architecture
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Architecture. Stone Age Paleolithic. Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France c.15,000 BCE. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Architecture
Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000
BCE
Stone Age
Paleolithic
Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France c.15,000 BCE
Note : The following demonstrates how established dates are designated today vs. how they have been shown in the past :
Before Now BC = Before Christ BCE = Before Common Era AD = Anno Domini (year of our lord) CE = Common Era
Round Tower [of Jericho]Tel-el-Sultan c.7000 BCE (Neolithic)
Brick & Stone
Ancient Architecture
Ziggurat at Ur (Third Dynasty) Sumerian c. 2100 BCE
Sun-dried Brick
Sumerian Architecture
Great Pyramids At Giza(Cheops, Chefren, Mycerinus)
(EOK) c. 2570-2500 BCE
Egyptian
Old Kingdom (EOK) Architecture
Stone Quarry for Pyramids
Pyramid entrance tunnel
Egyptian
Old Kingdom (EOK) Archtiecture
Cross section of Pyramid tunnels and chambers
Mayan Architecture
Mayan Temple of the Giant Jaguar (Temple I)
Tikal, El Péten, Guatemala c. 700 CE
El CastilloChichén Itza, Mexico 9th-10th Century CE
Stone
Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Architect Imhotep
Dier - El - Bahri, Thebes (ENK),
Beginning of the XVIIIth Dynasty c.1480 BCE
Egyptian
New Kingdom (ENK) Architecture
Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE
Neolithic Architecture
Type of construction?
Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE
Neolithic Architecture
Type of construction? Post and Lintel construction
Palace at Knossos courtyard Crete, Minoan c.1600 BC
Palace Floor Plan
Minoan Architecture
Queen’s Bedroom in the Palace at Knossos Late Minoan c.1500 BC
Minoan Art and Architecture
The Queen’s parlourPalace at Knossos, Crete
Minoan Art and Architecture
Root 5 Rectangle
(based on the Golden Mean
Length = √ 5 x height )
A B C
Proportion
Classical Greek design principle
The Golden Mean
The Golden Rectangle
The Parthenon on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece
Iktinos and KalliKrates (Architects)
448 - 432 BCE
GreeceClassical Art
Floor Plan
Sculptural model of the
Goddess Athena of the Parthenon
Doric Ionic Corinthian (origin : Greek mainland) (origin : Asia Minor) (origin : Corinth,Greece )
Greece Classical Architectural Column Designs
Roman Aqueduct
Pont Du Gard, Nimes, FranceBrick and Stone c. 14 CE
900’ in length x 160’ in height
Early Roman Empire Architecture
Early Roman Empire Architecture
Collosseum
Rome
Concrete c. 80 CE
All three orders of Greek Architecture are used here.
Third level : CorinthianSecond Level : IonicFirst Level : Doric
PantheonRome
Early Empire 117-125 CEBrick and concrete
15-18 similar
Early Roman Empire Architecture
Under the Portico of the
Pantheon Rome
117-125 CE
Early Roman Empire Architecture
Early Roman Empire Architecture
The PantheonRome
Early Empire 117-125 CEConcrete coffered ceiling w/ oculus
15-19
Construction Designs
Romanesque Architecture
• Cathedrals
St. Sernin Cathedral Toulouse, France 1080-1210 CE
St. Etienne Cathedral interiorVignory, France 1050-1057 CE
15-27
Floor Plan
Gothic Architecture
Notre Dame Cathedral (Apse) Paris, France
Detail 1163 - 1250 CE
Notre Dame Floor Plan
Apse
Flying Buttresses
Notre Dame Facade
Gothic Architecture
• Cathedrals
Ribbed Vaulted Ceiling(Example)
Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France Begun 1220 CE
Islamic Architeture
Great Mosque (interior) Cordoba, Spain 784 - 988 CE
Great Mosque dome
Mosque : from the Arab word masjad meaning ‘a place of kneeling’
Buddhist Architecture
Buddhist StupaSanchi, India
The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550
Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560
The Renaissance in Italy
The High Renaissance House
Pilladio
Louis SullivanCarson Pirie Scott Building
Chicago, IL 1890 - 1904Steel Structure
Late 19th & early 20th Century Architecture
Art Nouveau Decorative Details
in wrought-iron above entrance and elsewhere
The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550
Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560
The Renaissance in Italy
The High Renaissance House
Pilladio
Katsura PalaceKyoto, Japan c. 1615 - 1663
Traditional Japanese Architecture
Late19th & early 20th Century Architecture
17 - 14
Frank Lloyd Wright 1867 - 1959
The Robie HouseChicago, IL 1907 - 09
Falling WaterBear Run. PA 1936 - 39
Casa MilaBarcelona, Spain 1906 - 1910
Antonio Gaudi 1852 - 1926
Art Nouveau Architecture
Antonio GaudiPark Guell
Barcelona, Spain
Art Nouveau Architecture
Antonio GaudiCasa Battlo
Barcelona, Spain 1904 - 1906
Architecture
Ludwig Mies van der RoheSeagram Building
NYC 1954-58
Modern Architecture - International Style
Buckminster FullerGeodesic Dome Structure
c 1950
The Building Truss
20th Century Architecture Prefab design and structure
Geodesic BiosphereMontreal World’s Fair of 1967
Buckminster Fuller
Architecture
Buckminster Fuller Stamp
Geodesic Urban Dome of the future
Geodesic Sphere Epcot Center Orlando, FL
21st Century Architecture
Murphy & Mackey, architects
Climatron Missouri Botanical Garden
Geodesic structure + Dale Chihuly blown glass sculpture
Notre Dame du HautRonchamp, France 1955
20th Century Architecture
Le Corbusier
Villa SavoiePoissy, France 1929
20th Century Architecture
Joern Utzon Opera House
Sydney, Australia 1959-72
Frei OttoOlympic Village Tent Structures
Munich, Germany 1972
20th Century Architecture Suspension and Tensile Construction
Walt Disney Concert HallLos Angelos, CA 2003
Contemporary Architecture
Frank Gehry
Corcoran Gallery proposal (model)
Washington, DCModel made of Gatorboard, basswood, silver paper, Plexiglas, and acetate
30” x 41” x 72”
Contemporary Architecture
Frank Gehry
Guggenheim MuseumBilbao, Spain 1997
End of Chapter 2