Are We Alone?Extraterrestrials: Where are they?

Kenell J TouryanJuly 23, 2016

Basic Assumptions

• Physical laws on earth same throughout the universe

• Life is Carbon-based; Why? • Universe is 13.7B yrs old; • Our Milky way galaxy is 100,000 light

years in size.• Dark energy/matter make up 95% of the

universe• Universe made of 11-dimensions, 7 of

which are hidden

The Life-Essential Properties of Carbon

• Forms up to four single bonds.• Stable double and triple bonds (O, N, S, P)• E.g., Double ringed aromatic compounds

as bases in RNA and DNA.• Strong carbon-carbon bonds.• Can form indefinitely long chains (amino

acids, proteins, DNA, universl building blocks of life?…)(Carbon is known to form close to 10 million

different compounds and water as internal solvent)

A. Where should we look for them?Our Solar System? The Local Group?The Milky Way Galaxy? The Universe?Astrobiology (Basic Physics;Physical Chemistry;Biochemistry)

B. How Do We Define Life? (Carbon based vs. Silicon based-silanes, silicates, silicone)

Microorganisms (Bacteria/Archea)Plant LifeAnimal LifeIntelligent Life

(How did life originate on Earth?)

C. What do the following tell us?– The Search: (Project SETI)– (False signals from outer space: gamma rays,

neutron stars-pulsars)– The Fine-Tuned Universe

(The Ward-Brownlee Equation)– Visits in the Past? “Chariots of the gods”

“Crash go the Chariots”_ Travel through Wormholes (Interstellar)?– UFOs: What are they ?– -In Bible, much info of physcial life on earth; none

mentioned elsewhere in Universe

The Theory of Wormholes

Kip Thorne, Reference 6

VLA in St. Augustine Plains, New Mexico

“Where is Everybody?”(Enrico Fermi)

• They are here- and are meddling in human affairs- and they are us (are Christians aliens -I Pet 2:11)-they were here and left evidence of their presence- The Zoo Scenario (penspermia)-…………………..

• They exist but have not yet communicated- They are signaling but we do not know how to

listen (using neutrinos?)- They have no desire to communicate- We have not listened long enough

• They do not exist- Continuously habitable zones are narrow- Life’s genesis is rare- Intelligence at the human level is even rarer (Stephen J Gould)

Our Rare Earth

• Our Sun; a star rich in metal; middle agedSafe region of Spiral Galaxy:– Moving slowly; not in center of galaxy; not in metal-

poor galaxy; not near active gamma ray source; not binary or multiple star system.

• Our Solar System: planet with circular orbit; proper distance from sun; liquid water; (5% - 15%) inhabitable zone.

• Near Jupiter, to sweep away asteroids.

• Large moon to keep 23o inclination stable; 24 hour rotation constant.

• Gravity at 9.8 m/s2; removes CH4/NH3 but keeps H2O.

All these plus 100 other fine tuned parameters make carbon based

animal life possible!

Ward-Brownlee Equation

N = N* x fp x fpm x ne x ng x fi x fc x fl x fm x fj x fme

This is the expanded version of the Frank Drake Equation

(see Ward and Brownlee, “Rare Earth” pp 274-275)

Rare or Unique?

John 3:16

The Soft Landing that Shook Planet Earth

For Further Reading….• Stephen Webb: "Where is Everybody" 2002 Praxis Publishing Ltd• Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee: Rare Earth, 2000 Copernicus (Springer Verlag)• Michael Hart and Ben Zuckerman "Extraterrestrials Where are They?" 1982, Pergamon Press• Gregory Katz, “Searching for ET: Hawking to Look for Extraterrestrial Life,” NYTimes, July 20, 2015 • Leroy Cronin and Sara Imari Walker: "Beyond prebiotic chemistry" Science ,8 June 2016, pp1174-1175• The Mystery of Life’s Origin, by Thaxton, Bradley, Olsen. Lewis and Stanley, 1992.• Kip S Thorne: Black Holes and Time Warps, Norton& Company 1994, pp 484-497

The UFO ExperienceHoax or Real?

The UFO ExperienceObjective Information

• Natural Explanation – 95%; Defy Explanation – 4-5%• Examples of Encounters of 1st, 2nd and 3rd kind.• Is seen visually/radar; very few/poor photographs• No sonic boom at high speeds.• Vertical rather than horizontal trajectories.• Often defy Newton’s Laws of mechanics, at high

speed.• No EM-communication but/Interference with engines.• Beam of light of finite length.• Difficulty explaining what is being observed

Experiential Information

• Their appearance is unexpected; isolated places; twilight or darkness (Avoidance Principle)

• They are intermittent; cannot be predicted.• Exhibit high strangeness index, generate fear and

confusion, and therefore reporting is inaccurate.• Contactees have suffered mental anguish.• Positive Correlation between UFO Contactee and Occult

Practitioners, the less educated, among others...

Summary Report of Scientific Panelon UFO Issue

(GEPAN/SEPRA; P.S. Sturrock, 1996; www.ufoevidence.org/)

• Photographic Evidence• Luminosity Estimates• Radar Evidence• Hessdalen Project (Norway)• Vehicle Interference• Interference with Aircraft Equipment• Apparent Gravitational and/or Inertial Effects• Ground Traces• Injuries to Vegetation• Physiological Effects on Witnesses• Analysis of Debris