ARDUINO BASED SPWM THREE PHASE FULL

BRIDGE INVERTER FOR VARIABLE SPEED

DRIVE APPLICATION

MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN MUHAMAD AZMI

MASTER OF ENGINEERING（ELECTRONICS)

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

DECLARATION OF THESIS COPYRIGHT

Author’s full name :MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN MUHAMAD AZMI

Date of birth :14 DECEMBER 1988

Title : ARDUINO BASED SPWM THREE PHASE FULL

BRIDGE INVERTER

FOR VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE APPLICATION

Academic Session :2015/2016

I declare that this thesis is classified as:

CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official

Secret Act 1972)* RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the

organization where research was done) OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis to be published as online open

access (full text)

I acknowledged that Universiti Malaysia Pahang reserves the right as follows:

1. The thesis is the property of Universiti Malaysia Pahang.

2. The Library of Universiti Malaysia Pahang has the right to make copies

for the purpose of research only.

3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange.

Certified by,

(Student’s Signature)

Date: (Supervisor’s Signature)

Date:

ii

SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION

We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is adequate

in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Master of Engineering in

Electronics.

______________________

(Supervisor’s Signature)

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POSITION :

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STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries

which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or

concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia Pahang or any other

institutions.

(Author’s Signature)

FULL NAME : MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN MUHAMAD AZMI

STUDENT ID : MEL 13001

DATE :

ARDUINO BASED SPWM THREE PHASE FULL BRIDGE INVERTER FOR

VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE APPLICATION

MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN MUHAMAD AZMI

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

Master of Engineering (Electronics)

Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

JULY 2016

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION Page

TITLE PAGE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

DEDICATION ii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 4

1.3 Research Objectives 5

1.4 Scope of the Study 5

1.5 Thesis Organization 6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 8

2.2 Power Electronics Application 8

2.3 Sinisoidal Pulse Width Modulation 9

2.4 Digital Controller Selection 11

2.4.1 Current Utilization of Arduino in Power Electronics 14

2.5 Variable Speed Drive 16

2.6 Summary of The Chapter 17

vii

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 19

3.2 Voltage Source Inverter Design 21

3.2.1 SINE-PWM Technique 23 3.2.2 Voltage Source Inverter Experimental Setup 32

3.3 Variable Speed Drive Design 33

3.3.1 Scalar Control 36 3.3.2 Variable Speed Drive Experimental Setup 37

3.4 Data Collection 38

3.5 Summary of The Chapter 42

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction 43

4.2 Realization of Voltage Source Inverter 44

4.2.1 Simulink Result 44 4.2.2 Arduino IDE Result 47

4.2.3 Arduino-Simulink and Arduino IDE 48 4.3 Variable Speed Drive Implementation 51

4.4 Arduino Performance 54

4.5 Discussion 60

4.6 Summary of the Chapter 62

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions 64

5.2 Statement of Contribution 65

5.3 Recommendation 66

REFERENCES 67

viii

APPENDICES

A ARDUINO CODE FOR VSI 74

B ARDUINO CODE FOR VSD 76

C ARDUINO CODE FOR ARDUINO PERFORMANCE 79

D PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCES 82

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

2.1 Cost Estimation for Digital Controller 15

3.1 Arduino DUE specification summary 22

3.2 Sine Look-up-table array 26

3.3 Data for VSI Experiment 33

3.4 VSD Design Specification 36

3.5 Arduino Performance Design Parameter 38

4.1 Simulation Result for 3.5 V/F ratio 46

4.2 Comparison between Arduino-Simulink and Arduino-IDE 50

4.3 VSD Experimental Result for 3.5 V/F ratio 53

4.4 Modulation Index and THD value 54

4.5 Number of Sample and THD value 55

4.6 Number of Sample and Memory Usage 55

4.7 Number of Sample, Switching Frequency with THD result 57

x

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1.1. Power Electronics System Application 2

1.2. Basic 3-Phase Inverter Block Diagram 3

2.1. SPWM Waveform 11 2.2. Literature Gap Analysis 18

3.1. Research Flow Chart 20

3.2. VSI Basic Block Diagram 21

3.3. Arduino DUE development board 22

3.4. PWM Timer and Counter 23

3.5. PWM Average Output in Percentage 25

3.6. Three steps to generate LUT for phase a. (a) sin(x) (b)2049 sin (x)

(c) 2049 sin (x) + 2049 27

3.7. Three Phase SPWM waveform signal 28

3.8. Three Phase waveform in Degree 29

3.9. VSI Flow Chart 31

3.10. VSI Experimental Setup 32

3.11. VSD Flow Chart 34

3.12. Block Diagram for IM-VSD System 35

3.13. VSD Experimental Setup 37

3.14. Close Loop Simulation Setup 39

3.15. (a) Sine Wave Data Function Block Parameter (b) Sawtooth

Generator Function Block Parameter 40

3.16. Reference Frequency Source Block Parameter 40

3.17. (a) Inverter IGBT Block Parameter (b) Induction Motor Block

Parameter 41

xi

3.18. Experimental Setup for Arduino Performance 41

4.1. SPWM Simulink Signal Generation 44

4.2. 3 Phase Sinusoidal Simulink Signal Generation 45

4.3. Voltage and Current Signal from the IM Simulink Generation 45

4.4. Speed and Torque Signal from the IM Simulink Generation 46

4.5. PWM VSI for phase A (CH1), phase B (CH2) and phase C (CH3) 47

4.6. DAC waveform of Phase A (CH2) and Phase B (CH3) 48 4.7. Memory usage of Arduino-Simulink and Arduino IDE 49

4.8. (a) SPWM Signal with Arduino-Simulink (b) SPWM Signal with

Arduino-IDE (c) PWM Signal for 1 cycle at 1s with Arduino-

Simulink (d) PWM Signal for 1 cycle at 20 ms with Arduino-IDE 49

4.9. PWM waveform (CH1), DAC output (CH2), Phase Voltage AB

(line-line) (CH3) and Current waveform (CH4) for Phase A of IM 51

4.10. PWM waveform (CH1), DAC output (CH2), and Current waveform

(CH4) for Phase A of IM at 60 Hz 52

4.11. Graph of Current for Phase A and Speed of IM 53

4.12. Graph of Sample with Memory Consumption 56

4.13. Graph THD vs Sample with Switching Frequency 58

4.14. Graph selected of THD vs Frequency Switching with Sample Value 58

4.15. Current Signal with no of samples 9 59 4.16. Current Signal with number of samples 18 60

xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ARM Advance RISC Microcontroller

ADC Analog to Digital Converter

AC Alternating Current

CSI

DC

Current Source Inverter

Direct Current

DAC

DSP

FPGA

Digital to Analog Converter

Digital Signal Processing

Field-Programmable Gate Array

MOSFET

PWM

IDE

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

Pulse Width Modulation

Integrated Development Environment

IGBT

SPWM

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

Sine-PWM

SVPWM

Space Vector PWM

THD

Total Harmonic Distortion

VSD

VSI

Variable Speed Drive

Voltage Source Inverter