ard summer 2017 - physiotherapy · nikita bouwmeester student rep, ... bethany bass new! treasurer...

ARD Mission Statement

The Animal Rehab Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association advocates that Registered Physiotherapists are the professionals of choice to provide animal rehabilitation. The ARD is a resource for the best practice of animal rehabilitation through education, professional development and communication within the animal health care industry.

ARD Vision Statement

To improve the neuromuscular health of animals.

To promote the advancement of clinical practice in animal rehabilitation.

To increase the awareness of and access to animal rehabilitation by registered Physiotherapists.

Summer 2017 Annual Article Review

ARD Courses 5

Resisted Sand Exercises 8

Student Corner 9

Teeter Whip and Base Hop Agility Issues! 11

Muscular Activation and Risk in Agility Obstacles 12

Canine Pain Scale 14

The Equine TMJ 15

Equine EMG Study 16

Degenerative Myelopathy 18

Canine OA and Platelet Therapy 20

Equus Physio 21

Canine Paw Biomechanics 24

ARD Acupuncture Position Statement 26

ARD Student Scholarships 27

ARD Brochures 28

ARD NEWSLETTER SUMMER 2017

CARRIE SMITH Communications Lead Kemptville, ON

[email protected]

Course Calendar

Canine Home Study Introduction to the Canine

Patient Pre-requisite for

Introduction and Advanced Canine Rehab

Available Anytime

Introduction to Canine Rehab

East: Niagara Falls April 6-8, 2018

West: (TBD) Spring 2018

Registration form page 5

Advanced Canine Rehab

Calgary Sept. 15-18/17


NEW EQUINE COURSES

Equine Home Study Introduction to the Equine Patient. Pre-Requisite for

Introduction to Equine Rehab

Available Anytime

Introduction to Equine Rehab

Blackstock, ON Oct. 13-15/17


DONNA LAROCQUE-HENNIG Co-Chair Edmonton, AB

[email protected]

SUE VAN EVRA Education Lead Kootenay, BC

[email protected]

SANDRA OXTOBY Co-Chair Calgary, AB

[email protected]

COURTNEY DEVRIES Secretary Vancouver, BC

[email protected]

JEN MCNUTT Education Committee Kootenay, BC

[email protected]

NIKITA BOUWMEESTER Student Rep, UBC

[email protected]

LAURIE EDGE-HUGHES Lobby & Advocacy Lead Calgary, AB

[email protected]

THE ARD HOME TEAM

BETHANY BASS NEW! Treasurer Toronto, ON

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]










mailto:[email protected]?subject=








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REPORT FROM THE CO-CHAIRSandra Oxtoby, BScPT, CERT, CCRT, Co-Chair ARD

Summer is here and the ARD hopes you are all able to get out and spend some fun time with your furry friends.

The major highlight from the past few months was the success of our eAGM. We had 16 members present, including the executive. This was our largest turnout yet, technology is working in our favour to bring animal physios together from across the country.

One of the biggest achievements of the eAGM was that our executive team is thrilled to welcome Bethany Bass as our new treasurer! We had a meeting in June in Toronto to debrief her, and we were so happy with her enthusiasm to be part of ARD. She is fresh out of school, and already taken 3 ARD courses!

Donna and I attended a strategic planning session for CPA, where the major action items were to re work our CPA vision and statement. This took MANY hours of collaboration, but lead to some conclusions. These will be presented by the CPA in the near future to members.

The strat planning session for the DCC (Division Chairs Committee) also occurred in June. One of the major goals going forward is an increased need of collaboration between the divisions and CPA.

We have had a large demand from the east to host our “Intro to Equine Rehab” course there. We have a great announcement, it will be held October 13-15, 2017 in Blackstock, Ontario. Very exciting!

We are also playing with the idea of a course pre-congress in Montreal November 2018. Please send us any requests or suggestions of hot topics of interest.

Please enjoy our article review newsletter. As your DKMC rep (Division Knowledge Management Committee) I hope our executive’s evaluation of current literature is relevant to your clinical practice. Knowledge translation (KT) is defined by the CIHR as a dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sounds application of knowledge to improve health of Canadians. This process can improve the health of our animals as well!

Until next time,

Sandra Oxtoby

Co-Chair ARD , DKMC Rep

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Introduction to the Canine Patient Home Study Course

Covers anatomy, physiology and common conditions

Great for pet owners and those interested in canine rehab

Pre-requisite for all other ARD courses

$317 ARD Members / $367 Non-members (+GST/HST) Available Anytime

Introduction to Canine Rehab

Hands-on course covers anatomy, palpation, handling skills, basic orthopaedic and neurological assessment and specific canine conditions and pathologies

Pre-requisite - Introduction to the Canine Patient Home Study Course

2 Courses per year (East and West) - see advertisement in this newsletter for more information.

Advanced Canine Rehab

Detailed joint by joint and spinal physical assessment, neurological evaluations and treatment, therapeutic exercise and sporting dog injuries, surgical review.

Pre-requisite - Home Study course and Introduction to Canine Rehab

One course per year taught by Laurie Edge-Hughes: September in Calgary

Diploma in Canine Rehab Requirements:

Completion of all ARD canine courses

Written examination, written case study

Veterinary Clinic Observation (40 Hours)

Additional animal husbandry, handling & safety considerations

$400 (+ GST/HST) plus all documentation

Want a Diploma in Canine Rehab? Here’s How!

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Introduction to Canine Rehabilitation Course Description: The purpose of this course is to provide the participant with a fundamental understanding of functional anatomy and palpation, canine behaviour as it relates in a therapeutic setting, and the ability to perform a rudimentary musculoskeletal and neurological assessment of the dog. Participants will be guided to use their existing problem solving knowledge and understanding of basic physiotherapy principles and treatment techniques when confronted with canine specific conditions and pathologies. Learning Objectives:

• Describe clinically relevant anatomical differences between human and canine patients • Identify key structures: bones, muscles, nerves, ligaments, and tendons • Demonstrate the ability to palpate important musculoskeletal structures on live canine subjects • Recognize normal and abnormal gait patterns within and between breed and canine body

types • Perform a rudimentary neuromusculoskeletal physical examination of a dog (including the axial

skeleton and extremities) • Identify specific to common canine pathologies and conditions, identify treatment goals and

physiotherapy techniques and/or tools to address the treatment goals ________________________________________________________________ Registration: 2018 Courses ( ) April 6-8, 2018 Niagara Falls, ON (Donna LaRocque-Hennig, PT) ( ) To be determined Calgary, AB (Margaret Kraeling, PT) ( ) $904 ARD Member ( ) $1117 Non-ARD Member Animal Rehabilitation Division GST/HST #106865397 RT 0031 PRE-REQUISITES: Registered Physiotherapist and successful completion of the ARD “Introduction to the Canine Patient” Home Study Course (available anytime) NAME:__________________________________________________________________ E-MAIL: _________________________________________________________________ PHONE: __________________________(H) ___________________________________(C) Please fax (403) 932- 4432 or email this form to [email protected] .We can invoice you using the secure PayPal system and you may pay by credit card, OR pay by cheque to the Animal Rehab Division and mail along with this registration form to Box 2001, Cochrane, AB T4C 1B8. The ARD reserves the right to cancel this course at any time. Course confirmation will be sent out no later than 3 weeks prior to the start date of the course. The ARD strongly recommends obtaining cancelation insurance for all travel.

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ADVANCED CANINE REHABILITATION Registration FormEligibility:LicensedPhysicalTherapists. Prerequisite:CompletionofIntrotoCanineRehab

CourseDates: Sept15-18th,2017 Location:TheCanineFitnessCentre,Calgary,AB

Name:________________________ License#:_________________

Address:__________________________City:__________________Prov:____________PostalCode:______________

Ph:________________________________________E-mail:_______________________________________________

PleaseCheck:[]ARDmember[]Non-ARD *PSDidyouknowyoucanjoinadivisionatanytime?$1100+gst=$1155 [email protected]

Payment:,(1)Cheque payabletoTheAnimalRehabDivisionandmailto:Box2001,Cochrane,AB,T4C1B8,OR(2)FaxtheformandyourVisaorM/Cinformationto:(403)932-4432 (circle):VISAorM/C

#____________________________________Expiry:_________________CV#__________,OR(3)[](tickbox)pleaseinvoicemethrough PayPal(secureonlinebanking)&e-mail:[email protected]

***Theanimalrehabdivisionreservestherighttocancelthiscourseatanytime.Courseconfirmationwillbesentout3-weekspriortothestartdateofthecourse.TheAnimalRehabDivisionstronglyrecommendsobtainingcancellationinsuranceforalltravel.***

ADVANCED CANINE REHABILITATIONCOURSEDESCRIPTION:Thisfour-daypracticalcourseisintendedtobuildupontheinformationpresentedintheIntroductiontoCanineRehabilitationCourse.

TOPICSINCLUDE:- Jointbyjointextremity evaluations& -Modalitiesupdatespinalassessments-Therapeuticexercise

- Manualtherapy(extremities andaxialskeleton)-Orthopaedic andNeurologicsurgerydescriptions- Deductivereasoningfor neurologiclesions-Sportingdogconsiderations-Neurologicalrehabilitation& sensoryintegration-Canineconformation-formtofunction-Marketingandbusinessplanning -ONLINEpre-learningmaterialswillbeprovided

INSTRUCTOR:LaurieEdge-Hughes,BScPT,CAFCI,CCRT,MAnimSt(AnimalPhysiotherapy)

DATES:Sept15-18th,2017– 8:30am—5:30pmdaily.Registrationwillbeat8amon Friwithclasscommencingat8:30am.REGISTRATIONDEADLINE: September1st,2017.

LOCATION:TheCanineFitnessCentreLtd.www.caninefitness.com 4515ManhattanRdSE,Calgary,ABPh (403)204-0823

CONTACT:[email protected] (403)932-4432orcell(403)510-4050_____________________________________________________________

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Introduction to Equine Rehabilitation -A course offered by the Animal Rehab Division of the CPA

Course Description: The purpose of this course is to provide the participant with a fundamental understanding of functional anatomy and palpation, equine behaviour as it relates in a therapeutic setting, and the ability to perform a rudimentary musculoskeletal and neurological assessment of the horse. Participants will be guided to use their existing problem solving knowledge and understanding of basic physiotherapy principles and treatment techniques when confronted with equine specific conditions and pathologies. Learning Objectives: • Describe clinically relevant anatomical differences between human and equine patients • Identify key neuromusculoskeletal structures; bones, muscles, nerves ligaments, tendons and

cartilages • Demonstrate the ability to palpate important musculoskeletal structures on live equine

subjects • Recognize normal and abnormal gait patterns within and between breed and equine body

types • Perform a rudimentary neuromusculoskeletal physical examination of a horse (inclusive of

extremities and the axial skeleton) • Identify specific to common equine pathologies and conditions, identify treatment goals and

physiotherapy techniques and/or tools to address the treatment goals Registration: 2017 Introduction to Equine Rehabilitation Dates: (please select) [ ] October 13 – 15: Calgary, Alberta (Donna LaRocque, BScPT, CAFCI, CCRT, CERT)

Cost: ___ ARD member ($1000 + GST/HST) = $1050 ___ Non-ARD member ($1100 + GST/HST) = $1155 Animal Rehabilitation – GST/HST # - 106865397 RT0031 Pre-Requisites: Registered physiotherapist

Successful completion of ‘Introduction to the Equine Patient’

Name: ___________________________ Email: _________________________ Address:_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ Phone: _______________________ (hm) _______________________ (cell) Please mail, fax, or e-mail in this registration form (Box 2001 Cochrane, Alberta, T4C 1B8). We can send you an invoice by email via the secure PayPal system so that you may pay by credit card OR pay by cheque to the Animal Rehab Division and mail (along with this registration form). For more information, please contact [email protected], ph/fax (403) 932-4432 ***The animal rehab division reserves the right to cancel this course at any time. Course confirmation will be sent out no later than 3-weeks

prior to the start date of the course. The Animal Rehab Division strongly recommends obtaining cancellation insurance for all travel.***

Blackstock, ON


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Resisted Sand ExercisesCheck out these sequential pics of playing fetch!

Owned and photographed by Jane Rowden


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Student CornerNikita Bouwmeester, BHK, MPT Candidate 2017

The ARD would like to welcome our new student reps! Our big, audacious goal is to have 1 student rep per class from each Physiotherapy program across Canada!

Welcome students and you are the life blood of our profession!

1st year Rep: Lydia Carter

2nd year Rep: Stephanie Stagliano

1st year Rep: Olivia So

2nd year Rep: Amanda Raguseo

2nd year Rep: Gregory Brown

1st year Rep: Kelsey Brooks

If your University is not represented yet…join the ARD as your student rep!

Get involved in your profession…it looks good on your CV!

ARD Executive Student Rep Nikita Bouwmeester


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On April 22nd, I had the opportunity to represent the ARD at the BC Physio Forum Trade Show in Vancouver, along side Courtney De Vries, the previous ARD Student Rep and current ARD Secretary!

It was a wonderful opportunity to connect with and learn from physios, physio students, clinic owners, business owners, and many other individuals from all over BC. There were many people interested in finding out more about what animal rehab is all about, and through their questions we were able to share a lot about the ARD.

Many people stopped by to say hello and share their own stories. Some physios who weren’t necessarily interested in getting involved in animal rehab themselves, shared that their own patients sometimes asked if their physios could treat their furry friends.

Many 1st and 2nd year MPT students attended the forum, so we made sure to give them all the information on the 2017 ARD scholarship, and how they can start the process of getting into Animal Rehab themselves. Students, get your scholarship applications in! Contact me if you need more information on starting the Animal Rehab education process!

The BC Physio Forum was a wonderful day of making connections and learning. I am always blown away by the diversity of the Physiotherapy profession, and I was honoured to be able to advocate for the Animal Rehab Division and the role of Animal Rehab in the care of our animal friends!


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Teeter Whip and Base Hop - Agility Issues!Carrie Smith, BScPT, CCRT

An Evaluation of the Motions of Competition Seesaws - The Effect of Design on Performance. Martin Levy, MD, Peter A. Torzilli, PhD, Monica Percival. The Center for the Scientific Advancement of the Sport of Canine Agility, Ardsley, New York and Clean Run Productions, LLC, Chicopee, Massachusetts.

Just as our human athletes sustain sport injuries related to their equipment (visualize the pole vaulter who's pole breaks), our canine athletes also have obstacles that can cause injury. An article from Clean Run Productions caught my eye recently because I had never heard of these issues before: “Teeter Whip” and “Base Hop”, with regards to the see-saw/teeter obstacle in a typical agility course.

The following is a little information about these potential injury-causing obstacles. I encourage you to watch the videos - they really demonstrate what can happen to the dog!

Teeter Whip and Base Hop Videos: Teeter Whip

The teeter or see-saw is unlike any other obstacle in agility because the dog’s performance can depend on the obstacle’s performance. Variations in length, construction and fulcrum affect the performance of the teeter. Organizational agility bodies are specific about the dimensions and construction of the teeter, but not about it’s response to varying load.

This paper examined different types of teeter to determine how each design responded to applied loads.

“Teeter Whip” is the term used for the rebound effect of the end of the teeter hitting the ground, and then whipping up again causing the dog to catapult off the end. This occurs when the base of the teeter is weighted and very secure.

“Base Hop” is the term used when the physical base of the teeter is moved along the ground in response to a fast drop down and impact from the end of the board. This occurs with an unweighted and less secure base, but this also reduces the rebound effect of the teeter whip.

There is a lot of complex engineering that goes into the teeter. Teeters with a heavily weighted base (i.e. ones that do not allow any base hop), do not dissipate the vibration of the board through the base, and the result is a large whip and rebound on the dog’s end of the teeter. This can cause the dog’s hind legs to be lifted off the ground, or the board may hit the dog as they are stepping off the teeter. Watch the video!

The answer seems to lie somewhere in the middle. You want a secure base without a lot of movement, but you also want the vibration of the board to be dissipated to avoid a large whip as the dog lands. New materials are being used in the construction of the teeter to help both of these issues. Next time you treat an agility dog, ask the owner about teeter whip and base hop!

https://www.cleanrun.com/index.cfm/category/560/teeter-board-whip.htm

https://www.cleanrun.com/index.cfm/category/560/teeter-board-whip.htm


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Cullen, K. L., Dickey, J. P., Brown, S. H. M., Nykamp, S. G., Bent, L. R., Thomason, J. J., & Moens, N. M. M. (2017). The magnitude of muscular activation of four canine forelimb muscles in dogs performing two agility-specific tasks. BMC Veterinary Research, 13:68, 1-13

Importance: Canine agility has grown increasingly popular over the last decade and with any sport comes the inherent risk of injury. Specifically, jumping and climbing the A-frame obstacle has a higher risk for injury. This study was done to provide insight into the potential relationships between level of muscle activation and risk of injury during agility tasks. The study measured the level of muscular activation in the four forelimb muscles while dogs performed two specific agility tasks (jumping and A-frame).

Methods: Eight healthy agility dogs (Border Collies - four females, four males) with a minimum of 2 years agility experience (ranging from intermediate level to internationally ranked). Muscle activation was measured with ultrasound guided fine wire electromyography (fEMG) of four specific forelimb muscles: biceps brachii, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and triceps brachii long head. Muscle activation was recorded while the dogs performed a two jump sequence and while dogs ascended and descended A-frame obstacle at two different competition heights.

Results & Discussion:! Peak muscle activation during the agility tasks were between 1.7 to 10.6 fold greater

than walking. ! Jumping required higher levels of muscle activation than ascending or descending an

A-frame. ! There was no significant difference between the two A-frame heights. This is interesting

because within the agility community, there is much discussion about whether there is an increased risk of injury for dogs when performing an A-frame set at the higher of these two heights. This study shows that in regards to muscular exertion of these four muscles there is no appreciable difference.

! Peak activations for both the biceps brachii and triceps brachii long head occurred during the swing phase of the jumping transition stride.

! In contrast to the jumping and ascending tasks, the stance time was longer than swing time for the two descending tasks. Peak activation for the shoulder extensor (biceps brachii, supraspinatus) and stabilizer (supraspinatus/infraspinatus) muscles occurred during stance for these strides. This change is because forelimbs exert stronger braking forces during downhill grades to facilitate anterior-posterior balance.

! For the infraspinatus, ascending the A-frame was as demanding as the jump condition.

Muscular Activation of the Canine ForelimbCourtney de Vries, MPT, BKin


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Limitations: In the study it was difficult to identify the muscle activations relative to the muscle’s maximal capacity. Also, it was difficult to discern the relative contributions among the different muscles during these agility tasks.

Conclusion: The results of this study have provided the first in vivo recordings of muscle activations in dogs performing specific agility tasks. Future work should be done to help increase knowledge on the mechanisms related to shoulder injuries associated with the specific agility tasks.

Laurie’s Blog also discussed this same article. Here are some comments from the blog:

The clinical relevance of this paper:

Does this paper tell us why injuries occur on these pieces of equipment or to which muscles?

NO.

Does this paper guide our clinical decision making?

NOT REALLY.

What is the only fair clinical hypothesis we can take away from this paper as Rehabilitation Professionals?

Be sure to retrain jumping tasks and ascending-descending tasks during your rehabilitation of the Supraspinatus, Biceps Brachii, Infraspinatus, or Long Head of Triceps injuries in an agility dog.

Is this paper a stepping stone for future research?

YES, and maybe that’s where we leave it.

There you have it! I know you were hoping for more, but any other interpretations would be mere speculation and reading into the paper what isn’t really there.

Cheers,

Laurie


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Interdivisional Knowledge-Translation:Canine-Pain Measurement

Sandra-Oxtoby, BKin, MScPT, Dip.Canine Rehab(c)

There is no question, pain is experienced by all mammals. Physiotherapists are trained to objectively recognize, assess and measure pain in human patients. Your colleagues within the Animal Rehab Division have taken that skill and translated it into interpreting pain in their four-legged patients.

What is intriguing is that they can only use FUNCTIONAL, objective measurements. Asking a dog to answer the verbal-analog scale is a bit difficult!

One example is the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI), which is a valid and reliable test questionnaire that is completed by the dog’s owner. Just as a spouse, parent, or caregiver of a human patient is a dependable source for pain information, so is the dog owner.

With this tool, various elements of the canine are evaluated including: mood, willingness to participate, vocalization of discomfort behaviours and of course our favourite…mobility.

What the ARD wants to reiterate for the Pain Sciences Division is FUNCTION should be the primary measurement of pain. Pain levels need to be determined in the way a patient (geriatric, paediatric, canine, equine, etc.) manages and interacts with the world. This is much more accurate than just a moment in time. This mindset leads to a more holistic approach to quality of life management in all-legged patients!

Hielm ,Bjorkman,H.K.,Rita,H.,Tulamo,RFM. Psychometric testing of the Helsinki chronic pain index by completion of questionnaire in Finnish by owners of dogs with chronic signs of pain caused by osteoarthritis. AmJVetRes.70:727F734,2009.

The Helsinki Chronic Pain Index

https://www.fourleg.com/media/Helsinki%20Chronic%20Pain%20Index.pdf

https://www.fourleg.com/media/Helsinki%20Chronic%20Pain%20Index.pdf

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The Equine TMJDonna LaRocque-Hennig, BScPT, CERT, CCRT

A Review of Conditions of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint

H.David Moll, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS; and Kimberly A May, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS

The purpose of this article was to give a brief review of the possible conditions of the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In the beginning it was acknowledged that there is minimal descriptive information of the normal equine TMJ anatomy in veterinary literature. It is a complex di-arthrodial joint divided by a fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc.

The article recognized that conditions of the TMJ, while recognized and well-described in humans is largely unrecognized in horses. Clinical signs of diagnosed TMJ may include dysphagia, malocclusion, localized pain or decreased range of motion of the mandible.

The article reported that some veterinary clinicians have reported a decrease of common behavioural problems including head shaking, quidding (spitting out food), and apparent masticatory problems after intra-articular anesthesia of the TMJ.

The article reviewed diagnostic techniques for TMJ problems and concluded that it was possible to palate swelling and tenderness. X-ray’s are difficult to obtain due to the complexity of the equine skull and difficulty in positioning the head for different views.US will only show the lateral aspect of the joint and the pterygoid ligaments cannot be differentiated from the joint capsule.

CT scans do provide superior imaging of the equine TMJ. MRI provides some advantages over CT but as with CT requires sedation and does not show osseous tissue as well as does CT.

The article speculated, that as with humans, arthroscopic surgery could improve the diagnosis and treatment of equine TMJ conditions.

The article concluded by speculating that TMJ conditions in the equine are more prevalent than suspected and improved methods of diagnosis and treatment need to be considered (isn’t that how ALL articles end?)

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Equine Trunk and Hind Limb ActivitySandra Oxtoby, BKin, MScPT, Canine Dip (C)


Tabor, G., Williams, J. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (2017). Equine Rehabilitation: A Review of Trunk and Hind Limb Muscle Activity and Exercise

Selection. 1-7.

Introduction: Exercise is critical to rehabilitation, which is widely known from the human physiotherapy world. Very limited research and evidence has been presented in the equine world. Exercise research is commonly performed with EMG (electromyographic) studies for exercise prescription.

In humans, a pretest of MVIC (maximal voluntary isometric contraction, or ‘the strongest contraction a muscle can make without moving’) is first established. It is easy to instruct a patient to perform this, however MVIC can never be truly measured in a horse. The reason this is of importance is because therapeutic or beneficial exercises ideally require 40-60% of the maximal neuromuscular activation in order to generate improvement in a muscle.

In Tabor’s research, the goal was to examine the evidence based on muscle recruitment patterns from surface EMG for various muscles, even if MVIC can never be established. Tabor’s aim with the review was to analyze studies of trunk and hind limb activation to help provided evidence based exercise prescription. It is of note that this EMG activity on various muscles in the equine body was of an uninjured population of various breeds.

Longissimus Dorsi (largest epaxial) Walk: largest activation is during stance phase of ipsilateral hind limb. It increases from there linearly with speed (stabilizes the spinal column during dynamic motion). LD has a large increase when horse is introduced to hills, 6% grade and above. This needs to be cautioned as a horse with dorsal spinous process (DSP), the LD will cause extension of the intervertebral joints which increases the occurrence of impingement. Ipsilateral muscle activity increased with decreased circle size.

Rectus AbdominusLarge variations in EMG activity with various speeds and inclines between horses were noted, more than any other muscles. Of important note, this muscle had a high proportion of Type I muscles fibers across all horses.

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Gluteus MediusGM increased in EMG activity when walking on a 10% incline. Significantly less GM recruitment occurs during walking on a 10% downhill grade. The highest level of recruitment occurs when the horse did walk to trot transitions on a hill. Muscle typing found a majority of the fibers to be Type II superficially, and Type I deeper.

HamstringsBiceps femoris was noted to have the second largest muscle mass in the rear end, next to gluteus maximus. However, if you combine all the portions of the hamstrings, it was noted to have 140% of the total force of the gluteus maximus.

QuadricepsVastus lateralis was monitored, and it only saw EMG increase on a 10% grade incline, but not at a 6% incline. Therefore for VL activation to be significant, it is recommended to do more than 10% slope.

LimitationsThere is always the risk of cross- talk between muscle fibers when monitoring EMG activity. The recruitment of various muscles has data collected from uninjured horses, altered EMG may present in horses with pain or unilateral injury.

ConclusionThis information, while combined with human literature can benefit the planning of a equine rehabilitation program. When one specific muscle needs to be targeted, this information can be reviewed.



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Degenerative MyelopathyJosee Greenacre, RVT

DefinitionDegenerative myelopathy (DM), is a chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy, and is sometimes known as German Shepherd myelopathy. It is a slow and progressive degenerative disease that primarily involves the white matter and long tracts of the canine thoracolumbar spinal cord and eventually involves the brainstem and cranial nerves. The closest human equivalent would be ALS.

DM has a slow, insidious onset with a slow progression of weakness. Symptoms often begin in one rear leg, and eventually progress to involve all legs. One of the main indicators of DM is a lack of pain associated with progressive ataxia and weakness.

Clinical signsThe first signs are usually seen in affected dogs at the age of 6 to 9 years, but can be as early as 4 years of age. DM is found almost exclusively in large breed dogs, predominantly in German Shepherds.

Early signs and symptoms:• Mild ataxia • Paresis of the pelvic limbs• Difficulty jumping, running, rising or walking

Advanced signs and symptoms:• Ataxia and paresis progresses to eventual paralysis of hind limbs and can start

to affect the front limbs• Knuckling of hind feet• Dragging toes (this will often cause sores and bleeding on the dorsum of the

feet) • Hindquarters may cross while walking• Spastic and long strided movement of the rear legs• Swaying movement of hips• Weakness is usually bilateral but may not be symmetric and one limb may be

more affected• Atrophy of the spine/hips occurs slowly

Urinary and fecal incontinence is uncommon until late stages.


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Neuro exam/findings:• Usually suggest a lesion in spinal cord segments T3-L3.• Conscious Proprioception (CP) reflex changes• The degree of proprioceptive dysfunction is greater that the degree of

motor dysfunction.• A highly significant finding is that the pain perception from pelvic limbs is

normal and no evidence exists of hyperaesthesia.• Muscle atrophy develops slowly and is clinically apparent only in long-

standing cases.

Diagnosis:

I have found more often than not many clients discuss with their vets and make a diagnosis via clinical signs without using the following diagnostic tools.

• Survey radiography and myelography can be performed to rule out the presence of compressive disease.

• CSF can be collected at time of myelography to help exclude the presence of inflammatory disease.

• The presence of type II (Hansen type II) disk protrusion does not rule out DM.

• Other possible tests: depressed cell-mediated immune response and MRI.

Treatment:

• No known cause and thus no specific treatment has been discovered• Responds poorly to: NASAIDs, corticosteroids and Vitamin B complex• Owner education regarding the progressive nature of the disease• Starting a strengthening and proprioception home exercise program in the

early stages of the disease can prolong mobility and life expectancy• Harnesses for lifting, Biko Brace for better ambulation, wheelchairs (see

the ARD Winter 2017 issue for a complete list)• Underwater Treadmill• Watch for urinary burns and skin breakdown if incontinent

To date, professional canine rehabilitation and exercise is the ONLY treatment that has been shown to improve quality of life and longevity!

The long term prognosis is poor and most animals are euthanized within 6 months to 3 years of diagnosis.

**** Please visit www.VeterinaryPartner.com for more info on this and other disease – great reference website! ****

http://www.VeterinaryPartner.com

http://www.VeterinaryPartner.com


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Canine OA and Platelet TherapySue Van Evra, MSc, BHSc(PT), Dip. Canine Rehab

Fahie MA, Ortolano GA, Guercio V, Schaffer JA, Johnston G, Au J, Hettlich BA, Phillips T, Allen MJ, Bertone AL (2013) A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of autologous platelet therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. JAVMA 243(9): 762-765.

This randomized, controlled clinical trial examined 20 dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) involving a single joint to determine the efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of platelet concentrate for the treatment of OA. Dogs weighed between 40.3 and 140.6 lbs and ranged from 1.5 to 8 years old.

In all dogs, the severity of lameness and pain was scored by their owners using the Hudson VAS and the University of Pennsylvania Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Also, Peak Vertical Force (PVF) was determined with a force platform.

The dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. Dogs in the treatment group were sedated, a blood sample was obtained, platelets recovered, and then injected intra-articularly within 30 mins. The control dogs were sedated and given an intra-articular injection of saline. Assessments were repeated 12 weeks after injection.

Results:(1) Control Dogs – lameness and pain scores and PVF at week 12 were not significantly

different from pre-treatment values.(2) Treatment Dogs – lameness (55% decrease), pain (53% decrease) and PVF (12%

decrease) were significantly improved after 12 weeks.

Conclusion:A single intra-articular injection of platelets resulted in significant improvement at 12 weeks. Further research is needed with a larger sample size, as well as examining more parameters such as a combination of rehabilitation in conjunction with the platelet injections, and longer term benefits.

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Another ARD clinic launch: Equus Physio

A boutique physio clinic located in Cochrane, Alberta, Canada specializing in the assessment and treatment of equestrian and equine athletes by physios: Sandra Oxtoby and Keira Forsyth.

Sandra Oxtoby (ARD Co-Chair) and Keira Forsyth have opened a clinic on March 1, 2017 in Cochrane, Alberta that treats the equestrian athlete in clinic or as part of their mobile clinic at barns or shows. For the equine portion, they are based out of Carousel Stables in Calgary (where the Intro to Equine Rehabilitation course was held in Oct 2016, and will be held again in Oct 2017). Here they have an indoor 20*60m heated arena, 20*60, outdoor arena, exercise equipment in the form of jumps, pool noodles, steps, and hills. They also are mobile for their equine portion within approximately a 100 km driving distance.

The clinic currently offers ultrasound, class 3B laser, shockwave, Kinesio Taping, dry needling, large selection of inventory, online exercise software, and operates completely paperless!

From the public, the most interest already has been in the form of a combined riding assessment clinic. Keira and Sandra both watch the horse and rider for 15 minutes together, then Sandra takes the rider for 30 minute assessment and treatment, while Keira does the same with the horse. Then the two are put back together for 15 minute exercise prescription for them both. Equus Physio is already booked up until the end of the summer with these clinics at barns across Western Canada! www.equusphysio.com


Find an Animal PhysioMake sure you’re listed on the ARD Find a Physio List!


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The ARD had its first major presence at an equine trade show this April. Equus Physio was present to promote their new clinic and received lots of interest. Every year at this trade show, many other associations (massage therapists, vet, body workers and chiros) are always present, so it was nice to have the physios right there with them.

The ARD advocacy committee put together an informative postcard on who the ARD is on one side and a fun home exercise to do with their equine partner on the other.

Hoofpicks were given out to participants of the trade show who visited the booth. They had to give a response to the question “what is one physio exercise you can do with your horse WITH a hoofpick?!”. We had tons of creative answers from horse owners such as using the hoofpick as an assessment technique to see where in the spine the horse was sore, for encouraging pelvic tilts by sliding it along the bum or for weight shifting with pressure. We also had many blank faces of people who never imagined doing exercises off their horse. This was a great way to chat to each person about the ARD and our specialities.

In our next newsletter we’ll give you the answer!

April 21-23, 2017 Red Deer, Alberta

ARD @ The Mane Event


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Schwarz, N., Tichy, A., Peham, C. & Bockstahler, B. (2017). Vertical force distribution in the paws of sound Labrador retrievers during walking. The Veterinary Journal, 221, 16 – 22

Importance:

Most research on canine gait to date has focused on ground reaction force assessment of the entire limb rather than specific to the paw pad. The aim of this study was to investigate vertical force distribution (VFD) of peak vertical force (PFz), vertical impulse (IFz) and timing of PFz (TPFz) during stance phase, specific to paw quadrants.

Methods: The study population included 20 adult Labrador retrievers (12 females and 8 males), determined to be clinically sound based on a complete physical examination. Age ranged from 1.08 –9.25 years (mean ± SD = 4.35 ± 2.48 years) and body weight ranged from 23.0 – 31.0 kg (mean ± SD = 27.2 ± 3.4 kg). Data from a previous study was used and an FDM Type 2 203.2 x 55.88 cm pressure plate in the center of a 7 m runway was used to collect kinetic data. Each study participant walked a minimum of 7 times on the same day over the pressure plate, which measured VFD within paws. Paw prints were then divided into cranio-lateral, cranio-medial, caudo-lateral and caudo-medial quadrants, each of which were equal in size.

Results/Conclusion:

Higher PFz and IFz were observed in the forelimbs as compared to the hindlimbs, while TPFz occurred earlier in the hindlimbs as compared to the forelimbs and earlier in caudal as compared to the cranial quadrants.

A higher PFz and IFz was observed in the cranial and lateral quadrants, as compared to the caudal and medial quadrants.

Higher vertical forces were observed in the front paws. Ratio analysis between cranial and caudal quadrants indicated relative higher vertical forces in the cranial aspects of the hind paws.

With respect to the hindlimbs, maximum TPFz was reached later in the caudo-lateral quadrants as compared to the caudo-medial. There was no difference in TPFz between the medial and lateral quadrants.

When comparing left to right hindlimbs, there was a higher PFz and IFz in the left hindlimb for the cranio-medial quadrant, a higher PFz in the right hindlimb for the caudo-medial quadrant, and a higher IFz of the right forelimb for the lateral side of the cranial quadrants.

Canine Paw BiomechanicsNikita Bouwmeester, BHK, MPT Candidate 2017


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Limitations:

The results of this study can only be applied to clinically sound Labrador retriever breeds.

Additionally, data collected involved the dogs walking in straight lines over flat ground, so results found may not carry over to uneven surfaces, varying slopes, and directional changes during gait. Future study should investigate other dog breeds and the effects of varied study conditions, as well as the differences in VFD between clinically sound dogs and those who are injured.

Significance to Practice:

Gaining an understanding of the biomechanics of gait in a clinically sound study population is important for understanding areas of the canine body that may be at a higher risk of injury. With information on typical gait biomechanics, post injury compensation may be easier to predict and understand, as well as the risk for secondary complications and/or injuries that may result from compensation.

Congratulationsto Paula Wileman of Thornhill, ON

for completing her Diploma in Canine Rehab!

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Animal Rehab Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Assn, Box 2001, Cochrane, AB, T4C 1B8 Ph./Fax: 403-932-4432 - E-mail: [email protected]

Animal Rehab Division Position Statement: Acupuncture and Dry Needling of Animal Patients by Physiotherapists Engaged in Animal Rehabilitation Practice, Accepted February 2017. Physical therapists with training and certification in acupuncture and/or dry needling techniques who are additionally credentialed in animal (canine or equine) rehabilitation / physiotherapy are competent and capable of administering needling techniques to the animal patient for the purpose of treating musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardio-respiratory disorders or as a measure to improve functional health status. Background: Acupuncture and Dry Needling are physical modalities commonly used in human physiotherapy practice for musculoskeletal, neurological and cardio-respiratory disorders. Physiotherapists use clinical reasoning based on initial assessment findings and best available evidence to select the interventions and therapies used within their treatment plan. Treatment effectiveness is evaluated via outcome–based measures, which inform selection of interventions throughout the duration of treatment. The Canadian Physiotherapy Association position statement on acupuncture and dry needling offers the following: “Acupuncture has been utilized as a physiotherapy intervention in Canada since the 1980s. In recent years, physiotherapists have also incorporated additional dry needling techniques, such as Intra Muscular Stimulation (IMS) within their practice.” 1 Physiotherapist have a strong background in anatomy, physical evaluation, clinical reasoning, and physical diagnosis. Animal rehabilitation training programs are available for physiotherapists to learn animal anatomy, conditions, and pathologies, enabling physiotherapists to transfer their physiotherapy skills and knowledge to an animal patient. A multitude of educational resources for physical therapists to learn the practice of acupuncture and/or dry needling on people exist in Canada and world-wide. Additional courses are available for physiotherapists to learn to localize acupoints on animals. All education combined provided physiotherapists with the skills and knowledge to utilize acupuncture and dry needling techniques to an animal. __________ Resources 1. The Canadian Physiotherapy Association, Position Statement: Acupuncture and the Use of Dry Needling

Techniques in Physiotherapy, Approved June 2006. https://physiotherapy.ca/sites/default/files/positionstatements/acupuncture-and-the-use-of-dry-needling-techniques-in-physiotherapy_en-doc.pdf

__________ i. The term ‘dry needling’ refers to therapeutic techniques using solid needles, and does not include injection

of a substance into the tissues.


ARD NEWSLETTER SPRING 2017

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The Animal Rehab Division is promoting student involvement in both animal rehab and our division by introducing a new student scholarship program.

The ARD will award up to 4 scholarships per year to Canadian Physiotherapy students. Successful submissions have a choice of the following 2 scholarships:

Scholarship 1

• Canine or Equine Home Study Program ($317) & one year free membership in the ARD

Scholarship 2

• $250 pre-paid Visa card, copy of Successful Practitioners in Canine Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, and one year free membership in the ARD

Requirements

• Successful completion of ONE of the following tasks

• Currently enrolled in a Canadian University Physiotherapy Program or new Physiotherapy graduates who have completed their course work in the last year. Maximum of one award per applicant.

• Winners will be announced in Jan. 2018, in the ARD newsletter and our Facebook page.

THE NEW ARD STUDENT SCHOLARSHIPS

Completed electronic applications should be submitted to: [email protected]

Deadline for submission: December 1, 2017

Applications will be scored on content, style, use of video/You Tube (if appropriate), pictures and originality.

Successful applications will be published in the ARD newsletter.

Choose 1 of the following tasks, be creative and have fun!

1. Create a YouTube Video explaining what Animal Rehab is all about.

2. Shadow a practicing ARD member and create a video or article about your experience.

3. Complete a summary of 2 veterinary research papers related to rehabilitation.

4. Perform a literature review on commonly used outcome measures in canine or equine rehab.

5. Develop hand-outs for owners illustrating at least 5 commonly used exercises for a variety of conditions (canine or equine), in conjunction with videos of the same exercises available to ARD members via YouTube.

6. Write a 2-3 page article for the ARD newsletter on any topic of your choice. Article must be referenced, have corresponding photographs and may have a YouTube link.


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ARD BROCHURES!

For ARD Members!

The ARD has new, personalized, Canine Rehabilitation Brochures available for purchase.

A professional and informative way to introduce canine rehab to your clients. This brochure is designed to give information to the public about your rehab services. Printed in colour, on high

quality paper, these individualized brochures can help to promote your practice. Your name, contact and clinic information included.

Cost:

25 Brochures - $40 + applicable tax




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Canine Rehab Brochure Order Form

Name: __________________________________________________________________

Name and Credentials as you want them to appear on the brochure:

________________________________________________________________________

Other Information as you want it to appear (clinic name, hours, fees, if applicable):

________________________________________________________________________

Contact Information as you want it to appear (phone, fax, e-mail, website, etc):

________________________________________________________________________

Mailing Address:___________________________________________________________

E-mail: __________________________________________________________________

Phone: (Home)___________________________ (Cell)____________________________

A pdf proof will be sent to you electronically to ensure all information is accurate before printing.

I am ordering:

25 Brochures - $40 + applicable tax __________

50 Brochures - $60 + applicable tax ___________

100 Brochures - $100 + applicable tax ___________

Payment:

1. Credit Card: Visa/MC #_______________________________ Expiry_________ CV________

Name on Credit Card_____________________________________

2. PayPal: ____ Please invoice me through PayPal (secure online banking).

Fax form to (613) 258-7661or Email to [email protected]



ARD NEWSLETTER FALL 2016

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With over 17 years’ experience, and globally-recognized as experts in our field, SpectraVET specializes in the design & manufacture of veterinary therapeutic lasers offering professionals the largest range of output powers and wavelengths available.

We will provide you with the best-value laser system for your specific needs, and the information you need to use it safely and effectively.

Delivering light ...where it’s needed.

[email protected]

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SpectraVET_Ad_ARD.pdf 1 11/12/13 4:51 PM

SpectraVET™ Therapeutic Lasers offer reliable, effective and affordable treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and conditions commonly suffered by performance animals, pets and wildlife alike.

Designed for portable operation, SpectraVET’s PRO-series and ZEUS laser control units are lightweight and simple to operate, yet rugged and powerful enough for the most demanding user.

SpectraVET designs and manufactures a wide and growing range of continuous wave and super-pulsed hand-pieces, each designed specifically for a particular application, such as multi-diode probes for covering large areas more quickly, and single-diode probes for precisely targeting pathologies, trigger points, acupuncture points, and for intra-oral/-aural applications.

Large or small animal, general or specialty practice, we can configure a SpectraVET system to best suit your particular clinical and budgetary needs. We even cater for exotics, and can customize our probes' powers and wavelengths to accommodate unique clinical, research and OEM requirements.

ARD NEWSLETTER FALL 2016

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Are$you$like$so$many$of$the$rest$of$your$canine$rehab$colleagues$out$there?$

• $$You$took$the$courses.$• $$You$obtained$your$cer9fica9on.$• $$You$had$good$inten9ons$of$applying$your$knowledge,$but$$then$daily$life$and$rou9nes$got$in$the$way!$• $$You$forgot$what$you$learned.$• $$You$wonder$if$there$was$more$you$should$have$learned.$

Thus,$leaving$you$with$the$realiza9on$that$you$now$have$more$ques9ons$than$answers!$

If$ this$ describes$ you,$ or$ you$ are$ someone$ simply$ looking$ for$ more$ canine$ rehab$educa9onal$ resources,$ on$ a$ regular$ basis,$ and$ from$ the$ convenience$ of$ your$ own$home…$

Then$I$have$a$resource$for$you!$

www.fourleg.com (Pssst… Ask around! You’ll find others who are members!)

You$will$find$a$blog,$some$open$access$educa9onal$materials$&$most$importantly$a$place$to$sign$up$to$receive$eFblasts$of$educa9onal$informa9on$delivered$weekly.$For$those$ craving$more,$ there$ is$ a$membership$ side$ to$ the$website$ (to$ access$ tons$of$informa9on$ that$ I$ have$ created$ and/or$ presented$ in$ the$ past$ (and$ present)$ and$weekly$ educa9onal$ ‘programming’$ –$ videos,$ audios,$ ar9cles,$ and$ a$ regular$newsleNer),$ plus$ opportunity$ to$ purchase$ addi9onal$ informa9onal$ /$ educa9onal$products,$and$for$members;$discounts$on$FourLeg$products$and$some$discounts$on$products$from$select$vendors$(with$more$to$come).$

Let$me$know$what$you$WANT$to$see,$and$I’ll$do$my$best$to$create$it$for$you!$

Laurie Edge-Hughes, BScPT, MAnimSt(Animal Physio), CAFCI, CCRT


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FALL 2017 Newsletter

Our next newsletter will be all about shoulders. If you have any burning questions, or any ideas or topics of what you would like to see in upcoming newsletters, we would love to hear

from you!

Newsletter Editor: Carrie Smith

[email protected]

Animal Rehab Insurance

Members should be aware that AON is no longer our insurance carrier. The ARD has changed companies along with CPA to the BMS Group. Information on new policies can be found on the

CPA/ARD website.

http://www.cpa.bmsgroup.com/en/coverage-for-animal-rehabilitation-therapists

A BIG THANK-YOU!

The ARD would like to say a big thank-you to our course sponsors,

FourLeg Rehab Inc. and SpectraVet Lasers.

FourLeg and SpectraVet have graciously donated to our Intro and Advanced Canine Rehab courses which allows us to continue to run courses for our members.

Follow us on Facebook

For all kinds of great clinical ideas and to keep up with what’s happening in the ever evolving world of animal rehab, follow us on Facebook.

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Animal-Rehab-Division/305488696135603?ref=hl

One Last Thing…







ard summer 2017 - physiotherapy · nikita bouwmeester student rep, ... bethany bass new! treasurer...

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