are you competent or are you not aug 2006
DESCRIPTION
This presentation is a semantic approach to language teaching. Syntagmatic competence versus paradigmatic traditional teaching.Conveying meaning is basically producing utterances which vary from naming an item, to its description, its definition or being able to explain about it.TRANSCRIPT
AARE YOU RE YOU
CCOMPETENT OR OMPETENT OR
AARE RE YYOU OU NNOT?OT?
Rodolfo Chaviano. August, [email protected]
R.Chaviano 2006
Competencies or competences?Competencies or competences?
'Competency' is now generally defined as the behaviours that employees must have, or must acquire, to input into a situation in order to achieve high levels of performance, while 'competence' relates to a system of minimum standards or is demonstrated by performance and outputs. http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/perfmangmt/competnces/comptfrmwk.htm?IsSrchRes=1
Although most HR professionals draw a distinction between 'competencies' and 'competences', this is by no means universal and the two terms are often used interchangeably.
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Related DefinitionsCommunicative Competence - Term used by Campbell and Wales (1970) and Hymes (1972) to refer to: the relationship and interaction between the native speaker's grammatical competence (or knowledge of the rules of the language) and Sociolinguistic Competence (or knowledge of the rules of language use). It is distinguished from communicative performance which is the realization of theses competences in actual speech in real situations.
USAGE and USE - Terms used by Widdowson (1978) to refer to two aspects of communicative performance:
a) the ability to produce correct sentences, or manifestations of the linguistic system = USAGE.
b) the ability to use the knowledge of the rules for effective communication = USE.
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ACHIEVING LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
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FLUENCY COMPETENCE ACCURACY
Performance Quality
Language
Competence in terms of Competence in terms of meaningmeaning
Any strategy of language teaching that derives the content of learning from an initial analysis of the learner needs to express three different kinds of meaning:
Functional (i.e. the social purpose of the utterance) Modal (the degree of likelihood)
Conceptual - the meaning relations expressed by forms within the sentence (categories communicative function )
http://www.elc-brighton.co.uk/ Ted Powerhttp://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/ted.html R.Chaviano 2006
Being CompetentBeing Competent
Being competentBeing competent means means doing and and re-doingre-doing
the language and its meaning in your own
words.R.Chaviano 2006
Building Up Language Competencies
LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES RELY MAINLY ON:
⃠� the acquisition of word-meaning. ⃠� the formation of concepts. ⃠� the understanding of the socio-cultural meaning of language.
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=SPEECH COMPETENCE
LEXICAL COMPETENCE
WRITING COMPETENCE
AUDITORY COMPETENCE
LISTENING COMPETENCE
SYNTAGMATIC COMPETENCESYNTAGMATIC COMPETENCE
GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
Etc.
BEINGCOMPETENT
HAVINGmultiple
Competencies
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MAJOR COMPETENCIES FOR COMMUNICATION
NAMING WORD
DEFINING CATEGORY
DESCRIBING PERCEPTION
EXPLAINING LANGUAGE
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MAJOR COMPETENCIES MAJOR COMPETENCIES FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK
NAMING
PRONOUNCING CONVEYING MEANING
CATEGORIZING CONCEPTS & NOTIONS DEFINING
DESCRIBING PERCEPTIONS SENSES & FEELINGS
EXPLAINING Meaning into Words EXPANDING IDEAS
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
COMPETENCIES
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MAJOR COMPETENCIES FOR COMMUNICATION
UTTERANCE MEANING
NAMING
DEFINING DESCRIBINGL
EXPLANATING
ITEM WORD CATEGORY PERCEPTIONSYNTAGMATIC
LANGUAGE
a tree a plantwith leaves
large...with fruits ...etc.
An apple treethat grows in
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WORD-MEANING & FORMATION OF WORD-MEANING & FORMATION OF CONCEPTSCONCEPTS
It is a tree. It is a plant. It has leaves and a solid trunk.It’s tall and green. It provides shade and oxygen. It grows in the forest or everywhere around us.
It’s a mango tree. It’s grown in tropical areas.It’s well known plant. It bears delicious fruit. Fruit is usually canned during the harvest season so as to have enough fruit available throughout the year. RCh.
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TEST YOUR LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES.
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TEST YOUR LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES.
CAN YOU NAME THEM?
___________
Greetings ______________1___
Making Questions ___________________9___
Stating Facts of Life ________________________5_____
Expanding Ideas ____________________________2_____
Connecting Ideas________________________________3____
Making Comparisons _________________________________8______
Telling apart Mass & Unit _____________________________________6______
Building Up Multi-Word Units ___ ________________________________________7____
Understanding Lexical Units ______________________________________________________4_______
Understanding Verb Collocation ____________________________________ 10_____ Understanding the Social Meaning of Language
Conveying Meaning
PRODUCINGUTTERANCES
Expected CompetenciesR.Chaviano 2006
TEST YOUR LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES.
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coat-of-arms wall-unit.
Utensil tools baby_car_seat
toiletries
Can you define them?
Being Competent means Understanding Being Competent means Understanding & Using Multi-word Units& Using Multi-word Units * *
Multi-word UnitsMulti-word Units
A computer screen, a flower vase, A computer screen, a flower vase,
a pepperoni pizza, a waste paper a pepperoni pizza, a waste paper basket, a helping hand, a ceiling fan, basket, a helping hand, a ceiling fan,
the state-of-the-art technology, etc.the state-of-the-art technology, etc.
* term coined by Lewis, Michael. The Lexical Approach, 1994.* term coined by Lewis, Michael. The Lexical Approach, 1994.
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BEING COMPETENT MEANS BEING COMPETENT MEANS UNDERSTANDING LEXICAL UNITSUNDERSTANDING LEXICAL UNITS
TAKE OFF two words (2)two words (2) several lexical units TO PUT UP WITH multi-word verbmulti-word verb one lexical unit TO BE TAKEN FOR literallyliterally a) one meaning A RIDE idiomatically idiomatically b)another meaning A BLACK HOLE several wordsseveral words one lexical unit
Adapted from: MA KINGS ENS EOF WORDS, Andrew Sheehan.
FORUM. Volume 42, Number 1, page 11. Jan 2004
STANDS FORIS
SAW ONE WORD THREE LEXICAL UNITS
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Being Competent means Understanding The Social Meaning of Language
Unfortunately, this linguistic competency is the most difficult to be understood and mastered. It is slowly learned, very often, after dealing with language units for a long time. It´s quite hard, even for those living in the target language milieu.
The use of interjections, inflexions of the voice, idioms, mottoes, proverbs, sayings, phrasal verbs, cliché, slogans, fixed phrases, and word collocations such as, a thick moustache, a distant relative, To drop the flower vase, to spoil the food, etc. are among the most common.
There are lexical units such as hot-desking, that would seldom be understood by the foreign learner. Because of their syntactical relations or their incomprehensible surface meaning
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Benefits of a competency-based systemBenefits of a competency-based system
Oucomes are measurable and standardized according to language functions and the student individual expected performance in real life situations.
The language used to describe competencies is comprehensible for students and teachers as well.(semantics)
Competencies are based on what tha average performer does.
This approach works in favor of rapidly-changing circumstances by setting one particular group of attitudes and skills.
Some behavioural competencies are basically personality traits which an individual may be able or unable to achieve.
Relies on conveying word-meaning and the formation of concepts in the target language.
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Some Guidelines to Implement Language Some Guidelines to Implement Language CompetenciesCompetencies
• • English is a English is a phonemic phonemic languagelanguage..
• • Meaning is on top of any communicative Meaning is on top of any communicative
act.act.
• • Syntagmatic Competence relies onSyntagmatic Competence relies on
SemanticSemantic CategoriesCategories..
• • Grammatical competence is Grammatical competence is paradigmaticparadigmatic..
• • Conveying meaning is Conveying meaning is syntagmaticsyntagmatic..
• • Syntagmatic competence is Syntagmatic competence is the core ofthe core of
language competence. language competence.
• • The formation of simple syntactic units isThe formation of simple syntactic units is
fundamental in thefundamental in the understanding & understanding &
building up English.building up English.• • The The Social Meaning of LanguageSocial Meaning of Language is is
quite hard, even for those living in the quite hard, even for those living in the
target language milieu.target language milieu.
• • English students should get familiar English students should get familiar
with, and with, and produce utterances.produce utterances.
• • Students should understand and Students should understand and use use
multi- word unitsmulti- word units from the very start. from the very start.
• • Students should understand and Students should understand and
derive wordsderive words by analogy, and by analogy, and
develope association strategies.develope association strategies.
• • Students should be given theoretical Students should be given theoretical
information on writing styles.information on writing styles.
• • Being competentBeing competent means means doing anddoing and
re-doing the language meaning.re-doing the language meaning.
• • Doing writing practice from the Doing writing practice from the very beginning.very beginning.
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