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Page 1: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Architecture

Page 2: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000

BCE

Stone Age

Paleolithic

Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France c.15,000 BCE

Note : The following demonstrates how established dates are designated today vs. how they have been shown in the past :

Before Now BC = Before Christ BCE = Before Common Era AD = Anno Domini (year of our lord) CE = Common Era

Page 3: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Round Tower [of Jericho]Tel-el-Sultan c.7000 BCE (Neolithic)

Brick & Stone

Ancient Architecture

Page 4: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Ziggurat at Ur (Third Dynasty) Sumerian c. 2100 BCE

Sun-dried Brick

Sumerian Architecture

Page 5: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Great Pyramids At Giza(Cheops, Chefren, Mycerinus)

(EOK) c. 2570-2500 BCE

Egyptian

Old Kingdom (EOK) Architecture

Stone Quarry for Pyramids

Page 6: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Pyramid entrance tunnel

Egyptian

Old Kingdom (EOK) Archtiecture

Cross section of Pyramid tunnels and chambers

Page 7: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Mayan Architecture

Mayan Temple of the Giant Jaguar (Temple I)

Tikal, El Péten, Guatemala c. 700 CE

El CastilloChichén Itza, Mexico 9th-10th Century CE

Stone

Page 8: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Architect Imhotep

Dier - El - Bahri, Thebes (ENK),

Beginning of the XVIIIth Dynasty c.1480 BCE

Egyptian

New Kingdom (ENK) Architecture

Page 9: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE

Neolithic Architecture

Type of construction?

Page 10: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c.1800 - 1400 BCE

Neolithic Architecture

Type of construction? Post and Lintel construction

Page 11: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Palace at Knossos courtyard Crete, Minoan c.1600 BC

Palace Floor Plan

Minoan Architecture

Page 12: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Queen’s Bedroom in the Palace at Knossos Late Minoan c.1500 BC

Minoan Art and Architecture

Page 13: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

The Queen’s parlourPalace at Knossos, Crete

Minoan Art and Architecture

Page 14: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Root 5 Rectangle

(based on the Golden Mean

Length = √ 5 x height )

A B C

Proportion

Classical Greek design principle

The Golden Mean

The Golden Rectangle

Page 15: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece

Iktinos and KalliKrates (Architects)

448 - 432 BCE

GreeceClassical Art

Floor Plan

Sculptural model of the

Goddess Athena of the Parthenon

Page 16: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Doric Ionic Corinthian (origin : Greek mainland) (origin : Asia Minor) (origin : Corinth,Greece )

Greece Classical Architectural Column Designs

Page 17: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Roman Aqueduct

Pont Du Gard, Nimes, FranceBrick and Stone c. 14 CE

900’ in length x 160’ in height

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Page 18: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Collosseum

Rome

Concrete c. 80 CE

All three orders of Greek Architecture are used here.

Third level : CorinthianSecond Level : IonicFirst Level : Doric

Page 19: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

PantheonRome

Early Empire 117-125 CEBrick and concrete

15-18 similar

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Page 20: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Under the Portico of the

Pantheon Rome

117-125 CE

Early Roman Empire Architecture

Page 21: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Early Roman Empire Architecture

The PantheonRome

Early Empire 117-125 CEConcrete coffered ceiling w/ oculus

15-19

Page 22: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Construction Designs

Page 23: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Romanesque Architecture

• Cathedrals

St. Sernin Cathedral Toulouse, France 1080-1210 CE

St. Etienne Cathedral interiorVignory, France 1050-1057 CE

15-27

Floor Plan

Page 24: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Gothic Architecture

Notre Dame Cathedral (Apse) Paris, France

Detail 1163 - 1250 CE

Notre Dame Floor Plan

Apse

Flying Buttresses

Notre Dame Facade

Page 25: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Gothic Architecture

• Cathedrals

Ribbed Vaulted Ceiling(Example)

Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France Begun 1220 CE

Page 26: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Islamic Architeture

Great Mosque (interior) Cordoba, Spain 784 - 988 CE

Great Mosque dome

Mosque : from the Arab word masjad meaning ‘a place of kneeling’

Page 27: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Buddhist Architecture

Buddhist StupaSanchi, India

Page 28: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550

Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560

The Renaissance in Italy

The High Renaissance House

Pilladio

Page 29: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Louis SullivanCarson Pirie Scott Building

Chicago, IL 1890 - 1904Steel Structure

Late 19th & early 20th Century Architecture

Art Nouveau Decorative Details

in wrought-iron above entrance and elsewhere

Page 30: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

The RotundaVicenza, Italy c. 1550

Proscenium of the Teatro OlimpicoVicenza, Italy c. 1560

The Renaissance in Italy

The High Renaissance House

Pilladio

Page 31: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Katsura PalaceKyoto, Japan c. 1615 - 1663

Traditional Japanese Architecture

Page 32: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Late19th & early 20th Century Architecture

17 - 14

Frank Lloyd Wright 1867 - 1959

The Robie HouseChicago, IL 1907 - 09

Falling WaterBear Run. PA 1936 - 39

Page 33: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Casa MilaBarcelona, Spain 1906 - 1910

Antonio Gaudi 1852 - 1926

Art Nouveau Architecture

Page 34: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Antonio GaudiPark Guell

Barcelona, Spain

Art Nouveau Architecture

Page 35: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Antonio GaudiCasa Battlo

Barcelona, Spain 1904 - 1906

Architecture

Page 36: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Ludwig Mies van der RoheSeagram Building

NYC 1954-58

Modern Architecture - International Style

Page 37: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Buckminster FullerGeodesic Dome Structure

c 1950

The Building Truss

20th Century Architecture Prefab design and structure

Page 38: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Geodesic BiosphereMontreal World’s Fair of 1967

Buckminster Fuller

Architecture

Buckminster Fuller Stamp

Geodesic Urban Dome of the future

Geodesic Sphere Epcot Center Orlando, FL

Page 39: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

21st Century Architecture

Murphy & Mackey, architects

Climatron Missouri Botanical Garden

Geodesic structure + Dale Chihuly blown glass sculpture

Page 40: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Notre Dame du HautRonchamp, France 1955

20th Century Architecture

Le Corbusier

Villa SavoiePoissy, France 1929

Page 41: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

20th Century Architecture

Joern Utzon Opera House

Sydney, Australia 1959-72

Page 42: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Frei OttoOlympic Village Tent Structures

Munich, Germany 1972

20th Century Architecture Suspension and Tensile Construction

Page 43: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Walt Disney Concert HallLos Angelos, CA 2003

Contemporary Architecture

Frank Gehry

Page 44: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

Corcoran Gallery proposal (model)

Washington, DCModel made of Gatorboard, basswood, silver paper, Plexiglas, and acetate

30” x 41” x 72”

Contemporary Architecture

Frank Gehry

Guggenheim MuseumBilbao, Spain 1997

Page 45: Architecture. Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France c.15,000 BCE Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France

End of Chapter 2