Arctic SMARTIC -Strategic MAnagement of Resources in TImes of ChangeRapid summer Arctic sea ice loss is leading to new interests in both preserving and developing Arctic resources

Sea Ice ProjectionsEnd of Winter End of Summer

~2010

~2040

http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/future/sea_ice.html

Thickness Thickness

Actual Resolution of Decades-Long Territorial Dispute Between Norway and Russia (Area 4) using “Getting to Yes” Negotiation

Strategy and Marine Spatial Planning

1 = North Pole2 = Lomonosov Ridge3 = 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone4 = Russian-claimed territory (w/disputed area)

PHASE ISMARTIC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Spatial_Planning

Marine Spatial Planning1

2

3

4

SMARTIC Game Play: Phase I1. The area to be managed is the Arctic marine region.2. The goals and objectives are to prepare a future-

oriented (~2040) multiuse management plan for this region.

3. Based on the stakeholder information provided (readings and maps) and keeping in mind future changes in sea ice cover, players mark on the large map their top 3 areas of high priority interest and/or concern.

4. Note that your SMARTIC stakeholders represent user groups, not nations.

SMARTIC Game Play: Phase I, continued

1. Once all players mark their areas of interest on the map, stakeholders negotiate areas where interests overlap using the “Getting to Yes” strategy.

2. The goal is to come up with a multi-use management plan for the area, as well as options for resolving conflicts among the stakeholders.

Negotiation Strategy: “Getting to Yes”• Separate the people from the problem

– Think of the negotiation as a means to solving a problem and the people on the other side as partners helping to find a solution.

• Focus on interests, not positions– It's important to communicate your interests to the other party.

Don't assume they have the same interests as you or that they know what your interests are. Don't assume you know what interests the other party has.

• Invent options for mutual gain– Don't judge the ideas people bring forward, just get them on the

board. Invent ways of making the other party's decisions easy.• Insist on using objective criteria

– Objective criteria need to be independent of each side's will.• Invent a list of actions you might take if no agreement is

reachedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting_to_YES

SMARTIC Game Play: Phase I Stakeholder Negotiation Points

Technologies• Double hulled ships• Relief drilling wells• Energy efficiency• Limits on ballast

water discharge• Limits on black

carbon output• Noise reduction• Ecosystem-based

management

Logistics• Limited operation

times/locations:– Avoid animal

migration pathways– Suspend operations

before seasonal sea ice regrowth

• Ice/storm preparedness training

• Emergency response plans– Including assistance

from other stakeholders

Resources

• Money– Including

investments in communities, i.e., jobs, infrastructure, development

• Political power• Lawsuits• Media

PHASE IISMARTIC

SMARTIC Game Play: Phase II

• A crisis occurs (see options provided)– Respond to crisis in the role of your stakeholder– Negotiate new management strategies as needed

DEBRIEFSMARTIC

SMARTIC Debrief• How did players resolve strategies within the different groups?

– Did the strategies change from one region to another as the environmental conditions changed, or due to involvement of different stakeholders?

– How did the crisis influence the strategies?• Which stakeholders are typically in alignment?

– Which stakeholders are typically in conflict?• Which stakeholders stand to gain most?

– Which stakeholders stand to gain least?• In this version of the game, you played the role of stakeholders.

In reality, national governments are making most of these decisions.– Which countries stand to gain most, based on the management

strategies you chose?– Which countries stand to gain least?