archived as …"geometrodynamics" from the 1950's of "mass without mass",...
TRANSCRIPT
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archived as http://www.stealthskater.com/Documents/Sarfatti_11.pdf
note: because important websites are frequently "here today but gone tomorrow", the following was
archived from http://qedcorp.com/APS/Ukraine.doc on July 8, 2003 . This is NOT an
attempt to divert readers from the aforementioned web-site. Indeed, the reader should only
read this back-up copy if it cannot be found at the original author's site.
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Wheeler‟s World: It From Bit? Jack Sarfatti
Internet Science Education Project1
San Francisco, CA
Abstract
These are my impressionistic sketches of very recent progress in the foundations of
quantum theory including: the physics of consciousness2; the metric engineering of
gravity, as a macro-quantum emergent field in the sense of Andrei Sakharov, for
traversable wormhole time and space travel with weightless timelike geodesic warp drive
of unconventional space vehicles; experimental precision cosmology and the meaning of
dark energy and dark matter both as exotic vacua with w, the ratio of zero point quantum
pressure to zero point quantum energy density, predicted in coming space experiments
like SNAP to be exactly –1. There is no such thing as “the classical spacetime world”
whose Einstein metric needs to be “quantized” in the orthodox top down manner of
changing Poisson brackets to commutators of Hermitian matrices over a complex Hilbert
space. Our macroscopic spacetime world is simply the “FM” signal of a local macro-
quantum vacuum coherent Goldstone phase field of a virtual electron-positron vacuum
condensate, with locally variable exotic vacua of both negative quantum zero point
pressure (repulsive “dark energy”) and positive zero point pressure (attractive “dark
matter”) that is the “AM” signal of the Higgs amplitude of that same vacuum condensate.
0 |e x e x | 0 | Higgs x |eiGoldstonePhase x
The same dark matter that keeps galaxies stable on a large scale also keeps, on the small
scale, the electron stable preventing the explosion of its self-electric charge.3
1 1714 Stockton Street, Suite 100, San Francisco, CA 94133, 415 981 6602 2 Dick Bierman‟s historic measurement of presponse signal nonlocality in conscious matter violating all
micro-quantum explanations of mind. This experiment ranks with Michelson-Morley, black body spectra,
Rutherford scattering of alpha rays on gold foil, photoelectric effect, atomic spectra, gravity bending of
light, Clauser-Aspect measurement of signal locality in simple dead matter, recent precision cosmology on
dark energy/matter as 96% of the stuff of the universe. See Appendix D below for details. 3 Synopsis of the paper: What is the universe made of?
I. Resolution with Tony Smith of the dark matter zpf 0as exotic vacuum w = -1 yet data suggest w ~
0? Obvious explanation as limited WIMP regions or "clumps" of zpf 0 exotic vacuum w = -1 floating
like icebergs in the zpf 0 equilibrium vacuum sea. From a distance via e.g. gravity lensing this would
look like non-relativistic Cold Dark Matter contributing ~ 0.23 to Omega = 1 for our spatially flat
expanding accelerating (from zpf 0) Hubble-horizoned universe sector visible in our past light cone.
The large scale WIMPS are a "piece of cake" to understand. They are simply naked zpf 0 "geons"
without any charge "icing on the cake". :-) Elementary particles also have these same dark matter cores at
small scale. That's why the electron which is an extended object ~ 1 fermi does not explode from its self-
2
Preface
John Archibald Wheeler, (age ~ 93) at the American Physical Society in Philadelphia,
April 2003 standing well and speaking:
“The Question is what is The Question?
Is it all a Magic Show?
Is Reality an Illusion?
What is the framework of The Machine?
Darwin‟s Puzzle: Natural Selection?
Where does Space-Time come from?
Is there any answer except that it comes from consciousness?
What is Out There?
T‟is Ourselves?
Or, is IT all just a Magic Show?
Einstein told me:
„If you would learn, teach!‟”4
charge. The electron looks like a point particle because of the extreme short-range micro-curvature. This all
requires the Bohm "hidden variable"- pilot wave interpretation. Wheeler's program for
"geometrodynamics" from the 1950's of "Mass without mass", "Charge without charge" and "Spin without
spin" now actually works!
What is consciousness?
II. More on the macro-quantum physics of consciousness. The local macro quantum "two-way" BIT <->
IT field <g|b(x)|g> is necessary, but not sufficient for an inner stream of consciousness to come into being
and becoming. b(x) is a collective boson field. |g> is the ground state of the collective boson field.
Subconscious processing are adiabatic changes of |g>. Conscious subjective qualia are quasi-particle
excitations above |g>. The decay times of these quasi-particles are our durations of conscious moments.
Also included is "conscious AI" application of nanotechnology for really intelligent androids.
III. More on "Ice 9" in "Destiny Matrix" and “Space-Time and Beyond II” http://www.1stbooks.com , i.e.
the danger of exotic vacuum energy weapons of mass destruction (WMD) including recent warnings from
Sir Martin Rees, FRS, British Astronomer Royal from Cambridge University. Andrei Sakharov also
worried about this years ago. This was probably the source of Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev's mention of
"fantastic new weapons". Gorbachev may have also alluded to that?
IV. More on taking Hal Puthoff's dream of "metric engineering" to the next level in "Making Star Trek
Real". You can see me lecturing on this in the new DVD Special Collector's Edition of Star Trek IV, The
Voyage Home from Paramount Pictures on Disc 2 "Time Travel: The Art of the Possible". Also earlier
show on Learning Discovery Channel "Ultra Science: Time Travel". See also http://stardrive.org/ 4 The published abstract to Wheeler‟s talk “Thoughts on the Origin of Spacetime” was: “The principle of
Mach and Einstein that inertia here arises from mass there will soon be tested by Gravity probe B. Does
that grand principle have anything to do with the nature of spacetime itself? We now describe the world in
terms of particles moving and interacting in spacetime, while spacetime expands (and may contract). But
what is the origin of spacetime? In what medium does spacetime itself live and move and have its being?
Is there any other answer than to say that consciousness brings all of creation into being, as surely as
spacetime and matter brought conscious life into being? Is all this great world that we see around us a
work of imagination?” See Prospero‟s Farewell in Shakespeare‟s “The Tempest”. Note that my theory of
the giant local macro-quantum vacuum wave 0 e x e x 0 does not completely answer Wheeler‟s
question. I assume the prior existence of globally flat unstable micro-quantum vacuum Minkowski
3
Quick Review of Recent Progress in Quantum Theory “It is ironic that during the same years that the elementary-particle physicists, at the
highest energy end of the spectrum, have been doing their best to discard as many as
possible of the properties of the quantum field operator,5 at the very lowest energy end of
the spectrum, in the two low temperature phenomena of superconductivity and
superfluidity, we have been provided with a series of very direct demonstrations which
seem to bring the quantum particle field almost into the ordinary, tangible, macroscopic
realm… the quantum particle field plays a role very similar to the roles, with which we
are familiar, of the classical fields, the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, in our
ordinary macroscopic experience. This has been shown by a series of experiments of
various kinds of coherence in quantum fluids.”
“Coherent Matter Field Phenomena in Superfluids”, P.W. Anderson
It has slowly begun to dawn on some of us Pundits, feeling the elephant blindfolded,
that Einstein was fundamentally correct in his famous debate with Niels Bohr that micro-
quantum theory is incomplete.6 The work of David Bohm and Basil Hiley7 has shown
that Bohr‟s “Copenhagen Interpretation” with “collapse of the wave function”, what John
Archibald Wheeler referred to as “The Smoky Dragon”,8 is not necessary. It merely
replaces one mystery by another. Wheeler characterizes micro-quantum theory in the
sense of Bohr as “IT FROM BIT”. The material world “IT” magically comes into being
and becoming from a really mystical “collapse”9 of “BIT” into “IT”. “BIT” is in
Heisenberg‟s Hegelian idealist words “potentia” that, through the sacred miracle of
“projection”, becomes “actua” or IT. Today, with speculations on quantum computing10,
spacetime of quantum field theory and string theory and then explain the emergence of local curved more
stable spacetime in a phase transition to a macro-quantum vacuum. One still, it appears barring a
spontaneously self-organizing bootstrap needing the flavor and color forces, may have to stick in an
additional “inflaton” vacuum field to get chaotic inflation because the latter requires a pre-existing curved
spacetime. The inflaton has to decay in the post-inflationary spacetime of our Level I Hubble horizon
limited universe as explained by Max Tegmark in “Parallel Universes”, Scientific American, May 2003. In
contrast, 0 e x e x 0 cannot decay because its stable Josephson phase variation is “classical curved
spacetime” g x for non-geodesic timelike LNIF observers who feel “weight” from spin 1 gauge
reaction forces. The formal ideas here are also similar to my original model for the emergence of conscious
minds from a local giant quantum pilot wave of sub-microtubule electron dots. This two-way non-
equilibrium open system has actually observed “presponse signal nonlocality” in violation of micro-
quantum physics, which is simply IT FROM BIT without BIT FROM IT. 5 Chew-Stapp bootstrap program of analytic S-Matrix. 6 “Quantum Dialogue: the making of a revolution” by Mara Beller, University of Chicago, 1999 7 “The Undivided Universe” Routledge, 1993, especially p. 30 and 14.6 for the next step beyond micro-
quantum theory to macro-quantum theory in which the quantum BIT field has “sources” from its “IT”
hidden variable. 8 “Quantum Theory and Measurement”, Wheeler & Zurek, (Princeton) also “Time Today” by John
Archibald Wheeler in “The Physical Origins of Time Asymmetry”, Halliwell, Perez-Mercader, W. H.
Zurek 9 And nonunitary in the sense of not being a self-adjoint evolution matrix with real eigenvalues in the
Hilbert space of quantum waves. 10 1995 Shor‟s quantum algorithm for factoring an integer into primes in polynomial time, 1993 Bennett‟s
“teleportation” of an unknown qubit (Feynman‟s “2 state system”) using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen
entangled pair state plus a classical c-bit signal, use of entanglement as a communication resource, e.g.
4
we know that “BIT” is not a Shannon “c-bit”, but is rather a strange weird surrealistic
“qubit” more like our dreams than waking reality.11 John Bell showed in 1964 that
orthodox micro-quantum theory, in any interpretation12 is not compatible with both
locality and objectivity. 13 Objectivity depends on the disturbingly metaphysical notion
of “counter-factual definiteness”, i.e. that something that might have happened, but did
not happen would be definite if it did happen.14 Murray Gell-Mann argues that “many
worlds” can be local15 because it does not obey counter-factual definiteness. In the
several variations of many worlds theory without collapse, everything that might happen
does actually happen in parallel universes one for each branch of the BIT wave. This
corresponds to “Level III” in Max Tegmark‟s idea16 of the “multiverse”17 of Super
Cosmos. There are ambiguities here that require the notion of “environmental
decoherence” in which macro-pointer states are super-selected as developed by W. Zurek
for example. All of these attempts try to preserve the micro-quantum Born probability
interpretation in which the probability density of several entangled objects in their
spacelike configuration space is the squared modulus of the complex numbered wave
function. This restriction to spacelike surfaces wreaks havoc when one tries to make a
global special relativistically covariant quantum measurement theory based on collapse in
which the choice of a spacelike slice of spacetime must not show up in the local laws of
physics.18 One can avoid these difficulties using advanced waves in what Costa De
“Quantum Entanglement: A Modern Perspective”, Terhai, Wolf & Doherty in “Physics Today”, April
2003, pp 46 – 52. 11 Classical bits are associated with Boolean sub-lattices of a non-Boolean partially ordered lattice of qubits
of binary propositions or “Yes-No questions” in “quantum logic”. The “weird” micro-quantum coherent
superposition principle comes from the non-Boolean structure of the lattice of questions put to Dame
Nature. 12 Copenhagen collapse, Feynman histories, DeBroglie-Bohm-Vigier, many worlds in several variations,
transactional, quantum logic, Aharonov-Vaidman “two state”, i.e. advanced “Destiny” and retarded
“History” state vectors collide in the present to make an event happen. See Fred Alan Wolf‟s book “Star
Wave”. 13 Contrary to propaganda from the “Copenhagen Gang” (Carver Mead‟s term in “Collective
Electrodynamics”), Bell‟s locality inequality and von Neumann‟s earlier “no hidden variables” theorem do
not shoot down Bohm‟s extension of DeBroglie‟s nonlocal “pilot wave” BIT field of “active information”
landscape in configuration space for entangled systems on the IT “system point of particles” (or classical
field configuration as the case may be). IT, the not so hidden variable, here is a test particle “that receives
its marching orders” (Wheeler) from BIT without any direct backaction of IT on BIT. Therefore, micro-
quantum theory is an approximation like special relativity is in relation to general relativity in which the Q-
BIT field has no sources. A useful summary of several important recent advances in quantum theory is
found in “Nonlocality in Quantum Physics” by Andrey Grib and Waldyr Rodrigues, Jr. Kluwer, 1999, 14 See Henry Stapp‟s “Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics” and Roger Penrose‟s “Shadows of the
Mind” on this as well as related issues in which no measurement is a measurement and the Vaidman-Elitzur
interferometer dud bomb detector. See also Bohm and Hiley on Renninger‟s experiment. 15 “The Quark and the Jaguar” Chapter 11 16 “Parallel Universes”, Scientific American, May 2003 pp 40-51. 17 “The Fabric of Reality” by David Deutsch 18 Bohm and Hiley argue that the nonlocal non-mechanical form-dependent quantum potential for particles
(or super potential for classical EM and gravity fields for example) is instantaneous in the preferred Hubble
flow frame of cosmology. The problem with that suggestion is that the Hubble frame is defined only in the
large scale ~ > 1024 meter limit where isotropy and homogeneity are assumed as simplifying symmetries for
the metric. Entire galaxies are mere points here. Therefore, this is a huge extrapolation to the fermi level
10-15 meters for example. Einstein‟s geometrodynamic local field equations are highly nonlinear and we
need to put smaller scale modulations on the large scale Hubble flow with nonlinear mixing effects that
5
Beauregard called the “Feynman-Zigzag” in a quantum extension of the Feynman-
Wheeler classical action at a distance electro-dynamics later adapted to cosmology by
Hoyle and Narlikar. For example, when protected against environmental decoherence
noise, EPR entanglement persists for measurements outside each other‟s light cones as
first shown by Alain Aspect in 1982 and later confirmed by many experiments. Indeed,
there are practical communication systems coming on line using this persistence of
nonlocal micro-quantum correlations over spacelike separations. One does not have
actual faster-than-light and/or precognitive teleological “presponse”19 because it always
takes a classical c-bit signal limited by the light cone to decode the encrypted entangled
qubit or “ebit”20 message. This is called “signal locality” consistent with local micro-
quantum true randomness in the reduced density matrices of entangled quantum systems
even in the simplest case when the latter is in a pure state.21 One can explain it as the
advanced Feynman destiny wave back from one of the future measurements to the source.
This advanced teleological influence of the future measurement on the past source
emission event determines the retarded history wave from source to the other spacelike
separated future measurement event. The entire trans-temporal process is a globally self-
consistent loop in time. There are also classical analogs to this in general relativity that
show that practical time travel to the past22 on closed free float timelike geodesic world
lines does not necessarily demand time travel paradoxes AKA “autocidal causal
anomalies”.23 This idea is incorporated into the Hoyle-Narlikar Feynman “influence
functional” for the possibly advanced future to present response of the universe as the
explanation of electromagnetic radiation reaction and its associated spin 1 virtual photon
zero point fluctuations. 24 The irreversible radiation reaction and the electromagnetic zero
point vacuum fluctuations are related by the near thermal equilibrium fluctuation
dissipation theorem. Indeed there is a kind of gauge freedom in how one orders the
seem to require an adaptive windowed “wavelet transform” to replace the rigid Fourier transforms of
quantum field theory propagators. We see here how the local macro-quantum vacuum theory explains why
Einstein‟s gravity theory must be a local c-number theory showing why Wheeler‟s remark “Physics is
simple when it is local” applies. 19 In the sense of mind-brain experiments by Ben Libet, Dean Radin and Dick Bierman. See Roger
Penrose‟s “The Emperor‟s New Mind” on the teleological Libet experiments, also http://www-
physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/presponse.txt 20 “entanglement bit” 21 See the already cited entanglement article in April 2003 “Physics Today” for details on how to distill,
concentrate or dilute, i.e. generally manipulate mixed entangled states for purposes of seemingly secure
untappable quantum cryptography. 22 By hypothetical “flying saucers” for example, in the gedankenexperimental sense of Kip Thorne‟s 1986
“traversable wormhole” paper in which an “advanced technological civilization” is imagined to amplify a
quantum gravity foam tiny wormhole into a large one held open by what we now, since Feb 11, 2003,
recognize as “dark energy” with negative zero point micro-quantum fluctuation pressure, i.e. an exotic
vacuum of negative weight with w = pressure/energy density = -1. The use of the term “negative matter”
by H. Bondi in the 50‟s and Y. Terletskii in the 60‟s is now replaced by “exotic vacuum with positive zero
point energy density and negative zero point pressure. For the history of “negative matter” see “Negative
Matter Propulsion” by the late R. L. Forward, J. Propulsion, 6, pp. 28 – 37, 1990, & “Negative Mass in
General Relativity”, Rev. Mod. Phys., 29, pp. 423-428, 1957 23 “The River of Time” by Igor Novikov, Cambridge, 1998, “Time Travel”, J. R. Gott, Houghton Mifflin,
2001 24 “Lectures on Cosmology and Action at a Distance Electrodynamics”, F. Hoyle & J.V. Narlikar , World
1996
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photon creation and destruction operators in quantum electrodynamics with the
corresponding electron operators as to how much radiation reaction and how much zero
point photon fluctuation one has in different pictures.25
Antony Valentini,26 a student of Dennis Sciama, clarified the situation a few years ago
in his Ph.D. dissertation based on the Bohm-Hiley pilot-wave (BIT) hidden variable (IT)
“ontological” interpretation of micro-quantum theory. Valentini shows in more detail
what Bohm and Hiley suggested earlier, that signal locality/Born probability
interpretation, i.e. the essential password or signature of micro-quantum theory is only a
sub-quantal thermal equilibrium limit, and that in general we can imagine situations in
which this sub-quantal equilibrium is prevented in an open pumped system. The
resulting breakdown of the Born probability interpretation then allows “signal
nonlocality” that Einstein considered “spooky” and “telepathic”. Another way of saying
this same thing is that equilibrium orthodox nonlocal micro-quantum theory with signal
locality is the IT test particle approximation of one-way IT FROM BIT. In contrast, a
more general non-equilibrium, post-quantum theory does not have an IT test particle
“hidden variable” or “system point”, but is, rather, a two-way spontaneously self-
organizing IT FROM BIT + BIT FROM IT theory in which BIT has IT as a source.27
Enter now P.W. Anderson‟s “More is different”28 general theory of the bottom up
emergence of collective new order from the spontaneous breaking of micro-quantum
ground state symmetry in a phase transition to a macro-quantum ground state with an
effective field theory. In particular the linear unitary nonlocal Schrodinger equation for
micro-quantum BIT waves in large configuration space is replaced by a covariant local 29nonlinear nonunitary effective field BIT FROM IT Landau-Ginzburg equation with an
effective potential V x for the macro-quantum order parameter30 x 31 that is a
power series in its modulus x .
25 “The Quantum Vacuum”, Peter Milonni. 26 http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/valentini.html
http://www.fourmilab.ch/rpkp/valentini.html
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0203049 27 Think of general relativity in the toy model in which a test particle like the Earth moves in a rigid given
landscape of the curvature field of the source Sun. The test particle moves freely in a groove like the ball
in the roulette table in a Las Vegas Casino. This groove that is a precessing elliptical orbit in 3D space is a
timelike geodesic in 4D curved spacetime. What would happen if the test particle is also a source of its
own motion? Then the problem in general relativity is much harder to solve. This would correspond, for
example, to our gedankexperimental “flying saucers” with self-controlled timelike geodesic weightless
Bondi-Terletskii-Alcubierre warp drives from “vacuum propellers” made from w = -1 configurations of
exotic vacuum dark energy of negative zero point quantum pressure and dark matter of positive zero point
pressure as in “Negative Matter Propulsion”, R. L. Forward, J. Propulsion, 6, pp. 28 – 37 (1990).
Similarly, in post-quantum theory, the not so hidden variable IT is a system point moving on its BIT
landscape, but it is so “heavy” since it must be a local macro-quantum object that it modifies its own BIT
landscape in a spontaneously self-organized globally consistent bootstrap. 28 “A Career in Theoretical Physics”, P.W. Anderson (World Scientific) 29 This explains why the macro world is local. There is no such thing as a local classical world. We live in
a local macro-quantum world! Quantum measurement theory asks the wrong question of trying to get a
single world from a linear unitary theory. There may be something fundamentally wrong with
“decoherence” theories, but I am not certain about that at this stage. This also bears on the Hawking-
Susskind debate on the loss of information down a black hole - Is it real or illusory? 30 Over the complex numbers.
7
D iTa Aa xV x
x0 (1.1)
This equation is both space-time and gauge-force covariant. “Generalized phase
rigidity is enforced by the gradient terms. If the spin 1 gauge force “internal” Lie group
G with matrix charges T a 32 is non-Abelian33, as in the standard model G =
U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3), then the Diff(4) scalar order parameter x is a column vector in
the internal symmetry space. The operator D is both curved spacetime Diff(4) covariant
as well as internal gauge force G covariant. The second term on the LHS of (1.1) is a
functional derivative. The Landau-Ginzburg semi-phenomenology is based upon
V x an
n 0
N
x2n
(1.2)
This micro macro quantum ground state phase transition is generally non-
perturbative! A good example, is the BCS theory of the ordinary low-temperature
thermal equilibrium superconductor in which the micro-quantum Fermi sphere of real
electrons collapses to form a Bose-Einstein condensate of huge numbers of bound34 on-
mass-shell electron-electron pairs all in the same center of mass single-particle quantum
wave packet. What is happening here is a two-way fusion of IT with BIT to form a local
giant coherent ground state quantum wave that in some ways is like a classical wave, but
in other ways is different. There is no operational meaning to Born‟s probability density
here for this giant quantum “superfluid” wave. Furthermore, this phase transition is from
a larger volume of phase space to a smaller volume hence, since the quantum entropy is
still the log of the phase space volume, there is a relative lowering of entropy in the
ground state phase transition. 35 It is this lowering of entropy that permits the emergence
of new collective orders of organization of matter and energy. However, there is still a
surviving residue of random micro-quantum ground state fluctuations mixed with thermal
31 The macro-quantum order parameter is the new ground state | g expectation value
x g | ˆ b x | g of some initial micro-quantum second quantized local boson field destruction
operator ˆ b x . “Spontaneous broken symmetry” always has such a non-vanishing ground state expectation
value that is physically a giant or “macro” local quantum wave field that is in some respects like a classical
wave field except that it is the fusion of a huge number of material IT particles sharing the same local BIT
field. 32 The generating Lie algebra of the charges is Ta,Tb Cab
c Tc . 33 Yang-Mills Salam-Glashow-Weinberg weak force SU(2) + QCD strong force SU(3) in addition to
electromagnetic force U(1). 34 Only when the virtual phonon exchange between two electrons within the Debye width near the Fermi
surface is attractive and stronger than the Coulomb repulsion from the competing exchange of a virtual
photon in the dominant Feynman perturbation theory diagram. The actual ground state breaking of
symmetry is a non-perturbative infinite sum of a certain class of Feynman diagrams with exchanges of
many virtual photons and phonons. 35 In the case of the vacuum instability the drop in entropy synchronizes the thermodynamic arrow of time
of the Second Law of Thermodynamics with the expansion of the 3D space of our Hubble bounded
universe.
8
fluctuations that appears as “normal fluid” in two fluid models in thermodynamic
equilibrium at finite temperature. Even when we go close to the ground state at thermal
equilibrium absolute zero, there are still micro-quantum ground state zero point
fluctuations that are needed to enforce the generalized phase rigidity or long-range
coherent stability of the macro-quantum ground state |g> with new collective emergent
order. For example, in the BCS superconductor ground state of bound electron-electron
pairs with the Gorkov local macro-quantum coherent complex number order parameter at
local spacetime event x, i.e. g |e x e x | g there are ground state zero point
fluctuations of broken electron pairs in the positive ionic crystal background. It is the
continual ebb and flow of the making and breaking of electron pairs from the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle into and out of the ODLRO36 superfluid ground state condensate37
that provides the uncertainty in the generic Higgs amplitude g | e x e x | g to
maintain the long range macroscopic phase coherence in its canonically conjugate or
complementary generic Goldstone phase arg g |e x e x | g . That is, the basic
underlying micro-quantum equation here is the non-vanishing commutator between the
boson number operator ˆ N and its conjugate phase operator ˆ first noted by Dirac with its
corollary
ˆ N x ˆ N x' , ˆ x ˆ x' 0 (1.3)
where
g | ˆ N x | g g |e x *e x * | g g |e x e x | g (1.4)
g | ˆ x | g arg g |e x e x | g (1.5)
This shows how a definite metastable macro-quantum phase difference between two
separated spacetime events x and x‟, even across a spacelike separation, is does not
contradict any micro-quantum laws. I use the term “ground state” for systems of real
particles of ordinary “stuff” on-mass-shell. There are excited states above the ground
state. I use “vacuum state” for systems of virtual particles off the mass shell. This is
especially important below for Wheeler‟s question:
Where does Space-Time come from?
36 “Off-Diagonal-Long-Range-Order” factorization of reduced quantum density matrices or correlation
functions corresponding to “macroscopic eigenvalues” of Oliver Penrose. 37 These ground state expectation values of second quantized boson field creation and destruction operators
correspond to Glauber coherent states and their generalizations to squeezed states in quantum optics. The
ground state of a quantum harmonic oscillator is a circularly symmetric Gaussian peak centered at p = q = 0
for the quantum Wigner phase space density. Think of the p-q plane as a complex z-plane with p ~ Imz and
q ~ Rez. The macro-quantum coherent Glauber state is simply this same circular Gaussian peak displaced
by an arrow z in the complex plane where |z|2 = N Higgs field density and the orientation of the arrow is the
macro-quantum Goldstone phase expectation value. A squeezed state is a squashed peak in the Wigner
phase space density that is no longer circular, but is elliptical squashed along one quadrature. This
technique is used in gravity wave detectors.
9
And his speculation
Is there any answer except that it comes from consciousness?
My answer to part of Wheeler‟s question is that the c-number curved spacetime local
geometrodynamic field g x is simply the modulation or “FM” of the local macro-
quantum Goldstone phase field arg 0 |e x e x | 0 of a vacuum condensate of bound
virtual electron-positron pairs. These virtual electron-positron pairs condense within the
thin Heisenberg uncertainty fuzzy edge of the Dirac negative energy virtual electron sea.
The edge of the Dirac vacuum sea has zero Fermi energy E f 0 with huge off-mass-
shell Fermi momentum p f Lp , Lp
2 G c3 ~ 10 66cm2 . The center of the Fermi
sphere in momentum space has huge negative energy E c Lp ~ 1019Gev with small
momentum p ~ H c where the Hubble cosmological parameter is H Ý R R in terms of
the FRW metric scaling parameter R. Note that if a single species of stuff characterized
by an equation of state in which w p c2for the dimensionless ratio of pressure to
energy density dominates the cosmological dynamics, then Einstein‟s geometrodynamic
field equation for the large scale structure of the visible universe part of Super Cosmos
that we can see with electromagnetic radiation signals that is pumped by this w-species of
stuff is
Ý Ý R
R
4
3G 1 3w (2.1)
The w = -1 exotic vacuum dark energy, of negative micro-quantum zero point
pressure, that universally repels causing the large scale structure of the spatially flat
universe to accelerate in its expansion rather than decelerate is simply the modulation or
“AM” of the Higgs amplitude, with Type Ia supernovae, NASA WMAP et-al
measurements all pointing to zpf 0 0.73 0.04 plus the gravitating dark matter exotic
vacuum of positive zero point pressure also with w = -1 in contrast to WIMPS38with w ~
0 with large scale zpf 0 0.23 0.04 and the ordinary matter of atoms only the top of
the material iceberg with M 0.04 so that on the large scale > 1024 meters
zpf 0 zpf 0 M 1 (2.2)
for a spatially flat expanding accelerating visible universe 13.7 0.2 billion years old39
from the Big Bang that is, based on a host of independent measurements of modern
38 Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on-mass-shell moving slowly with v/c << 1. 39 For this and other measured numbers of experimental precision cosmology today see “WMAP Spacecraft
Maps the Entire Cosmic Microwave Sky With Unprecedented Precision” by Bertram Schwarzschild in
April 2003 “Physics Today” pp. 21-24 and “Supernovae, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Universe” by
Saul Permutter in the same issue pp. 53 – 60.
10
precision cosmology consistent with chaotic inflationary models of the parallel worlds of
Super Cosmos.
Therefore, in fact we have
Ý Ý R
R
4
3G c 2
zpf 0 zpf 0 M
4
3G c 2 0.73 0.23 0.04 0.96
4
3G c
(2.3)
This gives an acceleration of our universe of the order of 10-12 g in our present epoch 13.7 0.2 billion years after inflation stopped with R(t) expanding by 22 powers of 10 in
the first 10-35 seconds of the micro macro-quantum vacuum phase transition. The
virtual electron-positron vacuum polarization zero point fluctuations cohered and stayed
cohered. The decaying “inflaton” is probably from vacuum polarization fluctuations in
the strong and weak forces that cohered but then decayed, but I am not yet sure of that.
Of course we cannot locally detect that 10-12 g directly with strain gauges like a g-force.
It is in the scale factor R(t) and is detected experimentally as explained in detail in the
April 2003 Physics Today in 3 excellent pedagogical articles by Turner, Schwarzschild
and Perlmutter.
Note as this paper goes to press
On Monday, April 28, 2003, at 02:08 AM, Tony Smith wrote:
Jack, you say
"... dark matter and dark energy are made of the same stuff .... exotic vacuum with w =
pressure/energy density = -1. ...".
However, Max Tegmark in his paper at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0207199 says
(where rho is density):
"... Specifically,
rho is proportional to (1+z)4 for the cosmic microwave background CMB) [ radiation ],
rho is proportional to (1+z)3 for baryons and cold dark matter,
rho is proportional to (1+z)2 for spatial curvature,
rho is proportional to (1+z)0 for a cosmological constant
and rho is proportional to (1+z)3(1+w) for dark energy with a constant equation of state w.
A gif copy of his figure 2 is attached, and it clearly shows that cosmological data is
consistent with rho proportional to (1+z)3 for baryons and cold dark matter”
Right, but I think that only refers to the 0.04 part of total Omega = 1 for our spatially
flat universe. Indeed, this was what I was asking Michael Turner about at Austin APS.
11
That "cold dark matter" IS real on mass shell particles with w ~ 0, but that is only ~ 0.03
of the total 1. I am talking about w for the 0.23 part as being -1.
“and that dark matter does NOT follow rho proportional to (1+z)0 (constant) that would
follow if dark matter had equation of state w = -1.”
Again I suspect, what you say here applies at best only to the 0.03 part not the 0.23 part.
There are at least two uses of "dark matter" here.
“I think that Max Tegmark's value of w = 0 for Cold Dark Matter is conventional, and is
assumed in almost all conventional papers on cosmology (including the most recent) even
if it is not explicitly stated.”
Right.
“Can your model be modified so that w = 0 for Cold Dark Matter, as well as for
Ordinary Matter?”
No. I should not use "cold" for the 0.23 part. It is confusing in the literature. Let's
just use "cold" for real particles where "cold means" v/c << 1. I am saying that the
attractive 0.23 part of Omega = 1 must have w = -1 because it is simply exotic vacuum
region with zpf x 0 with positive zero point energy pressure and negative zero point
energy density. I think the galactic halos are huge spheres of exotic vacuum zpf x 0
keeping the galaxies stable. Also the anomalous quasar redshifts of Arp & Co come from
zpf x 0 . I also show below that elementary particles, as IT Bohm hidden variables,
must have zpf x 0 cores as in Appendix B below. That is why the electron does not
explode from its self-Coulomb repulsive energy! I think Feynman first tried to solve this
Poincare-Abraham-Becker-Lorentz "stress" problem and of course could not back in the
late 1930's. I claim to have solved it now. Johnny Glogower and I also tried to solve it
back in 1954-56 in the Walter Breen Super Kids Project at Columbia University in
Professor William Sheldon's Lab and we could not. BTW Lloyd Motz, Professor of
Astronomy and Physics at Columbia, was associated with that. I had almost forgotten.
On Monday, April 28, 2003, at 12:21 PM, Tony Smith wrote:
“Jack, I think that Tegmark's statement
".. rho proportional to (1+z)3 for baryons and cold dark matter ..."
refers to ALL kinds of Dark Matter that are consistent with the WMAP results.
Hmmm? I certainly agree it would apply to on mass shell WIMPS.
“The words "cold" and "hot" refer to "massive, slow-moving matter" and "massless (or
low-mass) fast matter" respectively. The WMAP results ruled out "hot" dark matter
12
(usually thought of as neutrinos), and are ONLY consistent with "cold" dark matter IF
our Universe evolves according to General Relativity. You can see that by the asymptote
of the (1+z)3 line matching the cosmological data closely in the Tegmark figure I
attached in my preceding message. If a lot (any substantial part of the 23%) of the Dark
Matter did NOT evolve as (1+z)3 (i.e., as w = 0) then expansion of our Universe
according to the laws of General Relativity would be inconsistent with WMAP and other
CMB data.”
If what you say is so then that would falsify my idea on dark matter as w = -1 for the
attractive part of Omega = 1 that is ~ 0.23. However, we need to be careful here and not
jump to any premature conclusions either way. I will study the Tegmark paper in detail
but it will take time. The dark matter as exotic vacuum zpf x 0 with w = -1 itself of
course does not radiate, but will redshift signals from ordinary radiating matter with w ~
0 that is immersed in the exotic vacuum. What these data points seem to be are signals
from ordinary radiating matter? If that is so, I don't see that this plot gives us any direct
w measurement of the dark matter itself? But I could be wrong. I need to study this.
Then some clarification came with:
From: Jack Sarfatti <[email protected]>
Date: Sun May 4, 2003 8:34:50 PM US/Pacific
To: Jack Sarfatti <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: vanilla without sprinkles PS
On Sunday, May 4, 2003, at 09:00 AM, Tony Smith wrote:
“Jack, you say: „... You mean them floating around in the outer zpf 0 non-exotic
vacuum ...?‟ Yes. I mean Primordial Black Holes (as zpf 0 or what is conventionally
called Cold Dark Matter) floating around like scoops of vanilla ice cream without the
chocolate sprinkles that make them leptons and quarks. (Some people don't like
chocolate sprinkles, even though I do.)”
Yes, that is what I mean.
“Since the total amount of zpf 0 Ordinary Matter is now only 4%, and since the total
amount of zpf 0 Dark Matter is now 23%, most of the zpf 0 is without chocolate
sprinkles, and what I mean is that some of it might be floating around as little black
holes, sort of in particle form, while some of it (maybe most) might be in a wave form
with no definite location (which is what I think that you describe as non-equilibrium
gravitating exotic zpf 0, and may be similar to what I see as conformal MOND Dark
Matter).”
OK, yes that is exactly my picture.
“That brings up some points on which I am somewhat confused: Are there 3 different
13
vacua? That is:
1 - a Born Rule equilibrium Ordinary Matter vacuum zpf 0”
Yes
“2 - a non-Born Rule non-equilibrium Dark Energy vacuum zpf 0”
Yes
“3 - a non-Born Rule non-equilibrium Dark Matter vacuum zpf 0”
Yes
“What are the relative energies of each of them?”
They are different regions of the same unified local zpf x field - on different scales
(Fourier transform, or in general a Wigner density and even a wavelet version of the
Wigner density). zpf x is a continuous variable with local net residual zero point
vacuum stress-energy density tensor from all quantum fields
t xzpfvac
c 4
8 Gzpf x g x (2.4)
“Which energy differences do you use to get energy by a Josephson Junction
process?
For instance, do you use a (1) Ordinary Matter superconductor to regulate the
energy difference between zpf 0 Dark Energy and zpf 0 Dark Matter?”
That's the general idea using a really high Tc smart40 nano-engineered superconductor.
See Appendix C below. You use magnetic flux et-al phase modulation to create exotic
vacuum dark energy and dark matter separated regions in the initial zpf 0 non-exotic
vacuum. There are clearly such energy density differences if the different regions are
there already in Nature as there are on large scale. I am talking about metric engineering
such differences on the small scale.
On the issue of scale
Quantum field theory uses Fourier transforms for propagators. This is not really a
good idea especially in doing spin 1/2-spin 1 quantum field theory on a c-number curved
spacetime background. At the very least one should use the Wigner phase-space
density41 trick where a c-number field Psi(x) is replaced by a Wigner phase space density
40 Possibly with conscious AI capability, e.g. Colonel Phillip J. Corso‟s “The Day After Roswell”. 41 http://www.uni-konstanz.de/quantum-optics/quantech/tutorial.html , also sub-Planck structure in phase
space http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/ journal/v412/n6848/full/412712a0_r.html
14
W(x,p). Wigner's trick is based on Fourier transforms and needs to be generalized to
"wavelet transforms"42 where "momentum" p is replaced by a "scale" s. In particular we
are interested in the different scale behaviors of the c-number net residual zero point
stress-energy density tensor field as the wavelet transform
˜ t x,szpfvac
c 4
8 G˜
zpf x,s ˜ g x,s (2.5)
at scale s. The spacetime “point” x is coarse grained as well depending on s. For
example, in cosmology entire galaxies count as "points" (hence coins glued on expanding
rubber sheet analogy) for the FRW metric assumed in NASA WMAP and UCB Type Ia
supenovae data analysis yielding
(attractive dark matter exotic vacuum zpf 0) ~ 0.23 +- 0.04
(repulsive dark energy exotic vacuum zpf 0) ~ 0.73 +- 0.04
(stars and planets in normal vacuum zpf 0) ~ 0.01
(gas clouds zpf 0) ~ 0.03
This is all for s > ~ 1024 meters. I also take s ~ 1 fermi ~ 10-15 meters - a jump of 39
powers of ten and get interesting results agreeing with real data. Einstein's
geometrodynamics is a good theory when strong short range zero point fluctuation
induced effective gravity is added as I have done completing in essence what Wheeler
started in the 1950's in his book "Geometrodynamics". Why is the electron stable?
zpf 0 for the inside core of electron. That's why.
Tony made explicit a good point that clumps of zpf 0 floating in zpf 0 vacuum
will look like w ~ 0 stuff even though their interior structure is w ~ -1. I had that in mind,
but I did not articulate it strongly enough.
Macro-Quantum Physics The basic macro-quantum physics of superfluids is that we have some micro-quantum
boson field43 destruction operator and a ground state with a non-vanishing ground state
expectation value that is a giant quantum wave field that is local in ordinary spacetime.
http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0201118 42 http://www.mathworks.com/support/books/book1528.jsp?category=11
http://www.aip.org/enews/physnews/1990/split/pnu013-5.htm 43 The boson excitation quanta have rest mass m. We are doing non-relativistic many body quantum field
theory here with Galilean relativity since v/c << 1.
15
x g | ˆ b x | g (3.1)
“Physics is simple when it is local.” (Wheeler), the 3-vector velocity field of this
macro-quantum liquid, forgetting, for simplicity for now, about possible covariant
minimal couplings to gauge force fields if the superfluid carries some kind of generalized
charge, is the quantum hydrodynamic IT FROM BIT equation44
v s x
m
arg x (3.2)
This giant wave function must be single-valued around closed loops, including closed
loops in possible control parameter spaces for topological Berry phases in addition to
closed dynamical loops in ordinary space (and possibly time). This leads to “quantization
of generalized fluxes” that become non-trivial with charged superfluids. In the above
simple case we have vortex lines of quantized circulation
v s d
l
marg x arg x
n2n
m
n 0, 1, 2,...
(3.3)
We can do the same thing in 4D spacetime using Hagen Kleinert‟s45 “elastic world
crystal lattice” formulation of general relativity in which the perfect world crystal lattice
with unit cells at the Planck scale Lp and no topological defect string vortex lines
corresponds to globally flat spacetime with zero curvature in all components not only
space curvature. Kleinert shows that Einstein‟s curvature corresponds to a stringy
disclination defect density in the long wave IR limit of the elastic world crystal distortion.
Torsion, which is not in Einstein‟s 1915 theory, would correspond to a stringy
disclination defect density. Einstein‟s local principle of equvalence leads to a local tetrad
map of Local Inertial Frame (LIF) free float timelike geodesic observers coincident with
Local Non-Inertial Frame (LNIF) observers on timelike non-geodesic world line. These
two world lines one geodesic, the other non-geodesic intersect at the same event x. The
LNIF observer can rotate about a fixed center of mass. The timelike geodesic connecting
two events x and x‟ is the extremum of maximal proper time relative to all neighboring
timelike world lines passing through the same x and x‟ in the sense of the calculus of
variations behind the dynamical action principle. The LIF physics is “flat” to the extent
that measurements are made over scales small compared to the local radii of curvature.
In the case of our Earth this is not a problem because our local radius of curvature from
the Earth itself at its surface is ~ 93 million miles or ~ 1013 cm same as mean distance of
44 This same equation in the micro-quantum physics of a single particle, or even a many-particle
system point in configuration space, is the de Broglie-Bohm guidance condition in which the IT particle
gets its marching orders, or surfs, its BIT pilot wave of active non-classical information without IT directly
acting back on its own BIT pilot wave. That is IT FROM BIT without BIT FROM IT. BIT has no internal
IT sources. IT is a test particle relative to its BIT. This suffices for signal locality consistent with Born‟s
probability interpretation that is sub-quantal equilibrium or “sub-quantal heat death” in Valentini‟s terms. 45 http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/
16
Earth to the Sun. That is a meaningless coincidence I think. The important idea here is
that the effective local metric for LIF observers who are weightless in free float is the
Minkowski metric . In contrast only a LNIF observer measures the curved spacetime
local metric g x . Different locally coincident LNIF observers relate their experiences
by the local tensor transformations of the symmetry group Diff(4).46 The LNIF observer
always feels “weight” or “g-force”. The only reason LNIF observers are possible
because there are non-gravity gauge forces that force charged test particles off force-
free47 timelike geodesics. This immediately suggests Andrei Sakharov‟s 1967 idea that
Einstein‟s gravity is an emergent collective mode from a substratum of spin 1 gauge
forces with spin 1/2 gauge force sources. That is, it is impossible to have LNIF observers
unless we have spin 1 gauge forces. LNIF observers measure “weight” only because of
electrical reaction forces combined with macro-quantum phase rigidity. On the other
hand, two neighboring timelike geodesic observers can measure the local curvature
tensor, which is not zero even in the LIF. However, they still need gauge forces for their
instruments. Imagine a closed loop in the LIF that maps to a world line in the LNIF. If
there is torsion, the world line in the LNIF will not close! It will be a world line with two
ends! This is called a torsion gap! This reminds us of string theory in which gauge force
bosons are open strings and gravitons are closed strings. Therefore, something like a
torsion field in string theory converts spin 2 gravitons to pairs of spin 1 gauge force
bosons and vice versa by cutting and gluing the strings.
We can, therefore, now imagine a 4D local elastic-plastic world crystal distortion
field is the geometrodynamic IT FROM BIT equation:
x Lp
2
xarg 0 |e x e x | 0 (4.1)
where the world hologram quantized geometrodynamic flux Bekenstein bit Lp
2 for the
elastic-plastic 4D crystal replaces the quantized circulation m of the macro-quantum
liquid. Einstein‟s c-number metric tensor field measured by timelike non-geodesic LNIF
observers is then the symmetric elastic-plastic strain tensor
g x1
2
x
x
x
x (4.2)
Einstein‟s local principle of equivalence is then the tetrad map
46 Diff(4) comes from the principle of minimal coupling locally gauging the 4-parameter translation
subgroup T(4) of the 10 parameter Poincare symmetry group for globally flat spacetime. Curvature is the
local compensating field in the sense of Yang-Mills. If one locally gauges the remaining 6 parameter
Lorentz subgroup O(1,3), which Einstein did not do in 1915, one gets torsion fields as the local
compensating field. This means we now have a larger symmetry group than Diff(4)xO(1,3) 47 In Newton‟s gravity theory, gravity is a force, not so in Einstein‟s theory where gravity force is
eliminated in favor of geometry or the geometrodynamic field. Unified force theory tries to do the same
geometry trick for the gauge forces by going to extra space dimensions.
17
ea x eb x g x ab
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
(4.3)
ea x eb xx
x
x
x0 (4.4)
In fact the local tetrad components48 are orthogonal to the local world crystal
distortion field components.
ea x x ea x x 0 (4.5)
Torsion49 corresponds to anholonomic Goldstone phase singularities50 in which the
antisymmetric tensor does not vanish.
x
x
x
x0 (4.6)
The Christoffel symbols x for torsion-free parallel transport of tensor fields
along world lines are then introduced in the standard way. Given local Diff(4) general
coordinate transformations between two coincident LNIF observers at the same
spacetime point event x
x ' x x ' x x (4.7)
g ' ' xx ' x
x
x ' x
xg x (4.8)
In this way it becomes obvious how c-number Einstein‟s local gravity LNIF field is a
“More is different” macro-quantum emergent ripple in the stable long range coherent
Goldstone phase field from the spontaneous breaking of U(1) gauge symmetry in the
intrinsically unstable electron vacuum. The zero point vacuum polarization fluctuations
cohere into g |e x e x | g .
48 Latin indices are in the flat geodesic LIF tangent vector fiber. Greek indices are in the curved non-
geodesic LNIF base space of the world bundle.
49 Gennady Shipov who visited us at ISSO 1999-2000 has attempted a microscopic geometrodynamic
theory of elementary particles using torsion. I do not understand however, among several of his allegations
including the “inertoid” propulsion, how he gets strong short range gravity lowering the string tension from
1019Gev per 10-33 cm to 1 Gev per fermi needed for the hadronic resonance Regge trajectories. 50 In general there are Bohm-Aharonov-Josephson gauge force covariant minimal “weak link” couplings
that I neglect here for first introduction, but they are essential for practical metric engineering bypassing the
huge spacetime stiffness barrier G/c4 ~10-33 cm bending per applied 1019 Gev or “1 fermi per 4 billion
metric tons” equivalent (Feynman‟s “Lectures on Gravitation”).
18
Using the “two fluid” phenomenology of macro-quantum theory assuming a total
number density of Lp
3 , with the residual locally random noise micro-quantum zero-point
fluctuations of all fields as
zpf x1
Lp
21 Lp
3 0 | e x e x | 02
(5.1)
The non-exotic equilibrium vacuum51 has no weight, i.e. zpf x 0 . The repulsive
exotic dark energy vacuum has low condensate density negative weight (negative zero
point pressure) with zpf x 0 . The attractive exotic dark matter vacuum has high
condensate density positive weight (positive zero point pressure) with zpf x 0 . The
local net residual zero point vacuum stress-energy density tensor field is
t xzpf
c 4
8 Gzpf x g x (5.2)
Where for w = -1 zero point micro-quantum fluctuations positive energy density with
negative quantum pressure is anti-gravity. Note that c4/G is a string tension. Adding
extra space dimensions in brane theory can make G much bigger than Newton‟s lowering
the string tension by many powers of 10 on short scales. A similar effect is found in
Lenny Susskind‟s “world hologram” theory where 2D space is more fundamental than
3D space. The effective Planck scale lowering the string tension at scale L in that case is
Lp* = Lp2/3L1/3, which curiously enough gives Lp* ~ 1 fermi = 10-13 cm when L ~ c/H =
1028 cm.
Einstein‟s local c-number geometrodynamic field equation from the macro-quantum
vacuum virtual electron-positron paired condensate is generally
R x1
2Rg x zpf x g x
8 G
c4T x (5.3)
The covariant divergence for local stress-energy density current conservation
assuming metricity52 is then
R x;v 1
2R, g x zpf x
,g x
8 G
c4T x
; (5.4)
where the semi-colon “;” denotes a covariant partial derivative and the comma “,”
denotes an ordinary partial derivative. We can no longer assume the consequence of the
Bianchi identities that
51 G.E. Volovik “The Universe in a Helium Droplet” 52 i.e., covariant derivative of the metric tensor vanishes
19
R x;v 1
2R, g x 0 (5.5)
That is, the exotic macro-quantum vacuum with a variable zero point energy density
acts, in some respects at least, like a classical torsion field. One consequence are two of
the three or so basic equations of practical vacuum metric engineering of star gates and
warp drives since we can, for all practical purposes, neglect the brute force RHS of eq
(5.4)53 to get
R x1
2Rg x zpf x g x 0 (5.6)
R x;v 1
2R, g x zpf x
,g x 0 (5.7)
The local macro-quantum effective field BIT FROM IT Diff(4) covariant Landau-
Ginzburg equation54 with a Mexican Hat potential for spontaneous symmetry breaking
like in the Goldstone theorem toy models is giving a non-vanishing vacuum expectation
value, i.e. 0 |e x e x | 0 0 55
0 | e x e x | 0 ;
; M 2 0 | e x e x | 0
0 | e x e x | 02
0 | e x e x | 0 0
M 2 0, 0
(5.8)
The key trick of metric engineering is to set up a Josephson weak link between a real
superconductor with local order parameter g |e x e x | g and the vacuum order
parameter 0 |e x e x | 0 . Ray Chiao from UCB has a somewhat similar idea in his
“gravity radio”.56 The virtual off-mass-shell superconducting vacuum and the real on-
mass-shell superconductor beat together in the nonlinear term in the above BIT FROM IT
Landau-Ginzburg equation (5.8). Start from a non-exotic vacuum with zero weight and
use magnetic flux and Berry phase differences x to pump up dark energy and dark
matter regions. The key Josephson weak link interference term for the induced exotic
vacuum zero point energy density is
53 because of the large spacetime stiffness phase rigidity G/c4 ~ 1 fermi per 4 billion metric tons (Feynman)
= reciprocal string tension. 54 This same idea is used in inflationary cosmology. 55 The Goldstone theorem and the Jahn-Teller Effect, M. Stoneham & J. Sarfatti Proc. Phys. Soc. London
v. 91, p. 214, 1967, Physics Letters (1966-67 all by J. Sarfatti) v. 24A, n. 5 On the Nature of the Superfluid
Critical Velocity v. 24A, n. 7, A New Theory of the Superfluid Vortex Phenomena v. 25A, n. 9, Local
Gauge Invariance and Broken Symmetry in Superfluid Helium v. 30A, n. 5 Destruction of Superflow in
Unsaturated 4He Films and the Prediction of a New Crystalline Phase of 4He with Bose-Einstein
Condensation 56 http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00032353-36AB-1CDC-B4A8809EC588EEDF
20
zpf x Lp g |e x e x g2
Lp
3 2 g |e x e x g cos (x) (5.9)
zpf x Lp g |e x e x g2
1cos (x)
Lp
3 2 g |e x e x g (5.10)
We want
1
Lp
3 2 g | e x e x g1 (5.11)
for practical metric engineering so that we can easily change the sign of zpf x . Since
the Planck scale is so small, this is easy! Even if the Planck scale increases it‟s still easy.
For example in Susskind‟s “world hologram” the amped up Planck scale at the Hubble
scale is still only 1 fermi. My equations here suggest that metric engineering of the
macro-quantum vacuum may be relatively easy. After all we seem to see flying saucers
“go through the air with the greatest of ease like that daring young man on the flying
trapeze.”
On a more serious note we have the fears of both Andrei Sakharov and Martin Rees
on exotic vacuum weapons of mass destruction even if unintentional.
Micro Quantize Gravity?
• V. Ambegoakar: “Is it not a rather large extrapolation to apply quantum mechanics to
the universe as a whole? Is there some evidence that this is a justified or prudent
assumption?”
• P.W. Anderson: “No, there is no evidence. So far [1986] there is, in fact, a disturbing
absence of evidence … It is hard to know whether the phenomenon of inflation, is to be
considered as a confirmation or a further puzzle and … there is the strange question of
the cosmological constant.”
Feynman in his lectures on quantum gravity starts from a flat spacetime background
adding a spin 2 tensor field. He is able to derive Einstein‟s gravity only by summing an
infinity of a subset of his diagrams. This roughly corresponds to my micro macro
quantum vacuum phase transition. What one then gets is Feynman quantum field theory
on a “More is different” emergent c-number ODLRO curved spacetime background.
That is not Feynman‟s starting point
ˆ g x ˆ h x (5.12)
but rather
21
ˆ g x g xODLRO
ˆ h xnormal
(5.13)
The vanishing of the vacuum polarization coherence brings us back to the unstable
globally flat world crystal lattice with no stringy defects. Einstein‟s classical field is not
renormalizable and this is pretty good reason not to attempt a traditional top down
brute force quantization with “quantum foam”. 57 String theory of course has a different
point of view. Coming experiments to test for the existence of quantum gravity
granularity in spacetime will eventually decide the issue here. A useful review paper is
suggested in a note from Roger Coolidge58
“Have you seen Smolin's paper?
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0303185
This is a survey paper of the state of quantum gravity, focusing primarily on loop
quantum gravity and string theory. It's a 90 page monster with 17 pages of references. I
found the list of questions in section 2 extremely valuable in setting out the desiderata of
any candidate theory, allowing you to see, as he does in his table in section 8, just where
a given theory stands in coping with the puzzles as they are currently perceived. It might
be interesting to fill out the table for zpf and see how it compares.”
The Physics of Consciousness Von Neumann speculated that the surreal inverted Marxist mystical collapse of the
quantum state was associated with our inner sense of consciousness. Wigner took up this
idea and so did Henry Stapp and Roger Penrose and many others in the “quantum mind”
fad at the Tucson New Age Circuses. Basil Hiley said this is replacing one mystery with
another mystery. I agree with Basil that talking about “quantum mind” is asking the
wrong question entirely and is certainly not necessary. The BIT field is intrinsically
mental. The IT is intrinsically material. IT FROM BIT shows how mind moves matter.
BIT FROM IT shows how matter excites inner consciousness in the BIT mind field. This
latter step is in strong violation of micro-quantum theory. There is no such thing as a
conscious quantum mind. Experiments show that the human mind has presponse, which
demands signal nonlocality that violates micro-quantum theory. Furthermore, our minds
are clearly macro-quantum objects. The general macro-quantum theory with signal
nonlocality for open systems not in sub-quantum equilibrium outlined in this paper will
describe conscious matter. The collective boson field that forms a condensate may be the
pumped Frohlich electric dipole modes of the 1018 single electron nanometer quantum
57 G.E. Volovik in “The Universe in a Helium Droplet” (Oxford, 2003) presents a strong case against top
down attempts to quantize Einstein‟s classical Geometrodynamics because the latter is essentially a
collective emergent ODLRO Goldstone mode. Quantizing gravity is like quantizing classical elasticity
theory in an attempt to understand the micro-physics inside a unit cell of a crystal. 58 Kelvin at Fourmilab, Switzerland.
22
switches inside the hydrophobic cages inside the protein dimers first brought to popular
attention by Stewart Hameroff. It is too soon to be sure about that.59
On Thursday, May 1, 2003, at 01:13 PM, Dick J Bierman wrote in reponse to my remark:
IT FROM BIT + BIT FROM IT must be for conscious mind because, at the very least,
Dick Bierman sees "presponse".
“Hi Jack, I feel honoured that you keep mentioning my name but please note that this
presponse has been replicated by a number of researchers by now. So I am certainly not
the only one. In spite of these successful replications, I should stress that this is
experimental data and should be treated as such: That is there is still some non
negligible possibility that we made errors. But by having more and more (conceptual)
replications this possibility becomes smaller and smaller.”
I replied: Always the case. It's your job to be cautious - Bravo!:-) As a theorist I am not
so constrained. But "presponse" is only one very essential part of a Big Picture that is
beginning now to make a lot of sense since the discovery of dark matter and dark energy
especially since Feb 11, 2003 - a watershed date in the history of physics.
IMHO "presponse" is properly understood as "macro-quantum signal nonlocality" in
a g | ˆ b x | g IT <-> BIT condensate field, this BTW does not preclude an advanced
EM potential where ˆ b is some boson collective mode destruction operator like a Frohlich
electric dipole mode, and | g is the "ground state" of the mind field.
Professor Bierman added:
“In the meantime I was wondering whether our informal observation that there seems to
be a time symmetry between presponse and normal response can be accounted for by
your thinking.
Best, Dick”
That seems to be exactly what a "globally self-consistent loop in time" would
require? Note that the "loop" in Igor Novikov's "The River of Time" is actually
movement of matter around a closed timelike world line" on the purely IT level. What
you are seeing is analogous but with non-classical information transfer from signal
nonlocality in the unified macro-quantum IT <-> BIT condensate field not in sub-quantal
equilibrium.60
59 Saul-Paul Sirag has a formalism based on V.I. Arnold‟s A-D-E … theory of Rene Thom catastrophes that
may be useful in correlating the dynamics of the macro-quantum order parameter for the human mind as a
local complex number field in 3D space with subjective inner experiences. Fred A Wolf has a similar idea
but he uses micro-quantum waves and it is not clear what they correspond to physically since the mind is a
macro-quantum field, a point that almost all the “quantum mind” Pundits at the Tucson Conferences seem
to miss. 60 The macro-quantum field is necessary but not sufficient for conscious mind.
23
Remember my conclusions are entirely data driven:
1. Superfluid coherence
2. Regge trajectories of universal slope ~ (1Gev)-2 of hadronic resonances
3. Electrons do not explode from their electrical self energy (Poincare stresses, Abraham,
Lorentz)
4. Presponse mind-brain data (also PEAR61, SRI RV62)
5. Dark energy and dark matter as 96% of all the stuff of the universe especially since
WMAP and Type Ia supernovae data.
6. Finally, last but not least, the more controversial "flying saucer" data as distilled by
USG intelligence pros from NIDS63, French Military Cometa64, Rockefeller UFO
Report65 and a few other reliable sources after the large amount of New Age Cargo
Cult noise has been filtered out.
A Refutation of Micro-Quantum Mind
From: Jack Sarfatti <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 6, 2003 11:13:19 AM US/Pacific
To: "Danko Georgiev" <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Tegmark, Entanglement & Consciousness
Reply-To: [email protected]
Ordinary micro-quantum entanglement prohibits consciousness because it prohibits
the kind of "presponse" signal nonlocality observed in actual mind-brain experiments by
Bierman et-al. Non-physicists in "quantum mind" completely misunderstand what
micro-quantum entanglement technically means. Indeed, decoherence66 is entanglement
of the system to the environment. This is what we want to avoid via macro-quantum
"phase rigidity"! Tegmark67 correctly refuted Hameroff and Penrose on this point. Also,
one cannot use micro-quantum quantum superposition for nanoscale molecules only for
electrons inside the molecules e.g. the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in quantum
chemistry where the positions of nuclei are classical control parameters in the potential
energy of the electrons that form the chemical bonds of the molecule. The electrons obey
micro-quantum theory in that context. The large nuclei do not at that low energy ~ few
61 http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/ 62 http://www.biomindsuperpowers.com/Pages/CIA-InitiatedRV.html 63 http://www.nidsci.org/ 64 http://www.chez.com/lesovnis/htm/cometa.htm 65 http://www.v-j-enterprises.com/rockrept.html 66 http://www.decoherence.de/ 67 http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/
24
ev. You get interior quantum behavior of the nuclei only at much larger energy scale -
about a million times larger!
Case I: Make a toy model of the IT brain as a micro-quantum network with N nodes. The
lines connecting the N nodes are micro-quantum BIT entanglement links. This micro-
quantum network will not work as a communication network. That is, there will only be
local random noise at each node coming from all the other nodes! This is the implication
of micro-quantum nonlocal entanglement.
Case II: The local macro-quantum BIT condensate field g | ˆ b (x) | g 0 in the
adiabatically changing ground state |g>, where ˆ b x destroys a single collective mode
boson that is emergent from perhaps the 1018 nano-caged hydrophobic single electron
switches as N = 1018 in a post-quantum network. This is not at all an entangled state like
case I. The g | ˆ b x | g giant mental information combined BIT-IT local field has self
IT sources from the self-consistent field nonlinear "potential" terms not found in the
linear nonlocal Schrodinger equation! In addition, the conscious mind field
g | ˆ b x | g is coupled to the outer non-self environment via gauge force coupling in
the phase-rigidity gradient "kinetic" terms in its local nonlinear partial differential
Landau-Ginzburg equation for its evolution. The gauge forces couple g | ˆ b x | g to
the outer material environment and g | ˆ b x | g spontaneously self-organizes and at
least some of the adaptive changes68 in it are the internal subjective qualia of the stream
of consciousness. There is also a lot of unconscious processing happening. The nodes of
the non-equilibrium open macro-quantum network can communicate with each other
because of signal nonlocality in which the Born probability process breaks down. There
is no physical ensemble here like in a particle beam in a scattering experiment. "More is
different". There is no rational alternative to g | ˆ b x | g as the physical mind field
with presponse signal nonlocality (Penrose called it "teleology" in his discussion of the
Libet mind-brain data). Without it, one only has supernatural Cartesian dualism - a
retrograde step of devolution in the progress of human understanding of Super Cosmos.
All the talk of "collapse" of micro-quantum waves causing consciousness is basically
asking the wrong question IMHO even though John Von Neumann, Fritz London,
Eugene Wigner, John Wheeler, Henry Stapp and Roger Penrose have taken it seriously.
The local macro-quantum wave does not collapse. It is robust and stable with "phase
rigidity" hence the "hologram" properties of mind. When it does collapse, i.e. decay, that
is the death of the living mind! You see that happen in Alzheimer's disease for example.
"The Question is: What is The Question?" Wheeler, April 2003 APS Philadelphia
From: Jack Sarfatti <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 6, 2003 8:05:41 AM US/Pacific
68 As distinct from excitations above the ground state.
25
To: Jonathan Edwards <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: signal locality and monadic boson
The micro-quantum information potential for a single particle is nonlocal, but cannot
be used as a communication channel. The micro-quantum information potential for two
entangled particles is also nonlocal, but cannot be used as a communication channel.
Each particle's local mixed micro-quantum density matrix is uncontrollably random
noise. No signal can be locally decoded from each particle separately. There is an
information pattern in the nonlocal correlation pattern that can be decoded from data
from both particles after the fact. Spooky telepathy and presponse is not possible at this
simple micro-quantum level. Our internal stream of consciousness is not a low level
micro-quantum information process that is a juxtaposition of a huge number of
uncorrelated low level processes that are described by "ensembles" with single particle
wave functions, or even pair correlated entangled wave functions, or even entangled
wave functions of N particles with 100% local random noise fluctuations. The interior
stream of consciousness is big, it is macro and it is non-classical information process. A
macro-quantum boson condensate is not "entangled" because a huge number N of
particles are in the SAME single-particle state, with N uncertain. It is the uncertainty in N
that allows robust long-range phase coherence. A giant quantum wave of <N> particles
on the average (I) is a local c-number field in ordinary space. In contrast an entangled
micro-quantum state of <N> particles on the average (II) is nonlocal in ordinary space. It
is a local function in configuration space. Next consider a micro-quantum beam of <N>
particles on the average forming a statistical ensemble of un-entangled single-particles
each with the same micro-quantum wave function (III). The micro-quantum Born
probability rules operationally apply to III, but not to I. There is, for example, no
practical way to make Stern-Gerlach filters and momentum gratings for I without
destroying it. I and III have different first order reduced density matrices 1 x,x' . The
formal difference is ODLRO (macroscopic eigenvalue).
1 x,x ' x x ' ˜ n x,x'
x s x earg x
s
V
r ,t d3r Ns 1
(6.1)
I has ODLRO, III does not. "Presponse" signal nonlocality can appear when the Born
probability is no longer an applicable description of the process. A properly prepared
beam of <N> particles is a physical realization of a micro-quantum ensemble in which
the Born rule applies. A single pot of superfluid helium is NOT! "More is different".
Presponse is observed in conscious minds, it is not observed in micro-quantum particle
beams. Micro-quantum physics can never, in principle, describe a conscious mind.
Neither can classical physics describe a conscious mind. Indeed, classical physics is an
illusion because space-time is a macro-quantum emergence as I have shown. Macro-
quantum physics simulates classical physics.
Edwards suggested that a single boson quantum state could be conscious. I replied.
26
Conscious perception e.g. a visual image has a huge number of c-bits. We have maybe
1028 particles in our bodies. Which one is you? Talk about reductionism! Edwards
then “I think you mentioned a conflict between objectivity and non-locality?” To which I
replied: No. The conflict is between objectivity and locality. 69 You can have an
objective nonlocal theory. You can have a non-objective local theory. You can even
have, I suppose, a non-objective nonlocal theory. But you cannot have an objective local
theory. Edwards then said “I see consciousness as subjective (like Leibniz), so objectivity
is not a constraint.” I am not sure if "non-objective" in above context translates into
"subjective" in the way you mean. We need to do a Wittgensteinian philosophical
analysis of that one more carefully before proceeding. Then Edwards said:
“I see electrical messages from sensations and memory entering a territory that supports
the progression of a conscious wave packet or coherent aggregate of packets.”
Indeed, the electrical IT pattern must be imprinted upon the giant BIT field. That's
what I mean by IT FROM BIT + BIT FROM IT. Micro-quantum physics is only IT
FROM BIT without BIT FROM IT. What you are trying to say is BIT FROM IT. By
that I mean the "quantum BIT potential" is no longer "source free" (Bohm & Hiley p.30
Undivided Universe) as it must be for micro-quantum signal locality. Edwards then said:
“As a physician I cannot see how the brain can be the territory. It is a mess of wires,
plumbing, and relays stuffed in a laundry basket.”
Yes, you do not need quantum physics for that. Classical physics (as a simulation of
a deeper macro-quantum local spacetime physics) works fine up to the molecular level as
we see in the molecular machines of nano-technology. You only need micro-quantum
physics for the electrons in the molecules. The subjective inner stream of consciousness
is a "More is different" collective properties of the electrons in the living body. The
natural candidate here are the 1018 Single Electron Transistors (SET) inside the
hydrophobic cages of the protein molecule switches (dimers) in the sub-microtubule
infra-structure noted by S. Hameroff. This many-electron dipole system supports
collective Frohlich boson ˆ b x modes that form the local macro-quantum mind field
g | ˆ b x | g that is necessary to have the consciousness-generating BIT FROM IT
added to Wheeler‟s “IT FROM BIT”. Edwards then asked me: “Is it that it is assumed
that the mind observes quantum level phenomena in the way that the body does?” Most
people would say that we are conscious of external classical level phenomena. However,
our introspection is non-classical. The MIND is BIT. The BODY is IT. IT FROM BIT +
BIT FROM IT together means you cannot split MIND from BODY as you do in your
above sentence. Photons are absorbed triggering classical signals, which eventually are
transduced to excitations in the g | ˆ b x | g field. Excitations70 in this local macro-
quantum field are qualia because it is an intrinsically irreducible mental BIT field to
begin with.
69 You can replace “objectivity” by “counter-factual definiteness”. 70 The collective delocalized holographic excitations above the ground state may be the conscious qualia
with the adiabatic changes inside the ground state as the unconscious mind processing.
27
“I would see the mind as observing quantum phenomena directly, without any collapse
of the observed. If anything it should be the observing wave function that collapses
when it makes its cell fire.”
Again that sentence does not make much sense to me either.
The mind is observing classical phenomena out there. When I see a car approaching
me, that car is a classical object. The two ton Hummer bearing down on me does not have
a "micro quantum wave" that collapses in any significant sense. ;-)
On 5/23/03 5:47 PM, "fawolf" <[email protected]> wrote:
“I am also working on a time travel idea based on Vaidman's time translation machine.
Also very interesting.”
I replied: Oh yes, now I recall that vaguely. That's what you were thinking of in the Star
Trek IV DVD "Special Collector's Edition" Time Travel: The Art of the Possible. :-)
Linking the self-measurement to a presponse backward time translation would be
interesting.
If my instinct is right we need the local "superfluid" macro-quantum condensate
effect with a micro-quantum "normal" fluctuation that still obeys a kind of measurement
theory but with condensate influences.
That is, the conscious mind field must be a giant g | ˆ b x | g local macro-qubit
field coupled to something in the brain - probably the caged electrons since every other
nano-object is basically classical, but with micro-quantum noise conditioned by the
coherence. I have to see if I can adapt the Albert trick to this mixed macro-micro
quantum "two fluid" system. But first I need to understand every step of what he did.
ˆ b (x) Lim
x' x
ˆ b x,x' (6.2a)
ˆ b x,x' is a nonlocal collective electron pair quasi-boson mode destruction operator. |g>
is the superfluid "unconscious mind", i.e. adiabatic changes in |g> is unconscious
information processing with on shell "elementary excitations" as inner conscious qualia?
Their finite lifetime as duration of a moment of awareness.
There are two kinds of elementary excitations, the spatially localized "quasi-particles"
and the "holographic" spatially delocalized "collective modes" (Pribram?).
The quasi-particles are poles of the single particle propagator in complex energy
plane and the collective modes are poles of the matrix pair propagator (like plasmons and
spin waves).
28
Since the caged electrons are basically 2-state qubits71 in the double well potential we
have ˆ c x and ˆ c x with superscripts + and – denoting each of the two wells per caged
electron nano-switch.
Looking at the holographic collective modes with finite lifetime, the macro-quantum
matrix propagator with an anomalous off-diagonal electron pair contribution is
G 1 x,x'
g ˆ c x * ˆ c x' g g ˆ c x ˆ c x' g
g ˆ c x' * ˆ c x * g g ˆ c x * ˆ c x' g (6.2b)
The collective boson mode second quantized operators are made from the caged
electron qubit pairs are the nonlocal electron pair operators between the two double well
(+ -) potentials in hydrophobic cages at x and x‟.
ˆ b x,x' ˆ c x ˆ c x'
ˆ b x,x' * ˆ c x' * ˆ c x * (6.2c)
(* is Hermitian conjugate)
˜ G 1 x,x'g ˆ c x ˆ c * x' g g ˆ b (x,x ') g
g ˆ b (x.x') * g g ˆ c x ˆ c * x ' g (6.2d)
The poles of this propagator in the complex energy plane give the localized
quasiparticle elementary excitations. To get to the delocalized holographic collective
modes we need to go a step higher to
˜ G 2 x,x'g ˆ n x ˆ n x' g g ˆ b (x,x') * ˆ b (x,x') g
g ˆ b (x',x)* ˆ b (x',x) g g ˆ n x ˆ n x' g (6.2e)
Because of ODLRO at the EPR correlated electron pair level
g ˆ b (x,x') * ˆ b (x,x') g g ˆ B x g g ˆ B x' g x,x'
ˆ B x ˆ c x * ˆ c x
ˆ B x' ˆ c x' * ˆ c x'
(6.2f)
The last two lines of these formulae are the local single-electron tunneling operators
through the potential barrier of the double well in electric dipole quantum jumps pumped
by near electromagnetic fields of neuronal firings. The ODLRO gives long range macro-
quantum coherence in the Einstein-Podolosky-Rosen (EPR) nonlocally synchronized
71 Neglect additional electron spin qubits in this first approximation.
29
quantum jumping of widely separated electrons in coordinated electric dipole qubit
transitions independent of the separation x – x‟.
Think of a string of N beads so that x becomes a discrete variable. The Fourier
coefficient72 of the single-electron second quantized operator in Fock occupation number
space is then associated with an N qubit fiber Hilbert mind hologram space of dimension
2N where N ~ 1018 in the human brain.
c
k j 1 ...j N ˆ c x i
j i
i 1
N
e ik
x i
j(i)
The poles of ˜ G 2 x,x' in the complex energy plane give the delocalized collective
modes of all the electric dipole qubits spread all over the brain and maybe the whole
living body. These delocalized collective holographic modes may be the conscious
qualia?
The Multiverse in a Nutshell in 2003 according to
mainstream physics (http://CPEPweb.org )
The Big Bang Expanding Universe
Space, in three large dimensions, is slowly expanding from an initial moment after a
sudden vacuum inflation of 22 powers of 10 in size in 10-35 seconds called the Big Bang
13.7 billion years ago. 73 Our universe has expanded by a factor of 1000 from the
moment of transparency of light decoupling from ionized plasma captured by the NASA
space probes COBE and WMAP 380,000 years after the Big Bang. The ordinary matter
and radiation in the universe becomes less dense74 and its temperature cools in this
approximately adiabatic expansion.75 All distant galaxies move away from each other
and us. On large scales the universe looks the same in all directions76 from any point77 of
observation. There is no preferred center for the expansion. Think of an infinite flat
sheet of rubber. At the instant of the Big Bang the sheet is stretched with equal tension in
every direction at every point on it. Looking out at a distance d is looking back in time
by amount t = d/c because the speed of light c = 186,000 miles per second is finite.
72 This must be a unitary transformation of basis in Hilbert space corresponding to a canonical operator
transformation with invariant commutation and anti-commutation relations. 73 Three kinds of evidence: expansion red shifts of radiation from galaxies; meteorites; stars. 74 In contrast to the zero point energy density of all quantum fields, which stays constant as the universe
expands and, for this very reason, accelerates! 75 No classical energy into or out of the universe at least as an approximation. Think of the expansion of a
gas in a cylinder with insulating walls as a piston is moved to make more volume available to the gas. Air
escaping and expanding from nozzle on your car tire feels cold to the touch for this same reason. 76 isotropic 77 homogeneous
30
The Cosmic Microwave Background Black Body Thermal
Equilibrium Radiation (CMB)
The random electromagnetic waves from the early universe about 380,000 years after
the initial moment of the Big Bang are stretched by the expansion of 3D space. These
waves are outside of the physical vacuum and are, therefore, made out of real photons,
which means that their frequency in vibrations per unit time is determined by their
wavelength according to the equation c . Not so for the virtual photons that are
inside the physical vacuum as zero point fluctuations of the local electromagnetic force
field at every point of space and at every instant of time relative to some small detector at
rest in some frame of reference. A virtual photon can have any frequency and any
wavelength. For example, the virtual photons exchanged between two electrical charges
causing the static Coulomb force between them have nonzero wavelengths and zero
frequencies that violate the above equation for real far field photons that propagate
energy and momentum over long distances78 which virtual photons inside the vacuum
cannot do.79
78 Poles of the Feynman quantum field propagator 0 e*(x)e(x') 0 are in the complex energy plane.
The temporal rigid windowed Fourier transform of the spacetime propagator explodes to infinity at the
point in the complex energy plane where the pole is located. This is for globally flat spacetime. We need
an adaptive windowed wavelet transform for curved spacetime. This has not been done yet to my
knowledge. As the momentum changes, the position of the pole changes. The locus of the positions of the
pole is called the mass shell. Virtual quanta are off-mass-shell. Random virtual quanta inside the vacuum
are zero point fluctuations. However, coherent states of large numbers of virtual photons form near
induction fields of electromagnetic generators, motors, and transformers that do not propagate radiation
energy into empty space. Power lines propagate electrical energy localized to the lines with virtual photons
jiggling real electrons with every attempt to prevent radiation losses from the conversion of virtual photons
into real photons. 79 Virtual photons off their mass shell light cone come in two forms one inside the other outside the
physical vacuum. Virtual photons inside the vacuum are one form of locally random noise zero point
fluctuations. On the other hand, huge numbers of virtual photons also exist outside the vacuum as Bose-
Einstein type near field condensates in macroscopic quantum coherent states. A “condensate” means that a
huge number of identical boson quanta occupy the same single-particle quantum state that occupies a
relatively small volume of phase space compared to ordinary micro-quantum states. Since entropy, both
classical and quantum, is the log of the volume of phase space, any non-classical phase transition from
micro to macro quantum states (condensates) lowers the relative entropy creating new emergent order at
higher levels of complexity. It is only the classical entropy of a pure micro-quantum state that vanishes.
P.W. Anderson calls this the “More is different” principle. Condensates can be either virtual inside the
vacuum or real outside the vacuum. For example, superfluid helium and superconducting metals are real
boson condensates “on-mass-shell”. In contrast, the giant local vacuum quantum wave 0 e x e x 0
from huge numbers of paired virtual positrons e x and virtual electrons e x at spacetime event x at
the fuzzy Heisenberg uncertainty edge of the Dirac-Fermi sphere condensing into the same lower energy
virtual bound state is a virtual condensate. Einstein‟s gravity of curved spacetime comes from phase
modulation of 0 e x e x 0 . Exotic vacuum anti-gravitating “dark energy” ~ 73% of all the “stuff”
of the universe and exotic vacuum gravitating “dark matter” ~ 23% of all the stuff in the universe both
come from the amplitude modulation of 0 e x e x 0 in my local residual net micro-quantum zero
point fluctuation energy density zpf x macro-quantum exotic vacuum theory.
31
The CMB we detect today looks the same in every direction of space to a precision of
one part in 100,000. The small residual ripples in density, pressure and temperature of
the initial real stuff80 are the seeds of future galaxies.
Era 1 Inflation
Space expands by a factor of at least 1027 in a very small fraction of a second. Before
inflation the part of the universe we can see today using electromagnetic force radiation
signals was 10-26 cm across very much smaller than a single proton whose size is 1 fermi
~ 10-13 cm. The part of the universe we can see today was about 10 cm across at the end
of inflation. This 10 cm patch of the flat infinite space expanded to 1028 cm in the 13.7
billion years since the Big Bang.
Eras 2-3 Deceleration slowing of expansion with formation of material structures of
galaxies of stars and planets out of gas of hydrogen and helium after the initial post-
inflationary plasma of quarks, leptons and gluons cools down enough to the confinement
phase needed to form nucleons, mesons and leptons. After 10-12 sec (10-1 meters) from
Big Bang we have a plasma of leptons (electrons, neutrinos … ), quarks, electromagnetic
force photons, strong force gluons and weak force bosons. Era II begins with the quark
confinement to form nucleons and mesons happens at 10-4 seconds (103 meters). Atomic
nuclei ions of some light elements beyond hydrogen, mainly helium, form after 102
seconds (102 meters). The real on-mass-shell visible stuff of the universe is now mostly
atomic ionized plasma81 with free electrons and also neutrinos. Era III begins after 380,
000 years (1021 meters) seen with COBE and NASA WMAP data82 when neutral atoms of
mostly hydrogen and helium begin to form and free photons have a long enough mean
free path between collisions with ions and electrons of the previous Era II plasma to
escape to us today 13.7 billion years later as they travel through expanding space. First
stars and galaxies form at 3 x 108 years (1024 meters)
Era IV 1998 Dark Energy
Only 5 years ago in 1998 was the first evidence that the expansion of the universe is
no longer slowing down, but is accelerating from an anti-gravity universally repulsive
field. This invisible dark energy is in addition to another invisible gravitating attractive
dark matter field inferred to form, for example, galactic halos keeping the stars inside
galaxies. 83 Roughly 96% of the universe seen in recent NASA WMAP data and in Type
80 On-mass-shell 81 Like in thermonuclear hot fusion reactor machines, which still have not produced useful net energy after
50 years of failed attempts costing US tax payers billions of dollars. 82 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) of cosmic black body radiation (CMB) was 30 times
better angular resolution than COBE satellite. WMAP also measures polarization of the CMB. The
observed low prevalence of small spots restricts inflation models. A lack of features on the largest angular
scales suggests a finite space with a multiply connected global topology like a donut, for example, that
would seem to contradict Max Tegmark‟s claim, that I use above, of an infinite sheet for the post-
inflationary bubble with simply-connected topology. So this matter is not settled (Sci Am , April 2003, p.
33) 83 “The dark side”, M. Fukugita, Nature, 422, 3 April 2003, pp. 489-491.
32
IA Super Novae brightness data is either dark energy or dark matter. Only ~ 4% of all
the stuff in the universe is ordinary matter mainly protons and neutrons. One fourth of
that 4% is in visible stars and planets.
Basic Stats
The visible universe has 100 billion (1011) galaxies. Each galaxy has 400 billion
stars. Earth is 1.3x107 meters across. Our solar system is 1013 meters across. Our typical
galaxy is 1021 meters across. Our local group of galaxies is 3x 1027 meters across. Our
local super cluster is 1024 meters across. Our visible universe84 limited by the Hubble
horizon from the finite speed of real photon electromagnetic photons in the spatially flat
expanding 3D space with no boundary edges is 1026 meters across. The initial pre-
inflationary seed before the Big Bang of our visible universe was only 10-54x1026 = 10-26
meters across.
Extra Dimensions and Matrix Spacetime?
String theory requires them. But why string theory? Some of the extra dimensions
can have large compactification scales that make gravity stronger on a sub-millimeter
scale. Experiments are underway to test this idea. In addition to these commuting c-
number boson space dimensions, supersymmetry between fermions and bosons requires
anti-commuting fermion extra-dimensions. There may even be non-commuting boson
matrix dimensions. I also get strong short-range gravity from the exotic vacuum as
shown in the appendix below.
Quantum Gravity Granularity of Spacetime?
Some physicists are playing with the idea that spacetime is not a continuum, but is a
lattice on the quantum gravity Planck scale of 1019 Gev. Einstein‟s 1905 equation from
84 One of an infinity of “Level I” universes out of causal contact with each other on the same infinite flat
single “post-inflationary bubble” (Max Tegmark, e.g. “Parallel Universes”, Scientific American, May 2003
pp. 40-51) in a “Level II” Cosmic Champagne Cocktail Fizz of Bubbly in Kip Thorne‟s meaning of
“hyperspace” (“Black Holes and Time Warps”) according to “chaotic inflation”. The random Darwinian
natural selection of the “Weak Anthropic Principle” (WAP) explains why Sir Martin Rees‟s “Just Six
Numbers” that control the physics of our universe must like in narrow ranges because we conscious beings
are here to observe it. This is what John Archibald Wheeler means in the quote on “consciousness” and
“Darwin” at the opening of this paper. As Stephen Hawking likes to allude to, there is really no need for a
Conscious God as Intelligent Designer from this point of view. However, there is good evidence that
advanced super-technological conscious life, with psychotronic mind-control technology, in “flying saucer”
time travel machines using “star gate” traversable wormholes that are metric engineered out of the exotic
vacuum stuff that we now know is ~ 96% of our visible universe, have been here since the dawn of human
civilization interfering in our history in violation of “The Prime Directive”. Our technologically primitive
ancestors would naturally confuse these “ETs” with “Gods and Monsters”, “Angels and Devils”. Indeed,
all the Prophets, including Abraham, Moses, Buddha, Jesus and Mohamed et-al were all very probably “ET
Contactees and Abductees”.
33
the special relativity of unstable globally flat spacetime without gravity would not be
exactly E = mc2 for the “mass shell”85, but would be instead be
Emc 2
1mc 2
mpc2
2
mp
c
Lp
~ 10 5 gm
Lp
2 G
c 3~ 10 66 cm2
E mpc2whenmc 2 mp c 2
This means that high-energy particles on-mass-shell the mass shell flattens out at high
energy. In particular there should be a dispersive photon lag of 3 milliseconds per Gev
per billion light years path. This translates to an astrophysical gamma burst photon lag of
0.001 millisecond for an event a billion light years in the past between 100 and 300 kev.
The NASA GLAST probe projected in 2006 may be able to test this model.86
Appendix A: The Conventional Weird Wisdom “Yet the borderline between physics and metaphysics is defined by whether a theory is
experimentally testable, not by whether it is weird or involves unobservable entities.”
Max Tegmark, Scientific American, “Parallel Universes”, May 2003, p. 41
A material clone of you in an IT geometrodynamical-material parallel universe may
well exist about 1010 28
meters away on the Level I multiverse spatially flat87 3D space of
which our visible universe is a set of measure zero. There are two complementary points
of view Plato‟s “Bird” and Aristotle‟s “Frog”. We are the Frogs of Aristotle, rather than
Aristophones, sitting inside what appears to be a huge visible material universe extending
~ 1026 meters backwards in time to the Big Bang. This same visible material universe
looks like a tiny dot to the Bird. Anti-Kafka‟s metamorphosis is not man to cockroach,
but frog to bird.
Current measurements show that matter is not fractal on the large scale but is uniform
with “no coherent structures larger than about 1024 meters”.88
85 “m” here is the relativistic mass not the rest mass, hence the formula also works for “massless photons”
where mc2 is replaced by pc. The photon linear momentum is p. 86 Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope”, Sci Am, April 2003, p. 19. 87 Only meant as an average smoothed property on a large scale. There are positive and negative local
spacelike curvature fields on smaller scales. 88 Tegmark, p. 42 Sci. Am. May 2003
34
"It's not enough to be right in physics. One must be right for the right reasons." I think
Max Tegmark wrote that?
Turner, Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago, writes:
"Dark energy is one of the deepest and most exciting puzzles in all of science. It is likely
that a crazy new idea is needed to explain cosmic speedup and resolve the cosmological
constant problem. (That does not mean that every crazy idea is a solution.) The payoff
will be well worth the effort. We will gain new insights into the nature of matter, space
and time and shed light on our cosmic destiny."
Alan Guth invented "inflation" in 1980. You need a scalar quantum field the
"inflaton" on classical curved spacetime in the FRW metric assuming isotropy and
homogeneity on large scale ~ 1024 meters minimum. A small piece of the unstable
vacuum is blown up to our early universe 13.7 0.2 billion years ago in an ultra-short 10-
35 of a second as the inflaton decays. Any initial space curvature in 3D is flattened out.
The initial zero point vacuum micro-quantum fluctuations of the decaying inflaton are
stretched out to large scale to form the density perturbations from which ordinary matter
as we know it forms. Real on-mass-shell matter forms from the decay energy of the
inflaton forming the post-inflation vacuum bubble with perhaps an infinity of Level I
parallel universes in Max Tegmark's sense in May 2003 Scientific American assuming
simply connected not doughnut global topology. The COBE and newer WMAP NASA
space probes measure these seeds amped up quantum zero point fluctuations in a
snapshot taken when our universe is 380,000 years old from the Big Bang. We cannot
see further into the early universe with microwaves. We can see closer to the Big Bang
than 380,000 years with neutrinos and gravity waves if there are any of the latter. We
should know soon with new space experiments LISA and LIGO coming on line if we do
not have more Shuttle disasters. The key cosmological parameter in Einstein's theory is
Omega Zero ( 0) a dimensionless pure number equal to the coarse grained large-scale
average mean energy density of all "stuff" relative to a critical density given by Einstein's
classical 1915 general theory of relativity. No one of any importance in physics today
takes alternative gravity theories like the one Hal Puthoff has been playing with, for
maybe 20 years now without compelling results, seriously. Only a few UFO Cargo Cult
Kooks, some with US Military Intelligence backgrounds, take Hal's approach seriously.
This is not to say BTW that UFOs are not real evidence for dark energy being used by an
advanced civilization not from our planet and not from our time. The use of dark energy
for space and time travel with warp drive and star gates will be called "metric
engineering" a term invented apparently by Hal Puthoff. So not everything he did was in
vain. :-)
Appendix B: My Original Exotic Vacuum Equations
Elementary particles as exotic vacuum vanilla ice cream in a
chocolate covered bon bon of “charge”.
35
The generic “vanilla ice cream”89 inside is the strongly gravitating exotic vacuum
dark matter core inside the “chocolate coating” of generalized charges (U(1)
electromagnetic, SU(2) weak flavors and SU(3) strong colors). WIMPS of dark matter
would not be on-mass-shell exotic particles as all the Pundits now assume. Rather, they
would be small concentrations of exotic vacuum zpf hadronic ~ 1 1 fermi2, i.e. pure
generic “vanilla ice cream” without any U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3) charge “chocolate coating”.
Regge trajectories for hadron resonant peaks in production cross sections forming the
basic data of modern string theory has a standard formula suggesting tiny strong gravity
rotating extreme black holes90
J ' M 2
0 n
n 0,2,4,6...
n 1,3,5,7
(B.1)
'G *
c~
1
1Gev c 2 2 (B.2)
The variable exotic vacuum modified effective short-range gravitational coupling is
proportional to
G* ~ G[1 Lp
2
zpf ] (B.3)
G
c~
1
1019 Gev c22
Lp
2 G
c 3~ 10 66 cm2
(B.4)
Dark matter is
zpf 0 (B.5)
The universal dark matter exotic vacuum core of hadrons is
89 A metaphor, of course, like strong force “colors” and weak force “flavors”. 90 “Speculations on the effects of Gravitation and Cosmology in Hadron Physics”, Jack Sarfatti,
“Collective Phenomena” 1973, Vol 1, pp. 163-167 (Gordon and Breach, London)
36
G *
c~
G
cLp
2
zpf hadron 10 3810 66
zpf hadron
10 104
zpf hadron ~1
1Gev c2 2
(B.6)
A duality conjecture
J n zpf hadronGm
c2
2
0
1
zpf hadron cn
2 0 (B.7)
cn
2 1
n 0 zpf hadron (B.8)
zpf hadron ~1
(1 fermi)2 (B.9)
The effectively finitely renormalized mass of the electron91 from a hadronic dark
matter core is
mec
2 e2
zpf hadronc
e
(B.10)
1
e
e2
czpf hadron zpf hadron (B.11)
Stability of electron92 of finite dark matter bare mass M is
GM 2 e2
M 22
zpf e
c 2
(B.12)
91 This suggests that the program of Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff to try to compute the mass of the electron
from Lorentz force drag from random EM zero point fluctuations is not well posed. 92 This should work for all lepto-quarks with additional SU(2) weak flavor and SU(3) strong color charges
in addition to the U(1) electric charge that should dominate the large scale structure of the universe. The
non-Abelian spontaneous electro-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking allows an effectively zero mass
photon whose rest mass would at most be the inverse Hubble length ~ 10-65 gm. Frank Wilczek at APS
April 2003 showed that these dark matter core masses are, however, only a small part of the total hadronic
masses most of which is kinetic inside the “bag” of quantum chromodynamics.
37
G2
c 2 zpf e e2
G
c 3 zpf ee2
c
Lp
2
zpf e
1
zpf e
Lp
(B.13)
The last equation above is the Kaluza-Klein hyperspace thickness ~ 10-32 cm of a 2D
“electron brane” whose length is 1 fermi ~ 10-13 cm. Think of a vibrating tube with two
ends. The interior of the tube has exotic vacuum strongly attracting dark matter core
zpf e that prevents the electric charge from exploding. This original idea of mine of
exotic vacuum of positive zero point pressure constituting strong short scale effective
gravity solves the old Poincare-Abraham-Lorentz problem of the stability of the electron
posed more than 100 years ago.93
Appendix C: Impedance Matching The Macro-Quantum
Vacuum with a Real Superconductor for Metric
Engineering Warp Drive and Star Gate Fast Space Travel
Carl Sagan in 1986 asked Kip Thorne whether star gate fast space travel is possible.
Kip came up with yes answer if there were “exotic matter” sources on negative pressure.
Alcubierre then showed how this same exotic source could make a timelike geodesic
warp drive in which the star ship is a free-float (weightless) LIF. Bondi94 and Terletskii
had already shown years earlier in the 1950‟s how “negative mass” would make a
“vacuum propeller”. Since 1998 and we have, on the basis of improving Type Ia
supernovae data, known that most of the stuff of the universe (~ 73%) is “dark energy”
with negative pressure exactly what Kip Thorne ordered. The only question now is
whether we can “bottle” this exotic vacuum stuff. Ray Chiao is studying “gravity radio”
that requires “impedance matching” of the electromagnetic and gravity fields inside a
superconductor. I present a similar idea for metric engineering of space-time geometry
from an induced resonance matching of the poles of the pair order parameters of a real
superconductor with the virtual superconducting vacuum in the complex energy plane.
The idea is to use the Bohm-Aharonov-Josephson effect with controllable magnetic flux
93 The charge cluster of 109-1011 electrons observed by Ken Shoulders in his microwave devices may have
this explanations of dark matter exotic vacuum cores if they are not simply charged mercury droplets. 94 Chief Scientist of British Ministry of Defense at time I heard him lecture on this at Cornell ~ 1960.
Bondi and Terletskii, who was Stalin‟s Physics Spy Master, would have probably had access to classified
flying saucer data. On Y. Terletskii see my interview by Stephen Schwartz in “Special Tasks” by Pavel
Sudoplatov, paperback edition with introduction by Robert Conquest of The Hoover Institution at Stanford
University.
38
and Berry phase differences x in a weak link between the real and virtual
superconductors to bring the pair bound state binding energies of both macro-quantum
systems into coincidence.
Real particles are on-mass-shell. They correspond to poles of the single particle
propagator in the complex energy plane. The imaginary part of the complex energy of the
position of the pole is inversely proportional to the lifetime of the particle according to
Heisenberg‟s uncertainty principle. Assume for now homogeneous globally flat
spacetime with the symmetries of the 10-parameter Poincare Lie group95. We can then
use rigid Fourier transforms upon which the above remark is based. We need to use
wavelet transforms with adaptive windows in regions of strong spacetime curvature. We
can ignore curvature corrections on the microscale unless we are near a black hole.
Virtual particles are off-mass-shell, i.e. not on the pole. The position of the pole96 in the
complex energy plane depends on the momentum according to
E 2 pc2
m0c2
2
(C1.1)
In contrast virtual particles have no such constraint connecting their energy E to their
momentum p. For example, the virtual photons of longitudinal polarization exchanged
between two electrons to make the static Coulomb repulsive force have zero energy with
non-zero momentum that violates the mass shell (light cone) equation
E pc (C1.2)
The single-electron propagator97 is
Ge 1
x,x' 0 |e x e x' | 0 (C2.1)
95 The Poincare group P(4) is the semi-direct product of the 4-parameter translation group T(4) with the 6-
parameter Lorentz group O(1,3) of space-time rotations. The infinitesimal generators of T(4) is the energy-
momentum 4-vector P E c ,ip . The infinitesimal generators of the Lorentz group form the
generalized angular momentum-boost tensor J . Locally gauging T(4) gives Einstein‟s 1915
geometrodynamics with zero torsion. The new symmetry group is then Diff(4)xO(1,3) for the tangent
vector bundle with Diff(4) in the curved base space of LNIF observers and O(1,3) in the locally flat tangent
space of coincident non-rotating LIF observers on timelike geodesics. Locally gauging O(1,3) gives
torsion fields. In terms of a 4D elastic-plastic “world crystal” (H. Kleinert) curvature (torsion) is
disclination (dislocation) defect density of vortex lines in the Goldstone phase of a macro-quantum vacuum
wave local coherent order parameter 0 |e x e x | 0 . 96 There are two roots of positive and negative energy. 97 Neglecting, for simplicity, the several choices of boundary conditions represented by different contours
in the complex energy plane that move around the mass shell poles in different senses. Feynman‟s choice
is that the anti-particle is a particle of negative energy moving backwards in time with opposite gauge force
charges.
39
Using the local second-quantized creation e x and destruction e x operators of
the spin 1/2 Dirac fermion field that anti-commutes to obey the Pauli exclusion principle
in the vacuum state | 0 .98
The temporal Fourier transform is
˜ G
e 1E,
r
r ' G
e 1x,x' e
iE t t'd t t' (C2.2)
The poles of the single-particle propagators are called “quasi-particles”. The poles of
the two-particle pair propagators are called “collective modes”. The pair propagator99 of
interest is that of “vacuum polarization” (VP)100
Ge e 2
x,x' 0 |e x e x e x' e x' | 0 (C2.3)
Macro-quantum vacuum physics is ODLRO in this VP pair propagator, i.e.
0 |e x e x e x' e x' | 0 0 |e x e x | 0 0 |e x' e x' | 0
G
e e 2zpfx,x'
(C2.4)
The second term of the RHS of (2.4) is the “exotic vacuum”101 residual vacuum
polarization random noise micro-quantum zero point fluctuation with negative zero point
energy density and positive zero point pressure that contribute to the “dark matter”
component in the large scale structure of the universe and to the stabilizing cores of
elementary particles on the small scale. The non-exotic equilibrium vacuum has zero
weight meaning that the virtual Heisenberg uncertainty zero point energy density and
pressure both vanish. Note that the equation of state for any quantum vacuum is
zero point energy density + zero point pressure = 0
i.e.
zpf pzpf 0 (C3.1)
The generalized Poisson equation for Einstein‟s general relativity, in the slow speed
nearly flat limit of large local radii of curvature is
2V 4 G 3p (C3.2)
98 No more than one real particle per cell of phase space of area h per degree of freedom. 99 We suppress the relative coordinates by integrating them out and only focus on the center of mass
coordinates of the pairs. 100 I use VP to distinguish it from Hal Puthoff‟s “PV” “dielectric” alternative to Einstein‟s
geometrodynamics. My study of Hal‟s attempt leads me to reject it as a viable internally consistent
plausible alternative to Einstein‟s battle-tested gravity theory. 101 Exotic vacua are “stuff” of the zpf Higgs field that contribute to the large-scale cosmological
parameter 0 of Einstein‟s cosmology.
40
In contrast to (3.1) the general equation of state of any kind of “stuff” depends upon
the parameter
wp
c 2 (C3.3)
Stuff w
Zero point vacuum (exotic & non-exotic) -1
Non relativistic on-mass-shell matter 0
Real photons (radiation) 1/3
Substituting w = -1 into (3.2) shows that negative zero point pressure anti-gravitates
like “dark energy”, whilst positive zero point pressure gravitates like “dark matter”.
Standard quantum electrodynamics of the free electron Dirac fermion field without any
macro-quantum coherence has positive zero point pressure with universal attraction. In
contrast, the photon boson field has negative zero point pressure like universally
repulsive “dark energy”.
The position of the real part of the pole of the pair propagator (2.3) in the complex
energy plane is the binding energy of the pair. Whether or not the individual particles in
the pair are on or off mass shell at the lower quasiparticle level does not matter at the
higher “more is different”102 collective mode pair level. The real superconductor has a
negative binding energy pole in its pair propagator g |e x e x | g from the
electron-phonon coupling that overpowers the static Coulomb repulsion between two real
electrons near the edge of the Fermi sphere. The macro-quantum vacuum has a negative
binding energy pole in its pair propagator from the static Coulomb attraction between the
virtual off-mass-shell positron hole and virtual off-mass shell electron near the edge of its
Fermi sphere in the negative energy virtual electron sea. The tentative highly speculative
original idea I conjecture here is that a resonant Josephson weak link or “impedance
match” between the vacuum and the superconductor will be established via the scattering
matrix resonance denominator
1
E sc Evac i sc vac
(C4.1)
The induced zero point energy density in this weak link starting from a non-exotic
equilibrium vacuum of vanishing zero point energy density103 is
zpf x Lp
* x g |e x e x | g2
1cos x
Lp
3 2* x g |e x e x | g (C4.2)
102 P.W. Anderson 103 0 |e x e x | 0 |2 Lp
* 3 for the zero weight non-exotic equilibrium vacuum
41
The regime for practical metric engineering is
cos x
Lp
3 2* x g | e x e x | g1 (C4.3)
where Lp
* x is the effective Planck scale that depends upon (4.1).
Appendix D: Measurement of Signal Nonlocality in
Conscious Matter in Violation of Micro-Quantum Theory
From: Jack Sarfatti <[email protected]>
Date: Wed May 14, 2003 8:24:10 AM US/Pacific
To: Dick J Bierman <[email protected]>
Subject: fMRI presponse measures signal nonlocality
Dick, your work is the most important fundamental quantum physics experiment
since Alain Aspect's on Bell's locality inequality. (apart from WMAP, Type Ia
supernovae et-al on dark energy/matter) You have, IMO, measured signal nonlocality in
conscious matter in violation of micro-quantum theory. You should get a Nobel Prize.
Thanks to Danko for making this obvious to me because of his wrong objection. Of
course it will take years before the Stockholm Pundits properly understand the
significance of your data.
On Tuesday, May 13, 2003, at 11:19 PM, Dick J Bierman wrote:
On Wednesday, May 14, 2003, at 04:59 Europe/Amsterdam, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
“Furthermore, in the fMRI presentiment work, we even do not see ANY
anticipatory effect preceding the neutral stimuli. There should be some
anticipatory effect before neutrals in the models predicting an artificial effect.”
Written by Bierman
I am trying to understand this better.
1) Do you mean you still see the anticipatory effect preceding the emotional stimuli,
but in contrast, do not see it for the neutral ones using fMRI?
Bierman replied:
“Yes, with skin conductance as a dependent measure one generally observes an
increase in conductance preceding the stimulus. This is because the subject knows that,
after having hit the start button, there will be a picture in a few seconds, which might
contain emotional content.
42
The models that try to explain pre-sentiment assume that this expectation will
increase if the subject has seen a sequence of neutrals because the subject (falsely)
thinks that the probability for an emotional picture to appear increases after a number
of neutrals (Gamblers fallacy). Thus these models predict that also before the neutrals
one will see a bump. However the fmri data show that this is not the case. Nothing
before the neutrals.”
2) Assuming answer to 1) is yes, is there any "hyperfine splitting" so to speak. I mean
is there any statistically significant difference in the anticipatory presponse between
two different kinds of emotional stimuli, e.g. violent vs erotic for example? I asked.
“There are different qualitative aspects. In the fmri data erotic and violent
presponses are seen at different brain locations. It is difficult to analyze this in a
quantitative way.
However there is one quantitative aspect, which basically completely rules out
'Danko' type of explanations. This is that there is a significant positive correlation
between the intensity of the presponse and the magnitude of the emotionality of the
random picture that follows (the latter assessed independently of course).”
Why not test mathematicians with different math symbols for example? I asked.
“The idiosyncrasy of emotions is a problem that has been addressed by using loud
sounds (even mathematicians don't like those!). The results with the loud sounds are
even better than with emotional and neutral pictures. I can't exclude that we missed a
'normal' explanation but it is not of the Danko type.”
In the Heart of Dark Matter Apocalypse Now? “Why not go to a lower vacuum here and now? … It was a very frightening experience
which I had when I first thought about these bubbles … I really shivered … I told Andrei
Sakharov about these bubbles. I vividly remember his reaction. He said: „Such
theoretical work should be forbidden. It‟s too dangerous.” Lev. B. Okun hep-ph/0112032
Sir Martin Rees, FRS, Professor at Cambridge University has voiced similar “Ice 9”
fears104. Martin Rees wrote105:
"civilization could be ravaged or destroyed by irrational or evil amateur scientists who
operate alone or in small groups ... for example ... micro-robots that could reproduce out
of control and devour Earth's surface … physicists might accidentally generate black
holes or 'rips' in the spacetime continuum that could destroy the Earth ...Space itself, an
invisible froth of subatomic forces and short-lived particles, might undergo a 'phase
transition' like water molecules that freeze into ice ... devouring Earth ..."
104 I talk about this danger of exotic vacuum weapons of mass destruction in my two books “Destiny
Matrix” and “Space-Time and Beyond II” both published at end of 2002 at http://www.1stbooks.com 105 http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/04/14/MN255128.DTL&type=science
43
NO! This is NOT a comic book fiction -- not anymore.
Rees points to a real experiment at Brookhaven started in 2000 to reproduce Big Bang
conditions in a small space that might make a "strangelet" that could perhaps "transform
the entire planet Earth into an inert hyperdense sphere about 100 meters across."
Rees also mentions the danger Andrei Sakharov worried about to Lev Okun that I
cited at my APS Austin talk in early March 2003. K. Davidson cites Rees on this:
"'The boundary of the new style vacuum would spread like an expanding bubble'
devouring Earth and -- eventually -- the entire universe beyond it."
The universe is proving fragile just like the Earth's biosphere. This is why advanced
ETs would come here if they could, and it appears that they can via metric engineering of
what I call the zpf field. Any civilization that explodes a nuclear weapon will soon come
upon the potential of using quantum vacuum energy which is much more powerful than
nuclear energy.
1
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