pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe
top
shar
p, s
ides
ver
tical
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e co
ncav
e. O
rient
ated
E-W
. T
run-
cate
d by
C.1
33 a
nd C
.197.
Mea
sure
d 3.
3m b
y 2.
2m b
y 1.
6m d
epth
.26
013
5E 8
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.2
59-
259
Ligh
t m
ottle
d br
own
soft
sand
y cl
ay. A
nim
al
bone
and
freq
uent
larg
e sto
nes
loca
ted
mai
nly
at b
ase
and
sides
. Mea
sure
d 3.
3m b
y 2.
2m b
y 1.
6m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Sai
nton
ge
gree
n gl
azed
, Bric
k26
1A+
B14
0E 8
5NC
ut o
f Lat
e Med
ieva
l pi
t2
63
, 27
0-
Cut
of
circ
ular
pit.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op s
harp
, ve
ry s
teep
sid
es,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
con
cave
. Fi
lled
with
C.2
63 a
nd C
.270
. Tr
unca
ted
by p
it C
.267
and
lin
ear
feat
ure
C.2
71. M
easu
red
2.3m
by 2
.2m
by 0
.5m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
ooki
ng w
are
262
140E
85N
Fill
of p
it -
285
Mix
ed b
lack
/dar
k gr
ey b
row
n lo
ose
fine
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
bur
nt b
one,
fre
quen
t ch
ar-
coal
, occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes,
burn
t cla
y. M
eas-
ured
1.7
m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
3m d
epth
.
263
140E
85N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t -
261
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al fl
ecks
and
sm
all
stone
s. M
easu
red
2.3m
by 2
.2m
by 0
.6m
dep
th.
264
135E
75N
Com
pact
ed
depo
sit
betw
een
stone
s of
co
bbled
surf
ace
- 25
4Li
ght-d
ark
brow
n ha
rd s
ilty
clay
. O
ccas
iona
l sm
all s
tone
s, od
our
of h
orse
dro
ppin
gs. O
ver
C.2
54. M
easu
red
6.73
m b
y 2.
47m
.
59
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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267
A+B
140E
85N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
26
8,
269
- C
ut o
f ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp,
sides
ste
ep,
uncl
ear
at E
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se c
onca
ve.
Tru
ncat
es p
it C
.261
. Tr
unca
ted
by p
it C
.285
. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
1.7m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
H
am G
reen
B,
Lein
ster
cook
ing
war
e
268
140E
85N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
267
Mid
gre
y/br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
stone
s an
d ch
arco
al.
Gra
vel l
ens a
t wes
tern
edg
e. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
1.7m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
269
140E
85N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
267
Dar
k bl
ack/
grey
loos
e fin
e sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
bu
rnt
mat
eria
l, ch
arco
al r
ich.
Mea
sure
d 1.
7m
by 1
.7m
by
0.05
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
270
140E
85N
Fill
of L
ate
Med
ieva
l pi
t-
261
Mot
tled
pale
oran
ge/
mid
gre
y br
own
mod
er-
ately
com
pact
fine
silt
y cl
ay. O
ccas
iona
l sm
all
stone
s. Sm
all p
atch
es o
f mat
eria
l in
base
of c
ut.
Mea
sure
d 0.
06m
dep
th.
-
271
140E
85N
Cut
of l
inea
r fea
ture
272
- Li
near
cut.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des s
teep
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e co
ncav
e. O
ri-en
tate
d N
E-SW
. Tr
unca
ted
by m
oder
n w
all.
Trun
cate
s C
.261
. Tr
unca
ted
by m
oder
n w
all
C.2
86.
Mea
sure
d 2.
7m b
y 0.
75m
by
0.25
m
dept
h.27
214
0E 8
5NFi
ll of
line
ar fe
atur
e -
271
Mid
gre
y-br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l sm
all
stone
s an
d ch
arco
al
fleck
s. M
easu
red
2.7m
by
0.75
m b
y 0.
25m
de
pth.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Silt
sto
ne o
r sla
te
60
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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273
D15
0E 9
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.2
74-
274
Brow
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
roo
ts,
smal
l an
d m
ediu
m s
tone
s in
com
pact
lay
er
at b
ase.
Mea
sure
d 2.
15m
by
0.66
m b
y 0.
59m
de
pth.
274
D15
0E 9
5NC
ut o
f pi
t lo
cate
d at
no
rthe
rn e
dge
of e
x-ca
vatio
n
273
- Se
mi-c
ircul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
top
sha
rp,
sides
ver
tical
and
und
ercu
t to
W a
nd S
, bre
ak
of sl
ope
base
gra
dual
, bas
e slo
ping
. Orie
ntat
ed
E-W
. M
easu
red
2.15
m b
y 0.
66m
by
0.59
m
dept
h.27
5A+
B14
0E 9
0NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t27
6-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
ba
se i
mpe
rcep
tible,
bas
e ro
unde
d.
Trun
cate
d by
pits
C.2
77 a
nd C
.279
. Mea
sure
d 1.
9m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
65m
dep
th.
276
140E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.275
- 27
5D
ark
grey
bro
wn
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal,
frequ
ent
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
9m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
65m
de
pth.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are
277
A+B
140E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
278
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es v
ertic
al a
nd c
onca
ve,
brea
k of
slop
e ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
-ed
E-W
. Tr
unca
tes C
.276
. Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
55m
dep
th.
278
140E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.277
- 27
7D
ark
grey
bro
wn
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
occ
asio
nal
char
coal
flec
ks
and
smal
l sto
nes.
1.7m
by
1.1m
by
0.55
m.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
61
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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279
A+B
140E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
280
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
gen
tly r
ound
ed.
Orie
ntat
ed N
E-SW
. Tr
unca
tes p
its C
.275
and
C
.281
. Mea
sure
d 2m
by
1.1m
by
0.8m
dep
th.
280
140E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.279
- 27
9D
ark
grey
bro
wn
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes
and
char
coal
. Mea
sure
d 2m
by 1
.1m
by 0
.8m
dep
th.
281
A+B
140E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
282
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
shar
p, si
des g
radu
al at
SW
and
oth
ers
conc
ave,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase g
radu
al to
SW
and
ot
hers
shar
p, b
ase fl
at, s
lope
s dow
n fro
m S
W to
N
E. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW. T
runc
ated
by
C.2
79
and
mod
ern
wal
l C
.286
. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
1.2m
by
0.6m
dep
th.
282
140E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
281
- 28
1D
ark
grey
bro
wn
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
Occ
asio
nal
char
coal
and
sm
all s
tone
s. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
1.2m
by
0.6m
de
pth.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
ing
war
e, M
erid
a-ty
pe
283
C12
0E 8
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
284
- D
ark
grey
bro
wn
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
andy
sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
Occ
asio
nal
char
coal
and
sm
all
stone
s. M
easu
red
1.65
m b
y 1.
35m
by
0.6m
dep
th.
62
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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284
120E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.283
- 28
3M
ottle
d fir
m
mid
-ligh
t ye
llow
/bro
wn
clay
.A
nim
al b
one,
occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal fl
ecks
, 15%
re
depo
sited
nat
ural
. 1.6
5m b
y 1.
35m
by
0.6m
de
pth.
285
A+B
140E
85N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it26
2-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe t
op g
radu
al,
sides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
flat
base
. Tru
ncat
es p
it C
.267
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
286
D14
0EM
oder
n w
all
- -
N-S
or
ienta
ted
mod
ern
wal
l. C
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
l ap
pear
s to
hav
e be
en t
aken
fro
m a
n ea
rlier
str
uctu
re.
Ston
es a
nd b
rick
rand
omly
co
urse
d w
ith co
ncre
te to
secu
re in
pla
ces.
Trun
-ca
tes C
.271
and
C.2
81. 1
8m b
y 1.
3m b
y 0.
8m
dept
h.
1601
Eliz
abet
h 1
penn
y co
pper
coi
n
287
125E
75N
Fi
ll of
pit
C.2
51-
251
Soft
dark
gre
y cl
ayey
silt.
Inc
lusio
ns o
f ani
mal
bo
ne,
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al
fleck
s, m
oder
ate
smal
l to
med
ium
sto
nes.1
.22m
by
1.25
m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
-
288
E10
0E 9
5N
Cut
of l
inea
r pit
289
- Li
near
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
E-W
orie
nta-
tion.
Bre
ak o
f slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
stee
p sid
es, b
reak
of
slop
e ba
se sh
arp,
con
cave
bas
e. T
runc
ates
pit
C.3
6428
910
0E 9
5N
Fill
of p
it C
.288
- 28
8M
ottle
d da
rk b
lack
ish o
rang
e/br
own
firm
ash
y sil
t cla
y. In
clusio
ns o
f ani
mal
bon
e, b
urnt
cla
y, bu
rnt o
rgan
ic m
ater
ial,
cha
rcoa
l flec
ks. 1
.25m
by
0.5
m.
Disc
arde
d gl
ass,
Slag
63
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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290
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pit
291,
314
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
top
gra
dual
, sid
es g
radu
ally
slo
ping
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, co
ncav
e ba
se. C
onte
mpo
rary
with
ad-
jace
nt p
it C
.292
. Und
er d
epos
it C
.314
. Tru
n-ca
tes C
.310
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
291
105E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.290
- 29
0Lo
ose
mot
tled
oran
ge/re
d/lig
ht g
rey
silty
sand
.In
clusio
ns o
f ani
mal
bon
e, o
ccas
iona
l cha
rcoa
l fle
cks a
nd sm
all-m
ediu
m st
ones
, bur
nt cl
ay a
nd
clay
pip
e. 2
.4m
by
1.6m
by
2.5m
dep
th.
Cla
y pi
pe st
em
292
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pit
293,
314
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
-top
grad
ual,
sides
ste
ep a
nd i
rreg
ular
, br
eak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at a
nd ir
regu
lar.
Und
er C
.314
. 1.
2m b
y 1m
by
0.4m
dep
th.
293
105E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.292
- 29
2M
ottle
d or
ange
/red
and
mid
/dar
k gr
ey s
ilty
sand
. Ani
mal
bon
e, b
urnt
cla
y, fre
quen
t ch
ar-
coal
, oc
casio
nal
smal
l an
d m
ediu
m s
tone
s. 2.
4m b
y 1.
6m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
295
110E
90N
Post-
med
ieva
l w
all
rem
ains
L sh
aped
pos
t-med
ieva
l wal
l rem
ains
loca
ted
to
the
east
of c
obbl
es su
rfac
e C
.254
. Rou
ghly
cut
co
urse
d lim
esto
ne, l
arge
st 0.
55m
x 0
.3m
. Tru
n-ca
tes p
it C
323.
Mea
sure
d 8m
by
0.75
m.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
296
105E
95N
Fill
of p
it C
.297
- 29
7D
ark
brow
n/gr
ey si
lty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e w
ith
laye
r of
sto
nes
near
top
. M
easu
red
1.42
m b
y 1.
34m
by
0.52
m d
epth
.
64
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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297
D10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
296
- Su
b-sq
uare
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p gr
adua
l, sid
es g
radu
al, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
undu
latin
g. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW. F
illed
with
C.2
96. U
nder
cob
bled
surf
ace
C.2
54.
Mea
sure
d 1.
42m
by
1.34
m b
y 0.
52m
de
pth.
304
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t30
5-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of sl
ope
top
impe
rcep
tible,
side
s con
cave
, bre
ak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at.
Trun
cate
d by
C
.312
. M
easu
red
0.57
m b
y 0.
45m
by
0.02
m
dept
h.30
510
5E 9
5NFi
ll of
pit
C30
4-
304
Mot
tled
dark
gre
y/ye
llow
/dar
k or
ange
st
icky
sa
ndy
clay
ey s
ilt.
Occ
asio
nal
char
coal
. M
eas-
ured
0.5
7m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th b
y 0.
02m
dep
th.
-
306
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t30
7-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of sl
ope t
op g
radu
al, s
ides
conc
ave,
bre
ak
of sl
ope b
ase g
radu
al, b
ase r
ound
ed.
Trun
cate
d by
C.3
10 a
nd C
.312
. Mea
sure
d 0.
8m b
y 0.
62m
by
0.2
m d
epth
.30
710
5E 9
5NFi
ll of
pit
- 30
6D
ark
grey
/yel
low
/dar
k or
ange
st
icky
sa
ndy
clay
ey s
ilt.
Occ
asio
nal
char
coal
pie
ces.
Mea
s-ur
ed 0
.8m
by
0.62
m b
y 0.
2m d
epth
.
-
308
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t30
9-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
ba
se i
mpe
rcep
tible,
bas
e ro
unde
d.
Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
4m d
epth
.
65
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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309
105E
95N
Fill
of p
it-
308
Dar
k gr
ey, y
ello
w a
nd d
ark
oran
ge m
ottle
d fr
i-ab
le sa
ndy
clay
ey s
ilt. O
ccas
iona
l sm
all s
tone
s an
d ch
arco
al p
iece
s. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
1.2m
by
0.4
m d
epth
.
Cop
per
allo
y m
etal
fra
g-m
ent
310
E10
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t31
1-
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
ba
se i
mpe
rcep
tible,
bas
e ro
unde
d.
Trun
cate
d by
C.2
90. T
runc
ates
C.3
06. M
easu
red
0.6m
by
0.3m
by
0.25
m d
epth
.31
110
5E 9
5N
Fill
of p
it C
310
- 31
0Li
ght
grey
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
ilty
clay
. Oc-
casio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd fr
eque
nt sm
all l
imes
tone
. M
easu
red
0.6m
by
0.3m
by
0.25
m d
epth
.31
210
5E 9
5NC
ut o
f lin
ear f
eatu
re31
3-
Line
ar c
ut. B
reak
of s
lope
top
shar
p, si
des c
on-
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase g
radu
al, b
ase r
ound
ed.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Und
er co
bbled
surf
ace C
.254
. M
easu
red
2.3m
by
1.3m
by
0.4m
dep
th.
313
105E
95N
Fill
of li
near
feat
ure
- 31
2D
ark
grey
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct c
laye
y sil
t. A
ni-
mal
bon
e, fr
eque
nt sm
all l
imes
tone
. Mea
sure
d 2.
3m b
y 1.
3m b
y 0.
4m d
epth
.
-
314
E10
5E 9
5ND
epos
it ov
erly
ing
pits
- 2
91
, 29
3M
id-g
rey
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct fi
ne g
ritty
silt
y sa
nd d
epos
it re
late
d to
cob
bled
sur
face
con
-st
ruct
ion.
Fre
quen
t sm
all
to m
ediu
m s
tone
in
clusio
ns. U
nder
C.2
54. O
ver
pit
C.2
90 a
nd
C.2
92.
Mea
sure
d 2.
4m b
y 2.
3m b
y 0.
15m
de
pth.
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are,
C
lay
pipe
stem
s
66
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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315
E10
0E 9
5N
Line
ar c
ut31
6-
Line
ar cu
t with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e to
p, si
des s
teep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
conc
ave
and
irreg
ular
. Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Trun
-ca
ted
by C
.288
. Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 0.
45m
by
0.65
m d
epth
.31
6E
100E
95N
Fi
ll of
lin
ear
cut
C.3
15-
315
Ligh
t bro
wn
loos
e cl
ay. O
ccas
iona
l sm
all s
tone
an
d ch
arco
al.
Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 0.
45m
by
0.65
m d
epth
.31
7D
110E
95N
C
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
318
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of s
lope
top
shar
p, si
des
steep
and
irr
egul
ar, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e sh
arp
and
irreg
ular
. O
rient
ated
E-W
. U
nder
cob
-bl
ed su
rfac
e C.2
54. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
0.7m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are
318
110E
95N
Fi
ll of
pit
- 31
7M
ixed
pal
e ye
llow
/mid
gre
y lo
ose
coar
se sa
ndy
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e. O
ccas
iona
l sm
all a
nd m
od-
erat
e m
ediu
m s
tone
s. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
0.7m
by
0.3
m d
epth
.31
915
0E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
- 32
0D
ark
brow
n lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
bu
rnt
woo
d, o
ccas
iona
l sto
nes,
deca
yed
stone
an
d ro
ots.
Mea
sure
d 1.
68m
by
1.67
m b
y 0.
44m
de
pth.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
M
iscel
lane
ous
Fren
ch
potte
ry, L
eins
ter c
ooki
ng
war
e,
Sain
tong
e gr
een
glaz
ed, I
ron
nail
320
D15
0E 9
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
319
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of s
lope
top
shar
p, si
des
vert
ical
and
und
ercu
t on
the
NW
, br
eak
of
slope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se u
ndul
atin
g. M
easu
red
1.68
m b
y 1.
67m
by
0.44
m d
epth
.
67
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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321
125E
75N
Fi
ll of
Pos
t Med
ieva
l pi
t-
322
Dar
k gr
ey fi
rm s
ilty
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e, o
cca-
siona
l ch
arco
al a
nd s
mal
l to
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 0.
8m b
y 0.
4m b
y 0.
26m
dep
th.
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are
322
C12
5E 7
5N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
321
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp
on N
, gra
dual
on
W &
E, i
mpe
rcep
tible
on S
, sid
es N
& E
ver
tical
, W st
eep,
S im
perc
eptib
le,
brea
k of
slop
e ba
se g
radu
al, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
-ed
N-S
. Fill
ed w
ith C
.321
. Tru
ncat
es p
it C
.251
. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.4m
by
0.26
m d
epth
.32
3E
115E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
323
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
on
E &
W,
impe
rcep
tible
on S
, ba
se g
ently
roun
ded.
Tru
ncat
ed b
y w
all C
.295
. Tr
unca
tes C
.325
. Mea
sure
s 1.7
m b
y 1.
06m
by
0.59
m d
epth
.32
411
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
23-
324
Dar
k gr
ey fr
iabl
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e, o
c-ca
siona
l sm
all
and
med
ium
sto
nes.
Mea
sure
s 1.
7m b
y 1.
06m
by
0.48
m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
325
115E
90N
Cut
of P
ost-M
edie
val
linea
r fea
ture
326
- Li
near
cut
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s nea
r-ly
ver
tical
, con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p,
base
rou
nded
. Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Trun
cate
d by
C
.323
. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.62
m b
y 0.
34m
de
pth.
Gla
zed
red
eart
henw
are,
C
lay
pipe
stem
68
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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326
115E
90N
Fill
of L
inea
r fea
ture
-
325
Mid
gre
y m
oder
ately
com
pact
san
dy s
ilt. A
ni-
mal
bon
e, f
requ
ent
smal
l ro
unde
d lim
esto
ne,
pebb
les
at b
ase.
Mea
sure
d 0.
8m b
y 0.
62m
by
0.34
m d
epth
.32
711
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
Pos
t Med
ieva
l pi
t-
323
Ligh
t gr
ey lo
ose
silty
san
d. A
nim
al a
nd b
urnt
bo
ne,
very
fre
quen
t sm
all
roun
ded
pebb
les.
Mea
sure
d 0.
9m b
y 0.
46m
by
0.26
m d
epth
.32
814
5E 9
5NFi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
pit C
.329
- 32
9D
ark
brow
n-gr
ey lo
ose
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
oy
ster s
hell,
mod
erat
e sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 0.
93m
by
0.5
9m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
C
oppe
r allo
y to
ken
329
D14
5E 9
5N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it32
8-
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
grad
ual,
sides
gra
dual
, Ver
-tic
al t
o N
, Bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
Gra
dual
, bas
e un
dula
ting.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Mea
sure
d 0.
93m
by
0.5
9m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
331
D14
5E 9
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
33
2,
345
- Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r pi
t w
ith
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des v
ertic
al, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t, slo
ping
from
NE
to
SW. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW.
Trun
cate
d by
C. 3
46
and
C.3
43. M
easu
red
1.8m
by
1m b
y 0.
74m
de
pth.
332
145E
85N
Fill
of p
it C
.331
- 33
1Li
ght
yello
w g
rey
loos
e sil
ty s
and.
Fre
quen
t gr
avel
and
occ
asio
nal s
mal
l lim
esto
ne p
ebbl
es.
Mea
sure
d 1.
2m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
1m d
epth
.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
oars
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
ing
war
e
69
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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333
145E
85N
Fi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
pit
- 33
4M
id g
rey
firm
silt
y cl
ay.
Ani
mal
bon
e, o
cca-
siona
l ch
arco
al a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
96m
by
1.35
m b
y 0.
15m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are
334
D14
5E 8
5N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
pit
333
- Ir
regu
lar
pit.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op g
radu
al o
n E
& N
, im
perc
eptib
le W
& S
, sid
es s
teep
on
E,
grad
ual o
n N
, tru
ncat
ed o
n W
& S
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
irre
gula
r. T
runc
ated
by
C.3
36 t
o W
and
mod
ern
Line
ar c
ut t
o S.
M
easu
red
1.96
m b
y 1.
35m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.33
514
5E 8
5N
Fill
of p
it C
.336
- 33
6D
ark
grey
firm
cla
yey
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e, m
od-
erat
e sto
nes,
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al.
Mea
sure
d 2.
15m
by
2.18
m b
y 0.
44m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Sa
into
nge
gree
n gl
azed
336
D14
5E 8
5N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
it33
5-
Sub-
squa
re p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
grad
ual o
n W
& N
, sha
rp o
n E
and
impe
rcep
tible
on S
, sid
es S
tru
ncat
ed, a
ll ot
h-er
s ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se fl
at.
Trun
cate
d by
mod
ern
linea
r fea
ture
. Tru
ncat
es
C.3
34.
Mea
sure
d 2.
15m
x 1
.28m
x 0
.44m
de
pth.
337
150E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.338
- 33
8M
id g
rey
brow
n m
oder
ately
com
pact
cla
yey
silt.
Occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd sm
all s
tone
s. A
ni-
mal
bon
e in
clusio
ns. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
1.11
m
by 0
.85m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
ing
war
e, P
earlw
are,
Gla
ss
70
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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338
D15
0E 9
0NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t3
37
, 3
86
, 3
87
, 38
8
- R
ecta
ngul
ar p
it w
ith s
harp
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of
slope
top
sha
rp,
sides
nea
rly v
ertic
al,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
unkn
own
as lo
cate
d at
edg
e of
exc
avat
ion.
Tr
unca
ted
by C
.340
. M
easu
red
1.84
m b
y 1.
15m
by
1.84
m d
epth
.33
915
0E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
40-
340
Dar
k gr
ey lo
ose
sand
y sil
t. Fr
eque
nt li
mes
tone
. A
nim
al b
one
inclu
sions
. M
easu
red
1.08
m b
y 0.
29m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Le
inste
r co
okin
g w
are,
Fr
eche
n34
0D
150E
90N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
339
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
grad
ual,
sides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Tr
un-
cate
s pit
C.3
38. M
easu
red
1.08
m b
y 0.
29m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
341
145E
85N
Cut
of L
ate M
edie
val
curv
i-lin
ear f
eatu
re34
2-
Cur
vi-li
near
cut
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak
of sl
ope
top
grad
ual,
sides
ver
tical
and
con
cave
, br
eak
of s
lope
gra
dual
on
sout
hern
side
, sha
rp
on n
orth
ern,
bas
e ro
unde
d. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW.
Tru
ncat
ed b
y C
.286
. Tr
unca
tes
C.3
36
and
C.3
43. M
easu
red
1.4m
by
0.7m
by
0.28
m
dept
h.34
214
5E 8
5NFi
ll of
Lat
e M
edie
val
curv
i-lin
ear f
eatu
re-
341
Dar
k br
own
fria
ble
sand
y-sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
oc
casio
nal
char
coal
flec
ks a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
28m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
K
ilken
ny-t
ype
cook
-in
g w
are,
Kilk
enny
-typ
e co
arse
war
e
71
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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343
D14
5E 8
5NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
344
- Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of
slope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
con
cave
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
im
perc
eptib
le, b
ase
roun
ded.
Orie
ntat
ed
NE-
SW. T
runc
ated
by C
.341
. Tru
ncat
es C
.331
. M
easu
red
2.6m
by
1.8m
by
0.8m
dep
th.
Kilk
enny
-typ
e w
are,
Kil-
kenn
y-ty
pe c
ooki
ng w
are
344
145E
85N
Fill
of p
it C
.343
- 34
3D
ark
grey
fria
ble
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al b
one,
oc-
casio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd sm
all t
o m
ediu
m st
ones
. M
easu
red
2.6
m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
8m d
epth
.34
514
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
31Li
ght m
ottle
d gr
ey y
ello
w m
oder
ately
com
pact
sa
ndy
silt.
Occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal fl
ecks
and
smal
l lim
esto
ne p
ebbl
es.
Mea
sure
d 1.
8m b
y 0.
62m
by
0.6
8m d
epth
.34
6D
145E
90N
Cut
of
sm
all
post-
med
ieva
l pit
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e im
perc
eptib
le, b
ase
roun
ded.
Fill
ed
with
C.3
47,
C.3
48 &
C.3
49.
Trun
cate
d by
C
.286
. Tru
ncat
es C
.331
. Mea
sure
d 0.
56m
by
0.2m
dep
th (o
nly
visib
le in
sect
ion)
347
145E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.346
Dar
k br
own
fria
ble
sand
y sil
t. N
o in
clusio
ns.
Mea
sure
d 0.
56m
by
0.2m
dep
th (
only
visi
ble
in se
ctio
n)34
814
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
46D
ark
grey
fria
ble
sand
y sil
t. O
ccas
iona
l cha
r-co
al fl
ecks
and
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 0.
6m b
y 0.
18m
dep
th (o
nly
visib
le in
sect
ion)
.34
914
5E 9
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
46Li
ght
grey
fria
ble
sand
y sil
t. O
ccas
iona
l cha
r-co
al a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 0.
56m
by
0.2m
dep
th. (
only
visi
ble
in se
ctio
n).
72
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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350
C12
5E 8
0NSm
all
irreg
ular
pi
t cu
tO
val/i
rreg
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es s
teep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
sha
rp,
base
irr
egul
ar.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Fille
d w
ith C
.351
. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.5m
de
pth.
351
125E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.350
Mid
mot
tled
oran
ge/b
row
n so
ft sa
ndy
clay
. O
ccas
iona
l cha
rcoa
l flec
ks. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
352
C12
5E 8
0NSh
allo
w i
rreg
ular
pit
cut
Irre
gula
r cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p gr
adua
l, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of s
lope
ba
se sh
arp,
bas
e un
dula
ting.
Fill
ed w
ith C
.353
. M
easu
red
1.4m
by
1m b
y 0.
1m d
epth
.35
312
5E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
52Li
ght
grey
ish b
row
n fir
m s
andy
cla
y. Sm
all
stone
inc
lusio
ns.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 1m
by
0.1m
dep
th.
354
C12
5E 8
0NC
ut o
f sha
llow
pit
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e co
ncav
e. F
illed
with
C.3
55. M
eas-
ured
0.6
m b
y 0.
6m b
y 0.
2m d
epth
.35
512
5E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
54M
id o
rang
ish b
row
n fir
m si
lty c
lay.
Occ
asio
n-al
cha
rcoa
l flec
ks a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 0.
6m b
y 0.
6m b
y 0.
2m d
epth
.
73
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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356
C12
5E 8
0NC
ut o
f sha
llow
pit
Tria
ngul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs. B
reak
of
slope
top
gra
dual
, sid
es g
entle
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, bas
e und
ulat
ing.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Fille
d w
ith C
.357
. Mea
sure
d 0.
9m b
y 0.
9m b
y 0.
05m
dep
th.
357
125E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.356
Mid
gre
yish
bro
wn
firm
silt
y cl
ay. O
ccas
iona
l ch
arco
al fl
ecks
. M
easu
red
0.9m
by
0.9m
by
0.05
m d
epth
.35
8C
120E
75N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
itSu
b-ov
al p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
ba
se g
radu
al,
base
rou
nded
. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Fi
lled
with
C.3
59. T
runc
ates
C.3
60. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
1.2m
by
0.4m
dep
th.
359
120E
75N
Fill
of p
it C
358
Dar
k br
own
mod
erat
ely c
ompa
ct s
ilty
clay
. A
nim
al b
one,
freq
uent
ston
es to
war
ds th
e bas
e.
Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
4m d
epth
.36
0C
120E
75N
Cut
of s
hallo
w m
edi-
eval
pit
Sem
i-circ
ular
pit
(trun
cate
d).
Brea
k of
slo
pe
top
grad
ual,
sides
irre
gula
r, br
eak
of sl
ope
base
gr
adua
l, ba
se ir
regu
lar.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S. F
illed
w
ith C
.361
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.358
. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
0.7m
by
0.3m
dep
th.
361
120E
75N
Fill
of p
it C
.360
Dar
k br
own
firm
silty
cla
y. M
oder
ate
stone
in-
clusio
ns a
nd a
nim
al b
one.
Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 0.
7m b
y 0.
3m d
epth
.
74
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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362
145E
85N
Fill
of p
it C
363
Ligh
t gre
y loo
se cl
ayey
silt.
90%
med
ium
ston
es
and
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al.
Ani
mal
bon
e in
clu-
sions
. M
easu
red
1.97
m b
y 0.
65m
by
0.35
m
dept
h.36
3D
145E
85N
Cut
of
pi
t of
un
-kn
own
date
Poss
ibly
sub
-squ
are
pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Br
eak
of sl
ope
top
grad
ual,
sides
stee
p, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e flat
. Fill
ed w
ith C
.362
. M
easu
red
1.97
m b
y 0.
65m
by
0.35
m d
epth
.36
4C
120E
80N
Cut
of
sm
all
bow
l sh
aped
pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
t
Ova
l pi
t cu
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp,
sides
ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l in
S an
d E,
ste
ep in
N a
nd W
. bas
e irr
egul
ar. F
illed
with
C
.365
. Tru
ncat
ed b
y C
.368
. Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.36
512
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
64M
ixed
mid
bro
wn
oran
ge lo
ose s
andy
cla
y. A
n-im
al b
one,
occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes a
nd ch
arco
al
fleck
s. M
easu
red
1.7m
by
1.2m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
366
C12
0E 8
0NSm
all s
hallo
w p
it cu
t, po
st-m
edie
val
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es st
eep,
gra
dual
and
shal
low,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, ba
se fl
at,
slope
s fro
m S
to
N.
Fille
d w
ith C
.367
. Tru
ncat
ed b
y C
.368
. Mea
s-ur
ed 1
m b
y 0.
8m b
y 0.
12m
dep
th.
367
120E
80N
Fill
of
shal
low
pi
t C
.366
Mid
bro
wn
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e,
occa
siona
l sm
all
stone
s in
clusio
ns.
Mea
sure
d 1m
by
0.8m
by
0.12
m d
epth
.
75
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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368
C12
0E 8
0NC
ut o
f la
rge
shal
low
po
st-m
edie
val p
itSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp
on N
and
E a
nd i
mpe
rcep
tible
on S
and
W,
sides
ste
ep o
n N
and
E, g
radu
al o
n S
and
W,
brea
k of
slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
flat
. O
rien-
tate
d E-
W. F
illed
with
C.3
69. T
runc
ates
C.3
64
and
C.3
66. M
easu
red
2.7m
by
2.2m
by
0.2m
de
pth.
369
C12
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
68M
id b
row
n lo
ose
fine
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al b
one
and
occa
siona
l sm
all t
o m
ediu
m st
ones
. Mea
s-ur
ed 2
.7m
by
2.2m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
370
D14
5eM
edie
val
depo
sit l
o-ca
ted
in N
E co
rner
of
site
.
Dar
k br
owni
sh y
ello
w h
ard
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e,
mod
erat
e sm
all-m
ediu
m
pebb
les
and
occa
-sio
nal
char
coal
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.331
, C
.320
, C
.334
, C.3
28, C
274
, C.3
63. M
easu
red
14m
by
2.5
m b
y 0.
12m
dep
th.
371
D14
5eM
edie
val
depo
sit l
o-ca
ted
in N
E co
rner
of
site
.
Ligh
t gr
ey s
oft
clay
ey s
ilt.
Ani
mal
bon
e, f
re-
quen
t cha
rcoa
l flec
ks, o
ccas
iona
l sm
all t
o m
edi-
um st
ones
. Tru
ncat
ed b
y C
.331
, C.3
20, C
.334
, C
.328
, C 2
74, C
.363
. Mea
sure
d 14
m b
y 2.
5m
by 0
.12m
dep
th.
372
C11
0E 7
5NC
ut o
f sha
llow
pit
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s ste
ep, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e ro
unde
d. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Fi
lled
with
C.3
73.
Trun
cate
d by
mod
ern
feat
ure.
M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.6m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.
76
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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373
110E
75N
Fill
of C
.372
Ligh
t m
ottle
d ye
llow
bro
wn
firm
san
dy c
lay.
Mod
erat
e ch
arco
al fl
ecks
. M
easu
red
0.8m
by
0.6m
by
0.15
m d
epth
.37
4C
110E
85N
Cut
of
larg
e sh
allo
w
med
ieva
l pit
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
with
roun
ded
corn
ers.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
side
s gen
tle, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se c
onca
ve. O
rient
ated
N-S
. Fill
ed
with
C.3
75.
Trun
cate
d by
C.3
76.
Mea
sure
d 1.
5m b
y 1.
4m b
y 0.
2m d
epth
.37
511
0E 8
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
74D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n fir
m s
ilty
clay
. Mod
erat
e sm
all s
tone
and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. M
easu
red
1.5m
by
1.4m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
376
C11
0E 8
0NC
ut o
f la
rge
shal
low
m
edie
val p
it.Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es g
entle
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, ba
se c
onca
ve.
Orie
ntat
ed N
-S.
Fille
d w
ith C
.377
. Tru
ncat
es C
.374
and
C.3
94.
Mea
sure
d 1.
9m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
2m d
epth
.37
711
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
76Li
ght
grey
ish b
row
n fir
m s
ilty
clay
. A
nim
al
bone
, m
oder
ate
char
coal
fle
cks
inclu
sions
. M
easu
red
1.9m
by
1.8m
by
0.2m
dep
th.
378
C11
5E 7
5NC
ut
of
med
ieva
l w
aste
pit
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es s
teep
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
Gra
dual
on
E,
shar
p al
l oth
ers,
base
con
cave
. Orie
ntat
ed N
E-SW
. Fill
ed w
ith C
.379
and
C.4
14. T
runc
ated
by
C.3
80 a
nd C
.395
. Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 1.
1m
by 0
.6m
dep
th.
77
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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379
115E
75N
Fill
of p
it C
.378
Mid
bro
wn
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e,
Occ
asio
nal s
mal
l to
med
ium
sto
nes
and
char
-co
al fl
ecks
. Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
15m
de
pth.
380
C11
5E 7
5NC
ut o
f med
ium
size
d po
st-m
edie
val p
itSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of s
lope
top
shar
p, si
des
steep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
irre
gu-
lar.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W. F
illed
with
C.3
81. T
run-
cate
d by
C.3
82.
Trun
cate
s C
.378
. M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
4m d
epth
.38
111
5E 7
5NFi
ll of
C.3
80M
id b
row
n/gr
ey lo
ose
fine
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al
bone
, Occ
asio
nal s
mal
l to
med
ium
ston
es a
nd
char
coal
flec
ks. M
easu
red
2m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
4m
dept
h.38
2C
115E
75N
Cut
of
larg
e sh
allo
w
med
ieva
l pit.
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es st
eep,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
shar
p, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W. F
illed
with
C.3
83. T
runc
ated
by
C.3
95. T
runc
ates
C.3
80.M
easu
red
1.7m
by
0.4m
by
0.5m
/38
311
5E 7
5NFi
ll of
pit
C.3
82M
id b
row
n/gr
ey lo
ose
fine
sand
y sil
t. A
nim
al
bone
, fre
quen
t sm
all
stone
s an
d oc
casio
nal
char
coal
flec
ks.
Mea
sure
d 1.
7m b
y 0.
4m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.38
4C
110E
75N
Fill
of p
it C
.385
Dar
k br
own
firm
silt
y cl
ay. A
nim
al b
one
and
som
e sm
all s
tone
inclu
sions
. Mea
sure
d 0.
76m
by
0.7
3m b
y 0.
09m
dep
th. M
easu
red
0.76
m b
y 0.
73m
by
0.09
m d
epth
.
78
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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385
110E
75N
Cut
of s
mal
l circ
ular
pi
tSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it. B
reak
of
slope
top
gra
dual
, sid
es g
radu
al, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se
undu
latin
g, sl
opin
g sli
ghtly
from
S to
N. F
illed
w
ith C
.384
. M
easu
red
0.76
m b
y 0.
73m
by
0.09
m d
epth
.38
615
0E 9
0NR
e-de
posit
ed n
atur
al
fill o
f pit
C.3
38Ye
llow
firm
san
dy-c
lay.
Freq
uent
sm
all
stone
in
clusio
ns. M
easu
red
0.63
m b
y 0.
52m
by
0.8m
de
pth.
387
150E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.338
Ligh
t bro
wn
fria
ble s
andy
silt.
Occ
asio
nal c
har-
coal
flec
ks a
nd s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
24m
by
0.7
1m b
y 0.
79m
dep
th.
388
150E
90N
Fill
of p
it C
.338
Dar
k gr
ey lo
ose
sand
y sil
t. Ve
ry fr
eque
nt c
har-
coal
flec
ks a
nd p
iece
s. M
easu
red
1.16
m b
y 0.
74m
by
0.12
m d
epth
.38
914
5E 8
0NFi
ll of
med
ieva
l pi
t C
.392
Dar
k gr
ey lo
ose
clay
ey si
lt. A
nim
al b
one
frag
-m
ents
, occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd m
oder
ate
smal
l sto
nes.
Mea
sure
d 1.
93m
by
1.78
m b
y 0.
09m
de
pth.
390
145E
80N
Fill
of m
edie
val
pit
C.3
92M
ottle
d gr
eyish
yel
low
sof
t sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bo
ne, o
ccas
iona
l cha
rcoa
l and
mod
erat
e sm
all
pebb
le in
clusio
ns. M
easu
red
1.76
m b
y 1m
by
0.22
m d
epth
.39
114
5E 8
0NFi
ll of
med
ieva
l pi
t C
.392
Mot
tled
yello
wish
gre
y so
ft sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bo
ne fr
agm
ents
, occ
asio
nal c
harc
oal a
nd m
od-
erat
e sm
all p
ebbl
es. M
easu
red
1.96
m b
y 1.
53m
by
0.2
6m d
epth
.
79
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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392
C14
5E 8
0NC
ut o
f med
ieva
l pit
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut.
Brea
k of
slo
pe t
op s
harp
on
W a
nd E
, gra
dual
on
N a
nd S
, sid
es v
ertic
al
and
steep
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase g
radu
al, b
ase fl
at.
Fille
d w
ith C
.389
, C
.390
, C
.391
. M
easu
red
1.99
m b
y 1.
8m b
y 0.
41m
dep
th.
393
110E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.294
Dar
k br
own
loos
e sil
ty c
lay.
Occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
nes
and
root
act
ivity
. M
easu
red
0.99
m b
y 0.
94m
by
0.19
m d
epth
.39
4C
110E
80N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
itC
ircul
ar p
it cu
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
, gr
adua
l, sid
es c
onca
ve, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e gr
adua
l, ba
se
irreg
ular
with
slig
ht i
nclin
atio
n to
E.
Fille
d w
ith C
.393
. Tr
unca
ted
by C
.376
. M
easu
red
0.99
m b
y 0.
94m
by
0.19
m d
epth
.39
5C
115E
75N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
was
te p
itSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
shar
p,
sides
stee
p, b
reak
of s
lope
bas
e sh
arp,
bas
e fla
t. Fi
lled
with
C.3
96. T
runc
ates
C.3
78 an
d C
.382
. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
0.4m
by
0.5m
dep
th.
396
115E
75N
Fill
of C
.395
Dar
k br
own
loos
e fin
e sa
ndy
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e an
d fre
quen
t sto
ne in
clusio
ns. M
easu
red
1.3m
by
0.4
m b
y 0.
5m d
epth
.39
7C
110E
80N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
oval
pit
with
rou
nded
cor
ners
. Bre
ak o
f slo
pe
top
shar
p, s
ides
nea
rly v
ertic
al, b
reak
of
slope
ba
se g
radu
al,
base
rou
nded
. O
rient
ated
NE-
SW. F
illed
with
C.3
98. T
runc
ates
C.4
04 a
nd
C.4
07.
Mea
sure
d 1.
8m b
y 1.
2m b
y 0.
46m
de
pth.
80
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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398
110E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.397
Dar
k br
own
silty
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e, o
ccas
iona
l sm
all s
tone
and
char
coal
flec
ks. M
easu
red
1.8m
by
1.2
m b
y 0.
46m
dep
th.
399
110E
80N
Fill
of p
it C
.400
Dar
k gr
eyish
bro
wn
soft
clay
ey s
ilt.
Ani
mal
bo
ne, m
oder
ate
char
coal
and
occ
asio
nal s
mal
l sto
ne.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 0.
92m
by
0.24
m
dept
h.40
0C
110E
80N
Cut
of m
edie
val p
itSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
shar
p,
sides
ver
tical
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
fla
t. Fi
lled
with
C.3
99.
Trun
cate
d by
C.4
03.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 0.
92m
by
0.24
m d
epth
.40
111
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.4
03D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n so
ft sil
ty cl
ay. A
nim
al b
one
and
occa
siona
l sm
all s
tone
s. M
easu
red
1.36
m
by 1
.8m
by
0.28
m d
epth
.40
211
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.4
03D
ark
grey
sof
t sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e, o
cca-
siona
l ch
arco
al a
nd 5
0% s
mal
l sto
nes.
Mea
s-ur
ed 1
.3m
by
1.6m
by
0.39
m d
epth
.40
3C
110E
80N
Cut
of p
ost-m
edie
val
pit
Sub-
rect
angu
lar
pit
with
ro
unde
d co
rner
s. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
sha
rp, s
ides
ver
tical
on
W
and
E, a
nd u
nder
cut
N a
nd S
, bre
ak o
f slo
pe
base
gra
dual
, bas
e fla
t. O
rient
ated
E-W
. Fill
ed
with
C.4
01 a
nd C
.402
. M
easu
red
1.81
m b
y 1.
43m
by
0.39
m d
epth
.
81
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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404
C11
0E 8
0NC
ut o
f pos
t-med
ieva
l pi
tSu
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it cu
t w
ith r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slop
e top
shar
p, si
des c
onca
ve, b
reak
of
slope
bas
e gra
dual
, bas
e und
ulat
ing.
Orie
ntat
ed
E-W
. Fill
ed w
ith C
. 405
and
C.4
06. T
runc
ated
by
C.3
97 a
nd C
.413
. Mea
sure
d 2m
by
1.8m
by
0.65
m d
epth
.40
511
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.4
04D
ark
grey
ish b
row
n sil
ty c
lay.
Ani
mal
bon
e,
no o
ther
inclu
sions
. Mea
sure
d 1.
25m
by
0.36
m
dept
h.40
611
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
pit
C.4
04m
ottle
d m
id b
row
nish
gre
y/ye
llow
mod
erat
ely
com
pact
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one
and
mod
erat
e sm
all t
o m
ediu
m st
ones
. Mea
sure
d 2m
by
1.8m
by
0.6
5m d
epth
.40
7C
110E
80N
Cut
of l
arge
med
ieva
l it
loca
ted
the
wes
tern
ed
ge o
f exc
avat
ion.
Sub-
circ
ular
pit
cut w
ith w
ell r
ound
ed c
orne
rs.
Brea
k of
slo
pe to
p sh
arp,
sid
es n
early
ver
tical
, br
eak
of sl
ope
base
shar
p, b
ase
flat.
Orie
ntat
ed
E-W
. Fill
ed w
ith C
.408
, C.4
09, C
.410
, C.4
11.
Trun
cate
d by
C.3
97. M
easu
red
1.85
m b
y 1.5
5m
by 1
.7m
dep
th.
408
110E
80N
Fill
of la
rge p
it C
.407
Mot
tled
yello
w/o
rang
e fir
m s
andy
-cla
y. O
cca-
siona
l sm
all l
imes
tone
peb
bles
. Mea
sure
d 1.
5m
by 0
.89m
by
0.38
m d
epth
.40
911
0E 8
0NFi
ll of
larg
e pit
C.4
07D
ark
brow
n fir
m s
ilty
clay
. Ani
mal
bon
e an
d oc
casio
nal
smal
l pi
eces
of
limes
tone
gra
vel.
Mea
sure
d 1.
56m
by
1.08
m b
y 0.
24m
dep
th.
82
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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410
110E
80N
Fill
of la
rge p
it C
.407
Mot
tled
oran
ge y
ello
w/d
ark
grey
mod
erat
ely
com
pact
sand
y cl
ay. A
nim
al b
one,
smal
l sto
nes,
mai
nly
loca
ted
at th
e ba
se. M
easu
red
1.75
m b
y 1.
5m b
y 0.
75m
dep
th.
411
110E
80N
Fill
of la
rge p
it C
.407
Dar
k gr
ey fr
iabl
e cl
ayey
silt.
Ani
mal
bon
e, fr
e-qu
ent
smal
l sto
nes
and
occa
siona
l ch
arco
al.
Mea
sure
d 1.
4m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
65m
dep
th.
412
110E
80N
Fill
of l
inea
r fe
atur
e C
.413
4.5m
x 0
.9m
x 0
.2m
dee
p
413
C11
0E 8
0NC
ut o
f lin
ear f
eatu
reLi
near
cut
. Br
eak
of s
lope
top
gra
dual
, sid
es
conc
ave,
bre
ak o
f slo
pe b
ase
grad
ual,
base
un-
dula
ting.
Orie
ntat
ed E
-W.
Fille
d w
ith C
412.
Tr
unca
tes
pit C
.404
. Mea
sure
d 4.
5m b
y 0.
9m
by 0
.2m
dep
th.
414
115E
75N
Fill
of p
it C
.378
Mix
ed o
rang
e/ye
llow
/gre
y m
oder
ately
com
pact
gr
itty
silty
cla
y. A
nim
al b
one,
fre
quen
t sm
all
to m
ediu
m st
ones
. Mea
sure
d 1.
3m b
y 1.
1m b
y 0.
45m
dep
th.
83
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.6
C.1
92
C.1
42
C.1
43
C.1
48
C.1
50
C.1
44
C.1
53
C.1
51
C.1
41
C.1
64
C.1
62
C.1
93
C.1
59
C.1
C.1
56
C.1
63
C.1
47
C.1
61
C.1
49
C.1
52
C.1
54
C.1
55
C.1
60
KE
Y
Fill
Cut
D
epos
it/La
yer
W
all
15.2
A
ppen
dix
2: S
trat
igra
phic
Mat
rix
84
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.6
C.1
46
C.2
54
C.3
13
C.3
18
C.3
09
C.2
96
C.3
14
C.2
91
C.3
12
C.3
11
C.2
90
C.3
17
C.2
97
C.2
64
C.1
45
C.3
08
C.3
10
C.3
07
C.3
06
C.3
15
C.2
93
C.2
92
C.2
89
C.3
16
C.2
88
C.3
04
C.3
05
C.1
85
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.1
07
C.7
C.1
20
C.1
00
C.1
09
C.1
02
C.1
11
C.1
05
C.1
14
C.1
13
C.1
17
C.1
18
C.1
19
C.1
22
C.1
23
C.1
25
C.1
26
C.1
27
C.1
28
C.1
85
C.1
83
C.1
70
C.1
75
C.1
38
C.1
40
C.1
39
C.1
69
C.1
78
C.1
77
C.1
36
C.1
35
C.1
C.1
76
C.1
24
86
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.7
C.1
89
C.1
81
C.1
29
C.1
72
C.1
82
C.1
30
C.1
73
C.1
74
C.1
92
C.1
93
C.1
94
C.1
71
C.1
79
C.1
34
C.1
95
C.1
87
C.1
86
C.1
33 C
.259
C.2
03
C.2
60 C
.196
C.1
97
C.2
02
C.1
99
C.2
06
C.2
07
C.1
98
C.2
08
C.1
C.2
12
C.2
13
87
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.7
C.2
15
C.2
19
C.2
14
C.2
18
C.2
20
C.2
17
C.2
16
C.2
22
C.2
21
C.2
23
C.2
24
C.2
25
C.2
26
C.2
27
C.2
28
C.2
30
C.2
29
C.2
32
C.2
30
C.2
33
C.2
34
C.2
36
C.2
35
C.1
90
C.1
91
C.2
45
C.2
46
C.2
37
C.2
38
C.2
42
C.2
39
C.2
40
C.1
C.2
43
C.2
44
C.2
41
88
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.3
21
C.3
22
C.2
87
C.2
51
C.2
56
C.2
55
C.2
58
C.2
57
C.2
84
C.2
83
C.3
39
C.3
40
C.3
37
C.3
86
C.3
87
C.3
88
C.3
38
C.3
51
C.3
50
C.3
53
C.3
52
C.3
55
C.3
54
C.3
57
C.3
56
C.3
59
C.3
58
C.3
61
C.3
60
C.3
69
C.7
C.3
65
C.3
64
C.3
67
C.3
66
C.3
73
C.3
93
C.3
72
C.3
68
C.1
C.3
74
C.3
75
C.3
76
C.3
77
C.3
94
89
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.7
C.2
62
C.2
85
C.2
68
C.2
69
C.2
67
C.2
72
C.2
71
C.2
63
C.2
70
C.2
61
C.2
82
C.2
81
C.2
76
C.2
75
C.2
80
C.2
79
C.2
78
C.2
77
C.3
47
C.3
48
C.3
49
C.3
46 C
.286
C.3
42
C.3
41
C.3
44
C.3
43 C
.336
C.3
35
C.3
71 C
.363
C.3
70
C.3
62
C.3
31
C.3
32
C.3
45
C.3
34
C.3
33
C.1
C.2
73
C.2
74
C.3
20
C.3
19
C.3
29
C.3
28
90
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
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C.7
C.3
84
C.3
85
C.3
89
C.3
90
C.3
91
C.3
92
C.4
12
C.4
13 C
.405
C.3
98
C.3
97
C.4
06
C.4
04
C.4
08
C.4
09
C.4
10
C.4
11
C.4
07
C.4
01
C.4
02
C.4
03
C.3
99
C.4
00
C.1
C.3
25
C.3
26
C.3
23
C.3
27
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D
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W
all
91
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:0:8 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:0:9 Clay Pipe Bowl c.165099E0757:2:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:2:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:2:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:4:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:4:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:4:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:4:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:4:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:6:1 Pottery Pearlware 19th99E0757:6:2 Pottery Glazed red earthenware: slip decorated 19th99E0757:6:3 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware: slip decorated 19th99E0757:6:5 Clay Pipe Stem L. 39mm, D. 9.4mm. Incomplete. 99E0757:7:1 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:8:1 Pottery Frechen 17th99E0757:8:2 Modern Pipe Drainpipe99E0757:8:3 Pottery Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:8:4 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware: slip decorated 19th99E0757:8:5 Possible Whetstone L. 10.5cm W.1.3cm D.1cm99E0757:8:6 Clay Pipe Stem L. 52.2mm, D. 8mm. Incomplete. 99E0757:8:7 Clay Pipe Stem L. 45.5mm, D. 7.7mm. Incomplete99E0757:11:1 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:2 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:3 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:4 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:5 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:6 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:7 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:8 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:9 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:10 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:11 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:12 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:13 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:14 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:15 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:16 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:17 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:18 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:19 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:20 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:21 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:22 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:23 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:24 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:11:27 Pottery Tin glazed earthenware 17th99E0757:11:28 Clay Pipe Stem L. 34.9mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete.99E0757:16:1 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:16:2 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:16:3 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:16:4 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:16:5 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:16:6 Pottery Westerwald L17th/18th99E0757:16:10 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:11 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:12 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:13 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:14 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:15 Glass DISCARDED Modern
15.3 Appendix 3: Finds Register
92
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:16:16 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:17 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:18 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:19 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:20 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:21 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:22 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:23 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:24 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:25 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:26 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:16:28 Clay Pipe Stem L. 72mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete. 99E0757:16:29 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:16:30 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:100:1 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:2 Pottery Minety-type 12th/ E 13th99E0757:100:3 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:4 Brick99E0757:100:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:11 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:100:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:18 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:100:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:100:22 Iron Nail Medieval99E0757:100:23 Iron Nail/Head of Iron bar Medieval99E0757:102:1 Iron Nail99E0757:105:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:105:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:105:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:108:1 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:108:2 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:108:3 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L 12th/14th99E0757:108:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:108:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:108:6 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th /14th99E0757:109:1 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th /14th99E0757:109:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:109:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:109:4 Brick99E0757:109:5 Brick99E0757:109:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:109:7 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:109:8 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:109:9 Slag99E0757:109:10 Slag99E0757:109:11 Possible Slate L. 12.6cm W. 11.6cm D.1.1cm99E0757:113:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
93
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:113:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:7 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:9 Pottery Rim Ham green B L12th/M13th99E0757:113:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:15 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:113:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:18 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:23 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:24 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:25 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:26 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:113:28 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:114:1 Crucible Fragment99E0757:114:2 Slag99E0757:117:1 Pottery Base Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:117:2 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:117:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L 12th/E 13th99E0757:117:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:8 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:117:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:11 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:12 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:117:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:14 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:117:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:23 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:24 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:25 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:26 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:117:27 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:28 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:117:29 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:30 Brick Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:117:31 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:117:32 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:117:33 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:119:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:2 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:119:3 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:119:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th
94
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:119:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:7 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:119:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:119:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:14 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:119:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:18 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:119:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:119:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:119:21 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:22 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:23 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:24 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:25 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:26 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:119:27 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:28 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:29 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:119:30 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:119:32 Iron Nail99E0757:119:33 Iron Nail99E0757:122:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:122:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:1 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:124:2 Slag Furnace lining99E0757:124:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:4 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:7 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:10 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:12 Pottery Merida-type 17th99E0757:124:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:19 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:124:21 Pottery Rim Mottled ware 18th99E0757:124:22 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:124:23 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:124:24 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:131:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:131:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:131:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:131:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th
95
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:131:5 Pottery Rim/Spout Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:131:6 Brick 99E0757:131:7 Slate99E0757:134:1 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:134:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:4 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:134:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:10 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:134:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:17 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:134:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:23 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:134:25 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:26 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:134:27 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:28 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:134:29 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:30 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:31 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:32 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:33 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:34 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:134:35 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:36 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:134:37 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:38 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:39 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:40 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:41 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:42 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:43 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:134:44 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:45 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:46 Pottery Unidentified medieval 13th/14th99E0757:134:47 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:48 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:134:49 Iron Fragment 134:49-134:51 originally all
one piece99E0757:134:50 Iron Fragment 134:49-134:51 originally all
one piece99E0757:134:51 Iron Fragment 134:49-134:51 originally all
one piece99E0757:134:52 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:134:53 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:134:54 Slag 99E0757:134:55 Slag99E0757:134:56 Slag99E0757:146:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
96
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:146:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:12 Pottery Unidentified medieval Medieval99E0757:146:13 Pottery Rim/Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:14 Pottery Rim/Spout Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:15 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:146:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware 13th/14th99E0757:146:17 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:146:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:169:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:169:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:169:3 Pottery Frechen 17th99E0757:169:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:169:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:169:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:169:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:171:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:171:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:171:3 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:171:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:171:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:171:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:173:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:173:2 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:173:3 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:176:13 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:177:1 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:177:1 Modern Pipe Drainpipe99E0757:177:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:177:3 Glass Shoulder fragment Modern99E0757:177:4 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:177:5 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:177:6 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:177:7 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:1a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:1b Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:179:2 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:2b Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:179:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:3a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:3b Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:179:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:4a Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:4b Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:179:5 Pottery Tin glazed earthenware 17th99E0757:179:5a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:5b Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:6 Pottery Black glazed ware 18th/19th99E0757:179:6b Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:179:7 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:7a Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:7b Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:8a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
97
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:179:8b Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:9a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:9a Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:9b Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:10a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:10b Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:11 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:11b Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:12 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:12a Pottery Rim/Spout Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:13 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:179:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:16 Pottery Rim/Base Glazed red earthenware: slip decorated 19th99E0757:179:17 Pottery Rim/Handle Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:179:18 Glass Fragment Modern99E0757:179:19 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:179:19a Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:19b Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:179:20 Clay Pipe Bowl c.165099E0757:179:21 Clay Pipe Bowl c.1661-168199E0757:179:22 Clay Pipe Fragment of bowl99E0757:179:23 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:24 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:25 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:26 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:39 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:40 Clay Pipe Fragment of bowl c.1640-167099E0757:179:41 Clay Pipe Fragment of bowl c.1640-167099E0757:179:42 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:43 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:47 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:48 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:179:53 Slag99E0757:179:54 Slag99E0757:179:55 Slag99E0757:179:56 Slag99E0757:184:1 Pottery Base North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:184:2 Pottery North Devon gravel free 17th99E0757:184:3 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:185:1 Brick Baked clay99E0757:185:3 Pottery Rim North Devon gravel tempered 17th99E0757:185:4 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:185:5 Glass Fragment Modern99E0757:185:6 Tile DISCARDED Modern99E0757:185:7 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:185:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:185:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:185:10 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:187:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:187:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:190:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:190:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:6 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:190:9 Iron Nail99E0757:190:10 Slag99E0757:191:1 Pottery Base Stoneware L19th/20th
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:191:2 Pottery Rim Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:191:3 Pottery Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:4 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:5 Pottery Rim Stoneware L19th/20th99E0757:191:6 Pottery Rim/Base Prattware 19th99E0757:191:7 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:8 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:9 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:10 Pottery Rim/Base Prattware 19th99E0757:191:11 Pottery Rim Porcelain 19th99E0757:191:12 Pottery Rim Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:13 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:14 Pottery Rim/Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:15 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:16 Pottery Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:17 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:18 Pottery Rim/Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:19 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:20 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:21 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:22 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:23 Pottery Rim/Base Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:191:24 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:25 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:26 Pottery Base Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:191:27 Pottery Rim Stoneware L19th/20th99E0757:191:28 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:29 Pottery Base Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:191:30 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:31 Pottery Rim/Base Porcelain99E0757:191:32 Pottery Base Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:191:33 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:34 Pottery Rim/Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:35 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:36 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:37 Pottery Base Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:38 Pottery Rim Pearlware 19th99E0757:191:39 Pottery Rim Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:40 Pottery Rim Stoneware L19th/20th99E0757:191:41 Pottery Rim/Base Black glazed ware 19th/10th99E0757:191:42 Pottery Rim/Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:43 Pottery Rim/Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:44 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:45 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:191:46 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:47 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:49 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:191:50 Pottery Base Shell-edged ware 19th99E0757:192:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:192:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:192:3 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:192:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:1 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:5 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:194:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:194:9 Wall tile Pearlware 19th99E0757:194:10 Wall tile Pearlware 19th
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:194:11 Wall tile Pearlware 19th99E0757:194:12 Wall tile Pearlware 19th99E0757:194:13 Iron Strip/Bar Medieval 99E0757:194:14 Iron Strip/Bar Medieval 99E0757:196:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:196:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:6 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:196:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:10 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:196:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:196:14 Pottery Rim/Spout Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:1 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:5 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:10 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:11 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:198:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:199:1 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:2 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:3 Pottery Rim/Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:4 Pottery Rim/Base/Handle Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:6 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:7 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:8 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:9 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:10 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:11 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:12 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:13 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:14 Pottery Base Tin glazed earthenware 17th99E0757:199:15 Pottery Tin glazed earthenware 17th99E0757:199:16 Pottery Westerwald L17th/18th99E0757:199:17 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:18 Pottery Handle Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:19 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:20 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:21 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:22 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:23 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:24 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:25 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:26 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:199:27 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:28 Pottery Rim Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:29 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:30 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:31 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:199:32 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:199:33 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:34 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:35 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:36 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:199:37 Pottery Handle Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:199:38 Brick 99E0757:199:39 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:54 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:55 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:56 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:57 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:58 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:199:59 Glass Bottle Post-Medieval99E0757:199:60 Glass Bottle Post-Medieval99E0757:199:61 Glass Bottle Post-Medieval99E0757:199:62 Glass Bottle Post-Medieval99E0757:199:63 Glass Window fragment Post-Medieval99E0757:199:64 Glass Window fragment Post-Medieval99E0757:199:65 Glass Window fragment Post-Medieval99E0757:199:66 Glass Bottle fragment? Post-Medieval99E0757:199:67 Iron Nail99E0757:199:68 Iron Nail99E0757:199:69 Slag99E0757:199:70 Slag99E0757:199:71 Slag99E0757:199:72 Slag99E0757:200:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:200:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:7 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:200:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:200:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:12 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:13 Pottery Rim/Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:14 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:15 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:16 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:200:18 Clay Pipe Fragment of Bowl99E0757:200:19 Iron 2 Nail fragments Medieval 99E0757:213:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:217:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:217:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:217:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:217:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:217:3 Pottery Glazed red earthenware? 19th99E0757:219:1 Baked Clay DISCARDED99E0757:219:2 Iron Nail99E0757:221:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:4 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:6 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
101
Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:224:9 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:224:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:13 Pottery Redcliffe? M13th/14th99E0757:224:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:224:15 Slag99E0757:224:16 Slag99E0757:224:17 Slag99E0757:224:18 Stone99E0757:225:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:225:2 Brick 99E0757:225:3 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:225:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:225:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:227:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:227:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:227:3 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:227:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:230:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:230:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:230:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:230:4 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:230:5 Copper Alloy Strip Medieval 99E0757:231:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:231:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:231:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:231:4 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:231:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:231:6 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:231:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:231:8 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:233:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:1 Brick 99E0757:235:2 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:5 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:235:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:10 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:12 Pottery Handle Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:235:13 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:16 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:235:17 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:235:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:19 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:235:20 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:235:21 Pottery Late local ware 15th/16th99E0757:235:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:23 Tile99E0757:235:24 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:25 Brick Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:27 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:235:28 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:235:29 Pottery base Late local ware 15th/16th99E0757:235:30 Pottery Base Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:235:31 Clay Pipe Stem
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:235:33 Iron Nail? Medieval 99E0757:237:1 Pottery Base Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:237:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:237:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:239:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:246:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:246:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:246:4 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:248:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:249:1 Pottery Base Bristol/Staffordshire slipware99E0757:249:3 Flint Split f lint pebble99E0757:250:1 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:250:2 Pottery Rim Tin glazed earthenware 17th99E0757:251:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:251:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:251:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:251:4 Copper Alloy Fragment 251:4-5 originally one piece
Medieval99E0757:251:5 Copper Alloy Fragment Medieval 99E0757:252:1 Pottery Flemish redware M13th/M14th99E0757:252:2 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:252:3 Brick 99E0757:253:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:254:1 Pottery Handle Mottled ware? 18th99E0757:255:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:2 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:255:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12thE13th99E0757:255:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12thE13th99E0757:255:7 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:255:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:257:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:257:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:257:3 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12thE13th99E0757:257:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12thE13th99E0757:257:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:257:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:1 Brick 99E0757:260:2 Brick 99E0757:260:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:7 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:260:8 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:10 Brick 99E0757:260:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:14 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/`14th99E0757:260:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:17 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:260:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:23 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:24 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:25 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:26 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:27 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:28 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:29 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:30 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:31 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware E12th/E13th99E0757:260:32 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:33 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:34 Brick 99E0757:260:35 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:36 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:37 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:260:38 Slag99E0757:261:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:6 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:261:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:267:1 Pottery Ham green B L12th/M13th99E0757:267:1 Pottery Ham green B L12th/M13th99E0757:267:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:267:3 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:267:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:267:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:269:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:272:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:272:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:272:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:272:4 Decorated Stone Silt stone or slate for illustration99E0757:276:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:278:1 Brick 99E0757:278:2 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:278:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:278:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:278:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:279:1 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:279:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:279:3 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:279:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:279:5 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:279:6 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:279:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:282:1 Pottery Rim Merida-type 17th99E0757:282:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:282:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:282:4 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:282:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:284:1 Pottery Ham green B L12th/M13th99E0757:285:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:286:1 Copper Coin Irish copper penny- Elizabeth I dated 160199E0757:289:1 Glass DISCARDED Modern99E0757:289:2 Slag99E0757:289:3 Slag99E0757:290:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:291:2 Clay Pipe Stem
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Stratham’s Garage, Patrick Street, Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny 99E0757 extISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:295:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:295:2 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:296:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:6 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:296:7 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:309:1 Copper alloy Sheet fragment 99E0757:309:2 Copper Fragment99E0757:309:3 Copper Fragment99E0757:309:4 Copper Fragment99E0757:314:1 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:314:3 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:314:4 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:317:1 Pottery Rim/Handle Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:317:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:2 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:2 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:3 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:4 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:317:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:6 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:10 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:11 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:12 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:317:13 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:2 Pottery Miscellaneous French L12th/E13th99E0757:319:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:5 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:319:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:9 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:319:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:18 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:19 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:21 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:319:23 Iron Nail Medieval 99E0757:321:1 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:324:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:324:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:324:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:324:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:325:1 Pottery Glazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:325:2 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:326:1 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:328:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:328:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:328:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:328:7 Copper alloy Token Medieval?99E0757:330:1 Pottery Rim/Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
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http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:330:2 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:330:3 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:330:4 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:330:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:330:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:332:2 Roof tile99E0757:332:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:8 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:332:9 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:333:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:333:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:1 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:335:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:4 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:335:9 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:7 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:337:22 Pottery Pearlware 19th99E0757:337:23 Glass Fragment Post Medieval99E0757:339:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:339:2 Pottery Frechen 17th99E0757:339:3 Pottery Rim/Base Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:342:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:342:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:342:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:342:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:342:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:342:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:343:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:3 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:4 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
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http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/99e0757ext-stratham-garage-patrick-st-kilkenny-co-kilkenny/
NMI Material Description Date99E0757:343:6 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:9 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:13 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:15 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:17 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:19 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:20 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:21 Pottery Unglazed99E0757:343:22 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:343:23 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:347:1 Pottery Unidentified post-medieval Post Medieval99E0757:347:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:347:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:347:4 Pottery handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:358:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:358:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:360:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:360:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:360:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:360:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:1 Slag99E0757:369:2 Slag99E0757:369:3 Slag99E0757:369:4 Slag99E0757:369:5 Slag99E0757:369:6 Slag99E0757:369:7 Pottery Rim/Spout Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:8 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:369:9 Pottery Merida-type 17th99E0757:369:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:11 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:13 Pottery North Devon gravel tempered 17th99E0757:369:14 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:18 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:19 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:369:20 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:369:21 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:23 Pottery Leinster cooking ware L12th/14th99E0757:369:24 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:25 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:26 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:369:27 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:369:28 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:369:29 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:30 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:369:31 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:376:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:376:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:376:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:379:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th
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NMI Material Description Date99E0757:379:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:379:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:380:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:380:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:380:3 Brick 99E0757:380:4 Brick 99E0757:380:5 Slag99E0757:380:6 Slag99E0757:380:7 Slag99E0757:380:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:380:9 Brick 99E0757:380:10 Brick 99E0757:380:11 Brick 99E0757:380:12 Brick 99E0757:380:13 Iron Nail Medieval99E0757:380:14 Slag Furnace lining99E0757:383:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:383:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:383:4 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:383:5 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:383:6 Iron Nail Medieval99E0757:389:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:389:2 Pottery Rim Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:389:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:389:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:389:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:389:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:389:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:391:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:394:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:394:2 Pottery Ham green B L12th/M13th99E0757:394:3 Pottery Rim Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:394:4 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:398:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:398:2 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:398:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:398:4 Pottery Unidentified post-medieval Post Medieval99E0757:398:5 Pottery Unidentified post-medieval Post Medieval99E0757:398:6 Pottery Unidentified post-medieval Post Medieval99E0757:398:7 Slag99E0757:398:8 Slag99E0757:398:9 Slag99E0757:398:10 Slag99E0757:399:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:399:2 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:401:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:401:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:401:3 Pottery Merida-type 17th99E0757:404:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:1 Pottery Rim/Handle Merida-type 17th99E0757:404:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:2 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:404:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th
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NMI Material Description Date99E0757:404:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:7 Brick 99E0757:404:7 Pottery Rim/Handle Merida-type 17th99E0757:404:8 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:8 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:404:9 Pottery Leinster cooking ware E12th/14th99E0757:404:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:404:19 Pottery Rim/Handle Merida-type 17th99E0757:404:21 Pottery Unidentified post-medieval Post Medieval99E0757:404:22 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:407:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:407:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:407:3 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:407:4 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:407:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:407:6 Slag Furnace lining99E0757:409:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:409:2 Pottery Handle Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:409:3 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:409:4 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:1 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:411:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:5 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:6 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:411:7 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:1 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:2 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:3 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:4 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:5 Pottery Glazed red earthenware: slip decorated 19th99E0757:415:6 Pottery Base Unglazed red earthenware 19th99E0757:415:7 Pottery Base Transfer printed ware 19th/20th99E0757:415:8 Clay Pipe Stem99E0757:415:9 Clay Pipe Decorated bowl99E0757:415:10 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:11 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:12 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:13 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:14 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:15 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:16 Pottery Kilkenny-type ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:17 Pottery Kilkenny-type coarse ware L12th/E13th99E0757:415:18 Pottery Saintonge green glazed 13th/14th99E0757:415:19 Pottery Base Kilkenny-type cooking ware 13th/14th99E0757:415:20 Pottery Spout Ham green B L12th/M13th
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15.4 Appendix 4: Pottery Report
Report on the pottery from 11 Patrick Street, Kilkenny (99E0757)
Clare McCutcheon MA MIAI
A total of 860 sherds of pottery were recorded from the site. Following some reassembly within and between contexts this was reduced to 823 of which 719 (87.36%) are medieval in date. A number of fragments of brick and drainpipe were also present and these have been included in the archive Table 3 but are not further discussed. Other non-ceramic items are also identified in the archive table for the sake of clarity.
Fabric type Sherds MNV MVR Form DateHam Green B 5 - 1 Jug L12th/M13th
Minety-type 1 - 1 Tripod pitcher 12th/E13th
Redcliffe? 1 - 1 Jug M13th/14th
Leinster Cooking Ware 47 - >6 Cooking pots, jug, dripping
dish
L12th/14th
Kilkenny-type coarseware 45 1 >3 Dripping dish, jugs L12th/E13th
Kilkenny-type ware 496 3 >7 Jugs, money-box, roof tile 13th/14th
Kilkenny-type cooking ware 97 - >3 Cooking pots 13th/14th
Miscellaneous French 1 - 1 Jug L12th/E13th
Saintonge green glazed 23 - 1 Jug 13th/14th
Flemish redware 1 - 1 Jug M13th/M14th
Unidentified 2 - 2 MedievalTotal medieval 719 3 26
Table 1: Medieval pottery, 11 Patrick Street, Kilkenny (99E0757)
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Fabric type Sherds MNV MVR Form DateLate medieval local ware? 1 - 1 Jug 15th/16th
Frechen 3 - 2 Jugs 17thWesterwald 2 - 2 Jugs L17th/18th
Merida-type 5 - 2 Costrel 17th
North Devon gravel free 8 - 1 Bowl 17thNorth Devon gravel tempered 2 - 1 Storage pot 17th
Tin glazed earthenware 5 - 2 Chamberpot, plate 17th
Black glazed ware 2 - 1 Bowl 18th/19th
Bristol/Staffordshire slipware 1 - 1 Cup 18th
Mottled ware 2 - 1 Tankard 18th
Porcelain 2 - 2 Saucers 19th
Glazed red earthenware 19 2 3 Serving dish/platter,
2 chamberpots
19th
Glazed red earthenware:
slip decorated
4 - 2 Platter, green glazed bowl 19th
Unglazed red earthenware 1 - 1 Flowerpot 19th
Pearlware 23 - 8 Side plate, saucer, bowl, 2
cups, 2 dinner plates, wall
tile
19th
Transfer printed ware 13 - 7 Saucer, chamberpot,
2 bowls, 3 plates,
19th/20th
Shell-edged ware 3 - 3 Jar, 2 platters 19th Prattware 1 - 1 Saucer 19th
Stoneware 3 - 2 Jar, washbowl L19th/20th
Unidentified 4 - 2 Post-medievalTotal post-medieval 104 2 44
Table 2: Late medieval and post-medieval pottery, 11 Patrick Street, Kilkenny (99E0757).
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Pottery archive:The sherds are identified as to type by context in numerical order. The letters R, S, B, H and RH correspond to the diagnostic features of Rim, Spout, Base, Handle and Rim/Handle respectively. Where there is no letter this indicates a body sherd.
Context Fabric type Finds number2 Kilkenny-type 1-34 Kilkenny-type 1-56 Glazed red e’nware: slip deco-
ratedPearlwareBrick
23®1
7 Pearlware 1®8 Frechen
Glazed red e’nware: slip deco-ratedTransfer printed wareDrainpipe
14(B)32
11 Tin glazed earthenwareStoneBone
2725(discarded)26(discarded)
16 WesterwaldGlazed red earthenware
61+2(B), 3®, 4, 5®
100 Minety-type
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Brick
2
1(H), 5-8, 10, 12-14, 16, 17+19, 20
3(B), 9, 15
11+F119:7, 18
4
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105 Kilkenny-type ware
Bone
1(B), 2, 4
3(discarded)108 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Glazed red earthenware
3, 6
4, 5
1
2109 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Brick
1®
3
2, 6
4, 5113 Ham Green B
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
9®
1, 3, 4, 5(B), 6, 7(H), 8, 10-12, 14, 16, 17, 18(B), 19-26
2, 13
15117 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
1(B), 2, 8, 26®
3, 21, 28, 30
4-7, 10, 11(B), 13, 14®, 15-20, 22-25, 27, 29, 31
9
12119 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Stone
14, 18, 26®, 29
9, 19, 20
1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21®, 22(H), 23(H), 24, 25
5, 12, 16, 27, 28, 30®
2, 3, 7+F100:11
31(discarded)122 Kilkenny-type
Stone
1-6, 8
7(discarded)
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124 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Merida-type
Mottled
20
3, 4(B), 5, 6, 7(B), 8, 9, 10(B), 11, 13, 14, 16-18, 22(B)
15, 19®
1
12
21®131 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Brick
1-3, 5(RS)
4
6134 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Unidentified medieval
1, 23, 26, 36®
34, 43(B)
3, 5(B), 7-9, 11-16, 18-22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 30®, 32(B), 33, 35,
37(B), 38(B), 39-42, 45, 47, 48
2, 6, 44
4, 10, 17, 28
46146 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Unidentified medieval
15, 17
16
1-11, 13(RH), 14(RS), 18
12169 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Frechen
4, 5
1, 2
6, 7
3171 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
3
1
2, 4-6173 Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
1
2
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177 Kilkenny-type ware
Drainpipe
1®, 2
1179 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Tin glazed earthenware
North Devon gravel free
Black glazed ware
Glazed red earthenware
Glazed red e’ware: slip decorated
19®
4b
1a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a(B), 5a, 8, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10, 10a, 11b, 12a(RS),
14, 19a, 19b®
1, 7a, 7b, 9, 9a, 10b®
5
2, 5b, 7+13, 11, 12
6
1b+2b+3b®, 6b, 17(RH)
16(RB)184 North Devon gravel free 1(B), 2185 Kilkenny-type ware
North Devon gravel tempered
Glazed red earthenware
Baked clay
Bone
4(H), 8, 9
3®
7(B)
1
2(discarded)187 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
2
1190 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Bone
4
1(B), 2, 3, 5(B), 6®, 7
8
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191 Glazed red earthenware
Porcelain
Black glazed ware
Pearlware
Transfer printed ware
Shell-edged ware
Prattware
Stoneware
45®
11®, 31(RB)
41(RB)
4+35®, 7, 8, 9+15+37(B), 13(B), 16, 17(RB), 19®, 20®, 21®,
22®, 24+30(RB), 25(RB), 28(RB), 34(RB), 38®
3, 12®, 14(RB), 18(RB), 33+36+46(B), 39®, 42(RB), 43(RB),
44, 47(B), 49(B)
2®, 23(RB), 26+29+32+50(B)
6+10(RB)
1(B), 5+27®, 40®192 Kilkenny-type 1(B), 2, 3(B), 4194 Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
Pearlware
1®, 2-4, 6-8
5
9-12 (wall tile)196 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
1, 6(B)
2-5, 7-9, 11-13, 14(RS)
10198 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
1-3, 5®, 6-9, 10(B), 12, 14
4, 11®, 13199 Kilkenny-type ware
Westerwald
Tin glazed earthenware
Glazed red earthenware
Brick
26(B), 32, 36
16
14(B), 15
1(B), 2®, 3(RB), 4(RBH), 6(B), 7, 8(B), 9, 10-13, 17, 18(H),
19®, 20-22, 23(B), 24, 25(B), 27®, 28®, 29, 30(B), 31, 33-35,
37
38200 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
2, 9, 10
1, 3-6, 11, 13(RH), 14+15(H), 16(B), 17
7(B), 8, 12®
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213 Kilkenny-type ware 1217 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Glazed red earthenware?
2
1-3
1
3219 Baked clay/stone? 1(discarded)221 Kilkenny-type ware 1224 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Redcliffe?
9
8, 10-12, 14
2, 3, 4®, 5+6(B), 7
13225 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Brick
3
1(B), 4, 5
2227 Kilkenny-type ware 1(B), 2, 4®230 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
1, 3(B)
2, 4®231 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarse ware
Kilkenny-type ware
6
7
1(B), 2, 3, 4(H), 5233 Kilkenny-type cooking ware 1235 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Late local ware
Glazed red earthenware
Tile
Brick
Bone
Stone
5, 12(H), 17®, 19, 27
2(H), 3, 4, 6-9, 10(H), 13(B), 14, 15, 18, 22, 24, 28®
25
21+29(B)
16, 20, 30(B)
23
1
26(discarded)
11(discarded)
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237 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
1(B)
3
2239 Kilkenny-type ware 1246 Kilkenny-type ware 1(B), 2248 Kilkenny-type ware 1249 Bristol/Staffordshire slipware 1(B)250 Tin glazed earthenware
Glazed red earthenware
2®
1251 Kilkenny-type 1-3252 Kilkenny-type ware
Flemish redware
Brick
2(B)
1
3253 Kilkenny-type 1254 Mottled ware? 1(H)255 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
4, 6
7(H), 8, 10+11
1, 3, 5, 9
2257 Kilkenny-type coarse ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
3®, 4
1, 2
5, 6260 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Brick
14
31
3-6, 8®, 9+30, 11+13, 12, 15, 16, 17(H), 18-22, 24(H), 25®, 27,
29, 33(B), 35(B), 36, 37
23, 26, 28, 32
7
1, 2, 10, 34
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261 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
2, 4, 8-10
1, 3, 6®267 Ham Green B
Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
1
3
2, 4, 5269 Kilkenny-type ware 1272 Kilkenny-type ware 1(B), 2, 3276 Kilkenny-type coarse ware 1278 Kilkenny-type ware
Brick
2(B), 3-5
1279 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Stone
3, 6®
1(H), 4, 7
2
5
8(discarded)282 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Merida-type
3, 4(B), 5
2
1®284 Ham Green B 1285 Kilkenny-type ware
Bone
1
2(discarded)290 Kilkenny-type ware 1291 Stone 1(discarded)295 Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
1
2296 Kilkenny-type ware 1-5, 6(H)314 Glazed red earthenware 1
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317 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
4
1(RH)
2(B), 1+3+6+10+11+12+13(B), 5, 8
2®, 7, 9319 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Miscellaneous French
Saintonge green glazed
Bone
5
1, 3, 6, 7, 11-16, 18(B), 19(B)
8, 21®
2
9
10, 17, 20321 Glazed red earthenware 1324 Kilkenny-type ware 1(B), 2-4325 Glazed red earthenware 1328 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
1
2, 3330 Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
1(RH), 2, 4(B), 5, 6
3332 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Roof tile
1(B)
5, 6, 8®, 9(B)
3, 4, 7
2333 Kilkenny-type ware 1, 2335 Kilkenny-type ware
Saintonge green glazed
2, 3, 4®, 5-8, 9®
1337 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Pearlware
1-4, 6, 7(H), 8-21
5
22339 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Frechen
3(RB)
1
2
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342 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
6(B)
1, 3-5
2343 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Unglazed
1, 2, 3®, 4(H), 5(B), 6®, 8-12, 13(B), 14, 15(B), 16, 17(B), 18-
20, 22(B), 23
7
21347 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Unidentified post-medieval
2, 3
4(H)
1358 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
1
2360 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
5
1, 2, 4369 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Merida-type
North Devon gravel tempered
Bone
19®, 20®, 23
8(B), 26®, 27, 28
7(RS), 11®, 14®, 15-17, 21, 24, 25, 29
10, 12, 18, 30, 31®
9
13
22(discarded)376 Kilkenny-type ware 1-3379 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
3
1, 2380 Kilkenny-type ware
Brick
1, 2, 8
3-4, 9-12383 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Stone
4
5(B)
2, 3
1(discarded)
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389 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
2®
1, 3+7, 4, 5+6391 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
3-5
1+2, 6+7394 Ham Green B
Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
2
4
1
3®398 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Unidentified post-medieval
2
1, 3
4+5, 6399 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
2
1401 Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Merida-type
Stone
2
1
3
4(discarded)404 Leinster Cooking Ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Merida-type
Brick
Unidentified post-medieval
2, 8, 9
2-6, 4-6, 10, 22(lug)
1, 3, 8
1+7+19(RH)
7
21
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407 Kilkenny-type coarse ware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
2
1+4(B), 3(B)
5409 Kilkenny-type ware 1+3+4(B), 2(H)411 Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
1(B)
2, 3, 4(B), 5(B), 6, 7®415 Ham Green B
Kilkenny-type coarseware
Kilkenny-type ware
Kilkenny-type cooking ware
Saintonge green glazed
Unglazed red earthenware
Glazed red e’ware: slip decorated
Transfer printed ware
20(S)
17
1-4, 10-16
19(B)
18
6(B)
5
7(B)
Table 3: Pottery identification by context
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Site information: Table 4The following table lists the contexts containing pottery by area as they appear in the stratigraphic report. The quantity of sherds in each fabric type is also listed, indicating the number of sherds following reassembly rather than the original number found on the site. The date range suggested is only the date range of the pottery found in each context and does not attempt to be prescriptive for the suggested dating of any particular context.
Area Context Context description Fabric-type & quantity Date (cen-
tury)A+B 7 Overburden Pearlware (x1) 19thA+B 100 Pit
Sherd link C119
Minety-type (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x12)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
Saintonge green glazed (x2)
Brick (x1)
13th
A+B 105 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x3) 13thA+B 122 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x7) 13thA+B 124 Pit Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x15)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
Merida-type ware (x1)
Mottled ware (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
A+B 134 Fill of pit (C133) Leinster Cooking Ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x33)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x4)
Unidentified medieval (x1)
13th
A+B 102 Fill of pit (C193) Kilkenny-type ware (x4) 13th
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A+B 260 Fill of pit (C259) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x24)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x4)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
Brick (x4)
13th
A+B 187 Fill of pit (C186) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
E13th
A+B 217 Fill of pit (C216) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Glazed red earthenware? (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
A+B 231 Pit Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x5)
13th
A+B 246 Fill of pit (C245) Kilkenny-type ware (x2) 13thA+B 237 Pit Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
13th
A+B 261 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x5)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
13th
A+B 267 Re-cut of pit (C261) Ham Green B (x1)
Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
13th
A+B 269 Fill of re-cut (C267) Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13thA+B 285 Second re-cut of pit (C261) Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13thA+B 279 Shallow feature Leinster Cooking Ware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
13th
A+B 276 Fill of shallow feature (C275) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1) E13thA+B 278 Fill of shallow feature (C277) Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
Brick (x1)
13th
A+B 282 Fill of shallow feature (C281) Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Merida-type ware (x1)
13th
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A+B 113 Pit Ham Green B (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x22)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
13th
A+B 109 Fill of pit (C102) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
Brick (x2)
13th
A+B 117 Fill of pit (C118) Leinster Cooking Ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x4)
Kilkenny-type ware (x21)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
13th
A+B 119 Fill of pit (C120)
Sherd link C100
Leinster Cooking Ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x3)
Kilkenny-type ware (x14)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x6)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x3)
13th
A+B 230 Fill of pit (C229) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
13th
A+B 177 Fill of pit (C178) Kilkenny-type ware (x2)
Drainpipe (x1)
13th
A+B 169 Fill of pit (C170) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x2)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
Frechen (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
A+B 179 Ditch Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x18)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x6)
Tin glazed earthenware (x1)
North Devon gravel free (x5)
Black glazed ware (x1)
Glazed red earthenware (x3)
Glazed red earthenware: slip deco-
rated (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
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A+B 198 Linear pit Kilkenny-type ware (x11)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
13th
A+B 199 Fill of pit (C198) Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Westerwald (x1)
Tin glazed earthenware (x2)
Glazed red earthenware (x30)
Brick (x1)
18th
A+B 219 Fill of pits (C218 & C220) Baked clay (unidentifiable)A+B 191 Pit Glazed red earthenware (x1)
Porcelain (x2)
Black glazed ware (x1)
Pearlware (x16)
Transfer printed ware (x11)
Shell-edged ware (x3)
Prattware (x1)
Stoneware (x3)
19th
A+B 196 Fill of pit (C197) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x11)
Saintonge green glazed (x1)
13th
A+B 194 Fill of pit (C195) Kilkenny-type ware (x7)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
Pearlware (x4) wall tiles
13th dis-
turbed?
A+B 173 Fill of pit (C174) Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
13th
A+B 171 Fill of pit (C172) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
13th
A+B 184 Fill of linear ditch (C183) North Devon gravel free (x2) 17thA+B 185 Fill of linear ditch (C183) Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
North Devon gravel tempered (x1)
Glazed red earthenware (x1)
Baked clay (x1)
18th
A+B 272 Fill of linear feature (C271) Kilkenny-type ware (x3) 13th
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C 251 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x3) 13thC 284 Sandy clay fill of pit (C283) Ham Green B (x1) L12th-M13thC 358 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
13th
C 360 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
13th
C 380 Shallow feature Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Brick (x6)
13th
C 379 Fill of shallow feature (C378) Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
13th
C 383 Fill of shallow feature (C382) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
L12th/E13th
C 389 Fill of pit (C390) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
13th
C 391 Fill of pit (C390) Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
13th
C 376 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x3) 13thC 394 Pit Ham Green B (x1)
Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
E13th
C 399 Fill of pit (C400) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
13th
C 401 Fill of pit (C403) Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Merida-type (x1)
13th
C 404 Circular feature Leinster Cooking Ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type ware (x10)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
Merida-type (x1)
Brick (x1)
Unidentified post-medieval (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
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C 369 Fill of shallow feature (C368) Leinster Cooking Ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x4)
Kilkenny-type ware (x10)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x5)
Merida-type (x1)
North Devon gravel tempered (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
C 321 Fill of pit (C322) Glazed red earthenware (x1) 18thC 398 Fill of pit (C397) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x2)
Unidentified post-medieval (x2)
13th dis-
turbed?
C 257 Pit Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x2)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x2)
13th
C 255 Re-cut of pit (C257) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x4)
Saintonge green glazed ware (x1)
13th
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D 235 Ditch Leinster Cooking Ware (x5)
Kilkenny-type ware (x15)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Late local ware (x1)
Glazed red earthenware (x3)
Tile (x1)
Brick (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
D 233 Fill of pit (C234) Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1) 13thD 342 Fill of curvilinear feature
(C341)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
13th
D 343 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x21)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Unglazed (x1)
13th
D 332 Fill of pit (C331) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
Roof tile (x1)
13th
D 225 Fill of pit (C226) Leinster Cooking ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x3)
Brick (x1)
13th
D 227 Fill of pit (C228) Kilkenny-type ware (x3) 13thD 224 Fill of pit (C223) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x5)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x5)
Redcliffe? (x1)
M-L13th
D 328 Fill of pit (C329) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x2)
13th
D 337 Fill of pit (C338) Kilkenny-type ware (x20)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x1)
Pearlware (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
D 339 Fill of pit (C340) Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Frechen (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
D 213 Fill of pit (C212) Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13th
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D 347 Fill of pit (C346) Kilkenny-type coarseware (x2)
Kilkenny-type ware (x1)
Unidentified post-medieval (x1)
13th dis-
turbed
D 221 Furrow Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13thD 239 Furrow Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13th
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E 6 Overburden Glazed red earthenware : slip deco-
rated (x1)
Pearlware (x1)
Brick (x1)
19th
E 146 Pit Leinster Cooking Ware (x2)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x14)
Unidentified medieval (x1)
13th
E 192 Organic soil infill (C168) Kilkenny-type ware (x4) 13thE 254 Cobblestone surface Mottled ware? 18thE 317 Pit Leinster Cooking Ware (x1)
Kilkenny-type coarseware (x1)
Kilkenny-type ware (x4)
Kilkenny-type cooking ware (x3)
13th
E 296 Fill of pit (C297) Kilkenny-type ware (x6) 13thE 290 Pit Kilkenny-type ware (x1) 13thE 314 Layer sealing pit (C290) Glazed red earthenware (x1) 18th
Table 4: Suggested date range of pottery by context.
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15.5 Appendix 5: Faunal Remains Report
By: Margaret McCarthy, MA, MIAIDepartment of Archaeology, University College Cork
Introduction
Evidence for habitation at Patrick Street comprised layers of refuse containing ceramics and other material finds which placed the deposition of the associated faunal material into three main phases; medieval, late-medieval and post-medieval. The medieval animal bone samples were recovered entirely from pits used for the disposal of domestic waste in this area of the town. Most of the bones originated from late medieval pit and ditch fills and a relatively small assemblage of animal bones was recovered from features of post-medieval date.
Methods
All fragments were identified to species, or as nearly as possible, using the reference collection of mam-mals, birds and fish at the Department of Archaeology, University College Cork. Data were recorded onto the Archaeological Services Unit’s faunal sheets, which include categories for butchery, ageing and sexing as well as species and element identification. Identifications were taken to species level where possible while fragments not identifiable to taxon were grouped into size categories: large mam-mal (cattle, horse or red deer), medium mammal (ovicaprid or pig) and completely unidentifiable. The separation of ovicaprid material relied on comparison with reference material and to the discussion in Boessneck (1969) and Prummel-Frisch (1983). Very few definite elements of goat were recognised and those postcranial bones that allow for discrimination between the two species were all identified to sheep. Ageing data were determined using procedures outlined by Silver (1971) for long bones and Grant (1975) for mandibles. The relative proportion of all the species present was assessed using the total fragments count (NISP) and for the three main livestock animals, the minimum number of in-dividuals (MNI) was also calculated. Measurements were taken according to the recommendations of von den Driesch (1976). Estimates of the original length and weight of the fish represented in the sam-ples were made by matching the archaeological material against modern comparative collections from specimens of known length and weight in the Department of Archaeology, University College Cork.
Condition
In common with most contemporary urban bone assemblages the faunal material from Kilkenny sur-vived in a good condition. Preservation was generally better in the pit and ditch fills while that from surface deposits and the linear features was classified as fair. A higher proportion of bones from the post-medieval features was noticeably weathered and eroded which suggested that meat waste was left
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exposed on the occupation surface for some time before being sealed by other layers or redeposited into pits. Fragmentation rates throughout were high resulting in large numbers of bones that could only be classified as large and medium mammal remains. The overall high rate of fragmentation in all three phases is attributed to food preparation and butchering techniques involving maximum use of the carcass. There were occasional charred and burnt bones throughout the various features. Some of these specimens were barely scorched while more displayed the characteristic blue/grey appearance of bone that has been in contact with fire for a considerable period of time. The scorched bones may relate to various joints of meat being roasted over a fire while the totally calcined specimens probably represent small items of food waste that were swept into a hearth as a means of disposal. The incidence of burnt bone was quite low for all of the periods investigated and there was a general distribution across all features with no major concentrations suggesting particular activities.
Analysis
Animal remains were hand collected from a total of 79 contexts representing pit fills, ditch fills, lin-ear features and surface layers and deposits. In selecting material for analysis, all contaminated finds were disregarded and only those bones that could be dated with confidence to a particular period of activity were examined. The archaeozoological material has been divided into three period groupings, which span almost 400 years of occupation in Kilkenny. A list of the identified species for each period of activity is given in Table 1 and the results are described below by individual period. Details of all measurements taken are provided in Table 2.
Medieval Period
Animal bones from 43 different pit fills were examined totalling 1643 fragments, 823 of which were identified to species. The largest individual samples came from C113 (169), C260 (190) and C337 (148). The remainder of the pits all contained less than a hundred individual fragments of bone. The greater part of the identified assemblage was made up of domestic livestock mammals. The pre-dominant species was cattle being represented by 486 specimens from at least fifteen individuals. All parts of the skeleton were present although vertebrae and the meat-bearing upper limb bones pre-dominated. There were sufficient peripheral elements however to indicate that cattle were brought to this area of the town on the hoof and slaughtered nearby. Epiphyseal fusion data showed that 68% of the remains originated from animals that were slaughtered between three to four years of age and from this it would seem that meat provisioning was not the sole priority for farmers living in the rural hinterland of the town. Fifteen mandibles provided ageing evidence and these again indicated that mature cattle accounted for 71% of the sample. It would seem that cattle were deliberately kept to a stage when they reached their maximum potential in terms of secondary products such as milk, hide and horns. There were some bones from animals under two years of age and two complete metapodia belonged to calves under six months old. Measurements on ten complete long bones showed that the cattle derived from beasts that had a mean shoulder height of 122cm. The cattle were short horned beasts similar in size and type to the cattle present in other regions of the country during the medieval period (McCarthy 2003). Evidence of dismemberment was present on many of the bones including
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horizontal chops along the proximal joint surfaces of the upper limb bones and fine knife marks on the joint surfaces of metapodia associated with severing the lower limbs from the meat-bearing upper regions of the carcass.After cattle, sheep were the next most commonly represented animals with 236 identified fragments originating from a minimum of ten individuals, the MNI being estimated on the basis of upper ra-dius. In common with the cattle remains, most parts of the skeleton were recognised indicating local slaughter and butchery of the animals. Analysis of ageing evidence from suitable long bones indicated that over 72% of the sheep remains were from individuals that had reached at least three years of age before slaughter. Seven mandibles were sufficiently well preserved to estimate age using tooth wear as a guide and these suggested adult animals around three years of age. A small amount of juvenile animals (1-2 years) were represented and seven lamb bones were identified. Butchery marks were observed on many of the upper limb bones and ribs and knife marks associated with skinning and meat removal were common. The quantity of measurable bone was small in general but mean Withers Heights for metacarpals and metatarsals were 54.1cm and 55.7cm respectively.Pig remains were somewhat scarce numerically but at least four individuals were estimated from proxi-mal radius. Of the 74 bones identified, over 35% came from the region of the skull and the other body parts represented the major limb bones, scapula, pelvis and vertebral fragments. Some of the bones showed signs of having been butchered and ageing evidence obtained from long bone epiphyseal fusion data indicated that most pigs had not reached adulthood at slaughter. The medieval pits produced a relatively large sample of horse bones in comparison to other contempo-rary urban sites and a number of these displayed butchery traces consistent with the eating of horse-flesh. A total of twelve bones were identified, mostly representing loose teeth and limb bone fragments. A midshaft fragment of a tibia from C109 was crudely smashed open while single femur fragments from C260 and C394 bore knife marks associated with skinning and meat removal. The horse teeth were from animals over ten years of age based on the comparative wear curves of Levine (1982).Non-edible domestic mammals from the medieval pits included a few remains of dog and cat. Two fills (C260 & C337) each yielded a single dog bone, identified as a portion of a mandible and a lower molar. The mandible bore no teeth but the overall size and condition of the specimen indicated a small terrier-sized adult individual. The only identified cat bone was a complete left mandible from C380 and this belonged to an adult individual. Domestic fowl was identified from two bones, a complete coracoid from C360 and a lower leg bone from C405. Also present were the remains of a single adult goose identified from a tibiotarsus in C260 and three duck bones in C230 and C285. Marine species included two head bones of a cod, Gadus morhua identified as a posttemporal and a basioccipital. The wild mammal component consisted of two species, red deer, Cervus elaphus and hare, Lepus capen-sis. The midshaft portion of a metatarsus of an adult deer was recovered from C401. The bone did not display any butchery marks but it is assumed to represent an individual that was hunted locally and subsequently sold in the town for its venison. Hare was attested by the recovery of three metapodial bones from C339.
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Late Medieval Period
The late medieval assemblage forms the largest component of animal bones retrieved from the site. The material came from a variety of features mostly from pits but also from ditch fills and linear and curvilinear cut features. A total of 1933 bone specimens were examined and the identified specimens included eight species of mammal, domestic fowl, goose, duck and two fish species. The samples in general were highly fragmented containing many small unidentifiable fragments from the long bones of large and medium sized animals. Of the 1983 fragments examined, 1138 were positively identified and domestic species made up the major part of the assemblage. Cattle were the most frequent taxon by number of identified specimens (NISP) and minimum number of individuals. Their remains accounted for 44% of the identified as-semblage and at least 18 individuals were determined based on meatapodia. The majority of the cat-tle bones came from the upper region of the body particularly scapulae, humerii and tibiae and the remaining elements were identified as various skull fragments, metapodia and vertebrae. All parts of the skeleton were recognised except the calcaneum, sesamoid bones and phalanxes which may indicate that the lower extremities of the carcass were removed with the hide to a tannery. Ageing evidence in-dicated that the cattle bones all represented mature individuals over 2.5-3 years of age. Very few bones had unfused epiphyses suggesting that most of the cattle had reached maturity before slaughter. The mandibular wear stage of 12 mandibles suggested that these individuals were also mature at death, probably around three years old. Evidence of butchering was not extensive, and the only bones to show chop marks and knife cuts were femora, tibiae, scapulae and a few skull fragments. Midline splitting of the long bones was common in all samples and the consumption of marrow was apparently significant in the diet. Two mandibles had been chopped through suggesting that the lower jaw had been removed to gain access to the tongue.Sheep remains were more common than in the previous medieval period with a minimum of twelve individuals being established from a sample of 381 bones. All parts of the sheep skeleton were present although upper meat-bearing limb bones were more frequent than those from other areas of the skele-ton. In common with the cattle remains, ageing data indicated that there was a high incidence of adult animals consistent with the exploitation of sheep both for their meat and their secondary products. Twelve mandibles had fully erupted tooth rows, which yielded Grant age values between 30-35 and this indicated that most individuals were slaughtered after they had reached their prime meat-produc-ing age. Epiphyseal fusion data from long bones showed a similar pattern of age distribution with 64% of the bones belonging to individuals that were slaughtered at over three years of age. A small number of limb bones with unfused epiphyses were found and four complete metapodia belonged to lambs under six months of age. Some of the bones bore fine knife marks associated with skinning and the removal of meat from the shoulder bone. There were several instances of crude chopping on the sheep bones as well efficient midline splitting of the vertebrae resulting in the division of the carcasses into two halves. Medial splitting of metapodia for marrow extraction was also recorded.Pig was the least frequently occurring of the three main livestock animals accounting for just 13% of the identified assemblage and representing five individuals. The total sample amounted to 147 frag-ments and the most numerous elements were loose teeth, pelves, scapulae, tibiae and skull fragments.
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Other parts of the skeleton were sufficiently well represented to indicate local slaughter and consump-tion of pigs. In common with other medieval urban assemblages, the longbone fusion evidence indi-cated that pigs were slaughtered before they reached adulthood as this species has no other economic function other than the provision of meat. The recovery of seven neo-natal bones indicates that pigs were bred in the town and there was evidence for the occasional consumption of suckling pig through the recovery of two radius fragments. Many of the bones showed signs of having been butchered and all skulls had been smashed open, presumably to extract the brains. Other domestic animals present were horse, dog and cat. A total of 24 horse bones were identified, 14 from various pit fills and 10 from the fills of ditches. The bones came from all parts of the skeleton including tibia, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, scapula and mandible and a minimum of two adult individuals was established from metapodial bones. There were cut marks on five bones to indicate that horses were occasionally slaughtered for their meat. Two metatarsals were split medially for the extraction of marrow and chop marks on femora and a pelvis were consistent with dismemberment and filleting.The late medieval sample also included four dog bones all of which were recovered from the ditch fills; a mandible and loose tooth from C185 and a tibia fragment and complete metatarsus from C235. The bones were all fully mature and from an individual about the size of a modern sheepdog. In addition, there were six cat bones from three pit fills (C192, C196 & C199). These were identified as mandible, femur, ulna, radius, lower molar and a fragment of a skull and collectively they represented a single adult individual.The wild mammal component consisted of two species, hare, Lepus capensis, and rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. The proximal portion of an ulna of a hare was recovered from C328, a pit fill while single finds of rabbit were found in a ditch fill (C185) and a pit fill (C198).Domestic fowl, goose and duck were the only identified bird species and of these, fowl bones were most common including a single sample of 39 bones from C139, three of which came from laying females. In all, 64 domestic fowl bones were identified and these were scattered across 13 features. Skeleton element analysis indicated that the sample contained almost complete carcasses of five individuals, including laying females and juvenile fowl. The eight goose bones belonged to adult birds that were probably kept for egg and down production. The identified elements included carpo-metacarpus, ster-num, coracoid, tibiotarsus and skull fragments. Two juvenile duck bones were found in C199, which suggested that domestic ducks were bred in the town. The sample of fish bones included a haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, cleithrum from C196 and a ling, Molva molva, parasphenoid from C255. The bones were slightly larger than modern specimens in the Archaeological Services Unit from fish measuring 55cm in length.
Post-Medieval
A small quantity of animal bones was recovered from features that were associated with post-medieval activity in this area of the town. These were found in a variety of features including pits, ditches, a fur-row, a cobbled surface and other surface deposits. In all, 369 bones were examined of which just 24% could be taken to species level. The material was noticeably less well preserved than the two earlier
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phases of activity and fragmentation rates were high resulting in a large amount of indeterminate frag-ments. Identification of the bones indicated that the three main livestock species were all represented as well as rabbit and domestic fowl. In common with the earlier phases, cattle dominated the assemblage with their remains accounting for 72% of the identified sample. Most of the skeletal elements repre-sented prime meat-bearing bones from the upper regions of the body. There were, however, sufficient quantities of peripheral elements such as phalanges, skull fragments and metapodia to indicate that the sample of cattle bones represents the remains of complete carcasses, not prepared meat joints. Age-ing evidence from the major limb bones and two mandibles suggested slaughtering of cattle at 2.5 to 3 years. Cut and chop marks occurred on several cattle bones including tibia, humerus, scapulae and skulls. Many cattle metapodia, femora and tibiae were split down the midline for the extraction of marrow and skulls were split open presumably to gain access to the brains.A total of 19 sheep bones were identified including upper and lower limb bones, loose teeth and skull fragments. The bones mostly represented older individuals although the recovery of a few lamb bones and individuals under two years of age suggested that meat did not always originate from older stock. Butchery evidence included the medial splitting of two long bones and fine knife marks on a pelvis and scapula.Other species present in the post-medieval sample were pig, rabbit and domestic fowl. Pig was identi-fied from three limb bones and a lower canine from an adult boar. A rabbit tibia was found in a pit fill (C289) and the cobbled surface (C254) produced a lower leg bone of domestic fowl.
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Conclusions
The animal bones recovered during excavations at Patrick Street were characteristic of domestic rub-bish consisting largely of food debris but also including the remains of working animals and pets. For all three periods bone material appears to have deliberately discarded into pits dug especially for refuse disposal. Other material became scattered in a less specialised manner across the surface of the site and into ditch fills. The largest samples of bones were from layers and features that contained medieval and late-medieval pottery although the ceramic evidence indicated that the bulk of the recovered bones were associated with late-medieval activity. This report has focused on the exploitation of animals, birds and fish by the population of the town and the general conclusions drawn are typical of medieval and post-medieval urban assemblages in Ireland. Large domestic mammals, not surprisingly, formed the bulk of the identified assemblage and of these, cattle remains were the most frequent elements. The samples from the three main phases of activity are characterised by a high frequency of cattle and it is clear that beef played an important dietary role. By fragment count and number of individuals present cattle were consistently the most prominent species represented with sheep occupying a constant secondary place. The quantity of pig bones was negligible indicating that animal husbandry in the hinterland of Kilkenny was directed more towards the rearing of cattle and sheep. The proportion of sheep increased in the late-medieval period linked perhaps to the expanding wool trade in Ireland at this time. Ageing data indicated a high kill-off of adults that would have provided between three to four fleeces before death and wool production seems to have been the primary aim of sheep husbandry in the region. The majority of the cattle bones represented mature beasts kept for their secondary produce such as milk, hides and horns prior to being slaugh-tered for food. The occasional consumption of veal was recorded through the recovery of limb bones from individuals under six months old with very little in the way of juvenile animals. Similar ageing patterns have been seen elsewhere in Irish urban assemblages (McCormick 1997, McCarthy 2003) where it is noted that the provision of wool, hides and other by-products of cattle and sheep was appar-ently more significant than the supply of tender meat to the urban market. At Kilkenny, there was very little evidence for young animals, certainly not in quantities to suggest large scale consumption of veal and lamb. The sample of pig bones on the other hand belonged to individuals that were slaughtered between one to two years of age and the meat would certainly have made for good eating. In addition, there were some foetal and neo-natal fragments indicating that pigs were bred within the town. Analysis of element representation showed an equal balance of meat bearing and peripheral fragments indicating that slaughtering and primary butchery were undertaken somewhere in the vicinity of the site. This indicates that livestock animals were driven into the town on the hoof and then slaughtered and butchered at various locations in the town. The size of the animals present showed that sheep and cattle were comparable in stature to those from other contemporary urban sites (McCarthy 2003). There is a suggestion from the small quantity of measurements taken that improvements were made in the overall size of stock from the medieval to the post-medieval period due to a combination perhaps of new breeds being introduced from the Continent or improved husbandry techniques. The skull frag-ments show that most of the cattle remains were of a short-horned variety although fragments of two long horn cores from the post-medieval period represented a breed of cattle introduced into Ireland
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from Britain and the continent during the 18th century. The faunal sample also included a relatively high proportion of horse bones and sufficient butchery marks were observed on the limb bones to suggest that these animals were exploited from time to time for their food value, perhaps in times of need when they had outlived their usefulness as traction animals. The eating of horseflesh was banned in the Early Medieval period and while the occasional consumption of horses has been documented, their remains typically account for a very small propor-tion of urban food refuse assemblages (McCarthy 2003). Domestic fowl were the most popular species of poultry and these birds were kept in the town as indi-cated by the recovery of immature specimens in the assemblage. Due to the small number of measure-ments no significant trends in the different breeds of birds could be shown but the recovery of three femora with clear calcium deposits laid down in the shaft of the bone (medullary bone) indicates that female hens were kept to provide eggs. The goose bones all belonged to adult individuals and these would have been useful providers of eggs and down. The few duck bones included adult and juvenile individuals suggesting that domestic ducks were kept on a small scale in the town. Fish seem to have contributed to the menu from time to time also and although the sample amounted to just four bones, it provided evidence for the consumption of cod, haddock and ling by the occupants. The few cat and dog bones in the assemblage are interpreted as the remains of discarded pets that had died. They may also simply have been scavengers that roamed around the town in search of food waste. Finally, the wild mammal component from Patrick Street consisted of a few bones each of red deer, rabbit and hare. Hares and rabbits were hunted in the fields surrounding the town although from the small number of bones recovered it is clear that these animals did not play an important role in the meat supply to the population of the town. The few deer bones represent animals that were probably captured in local areas of woodland though deer meat was not an important source of protein. At this time venison may have been regarded as food for the wealthy and the hunting activities would cer-tainly have been restricted to the upper classes.
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Bibliography
Boessneck, J. 1969 ‘Osteological differences between sheep and goat’ In D.R. Brothwell and E. Higgs (eds), Science in Archaeology, a survey of progress and research. Bristol.
Grant, A. 1975 ‘The Animal Bones’ and ‘Appendix B: The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic animals’ In: B. Cunliffe (ed), Excavations at Portchester Castle, Vol. 1: Roman. 378-408, 437-50. London.
McCormick, F. 1991 ‘The effect of the Anglo-Norman settlement on Ireland’s wild and domesticated fauna’ In: P.J. Crabtree and K. Ryan (eds), Animal Use and Cultural Change. Pennsylvania.
McCormick, F. 1997 ‘The Animal Bones’ In: M.F. Hurley and O.M.B. Scully. Late Viking Age and Medieval Waterford: Excavations 1986-1992.819-53. Waterford.
McCarthy, M. 2003 ‘Section 11: The Faunal Remains’ in R.M. Cleary and M.F. Hurley (eds) Excavations in Cork City 1984-2000, 375-391, Cork City Council.
Silver, I.A. 1971 ‘The Ageing of domestic animals’ In: In D.R. Brothwell and E. Higgs (eds), Science in Archaeology, a survey of progress and research. Bristol.
Von den Driesch, A. 1976 A Guide to the Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Bulletin 1, Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
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Tabl
e 1:
Rep
rese
ntat
ion
of sp
ecie
s
Cat
tleS/
GG
oat
Pig
Hor
se
Dog
Cat
Har
eR
abbi
tR
ed D
eer
Bird
Fish
Med
ieva
l Pits
486
236
74
122
1
1
62
Late
Med
ieva
l Pits
348
331
12
616
6
11
71
2La
te M
edie
val D
itche
s14
246
20
104
1
3
Late
Med
ieva
l Fur
row
Late
Med
ieva
l Lin
ear
feat
ures
63
1
Late
Med
ieva
l Cur
vi-li
near
fe
atur
e1
1
Post-
med
ieva
l Pits
5512
4
1
Post-
med
ieva
l Ditc
h2
Po
st-m
edie
val F
urro
w2
Po
st-m
edie
val C
obbl
e su
rfac
e
1
Post-
med
ieva
l Dep
osit
67
TO
TAL
1048
636
022
538
67
13
181
4
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Table 2: Non Livestock from 11 Patrick’s Street Kilkenny 99E0757
SPECIES C. NO. ELEMENT NO COMMENTS PHASEHORSE C100 Tooth 1 MED C109 Tib 1 Crudely smashed MED C112 Tooth 1 MED C227 Tooth 1 MED C260 Fem 1 Chopped MED Pat 1 MED Ast 1 MED C276 PH2 1 MED C285 C Vert 1 MED Skull 1 MED C337 Rad 1 MED C343 Pelvis 1 MED C394 Fem 1 Chopped MED C402 Tooth 1 MED C405 Tooth 1 MED PH2 1 MED C415 Tooth 2 MED Pelvis 1 Chopped LM MT 1 MG& LM MT 1 MNI 2 LM C185 Tib 1 D7 DF LM Splint 1 LM MT 1 MG& LM Calc 1 LM C235 MT 1 Chopped LM Fem 3 Chopped LM Mandible 2 LM C190 PH1 1 ND Tib 1 Chopped ND Fem 2 Chopped ND Pelvis 1 ND C194 Tooth 1 ND PH3 1 NDGOAT C194 HC 1 Female NDDOG C185 Tib 1 LM Tooth 1 LM C190 Tib 2 ND C235 Tib 1 LM MP 1 LM C260 Tib 1 MED C337 MT 1 MEDCAT C192 Mand 1 Adult LM Fem 1 Adult LM C196 Ulna 1 Adult LM Rad 1 Adult LM C199 Tooth 1 LM Skull 1 Adult LM C380 Mand 1 Adult MEDRED DEER C190 Scap 1 Chop marks Y ND C401 MT 1 HARE C117 Tib 1 ND C190 MP 5 ND
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SPECIES C. NO. ELEMENT NO COMMENTS PHASE C200 Skull 2 MED C328 Ulna 1 LMRABBIT C185 Tib 1 LM C198 Tib 1 LM C289 Tib 1 MEDGOOSE C134 Carpo 1 LM Ster 1 LM Tib Tars 1 LM C185 Tib Tars 1 LM C199 5 LM C260 Tib Tars 1 MEDFOWL C134 Carpo 1 LM C169 1 LM C175 2 ND C179 1 LM C185 2 LM C196 39 Two female LM C199 19 LM C360 1 MED C405 1 MEDDUCK C199 2 LM C230 1 MED C285 2 MEDCOD C117 PST 1 ND C200 1 MED C319 1 MEDHADDOCK C196 CL 1 LMLING C255 PARAS 1 LM
ND=No Date
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14.6 Appendix 6: Plant Remains from Patrick Street, Kilkenny 99E757
By Mary Dillon
The site is located in Patricks Street in the town of Kilkenny. It consisted of late Medieval and Post-medieval features including eighty pits with a small number of linear features and post-medieval struc-tural elements also being present on-site.This report deals with the charred plant remains retrieved from the site and looks at the information produced on environment, agricultural practices and diet.
Methodology
Bulk soil samples were collected on site and were processed post-excavation using a simple flotation method. Each sample was saturated in water to allow the carbonised plant material to float, this was then poured off into a series of sieves (1mm and 250µm), trapping the ‘flot’ (floating material) which was air-dried and stored in air-tight plastic bags. The flots were sorted and scanned for plant material and charcoal using a low-powered binocular microscope (magnification x10 to x 40). Nomenclature and taxonomic orders follows Stace (1997). All twenty-five samples were scanned for botanical mate-rial.
Results
Twelve samples were scanned and all were found to have plant remains. Four samples were Medieval in origin and eight were Post-medieval. The medieval samples came from the following contexts; Pit C100 (Area A+B); deposition layer C371 (Area D); fill C401 from pit C403 (Area C) and fill C411 from pit C407 (Area C).Medieval pottery of various types, animal bone, metal objects, slag and charcoal were found in the Medieval contexts.The Medieval samples were rich in cereals. They contained a majority of wheat (37%), with oat (34%) also abundant. Rye and barley made up 5% and 3% respectively (Table 1, Fig. 1). A large amount of weed seeds, including many from the knotgrass, goosefoot, daisy, sedge and legume families were present.
Barley, 3%
Rye, 5%
Indet. cereals 21%
Oat, 34%
Wheat, 37%
Fig. 1 Pie chart showing percentage frequency of cereals from the Medieval samples
Five samples came from Post-medieval contexts, all of which were fills of pits; C388 from C338 (Area D); C109 and C117 from C102, C113, C118, C120, C176 and C229 (a group of pits in Area A+B); C291 from C290 (Area E) and C289 from C288 (Area E). The Post-medieval samples were also rich in cereals. They contained a majority of barley (34%), with wheat (24%) also abundant. Oat is less important at (16%). Rye made up 3% of the cereal assemblage (Table 1, Fig. 2). However, barley was only dominant in one sample (C289 in Area E), from which 385
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grains were recovered. In the other samples barley is not highly represented. A large amount of weed seeds, including many from the knotgrass, goosefoot and legume families were present. Interestingly two flax boles were identified.
Three samples (from C2, C135 and C196) were of unknown date. The latter two contexts were fills of pits from Area A+B. C196 was the richest of the samples and contained a majority of wheat, with oat also dominant.
Rye, 2%
Barley, 34%
Wheat, 24%
Oat, 16%Indet. cereals
24%
Fig. 2 Pie chart showing percentage frequency of cereals from the Post-medieval samples
Discussion
The plant remains were predominantly cereals (wheat, oat, barley and rye) and a variety of weed seeds that are associated with growing among crops. It is useful to compare the Medieval samples with the Post-medieval samples. The medieval samples yielded a majority of wheat, followed by oat, with barley and rye making up small percentages, while the Post-medieval samples yielded a majority of barley, followed by oat and wheat. This is a somewhat opposite trend to what has been noted elsewhere. For example, in excavations car-ried out for the Dungarvan Sewerage Scheme in Dungarvan the medieval samples yielded a majority of oat, followed by barley and wheat, while the Post-medieval samples yielded a majority of wheat, followed by barely and oat (Dillon and Johnston, 2006).However, apart from one sample (C289) from a pit in Area E, barley is not dominant in the samples, and therefore there are only slight differences in the Medieval and Post-medieval samples. Overall it seems that oat and wheat were of equal importance with barley also significant. Rye was not highly represented, but consistent throughout many of the samples. Some of the wheat from Patrick St. could be identified as bread wheat. In the Breatha Déin Chécht bread wheat was more esteemed than spelt wheat and emmer wheat. This was probably because bread wheat has a high gluten content, which produces good quality bread (Kelly, 1998, 220), it is a free-threshing cereal, making it easier to process and it is less common than other cereals as it is intolerant of damp and wet weather. Only a small amount of wheat was recovered in a survey of early Christian sites in Munster (Monk et al. 1998). However, wheat gets more common in the later medieval period, e.g. at Kilferagh, Co Kilkenny the excavation of a 13th to 15th century kiln site produced a high inci-dence of bread wheat in comparison to other cereals (Monk 1987).Oat is listed as the least prestigious cereal in the 8th Century law text Breatha Déin Chécht. The low value of oat appears to be based upon the quality of bread that can be obtained from the grain (Kelly, 1998). However, bread was not the only food that was made from cereals, as they were also used for making meals, porridges, gruels and soup bases (Sexton, 1998). Oat occurs frequently in samples from the early medieval period; in several Munster sites it was the most frequent cereal (Monk et al., 1998). In other sites in Ireland, oat occurs frequently, although it is not always the most common (Monk, 1985/86). Oats identified from sites in Ireland include the cultivated variety (Avena sativa), wild oats
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(A. fatua) and the bristle pointed oats (A. strigosa/brevis). Oat species are difficult to distinguish on the basis of their grains, and chaff fragments are normally required before identifications can be made. At Patrick Street the oats could not be identified to species, as no characteristic chaff was found. Barley was well represented in the Patrick Street samples. Is the most frequent cereal from sites in the Early Historic period and remains popular into the medieval period. Barley is a resilient crop suited to Irish soil and climate (Monk et al. 1998). Although it can be difficult to distinguish between two-row and six-row barley, the latter variety appears to be more common from Irish early Christian sites (Monk, 1985/86). Some chaff fragment from Patrick Street were found to be six-row barley.Rye is consistently present in most of the samples, though is small amounts Archaeobotanical evidence also suggests that rye cultivation started in Ireland in the early Christian period (Monk, 1985/86). It has a more northerly range than other cereals. It is suitable for autumn sowing, and can be winter harvested. The grains can be ground for flour and the straw is the traditional thatching material used in the west of Ireland. Kelly suggests that, on linguistic grounds, some rye was introduced to Ireland with Christianity as the Old Irish word, secal, is borrowed from post-Classical Latin (Kelly, 1998). Low incidences of rye were recorded from a limited number of Munster early Christian rural sites (Monk et al., 1998). However, it is found quite widely, many sites producing at least a few grains. For example, samples from sites such as Lisleagh, Co. Cork, Lackenavorna, Co. Tipperary, Oughtymore, Co. Derry and Lough Faughan crannog, Co. Down, contained small amounts of rye grains (Monk 1985/86). It continues in popularity into the Post-medieval period. A large number of weed seeds were recovered from the samples. Most of these came from weeds that grow along side crops and were harvested with the cereals. The weed assemblage was dominated by weeds from the knotgrass and goosefoot family, with legumes, plantain and cleavers also present. Legumes would have provided a valuable source of protein in the medieval diet and may have been de-liberately gathered. The presence of weed seeds, together with cereal chaff indicates that these samples were unprocessed at the time of charring. The weed seeds in the Medieval and Post-medieval samples did not differ substantially. However, the one Post-medieval sample (C388) had one pea and one large bean, indicating the presence of legume crops and the use of such in the diet. Two flax bolls were found in sample C117. Flax was domesticated before 6000BC for the food value of the oily seeds, but in time became more valued for its fibres, from which cloth could be made. Flax may have come to Ireland from Roman Britain and was a very important crop by the 18th and 19th century (Feehan, 2003, 163). Flax for making cloth is harvested when its still green, before the seeds have ripened. Both the flax bolls found were from mature plants, indicating that it may have been grown here as a foodstuff.
Summary
The samples from Patrick Street excavations are rich in plant remains. There is little difference in the cereal assemblages from the Medieval and Post-medieval times, in contrast to sites around the rest of the country. Wheat, oat and barley form the majority of the assemblage, with rye being consistently present in small amounts. The weed seeds are characteristic of cultivated ground. The presence of culti-vated legumes and flax in the Post-medieval samples gives us an indication of the agricultural practices as well as the wider social traditions in Kilkenny at the time.
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References
Dillon, M. and Johnston, P. 2006 Plant remains from Killeen Castle Demense, Co. Meath. Report produced for M. Gowen LtdFeehan, J. 2003 Farming in Ireland - History, Heritage and Environment. UCD, DublinKelly, F. 1998 Early Irish Farming. Dublin, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.Mitchell, G F 1951 ‘Studies in Irish Quaternary deposits’. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 53B, 111-206Monk, M. 1985/86 Evidence from macroscopic plant remains for crop husbandry in prehistoric and early historic Ireland: A review. Journal of Irish Archaeology 3Monk, M. 1987 ‘Appendix II Charred seeds and plant remains from Kilferagh, Co. Kilkenny’, pp. 98-99 in Cleary, R.M. Hurley, M.F. and Twohig E.A. (eds.) Archaeological Excavations on the Cork-Dublin Gas Pipeline (1981-82). Cork, Department of ArchaeologyMonk, M. Tierney, J. and Hannon, M. 1998 Archaeobotanical studies and early medieval Munster. In Monk M. and Sheehan J. (eds.) Early Medieval Munster Archaeology, History and Society. Cork, Cork University PressSexton, R. 1998 Porridges, gruels and breads: the cereal foodstuffs of early medieval Ireland. In M. Monk and J. Sheehan (eds.) Early Medieval Munster Archaeology, History and Society. Cork, Cork University PressStace, C.A. 1997 New Flora in the British Isles (2nd edition), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
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Tabl
e 1
Site
: Pat
rick’
s Str
eet
Con
text
411
100
401
371
388
289
291
117
109
135
219
6In
dete
rmin
ate
seed
s fro
m th
e go
osef
oot f
amily
(Che
nopo
diac
eae)
11
4
12
Prob
able
She
ep’s
sorr
el (R
umex
cf a
ceto
sella
L.)
2
Inde
term
inat
e se
eds f
rom
the
Kno
tgra
ss fa
mily
(Pol
ygon
acea
e)
7
51
W
ild ra
dish
(Rap
hanu
s rap
hani
strum
L.)
caps
ule
2
Bean
s (Ph
aseo
lus/
Vig
na/V
icia
/Fab
a)
1
Pe
a (P
isum
spec
ies)
1
Smal
l see
ds fr
om th
e Le
gum
e fa
mily
(Fab
acea
e)
21
4
155
2
1
4La
rge
seed
s fro
m th
e Le
gum
e fa
mily
(Fab
acea
e)
111
1
45
63
5Fl
ax se
ed fr
agm
ents
(Lin
um L
. spe
cies
)
Pl
anta
in (P
lant
ago
L. sp
ecie
s)
2
Fl
ax b
ole
(Lin
um L
. spe
cies
)
2
N
ippl
ewor
t (La
psan
a co
mm
unis
L.)
5
2
Cle
aver
s (G
aliu
m a
pari
ne L
.)
1
3
112
In
dete
rmin
ate
seed
s fro
m th
e pi
nk fa
mily
(Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
)
1
In
dete
rmin
ate
daisy
fam
ily se
eds:
mar
igol
d ty
pe (A
ster
acea
e)1
7
2
In
dete
rmin
ate
seed
s fro
m th
e da
isy fa
mily
(Ast
erac
eae)
1
Inde
term
inat
e se
eds f
rom
the
sedg
e fa
mily
(Cyp
erac
eae)
2
1
4
Oat
gra
ins (
Aven
a L.
spec
ies)
67
15
520
148
15
3
115
Poss
ible
oat
gra
ins (
cf A
vena
spec
ies)
7
Barle
y gr
ains
(Hor
deum
vul
gare
L.)
3
10
538
5
11
13
1Ba
rley
rach
is in
tern
odes
(6-r
ow)
33
Nak
ed b
arle
y (H
orde
um n
udum
)
1
Po
ssib
le b
arle
y gr
ains
(cf H
orde
um v
ulga
re)
2
Oat
/Bar
ley
grai
ns (A
vena
/Hor
deum
)
2
Ry
e gr
ains
(Sec
ale
cere
ale)
25
814
Poss
ible
rye
grai
ns (c
f Sec
ale
cere
ale)
1
5
Poss
ible
Rye
rach
is in
tern
odes
(cf S
ecal
e cer
eale)
2
Free
thre
shin
g w
heat
(Tri
ticum
aest
ivum
L./t
urgi
dum
Des
f./du
rum
L.)
990
2949
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Site
Patr
icks
Str
eet
Con
text
411
100
401
371
388
289
291
117
109
135
219
6Pr
obab
le fr
ee th
resh
ing
whe
at (T
ritic
um c
f aest
ivum
L./t
urgi
dum
Des
f./du
-ru
m L
.)5
34
Brea
d w
heat
rach
is in
tern
odes
(Tri
ticum
aest
ivum
L.)
2
46
Whe
at g
rain
s (Tr
iticu
m L
. spe
cies
)24
329
2218
620
368
31
232
Whe
at/R
ye g
rain
s (Tr
iticu
m/S
ecal
e)
2
1065
5
In
dete
rmin
ate
cere
al g
rain
s6
42
5679
166
529
1
319
Rac
his i
nter
node
s fro
m in
dete
rmin
ate
cere
als
3
12
1
Smal
l gra
ss se
eds (
Poac
eae)
3
Inde
term
iant
e gr
asse
s, Av
ena
type
1
3
8
9
Inde
term
inat
e gr
ass s
eeds
(Poa
ceae
)
13
371
61
In
dete
rmin
ate
wee
d se
eds
3
5
4
11
Stra
w c
ulm
nod
es
5
25
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15.7 Appendix 7: Catalogue of Clay Pipes
Described by Sara Camplese
Stems
Stem (99E0757:11:28) L. 34.9mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:235:31) L. 38.4mm, D. 9mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:177:4) L. 31.8mm, D. 7.6mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:177:5) L. 59.2mm, D. 7.9mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:177:6)) L. 27.5mm, D. 8.1mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:177:7) L. 19.5mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:26) L. 30.09mm, D. 6.5mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:24) L. 39.9mm, D. 7.8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:25) L. 31mm, D. 6.3mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:23) L. 58mm, D. 8.2mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:108:7) L. 33mm, D. 7.8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:108:8) Fragment. L. 20.06mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:314:3) L. 40.07mm, D. 7.1mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:314:4) L. 28.5mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:39) L. 31.7mm, D. 6.8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:6:5) L. 39mm, D. 9.4mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:8:7) L. 45.5mm, D. 7.7mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:8:6) L. 52.2mm, D. 8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:16:28) L. 72mm, D. 8.5mm. Incomplete.
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Stem (99E0757:179:29) L. 35mm, D. 6.7mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:30) L. 40mm, D. 8.7mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:291:2) L. 72.2mm, D. 10.06mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:325:2) L. 44.1mm, D. 9.3mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:326:1) L. 52.8mm, D. 9.2mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:173:3) L. 35.1mm, D. 8.7mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:0:8) L. 43.7mm, D. 9.3mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:54) L. 29.8mm, D. 6.4mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:55) L. 48.2mm, D. 7.8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:56) L. 58.8mm, D. 7.4mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:57) L. 34.2mm, D. 8.3mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:199:58) L. 27.4mm, D. 5.6mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:184:3) L. 54.7mm, D. 9.3mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:39) L. 70.05mm, D. 8.4mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:42) L. 74mm, D. 7.8mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:179:43) L. 32.8mm, D. 8.2mm. Incomplete.
Stem (99E0757:227:3) L. 32.9mm, D. 7.6mm. Incomplete.
Bowls*
Bowl (99E0757:200:18) Fragment. L. 22mm, W. 11.4mm.
Bowl (99E0757:179:22) Fragment. L. 35.5mm, W. 6.5mm. Bulbous with rouletting decoration near the rim.
Bowl (99E0757:179:40+41) L. 39.7mm, D. 15.6mm. Incomplete (broken). Lip present. Slightly bulbous with plain rim. Date: 1640-1670 (Lane 1997 366 Fig. 12:1:32).
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Bowl (99E0757:179:21) L. 41.7mm, W. 14.2mm. Incomplete. Lip present. Spur present. Bulbous with rouletting decoration near the rim. Spur large and flat. Date : 1661-1681 Bristol type 9B (ibid., 368 Fig. 12:1:19)
Bowl (99E0757:0:9) L. 50.08mm, D. 13.5mm. Complete. Lip slightly damaged. First part of stem present. Bulbous with rouletted rim. Spur untrimmed. Date: c. 1650 (ibid., Fig. 12:1:25).
Bowl (99E0757:179:20) L. 73.5mm, D. 18.3mm. Incomplete. Spur present. Part of the stem present. Bulbous, flat-based, heavily ‘chinned’. Date: c. 1650 (ibid., Fig. 12:1:13).
* The diameter considered is the maximum diameter of the bowl. When the bowl lip is present the diameter is taken on the rim of the bowl.
Bibliographic References
Lane 1997. Lane S., The clay pipes, section 12:I, in “Late Viking Age and medieval Waterford – Excavations 1986-1992”, Waterford 1997 (pages 366-374).
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15.8 Appendix 8: Catalogue of Metal Artefacts
Described by Sara Camplese
Nails
Nail (99E0757:100:22) Fe. L. 42.9mm, Th. (of shank) 9.1mm. Small iron nail. Head missing. Possibly originally headless. Shank slightly curved. Conserved.
Nail/Head of Iron Bar (99E0757:100:23) Fe. L. 42.1mm, Th. (of shank) 18.2mm, W. of head 48.1mm. Head of large iron bar, split at the end to create head. Possibly a large nail-like artefact. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:176:13) Fe. L. 37.3mm, Th. (of shank) 11.2mm. Circular-cross section. Slightly bent. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:200:19) Fe. Two fragments. One enlongated strip and one rounded. Possibly a flattened nail. Larger piece: L.34.3mm, Th. (of shank) 12.7mm. Smaller piece: L. 20.2mm, Th. (of shank) 16.5mm. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:231:8) Fe. L. 32.5mm, Th. (of shank) 8.4mm, W. (of head) 7.9mm. Rectangular in section. Flat rectangular head. Slightly bent. Incomplete. Conserved.
Nail? (99E0757:235:33) Fe. L. 46.4mm, Th. (of shank) 7.4mm. Possible broken nail. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:246:4) Fe. L. 41.1mm, Th. (of shank) 24.2mm, W. (of head) 20.1mm. Rectangular in section. Large flat rectangular headed. Shank slightly bent. Incomplete. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:296:7) Fe. L. 31.2mm, Th. (of shank) 6.2mm. Headless. Rectangular in section. Incomplete. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:319:23) Fe. L. 33.3mm, Th. (of shank) 12.6mm, D. (of head) 14.3mm. Rectangular in section. Flat sub-circular headed. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:113:28) Fe. L. 54.3mm, Th. (of shank) 10mm, W. (of head) 15.6mm. Rectangular in section. Sub-rectangular headed. Shank slightly bent. Complete but broken in two pieces. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:383:6) Fe. L. 47.2mm, Th. (of shank) 7mm, D. (of head) 19.6mm. Square in section. Large flat sub-circular headed. Complete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:380:13) Fe. L. 49mm, Th. (of shank) 10.07mm, D. (of head) 17.6mm. Rectangular in section. Large flat sub-circular headed. Shank slightly bent. Complete. Not conserved.
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Nail (99E0757:117:32) Fe. L. 81.4mm, Th. (of shank) 6.5mm, D. (of head) 17.7mm. Square in section. Flat sub-circular headed. Complete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:117:33) Fe. L. 31.2mm, Th. (of shank) 6.8mm. Portion of the shank. Headless. Rectangular in section. Incomplete. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:134:52) Fe. L. 42.6mm, Th. (of shank) 6.7mm, D. (of head) 15.3mm. Rectangular in section. Rounded sub-circular headed. Incomplete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:134:53) Fe. L. 47.4mm, Th. (of shank) 9.8mm. Portion of the shank. Headless. Rectangular in section. Incomplete. Conserved.
Nail (99E0757:124:23) Fe. L. 31.9mm, Th. (of shank) 8.3mm, W. (of head) 17.1mm. Rectangular in section. Flat rectangular headed. Incomplete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:124:24) Fe. L. 56.6mm, Th. (of shank) 6.9mm, D. (of head) 18.3mm. Rectangular in section. Flat sub-circular headed. Complete but broken. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:219:1) Fe. L. 47.3mm, Th. (of shank) 7.8mm. Headless. Rectangular in section. Incomplete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:102:1) Fe. L. 44.6mm, Th. (of shank) 9.4mm, D. (of head) 10.1mm. Rectangular in section. Rounded sub-circular headed. Shank bent. Complete but broken. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:190:9) Fe. L. 30mm, Th. (of shank) 5.5mm, D. (of head) 9.8mm. Fragment of a small nail. Part of rounded circular head present. Rectangular in section. Incomplete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:199:67) Fe. L. 66.7mm, Th. (of shank) 6.9mm, D. (of head) 18.4mm. Flat sub-circular headed. Rectangular in section. Shank bent. Complete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:199:68) Fe. L. 52.8mm, Th. (of shank) 6.5mm, D. (of head) 12.4mm. Flat sub-circular headed. Rectangular in section. Rectangular in section. Shank slightly bent. Complete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:119:32) Fe. L. 71.3mm, Th. (of shank) 6.7mm, W. (of head) 14.4mm. Square in section. Flat square headed. Shank straight. Complete. Not conserved.
Nail (99E0757:119:33) Fe. L. 47.1mm, Th. (of shank) 7.2mm. Headless. Rectangular in section. Shank bent. Incomplete. Not conserved.
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Other Artefacts
Fragment (99E0757:134:49) Fe. L. 4.92mm, W. 3.51mm. Flat. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:134:50) Fe. L. 22.1mm, W. 13.9mm. Flat. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:134:51) Fe. L. 12.9mm, W. 11.3mm. Small corrosion product piece. Conserved.
Strip/Bar (99E0757:194:13) Fe. L. 62.2mm, W. 13.1mm. Flat bar with rectangular-cross section. Conserved.
Strip/Bar (99E0757:194:14) Fe. L. 53.2mm, W. 7.1mm. Flat bar with rectangular-cross section. Conserved.
Strip (99E0757:230:5) Cu.alloy L. 35.3mm, W. 7.8mm. Thin strip with a small hole/perforation at one end. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:251:4) Cu.alloy L. 27.1mm, W. 22.2mm. Flat rounded fragment. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:251:5) Cu.alloy L. 26.9mm, W. 8.1mm. Thin strip. Conserved.
Coin (99E0757:286:1) Cu. D. 18.3mm. Irish copper penny – Elizabeth I, dated 1601. Intact. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:309:1) Cu.alloy L. 76.6mm, W. 32.4mm. Flat sheet. Slightly curved at edge. The other edge is the actual edge of object. Conserved.
Token? (99E0757:328:7) Cu.alloy D. 26.2mm, Th. 0.4mm. Flat and rounded with shiny silver-coloured surface. Inscription revealed, but only partially legible. Two sections: 1. NRD 2. IHIBI. Centre shows a button-like stamp. Conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:309:2) Cu. L. 35.6mm, W. 28.2mm. Flat sub-rectangular fragment. Not conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:309:3) Cu. L. 46.1mm, W. 28.5mm. Flat triangular fragment. Not conserved.
Fragment (99E0757:309:4) Cu. L. 23.3mm, W. 6.5mm. Flat rounded fragment. Not conserved.
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15.9 Appendix 9: Catalogue of Stone Artefacts
Described by Sara Camplese
Slate (99E0757:131:7) L. 81.1mm, W. 56mm, Th. 5.3mm. Incomplete. Dark greenish gray (From 10Y, 3/1 to 5GY, 4/1). Broken with sub-circular perforation.
Unidentified (99E0757:109:11) L. 133.7mm, W. 109.6mm, Th. 11.7mm. Incomplete. From dark gray (10YB, 4/1) to dark grayish brown (10YB, 4/2). Broken, squre-shaped.
Unidentified (99E0757:8:5) L. 100.5mm, W.13mm, Th.10mm. Incomplete. Possible whetstone? Trapeizodal in shape. One face very flat and smoothened, other face rounded.
Decorated stone (99E0757:272:4) L. 134.8mm, W. 62.4mm, Th. 26.7 mm. Siltstone or slate. Incomplete. Triangular-shaped with an incomplete circular perforation (D. 6.3mm). Decoration is impressed and consists in four five-petal flowers in a row plus another circular symbol.
Flint (99E0757:249:3) L. 39.1mm, W. 29.2mm, Th. 17.4mm. Split flint pebble, 40% covered with cortex. Possibility that flakes have been struck from distal end with two probable flake scars.