ardis ann moe, m.d. ucla care clinic/nevhc hiv clinic van nuys. 29 august 2014 [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
To describe the major side effects of HIV treatment
To know useful lab tests for HIV side effect monitoring
To review case studies of how to choose initial HIV regimen, and what regimen to switch to in the event of side effects
Benefits of treatment
Fuzeon causes painful lumps on the skin that persist for weeks
Shots need to be done twice daily
Selzentry rarely causes rash; can cause orthostatic hypotension, nausea, dizziness. Cannot be used in kidney failure
As a class, they are associated with liver problems: lactic acidosis, fatty liver disease
Pancreatitis—rare in most of the nucs, common in Videx and Zerit
Most common nucleotide backbone of most HIV cocktails (part of truvada)
Causes kidney damage Causes bone thinning Occasional GI upset
Emtriva (part of truvada) Essentially as safe as Epivir, but more rash
Epivir likely the safest of all the nucs
Abacavir: as noted, an allergic reaction for persons with genetic trait: HLAB5701
Can cause headaches
Combination drug Epzicom can cause more nausea than either drug alone
AZT; Zidovudine: Anemia, low white cells, fatigue, headache, nausea. Muscle wasting: “AZT butt”
Facial wasting, fat loss on legs and arms
Stavudine (Zerit) Neuropathy, facial wasting, fat loss in legs
and arms. Side effects start after 5 months or more of
use—can be used as a “bridge” drug
As a class, they all cause rash and liver inflammation
Sustiva (part of Atripla) Causes depression, suicidality, panic
attacks, insomnia (interferes with REM sleep), vivid dreams, elevated cholesterol and triglycerides.
Controversy on whether it causes birth defects
Sold on streets as alternative to LSD
Viramune Most likely to cause severe rash (Stevens
Johnson syndrome). Proper dosing when starting medication can make rash less likely
Intelence Vivid dreams, gritty taste
Edurant Some depression, some vivid dreams.
As a class they all cause diarrhea and occasional vivid dreams.
Rarely they cause depression
Isentress; most likely to cause diarrhea
Elvitegravir; as part of Stribild, has drug interactions and risk of kidney and bone damage. Also causes diarrhea
Tivicay; drug interactions, diarrhea
As a class they all cause diabetes and insulin resistance.
They all cause diarrhea and GI upset
The older drugs also raise cholesterol, triglycerides significantly (Crixivan, Invirase, Viracept, Kaletra) and can cause fat accumulation (lipodystrophy)
For older drugs, risk of lipodystrophy 75% after 2 years of use. Approx 5% for newer PI’s
Reyataz: can also cause yellow eyes (jaundice)
May cause confusion about liver function when patients have chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C
Lexiva, Prezista have significant risk of skin rash
Prezista has the worse GI side effects of all the newer PI’s
Abacavir: HLA B5701 genetic marker of allergic reaction
Kidney function tests: creatinine and urinalysis, especially for patients on truvada or Viread containing regimens
Liver function tests: Bilirubin (jaundice test) usually around 2-3
in persons on reyataz. If >3.5 then alternatives to reyataz should be used
ALT, AST especially for patients on non- nucleosides
Note that hepatitis B usually gets better on certain HIV medications (Viread, truvada, Epivir, Emtriva)
Hepatitis C can get better on any effective HIV cocktail. (note jaundice risk with reyataz)
CBC with platelets and differential◦ Low platelets (bleeding risk) can improve within a
few days of starting an effective HIV drug regimen◦ AZT can initially worsen, and then improve
anemia◦ AZT can cause low white cells especially in patient
with advanced AIDS
Hemoglobin A1c, glucose Especially for patients on PI’s
Cholesterol, triglycerides◦ Especially for patients on atripla and PI’s
Plan A: “A pill A day for type A personalities” Atripla, Complera, Stribild, Triumeq◦ Low barrier to resistance◦ NOT for patients who are unreliable about
medications or appointments
Plan B: “Boosted protease inhibitor for batty buddies on the brink”◦ Most useful when you have patients with OI or
AIDS cancers OR mentally ill patients OR patients with other adherence risks
◦ Reyataz/norvir/truvada◦ Prezista/norvir/truvada
High barriers to resistance. May aggravate diabetes Can substitute epzicom for truvada if there is kidney
damage
Plan C: “Curses, I forgot the Contraception” Kaletra and Combivir (AZT/epivir) First choice for pregnant women with HIV
Plan D: for Drug-drug interactions OR DARN I stuck myself
Isentress +truvada Has fewest drug interactions Preferred drugs for needlestick injuries
Diabetic:
Triumeq (dolutegravir/lamivudine/abacavir)
Stribild Atripla Complera Isentress/truvada
◦ Recall that the above 4 cocktails all contain tenofovir, which can damage kidneys
Kaletra/Combivir Prezista/Norvir/Epzicom Isentress/Epzicom
32 yo homeless man, HIV+ new diagnosis. Alcoholic, depressed, Cr 2.3 (normal 1.2).
Hepatitis C. What drugs would you try to AVOID. What initial labs do you need to make a
drug choice decision?
65 yo male new dx of HIV infection. Hx of cardiac disease. On amiroidarone and
warfarin (coumadin).normal kidney function Takes medications regularly What HIV medications do you need to
AVOID? What drug cocktails can be used in him?
31 yo pregnant woman with HIV and hepatitis C.
What are her best choices of HIV meds?
45 yo male, new dx of HIV. Bad heartburn, has to take twice daily
protonix. Reliable on taking meds Diabetic, on insulin What HIV meds should he AVOID? What cocktails can he use?
23 yo male with HIV, on atripla for 2 years. Has creatinine increased from 1.2 to 1.5 in the past 6 months. Chronic depression, insomnia.
What other tests do you need to perform in order to change meds?
What other questions do you need to ask before changing meds?
What would be his choices for HIV meds?
34 yo homeless man, new diagnosis of AIDS, severely anemic, +HLA B5701, Cr 2.3 (kidney damage), and severe MAC infection with CD4 count <10 and HIV RNA PCR >100,000 on admission
55 yo female with AIDS and CMV retinitis, going blind with syphilis. Homeless, cocaine addict. Normal Cr. Resistant to truvada and reyataz and norvir. CD4 count <50, HIV viral load >100,000
How would you decide what, and when to change HIV meds?
31 yo male, dx AIDS and MAC 6 months ago. Has tried multiple HIV meds.CD4 count <10, HIV RNA PCR >100,000
Allergic to efavirenz, neviripine, intelence, abacavir, truvada, norvir, prezista, kaletra, lexiva, reyataz.
What drug cocktails can still be used?
24 yo MSM male, pre-med student, discovers he is HIV+
2 hours of counseling to prevent suicide in clinic
Later becomes a HIV testing counselor, a medical student, and then a successful physician.
Married, and now has adopted four children.
AIDS patient in his 50’s, doing well, discovers that he is the only adult child willing to care for his demented evangelical homophobic minister father.
Dad moves into the apartment, overlooking the Gay Pride route in West Hollywood.
Dad looks out the window: “I think I hate those people but I forgot why”.
Decide first if a patient is Plan A, B, C or D. Evaluate renal function, diabetes issues,
hepatitis, allergies, severity of HIV disease, mental illness.
Consider resistance issues and evaluate patient for ability to take medications.
Tailor HIV medications to patient’s profile Getting older also means getting revenge!
