architect drawings

Construction: Manual and Computer-Aided Construction Drawing (Higher). Study Guide 3 1

CONSTRUCTION

MANUAL AND COMPUTER-AIDEDCONSTRUCTION DRAWING

HIGHER

STUDY GUIDE 3

Construction drawings


STUDY GUIDE 3: CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

INTRODUCTION

Outcome 2Prepare site layouts and general arrangement drawings for construction projects.

On completion of this Outcome you should be able to:• describe the types of drawing used for construction projects• accurately prepare a scale site layout• accurately prepare a general arrangement drawing for a small building project.

Most of the drawing work you will undertake for the Outcome will be that requiredfor the assessment assignments of the unit. Additional drawing work may be basedon drawings required for assessment of the other two units of Higher Constructionand for the external assessment project of the Higher course.


TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

This section deals with the various types of drawing required for a building project,from the conceptual design stage to the preparation of production drawings. Theserange from small scale drawings showing the location of a site in relation to localgeographic and infrastructure features, to very large scale production drawingsshowing small details of the construction.

Drawings produced in construction are used by various parties, for example:• Structural Engineer• Services Engineer• Architect• Planning• Building Control• Quantity Surveyor.

Range of construction drawingsWorking from the smallest scale to the largest scale used the range may besummarised as follows:1 Site Location Plans2 Site Layout Plans3 Sketch Drawings4 General Arrangement Drawings (plans, sections and elevations)5 Construction Details.

There are also other pieces of information, some of which require drawings, these are:1 Schedules – for windows, doors, etc.2 Specifications – materials and construction.


The scales used for the five main types of construction drawing have been given inStudy Guide 1 but are repeated again here.

Use Scale Ratio

Maps 1:1000000 l mm to l000m1:500000 l mm to 500m1:200000 l mm to 200m1:100000 l mm to 100m1:50000 l mm to 50m

Town surveys 1:50000 1 mm to 50m1:20000 l mm to 20m1:10000 l mm to l0m1:5000 l mm to 5m1:2500 1 mm to 2.5 m

Survey Location Plans 1 :2500 1 mm to 2.5 m1:2000 l mm to 2m

Location Plans 1:1250 l mm to l25m1:1000 l mm to lm

Site Layout Plans 1:500 l mm to 0.5m

Site and key plans 1:1250 1 mm to 1.25m1:1000 l mm to lm1:500 l mm to 0.5m

Sketch schemes, etc. 1:200 1 mm to 0.2 m1:100 l mm to 0.lm

Location drawings 1:200 1 mm to 0.2 m(General Arrangement) 1:100 l mm to 0.lm

1:50 l mm to 0.05m

Component and 1:20 1 mm to 0.02 massembly detail 1:10 1 mm to 0.01mdrawings 1:5 1 mm to 0.005m

1:1 Full size

Other Drawings Plans and sections (longitudinal and cross) for roadsFabrication drawings for steelworkDrainage drawingsRecord drawings showing the building ‘As Built’

The following pages show examples of the main types of construction drawings.

NOTE: The drawings do not relate to the same construction project


To Dum

fries

To Town Centre

To Dalbeattie

To A

uchen

Location PlanThis plan shows where the site is in relation to main roads.It gives directions to officials who may need to visit the site.

Town HeadRoundabout

Proposed House Site

The usual scale for this type of drawing is 1:2500 or 1:5000


FREEHAND SKETCH PLAN AND FRONT ELEVATIONThis type of sketch might be done by the Architect (or by the Client) as a way ofworking out the positions and approximate sizes of rooms, etc.

It is easy to trace over and finalise the details though some adjustments are usuallynecessary when sizes are worked out and the sketches are drawn to scale.


Room DimensionsLounge 4.50m by 4.05Dining Room 3.45m by 3.60mKitchen 2.95m by 3.20mFamily Room 4.50 by 3.60mUtility Room 1.80 by 3.20mW.C. 0.90m by 2.60mBed Room 1 4.10m by 4.90mBed Room 2 4.10m by 2.75mBed Room 3 2.25m by 2.75mBed Room 4 3.00m by 3.35mBathroom 1.45m by 2.75m


TYPICAL SCALED SKETCH PLANThis type of drawing would be part of a set of designs shown to the Clients for themto make up their minds on which scheme to accept.

The scale used for these is usually 1:100 as the amount of detail required is not critical

Typical House Ground Floor Plan

The scale for this standard of detail would be 1:50This is not re-produced to scale but will be approx. 1:70


Typical Elevation Sheet for a two storey houseThe usual scale for these is 1:100 but if more detail is required a scale of 1:50 can beused with perhaps only two elevations on each sheet.


Typical Cross-section Through a Two-Storey HouseThese sections are usually drawn at a scale of 1:50 and show heights and verticalangles which are not possible on plan views.


Typical Construction Detail

The detail shows the cross-section through an external wall from foundation to abovewindow head.

The scale for his drawing would normally be 1:5 but if more detail was required thismay go to 1:2 (Half full size) or even 1:1 (Full size).

Reinforced

Concrete

Lintel

Expanded

Polystyrene

Insulation

Casement

Window

Concrete

Sill

Concrete Floor

with Polythene

Damp Proof Membrane

Concrete

Strip

Foundation

SECTION THROUGH WALL

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