11

Are students ready for a Are students ready for a technology-rich world? technology-rich world?

What PISA studies tell usWhat PISA studies tell us

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)Development (OECD)

Results from Programme for International Student Assessment Results from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003(PISA) 2003

Andreas SchleicherAndreas SchleicherOECD/OECD/Directorate for EducationDirectorate for Education

22Under embargo until

24 January 2006, 11:00 Paris time

33 Are students ready for a technology-rich world?

First internationally comparative data on: The opportunities 15-year-old students

have for using computers at home and at school

How they use computers and their attitudes to them;

The relationship between computer use and performance in key school subjects.

4444

OECD countries participating from PISA 2000

OECD countries participating from PISA from 2003

OECD partner countries participating from PISA 2000

OECD partner countries participating from PISA 2003

OECD partner countries participating from PISA 2006

PISA country participationKey features of PISA 2003Information collected

Volume of the tests3½ hours of mathematics assessment1 hour for each of reading, science and problem solving

Each student2 hours on paper-and-pencil tasks (subset of all

questions)½ hour for questionnaire on background, learning

habits, learning environment, engagement and motivation, computer use

School principalsquestionnaire (school demography, learning environment quality)

CoveragePISA covers roughly nine tens of the world economyRepresentative samples of between 3,500 and 50,000

students

55

Access to computers at school has increased rapidly between PISA 2000

and PISA 2003…

66 Access to computers

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

75

100

Denm

ark

Lie

chtenstein

Australia

Canada

New

Zeala

nd

Hungary

Sw

eden

Fin

land

Unit

ed S

tates

Thailand

Czech R

epublic

Sw

itzerla

nd

Germ

any

Belg

ium

Latvia

Irela

nd

Mexic

o

Russia

n F

ederatio

n

Unit

ed K

ingdom

1

At home

At school

PISA 2003 PISA 2000

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Figure 2.5, , Figure 2.5, p.22.p.22.

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability.

77

…but in some countries students still have only limited opportunity to use

computers at school.

88 Number of computers per student (PISA 2003)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Liec

hten

stei

n

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Aus

tral

ia

Kore

a

Hun

gary

New

Zea

land

Hon

g Ko

ng-C

hina

Aus

tria

Cana

da

Japa

n

Den

mar

k

Luxe

mbo

urg

Icel

and

Nor

way

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Finl

and

Sw

eden

Belg

ium

Net

herl

ands

Ital

yM

acao

-Chi

na

Czec

h Re

publ

ic

Irel

and

Mex

ico

Gre

ece

Spa

in

Ger

man

y

Port

ugal

Slo

vak

Repu

blic

Pola

nd

Latv

ia

Tha

iland

Uru

guay

Indo

nesi

a

Tur

key

Ser

bia

Russ

ian

Fede

rati

on

Braz

il

Tun

isia

Uni

ted

King

dom

1

More than 10 students per computer

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Figure 2.8, , Figure 2.8, p.27.p.27.

5 or fewer students per computer

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability.

99 School principals’ reports on shortage of computers for instruction

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Nor

way

Mex

ico

Spa

in

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Sw

eden

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Den

mar

k

Can

ada

Bel

gium

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

New

Zea

land

Jap

an

Fin

land

Net

herl

ands

1

Aus

tria

Aus

tral

ia

Ger

man

y

Icel

and

Ital

y

Hun

gary

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Luxe

mbou

rg

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Kor

ea

Percentage of students in schools whose principals report that instruction is hindered by a shortage of computers for instruction

PISA 2003 PISA 2000

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Figure 2.9, , Figure 2.9, p.29.p.29.

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability for PISA 2000.

2. Response rate too low to ensure comparability for PISA 2003.

1010

Access to computers at school is more universal than access to computers at

home, but students report using computers much more frequently at

home.

1111Canada

Iceland

Sweden

Liechtenstein

Australia

Korea

Denmark

Belgium

United States

Germany

Switzerland

Austria

New Zealand

FinlandPortugalI talyCzech RepublicHungary

Slovak Republic

I reland

Poland

Uruguay

Greece

Tunisia

Serbia

Latvia

Mexico

Turkey

Russian Federation

J apan

ThailandUnited Kingdom1

Percentage of students using a computer at least a few times each week

100%

0%

At home

At school

Percentage of students reporting

they use computers “Almost every day”

or “A few times each week”:

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Figure 3.2, , Figure 3.2, p.37.p.37.

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability.

1212 What do students use computers to do?

PISA asked students how often they used: The Internet to look up information about people things or

ideas Games on a computer Word processing (e.g. <Microsoft Word® or WordPerfect®>) The Internet to collaborate with a group or team Spreadsheets (e.g. <Lotus 1 2 3® or Microsoft Excel®>) The Internet to download software (including games) Drawing, painting or graphics programs on a computer Educational software such as mathematics programs The computer to help learn school material The Internet to download music The computer for programming A computer for electronic communication (e.g. e-mail or “chat

rooms”) Students could choose from the following answers:

Almost every day, A few times each week, Between once a week and once a month, Less than once a month, Never

1313

Students use computers for a wide range of purposes and not just to play

games…

1414

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability.

0

20

40

60

80

Canada

Unit

ed S

tate

s

Aust

ralia

Icela

nd

Denm

ark

New

Zeala

nd

Sw

eden

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Kore

a

Port

ugal

Sw

itzerl

and

OECD

ave

rage

Czech R

epublic

Ita

ly

Germ

any

Mexic

o

Gre

ece

Pola

nd

Hungary

Fin

land

Ire

land

Turk

ey

Slo

vak R

epublic

Japan

Unit

ed K

ingdom

1

The I nternet to look up inf ormation about people, things or ideas.

Games on a computer.

Word processing (e.g. <Word® or WordPerf ect®>)

Students' use of computers (1)

Percentage of students reporting they use the following “Almost every day” or “A few times each week”:

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , ,

Figures 3.3 and 3.4, pp.39 and 41.Figures 3.3 and 3.4, pp.39 and 41.

Games – 53% on average

Internet research –

55% on average

Word processing –

48% on average

1515

… a minority of students frequently use educational software on computers…

1616

1. Response rate too low to ensure comparability.

0

20

40

60

80

Port

ugal

Uru

guay

Denm

ark

Mex

ico

Ita

ly

Tunis

ia

Icela

nd

Thailand

Unit

ed S

tate

s

Aust

ralia

Turk

ey

Slo

vak R

epublic

Aust

ria

Hungary

New

Zeala

nd

OE

CD

ave

rage

Canada

Serb

ia

Germ

any

Czech R

epub

lic

Pola

nd

Latv

ia

Belg

ium

Sw

eden

Gre

ece

Russ

ian F

edera

tion

Lie

chte

nst

ein

Sw

itzerl

and

Kore

a

Fin

land

Ire

land

Japan

Unit

ed K

ingdom

1

Educational sof tware such as mathematics programs

The computer to help learn school material

Students' use of computers (2)

Percentage of students reporting they use the following “Almost every day” or “A few times each week”:

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , ,

Figure 3.4, p.41.Figure 3.4, p.41.

To learn school material - 30% on

average

Educational software - 13%

on average

1717

In general, students are confident in performing routine and Internet tasks

on computers.

1818 Routine tasks on a computer – percentage of students who are confident (OECD

average)

Open a file 90 7

Play computer games 90 7

Start a computer game 86 10

Save a computer document or file 88 8

Delete a computer document or file 88 8

Draw pictures using a mouse 85 10

Print a computer document or file 86 9

Scroll a document up and down a screen 87 8

Create/edit a document 80 13

Move files from one place to another on a computer 76 17

Copy a file from a floppy disk 75 16

I can do this…

By myself

With help

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Table 3.9, , Table 3.9, p.110.p.110.

1919 Internet tasks on a computer – percentage of students who are confident (OECD

average)I can do this…

By myself

With help

At least 90% of students report confidence in these tasks in Australia, Canada, Iceland, Korea, New Zealand, Sweden and the United States.

Get onto the Internet 88 7

Write and send e-mails 79 12

Copy or download files from the Internet 70 19

Download music from the Internet 66 21

Attach a file to an e-mail message 58 24

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Table 3.11, , Table 3.11, p.112.p.112.

2020

In general, 15-year-old boys report higher confidence than girls do in

performing computing tasks and these differences are particularly apparent for

the more demanding computing tasks...

2121 High-level tasks on a computer – percentage of students who are confident to perform

these tasks by themselves or with help (OECD average)

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Table 3.14, , Table 3.14, p.115.p.115.

Boys Girls

Use software to find and get rid of computer viruses 79 54

Create a multi-media presentation (with sound, pictures, video) 77 62

Create a computer program (e.g. in Logo, Pascal, Basic) 63 48

Construct a Web page 71 61

Create a presentation (e.g. using <Microsoft® PowerPoint® > 79 70

Use a spreadsheet to plot a graph 79 70

Use a database to produce a list of addresses 85 79

2222

Students who are established computer users perform better than students with limited computing experience.

2323 Average performanceof 15-year-olds in mathematics

High mathematics performance

Low mathematics performanceGreece

Russian Federation

Liechtenstein

Korea

Hong Kong- China

Finland

Netherlands

Canada

Macao- China Switzerland

New Zealand

Belgium

J apan

Australia

IcelandCzech Republic

SwedenFranceDenmark

I reland GermanyAustria

Slovak Republic

LuxembourgPoland Hungary

Norway

SpainUnited StatesLatvia

PortugalI taly

440

460

480

500

520

540

61626

The 37% of students having more than 5 years of computer

experience scored at 532 points

On average across OECD countries

The 27% of students having between 3 and 5 years of

computer experience scored at 513 points

The 26% of students having between 1 and 2 years of

computer experience scored at 479 points

The 10% of students having less than 1 year of computer

experience scored at 433 points

2424

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Swit

zerl

and

Bel

gium

Icel

and

Uni

ted S

tate

s

Ger

man

y

New

Zea

land

Aus

tria

Den

mar

k

Ital

y

Kor

ea

Hun

gary

Swed

en

Mex

ico

Aus

tral

ia

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Slo

vak

Rep

ublic

Tur

key

Jap

an

Can

ada

Gre

ece

Fin

land

Irel

and

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers more than five years

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers three to five years

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers one to three years

… but the performance advantage varies across countries

2525

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Swit

zerl

and

Bel

gium

Icel

and

Uni

ted S

tate

s

Ger

man

y

New

Zea

land

Aus

tria

Den

mar

k

Ital

y

Kor

ea

Hun

gary

Swed

en

Mex

ico

Aus

tral

ia

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Slo

vak

Rep

ublic

Tur

key

Jap

an

Can

ada

Gre

ece

Fin

land

Irel

and

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers more than five years

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers three to five years

between students who reported using computers less than one year and those using computers one to three years

… and diminishes somewhat when socio-economic background factors are taken into account

2626

If more experience counts, more frequent use does not necessarily

Looking at a wide range of students’ use of computers, moderate users

perform better than students who are either not using computers/using them

rarely or are using computers very often…

2727

Mathematics performance

475

500

525

Bottom

quarter

Second

quarter

Third

quarter

Top

quarter

Reading performance

475

500

525

Bottom

quarter

Second

quarter

Third

quarter

Top

quarterStudents reporting a moderate use of computers to perform a

range of tasks

Frequency of use of computer to perform a wide range of tasks and student

performance

Source: OECD (2005) Source: OECD (2005) Are students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell usAre students ready for a technology-rich world? What PISA studies tell us , Figure 4.6, , Figure 4.6, p.65.p.65.

Index of ICT Internet/entertainment use

Index of ICT program/software use

2828Further information

www.pisa.oecd.org– All national and international publications– The complete database

email: pisa@oecd.org

andreas.schleicher@oecd.org