80%80%80%80%

7%7%7%7%

5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5% 3%3%3%3%

MAIN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MAIN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MAIN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MAIN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

IN 2011.IN 2011.IN 2011.IN 2011.

0000

20202020

40404040

60606060

80808080

100100100100

120120120120

140140140140

160160160160

1996199619961996 1998199819981998 2000200020002000 2002200220022002 2004200420042004 2006200620062006 2008200820082008 2010201020102010

SOYA; 73,3

CORN; 46,8

COTTON; 21

RAPESEED; 7

MillionHectares

HECTARES CULTIVATED WITH MAIN GENETICALLY HECTARES CULTIVATED WITH MAIN GENETICALLY HECTARES CULTIVATED WITH MAIN GENETICALLY HECTARES CULTIVATED WITH MAIN GENETICALLY

MODIFIED CROPS. EVOLUTION.MODIFIED CROPS. EVOLUTION.MODIFIED CROPS. EVOLUTION.MODIFIED CROPS. EVOLUTION.

49%49%49%49%

31%31%31%31%

14%14%14%14%

5%5%5%5% 1%1%1%1%

MAIN GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSMAIN GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSMAIN GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPSMAIN GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS

ININININ 2011201120112011....

SOYASOYASOYASOYA CORNCORNCORNCORN COTTONCOTTONCOTTONCOTTON RAPESEEDRAPESEEDRAPESEEDRAPESEED BEET ROOT, LUCERNE, PAPAYA AND OTHERSBEET ROOT, LUCERNE, PAPAYA AND OTHERSBEET ROOT, LUCERNE, PAPAYA AND OTHERSBEET ROOT, LUCERNE, PAPAYA AND OTHERS

WHAT AREWHAT AREWHAT AREWHAT ARE

GENETICALLY MODIFIED GENETICALLY MODIFIED GENETICALLY MODIFIED GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODSFOODSFOODSFOODS????

Genetically Modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms modified through genetic engineering.

In other words, GM foods have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering in order to produce foods with a specific characteristic.

HOW HAS THE PRODUCTION HOW HAS THE PRODUCTION HOW HAS THE PRODUCTION HOW HAS THE PRODUCTION

INCREASEDINCREASEDINCREASEDINCREASED????China was the first country to grow a commercial genetically modified crop-transgenic tobacco in 1992. In 1994, the transgenic Flavr Savr tomato

was grown genetically engineered for human consumption. In 1995, 200,000 hectares of genetically modified food were grown. In

1996, the number increased to 1,7 millions hectares. Since then, it has not stopped increasing.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

MillionHectares

PRODUCTION INCREASEPRODUCTION INCREASEPRODUCTION INCREASEPRODUCTION INCREASE

THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

. C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

. C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

24,12%24,12%24,12%24,12%

1,48%1,48%1,48%1,48%

11,04%11,04%11,04%11,04%

0,26%0,26%0,26%0,26%

BOLIVIABOLIVIABOLIVIABOLIVIA

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINESPHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES

MYANMAR MYANMAR MYANMAR MYANMAR …………

% % % % GM CROPPED BY COUNTRYGM CROPPED BY COUNTRYGM CROPPED BY COUNTRYGM CROPPED BY COUNTRY

80%80%80%80%

MonsantoMonsantoMonsantoMonsanto AventisAventisAventisAventis SyngentaSyngentaSyngentaSyngenta BASFBASFBASFBASF DuPontDuPontDuPontDuPont

ARE ARE ARE ARE GENETICALLY GENETICALLY GENETICALLY GENETICALLY

MODIFIED FOODS MODIFIED FOODS MODIFIED FOODS MODIFIED FOODS HELPFULHELPFULHELPFULHELPFUL????

DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODS

MILLIONS HECTARES GROWN IMILLIONS HECTARES GROWN IMILLIONS HECTARES GROWN IMILLIONS HECTARES GROWN IN 2011.N 2011.N 2011.N 2011.

THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE THEY DON'T SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF PROBLEM OF PROBLEM OF PROBLEM OF

HUNGRY IN THE WORLDHUNGRY IN THE WORLDHUNGRY IN THE WORLDHUNGRY IN THE WORLD

According to Greenpeace, it is a matter of unfairness both in thedistribution and in the acces tothe foods. It is also a matter of

culture and human rights.

Some of the foodexporting and importingcountries are those with

a significant rate of extreme poverty and

hunger.For instance: Argentina

Second producing and exportingcountry of soybean in the world.

1/2 of its populationlive in poverty.

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

. C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

. C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

42,40%42,40%42,40%42,40%

49,67%49,67%49,67%49,67%

76,45%76,45%76,45%76,45%

6,71%6,71%6,71%6,71%

23,05%23,05%23,05%23,05%

3,50%3,50%3,50%3,50%

71,79%71,79%71,79%71,79%

12,74%12,74%12,74%12,74%

16,05%16,05%16,05%16,05%

69,14%69,14%69,14%69,14%

24,12%24,12%24,12%24,12%

USAUSAUSAUSA

BRAZILBRAZILBRAZILBRAZIL

ARGENTINAARGENTINAARGENTINAARGENTINA

INDIAINDIAINDIAINDIA

CANADACANADACANADACANADA

CHINACHINACHINACHINA

PARAGUAYPARAGUAYPARAGUAYPARAGUAY

PAKISTANPAKISTANPAKISTANPAKISTAN

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA

URUGUAYURUGUAYURUGUAYURUGUAY

BOLIVIABOLIVIABOLIVIABOLIVIA

COUNTRIES WHERE COUNTRIES WHERE COUNTRIES WHERE COUNTRIES WHERE GM FOODS ARE GM FOODS ARE GM FOODS ARE GM FOODS ARE

BANNEDBANNEDBANNEDBANNED::::� Ten countries in the EU have

banned the planting of GM foods: France, Germany, Austria, Greece,Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Hungary, Italy and Bulgaria.

� Spain is the only European country where the planting of GM foods is allowed.

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODS

�Nutrition improvement�Greater crops productivity�Fresher foods�Herbicide resistant crops�Increase in the crops productivity�Reduction in agricultural cost�Preserving natural biodiversity�Droght and stress tolerant crops

OF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODSOF GM FOODS� New toxins and allergens in food-potential risk of

allergy.� Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes- reduced

effectiveness of certain medicines.� Dissemination of diseases across the species barriers.� Herbicide-resistance weeds which have been

genetically engineered could invade the fields, thus substituting the less competitive traditional plants.

� Biodiversity loss-Biological Balance Disruption.� Increase in the use of chemical products on plants-

increase in the levels of water and foods pollution.� Transfer to the future generations of artificially

induced characteristics with inevitable imperfections.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONIt is a fact that GM crops are more productive and costIt is a fact that GM crops are more productive and costIt is a fact that GM crops are more productive and costIt is a fact that GM crops are more productive and cost----effective. effective. effective. effective. However, they are not the solution to the world hungry.However, they are not the solution to the world hungry.However, they are not the solution to the world hungry.However, they are not the solution to the world hungry.From an economic point of view, it is the manufacturing From an economic point of view, it is the manufacturing From an economic point of view, it is the manufacturing From an economic point of view, it is the manufacturing industries the ones that benefit from these crops.industries the ones that benefit from these crops.industries the ones that benefit from these crops.industries the ones that benefit from these crops.It can be claimed that the production of GM crops will continue to It can be claimed that the production of GM crops will continue to It can be claimed that the production of GM crops will continue to It can be claimed that the production of GM crops will continue to increase in the next few years, which will enlarge the economic increase in the next few years, which will enlarge the economic increase in the next few years, which will enlarge the economic increase in the next few years, which will enlarge the economic and social differences and social differences and social differences and social differences among people among people among people among people as the world is ruled by as the world is ruled by as the world is ruled by as the world is ruled by capitalism and not by the concepts of justice and equality.capitalism and not by the concepts of justice and equality.capitalism and not by the concepts of justice and equality.capitalism and not by the concepts of justice and equality.

SOURCES: SOURCES: SOURCES: SOURCES: Clive James; ISAAA; Greenpeace; Semillas y Salud (Seeds and health); datos.bancomundial.org; PALT(Platform Andalusia free of GM foods); ecoportal.net; www.transgenicos.cl

Bac

kgro

un

dB

ackg

rou

nd

Bac

kgro

un

dB

ackg

rou

nd: : : : C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

. C

OU

NT

RIE

S G

RO

WIN

G G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S V

S C

OU

NT

RIE

S W

HER

E G

ENET

ICA

LLY

MO

DIF

IED

FO

OD

S A

RE

BA

NN

ED.

CO

UN

TR

IES

GR

OW

ING

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

VS

CO

UN

TR

IES

WH

ERE

GEN

ETIC

ALL

Y M

OD

IFIE

D F

OO

DS

AR

E B

AN

NED

.