areas of opportunities for ict accessibility axel leblois executive director g3ict kampala, uganda 6...
TRANSCRIPT
Areas of Opportunities for ICT Areas of Opportunities for ICT accessibilityaccessibility
Areas of Opportunities for ICT Areas of Opportunities for ICT accessibilityaccessibility
Axel LebloisExecutive Director G3ict
Kampala, Uganda6 May 2010
ICT ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Slide 2
Areas of OpportunitiesAreas of OpportunitiesAreas of OpportunitiesAreas of Opportunities
Wireless Services TV Broadcasting e-government web sites Internet cafés and community
access Assistive Technologies in schools
Slide 3
Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones LeadershipLeadershipConnectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones Connectivity in Africa: Mobile Phones LeadershipLeadership
Slide 4
Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Features for Persons with DisabilitiesFeatures for Persons with DisabilitiesExample of Mobile Phones Accessibility Example of Mobile Phones Accessibility Features for Persons with DisabilitiesFeatures for Persons with Disabilities
Accessible hardware and software is available addressing various types of impairments: visual, cognitive, hearing, speech, physical. For example:
Blind and visually impaired people can adjust display settings such as font size or color contrast;
Persons unable to use a keypad can use voice recognition software Blind or visually impaired people can use text to speech to access
menus, receive audio feedback and have text, such as SMS, read aloud; Pictorial address books (containing an image of the person beside their
name and phone number) has considerably empowered persons with cognitive disabilities to use cell phones;
Deaf persons can use a range of services including: SMS text messages
sign language via video calls (on 3G networks)
other services such a text message to Avatar for deaf illiterate persons
And many more!
Slide 5
Mobile Manufacturers ForumMobile Manufacturers Forumhttp://www.mobileaccessibility.info/http://www.mobileaccessibility.info/
Slide 6
Wireless Services Accessibility Wireless Services Accessibility InnovationsInnovationsWireless Services Accessibility Wireless Services Accessibility InnovationsInnovations
Basic accessibility features are easy to implement, exist today
New handset based technology includes: Text to Speech, voice recognition Scanner capability GPS – triangulation positioning Bone sound conduction
Remote services Emergency services Digital libraries E-Government services Blue tooth proximity services
A Glimpse into the Future Now… (Video)
Slide 7
Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Making: Three Case Studies Making: Three Case Studies Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Mobile Phones Accessibility Policy Making: Three Case Studies Making: Three Case Studies
1. Market driven operator strategy (Japan)
2. Consensus building among stakeholders (France)
3. Regulatory policy (Canada)
Slide 8
1.1. Market Driven Strategy: JapanMarket Driven Strategy: JapanThe Raku Raku Story 2001-2009The Raku Raku Story 2001-2009
1.1. Market Driven Strategy: JapanMarket Driven Strategy: JapanThe Raku Raku Story 2001-2009The Raku Raku Story 2001-2009
NTT DoCoMo Market Situation in 2001 Overall penetration of cell phones in Japan: 82.6%
NTT DoCoMo market share: 51%
Opportunity: rate of utilization decreases significantly with age (90+% aged 20 to 50; less than 30% above 70)
Decision to tackle issue across organization, products and services Adoption of Universal Design principles
Cell phone handsets, stores & services
Slide 9
Source: NTT DoCoMo presentation at ITU – UNESCAP meeting in Bangkok, August 26, 2009
Slide 10
Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible and Assistive Features and Servicesand Assistive Features and ServicesExample of “Raku Raku” Accessible Example of “Raku Raku” Accessible and Assistive Features and Servicesand Assistive Features and Services
A large screen with large characters Dedicated buttons to call certain pre-recorded
numbers automatically “Read aloud” menus and text Voice input text messages and email Access to a network of talking books (Bibulio-
net, 12,395 titles as of March 2009) with an integrated DAISY player
An optional bone conductor receiver to transmit sound waves directly from bone to nerve
Slide 11
Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001
How many Raku-Raku phones have been sold by NTT DoCoMo in Japan since then?
Slide 12
Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001Initiative Launched September 2001
How many Raku-Raku phones have been sold by NTT DoCoMo in Japan since then?
15 Million!
Slide 13
As African Market Matures, Operators May As African Market Matures, Operators May Benefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyBenefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyAs African Market Matures, Operators May As African Market Matures, Operators May Benefit from a “Raku Raku” StrategyBenefit from a “Raku Raku” Strategy
Source: African Mobile Factbook Published by AfricanTelcom News
Slide 14
2 – Consensus building strategy 2 – Consensus building strategy Accessibility – France Case StudyAccessibility – France Case Study2 – Consensus building strategy 2 – Consensus building strategy Accessibility – France Case StudyAccessibility – France Case Study
Government, users, operators sign charter in 2005
Voluntary program with milestones for implementing features with defined priorities:
1. Necessary features
2. Comfort features
3. Desirable new features and evolution
Comprehensive and detailed analysis
Marketing codification of accessibility features
Slide 15
Mobile Operators Association Drives Mobile Operators Association Drives National CampaignNational CampaignMobile Operators Association Drives Mobile Operators Association Drives National CampaignNational Campaign
Results: Each operator offers between 10 and 20 accessible
handsets in 2009
Specialized point of sales with trained personnel
New services launched (News in sign language, accessible city and accessible tourism web sites etc.)
Slide 16
3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – 3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – Canada Case StudyCanada Case Study3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – 3 – Regulatory Path: Mandates – Canada Case StudyCanada Case Study
Slide 17
Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Regulatory Policy of Canadian RT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009): Initiates further investigation into possible
improvements to emergency 9-1-1 service, including text messaging to 9-1-1.
Requests that wireless service providers, in consultation with persons with disabilities, offer at least one type of wireless mobile handset to serve the needs of people who are blind and/or have moderate-to-severe mobility or cognitive disabilities, noting that it will consider imposing such a requirement in the future if necessary.
Requires telecommunications service providers and broadcasting distribution undertakings to improve the accessibility of the information, service and support they offer to Canadians.
Slide 18
TV BroadcastingTV BroadcastingTV BroadcastingTV Broadcasting
Slide 19
Television Accessibility ResourcesTelevision Accessibility Resources www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgwww.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgTelevision Accessibility ResourcesTelevision Accessibility Resources www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.orgwww.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org
Closed captioning, sub-titling and sign language—Definitions / process—Features most desired by persons with disabilities—Applicable standards—Sample of regulations
Video Description Services—Definitions / process—Features most desired by persons with disabilities—Applicable standards—Sample of regulations
Transition to Digital Television: IPTV and Convergent Media —IPTV and Web video accessibility—DTV / IPTV equipment, interface and controls—IPTV and Web video accessibility standards—Sample of regulations
Slide 20
TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.TV Broadcasting – U.S.
1990 Television Decoder Act, in effect since 1993, requires all televisions 13 inches or larger manufactured for sale in the United States to have built-in decoder circuitry.
Captions now reach millions of viewers: Deaf and hard-of-hearing
Persons learning to read or learning English as a second language
Educational benefits of captioned television are being realized as families "read" TV together.
Captions are visible in public places, such as airports or bars, where the audio is often difficult to hear.
Currently, all programs airing in prime time (daily 8-11pm) on the commercial networks and PBS are captioned
Some daytime, cable and syndicated programs remain uncaptioned.
Slide 21
JapanJapanJapanJapan
NHK started closed-captioning and audio description services in the 1980s by developing teletext and sound-multiplex broadcast adapted to the analog TV system
Digital TV has standard slots for closed-captioning and audio description.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan (MIC) guidelines:
By the end of 2017, followings should be accomplished, 100% of closed-caption including live programs
(excluding technically impossible programs)
10% of audio description for applicable programs
Slide 22
Japan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative ProcessesJapan: Innovative Processes
Large proportion of automated speech to text conversion
Speed Rate conversion offered: Radio and TV receiver equipped with Speed Rate
Conversion Chip
Listeners can slow down the rate of speech in a program.
Speeding up speech may be also useful for visually impaired person.
Slide 23
Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Canada: Regulatory Policy of CRT Commission (21 July 2009):Commission (21 July 2009):
Directs television broadcasters to improve and control the quality of closed captioning, including in digital formats. It intends to impose conditions of licence in these areas at the broadcasters' licence renewals.
Intends to require additional television broadcasters to provide described video through conditions of licence imposed at their licence renewals. The Commission also sets out various measures designed to increase the awareness and accessibility of described video.
Intends to require television broadcasters to provide high-quality audio description through conditions of licence to be imposed at the time of their licence renewals.
Slide 24
Australia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced ServicesAustralia – Outsourced Services
The government of Australia provided seed funding in 1981 for the establishment of the Australian Caption Centre (ACC) and the purchase of equipment.
Captioning by the ACC commenced in 1982 and a further grant from the Australian government enabled the ACC to achieve and maintain financial self-sufficiency.
The ACC, now known as Media Access Australia, sold its commercial captioning division to Red Bee Media in December 2005. Red Bee Media continues to provide captioning services to Australia today.
Slide 25
e-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibilitye-Government Accessibility
Slide 26
E-Government Web Sites Policies & E-Government Web Sites Policies & W3C – WAI Guidelines W3C – WAI Guidelines E-Government Web Sites Policies & E-Government Web Sites Policies & W3C – WAI Guidelines W3C – WAI Guidelines
W3C – WAI guidelines a solid foundation for e-government accessibility policies and programs
Benefits for Governments: eliminating conflicting requirements
providing proven & free authoring tools
enabling sharing of training and implementation resources
enabling improved conformance testing
Slide 27
Considerations for ImplementationConsiderations for ImplementationConsiderations for ImplementationConsiderations for Implementation
Accessible web sites are not more expensive to produce than inaccessible web sites
Large overlap (80%) of WAI Guidelines with Mobile Guidelines
Great benefits in Africa to pursue Mobile and e-Government accessibility strategies simultaneously
Important for governments to commit to web accessibility and to promote awareness of the W3C-WAI guidelines and tools among web masters at major government agencies
See Case Study of City of Chicago:
http://www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org/toolkit/local_government
Slide 28
TunisiaTunisiaTunisiaTunisia
All e-Government web sites to be accessible by the end of 2009
2007 Presidential Order Tunisian government issued RFP for
consulting services funded by the World Bank
High visibility of initiative
Slide 29
Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Performance as Measured by Annual SurveyPerformance as Measured by Annual SurveyKorea: e-Government Web Accessibility Korea: e-Government Web Accessibility Performance as Measured by Annual SurveyPerformance as Measured by Annual Survey
※ Source : Ministry of Public Administration and Security & Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity
and promotion, 2008 Web Accessibility Annual Survey
Presented at the 2009 ITU=UNESCAP Asia Pacific Workshop on ICT Accessibility
Exhibit: Web accessibility Annual Survey(2008) Unit : 100 Scale
Slide 30
Making Community Centers and Making Community Centers and Internet Cafés AccessibleInternet Cafés AccessibleMaking Community Centers and Making Community Centers and Internet Cafés AccessibleInternet Cafés Accessible
Slide 31
Internet Cafes and Community Internet Cafes and Community Centers: Market Driven e-InclusionCenters: Market Driven e-InclusionInternet Cafes and Community Internet Cafes and Community Centers: Market Driven e-InclusionCenters: Market Driven e-Inclusion
Slide 32
Benchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: BrazilBenchmark Country: Brazil
Total number of connections at Internet Cafés greater than all other types of access combined in Brazil in 2007
Slide 33
Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Analysis of Internet Usage in BrazilAnalysis of Internet Usage in BrazilBenchmark: Socio-Demographic Benchmark: Socio-Demographic Analysis of Internet Usage in BrazilAnalysis of Internet Usage in Brazil
Source: Survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Brazil 2007, COMITÊ GESTOR DA INTERNET NO BRASIL
%
Slide 34
Promoting Accessibility of Internet Promoting Accessibility of Internet Cafés and Community CentersCafés and Community CentersPromoting Accessibility of Internet Promoting Accessibility of Internet Cafés and Community CentersCafés and Community Centers
Physical access to centers Computer accessibility User support for assistive technologies
Few examples of programs and policies
Good potential for public-private cooperation to reach out to many users leveraging existing infrastructure
Slide 35
Promoting Assistive TechnologiesPromoting Assistive TechnologiesIn EducationIn Education
Promoting Assistive TechnologiesPromoting Assistive TechnologiesIn EducationIn Education
Slide 36
Assistive Technology: It’s All About Assistive Technology: It’s All About Individual NeedsIndividual NeedsAssistive Technology: It’s All About Assistive Technology: It’s All About Individual NeedsIndividual Needs
“An assistive device opens doors to learning, employment and social participation. There is always a possibility of viewing people with disabilities as a homogeneous group, all requiring the same kind of intervention and the same type of device. The reality is that people with disabilities are as diverse as society itself, each with their own unique contributions and requirements”
Manto Tshabalala-Msimang,
Minister of Health, South Africa
Slide 37
Assistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key StepsAssistive Technologies, Key Steps
Identification of need Evaluation and testing
solutions User training Environment
accommodation (family, school, workplace)
Continuous assessment
Slide 38
Example: how educators match a student’s needs, abilities and tasks with a variety of tools
Assistive Technology: a Continuum of Assistive Technology: a Continuum of Tools, Strategies, and ServicesTools, Strategies, and Services
Low Tech ToolsPencil gripsColor codingHighlightersSlanted surfacesReading and writing guidesEnlarged worksheets
Mid Tech ToolsBooks on tapeTalking spell checker, dictionaryWord processorTape recorderAdaptive eating utensilsSwitch controlled toy, light, blender
High Tech ToolsText readersVoice recognitionEnvironmental control devicesAugmentative communication deviceSoftware for manipulation of objectsElectronic books
Example cited by Michigan Department of Education report on AT
Slide 39
Assistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in EducationAssistive Technologies in Education
Assistive Technologies require training and support
Education ministries best organized to implement such programs
Successful case studies emerging from around the world
Opportunity to support transition to the work place
Slide 40
PUBLICATIONS SPONSORS
CO-HOSTS
Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You
www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org
www.g3ict.com
Request for information:[email protected]
+1 (404) 641 5661
Slide 41
AnnexesAnnexes
Resources for Assistive TechnologiesResources for Assistive Technologies
AnnexesAnnexes
Resources for Assistive TechnologiesResources for Assistive Technologies
Slide 42
ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive TechnologiesTechnologiesICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive ICT Tools: Computer Based Assistive TechnologiesTechnologies
Common computer based solutions for education, workplace and home applications by types of impairments:
• Visual
• Auditory
• Motor
• Cognitive
Slide 43
Visual Impairments: Solutions Visual Impairments: Solutions for Computer Interactionfor Computer InteractionVisual Impairments: Solutions Visual Impairments: Solutions for Computer Interactionfor Computer Interaction
Severe visual impairments, including complete blindness Screen reader software, with either voice or braille output or a
combination of the two. Free Solutions: Fire Vox, Thunder, System Access To Go, NVDA
Low vision Possible use of screen readers, screen magnification, high-
contrast settings, in-browser/program font enlarging. Free Solutions: CLC STAR, iZoom Web, System Access To Go
Forms of color blindness/color vision deficiencies (red-green being the most common (5% of males)) Need for information to not be conveyed solely by color
differences. Free Solutions: Users of Windows or Mac may alter contrast.
For the web, CLC STAR may be useful.
Source: Ohio State University
Slide 44
Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersAuditory Impairments: Solutions for Auditory Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers
Typical accommodations: On the web or with video content, synchronized
captioning of audio and video
Text transcripts for audio-only presentations/podcasts.
Text messaging systems
TTY devices and software for text communication via telephone
Source: Ohio State University
Slide 45
Motor Impairments: Solutions for Motor Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersMotor Impairments: Solutions for Motor Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers
Mobility and motor control disabilities caused by injury (nerve, nerve stress, or loss of limbs) Switches, pointing devices, such as head-
mounted or eye-controlled pointers, or trackballs that do not require fine limb movement
Mobility and motor control disabilities caused by disease or genetic conditions Issue: tremors and loss of ability to
control hand movement Track balls, switches, tremor-
compensating mice, etc. Voice recognition software to perform
input, including scrolling, clicking, and moving the mouse.
Free Solution: Click-n-Type
Slide 46
Slide 47
Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with ComputersCognitive Impairments: Solutions for Cognitive Impairments: Solutions for Interaction with ComputersInteraction with Computers
Conditions ranging from reading and linguistic disabilities to attention deficits to problem-solving and memory conditions to various forms of learning disabilities
Largest category of disability affecting the most people.
Solutions:
• Programs that offer word prediction when writing and that can read aloud and highlight text are useful for mild to moderate cognitive disabilities.
• Visual markup, word lookup, and electronic bookmarking facilities offered by high end programs such as Freedom Scientific WYNN and TextHELP Read and Write Gold
Free Solutions: CLiCk, Speak, WordTalk, LetMeType, Power Talk
Source: Ohio State University
Slide 48
Control Panel in Windows includes both Voice Recognition and Text to Speech settings, which, combined with free or inexpensive software, allows for effective, inexpensive solutions
Slide 49
Basic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility FeaturesBasic Hearing Accessibility Features
Visual alerts to notify the user of incoming calls/messages
Adjustable volume control Display of missed, received or dialed calls through
call logs Visual or tactile indicators showing what has been
pressed on the keypad, and visual display of text Text based messaging options SMS to Avatar translation for deaf illiterate (Tunisia) One on one video for sign language communications
Slide 50
Vision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility FeaturesVision – Basic Accessibility Features
Tactile markers to help orient fingers on the keypad
Audible or tactile feedback to confirm a button has been pressed
Adjustable font sizes Audible cues for low battery, caller waiting
or ending a call and volume level Adjustable brightness/contrast controls for
the display The size of the main display Backlit display
Slide 51
Speech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility FeaturesSpeech – Basic Accessibility Features
Text Messaging/SMS Email Instant Messaging Multi-media Messaging Predictive Text Re-use of personalized SMS messages Video one on one for sign language
Slide 52
DexterityDexterityDexterityDexterity Ability to use the phone in 'hands-free' mode Predictive text input Call answered by pressing any key Voice recognition for dialing or accessing
features within the phone No pinching, twisting or rotation of the wrist
needed Candy bar design to avoid extra movements (that
a phone with a folding or sliding design requires) Flat back on the phone to allow for operation on
a table top rather than having to be held Optional accessories such as a Bluetooth headset
or keyboard making texting and talking much easier
Slide 53
CognitionCognitionCognitionCognition
Menus and instructions clear and simple to understand Providing simple instructions when something is required from the
user Providing enough time for people to enter the required information Ability to associate photos with telephone numbers
Other features that may be useful include: Having a choice between audio, visual or vibrating alerts to let users
know when they're receiving a call Keys provide audio, visual and tactile feedback when pressed Popular functions such as placing a call controlled by repeating pre-
recorded voice commands Help menus designed to anticipate the information being sought Keypad shortcuts to make every step quick and efficient
Slide 54
Features Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile DevicesFeatures Available on Mobile Devices
Audio/Voice only (18%) Small display and voice (< 40 character)
(49%) Text messaging with disambiguation
(52%) Camera (34%) (2D barcode capability) Mobile browser (26%)
Kenyan study, 2009, 2 major carriers
Slide 55
AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile DevicesDevicesAccessForAll Rendering for Mobile AccessForAll Rendering for Mobile DevicesDevices
Simple audio stream Audio file with navigation keys
(e.g., navigating the document object model tree - next header, next chapter, etc.)
Text messages with text message query and control
Web application for small displays
Slide 56
Simple Audio StreamSimple Audio StreamSimple Audio StreamSimple Audio Stream
For small sections of text or continuous narrative, e.g. a novel
Play, pause and stop control only Call in codes for specific topics Interactive voice and dial tone
menus Using text-to-speech and recorded
audio
Slide 57
Audio File with NavigationAudio File with NavigationAudio File with NavigationAudio File with Navigation
Using Daisy document structure Navigating the document object
model tree using numeric keys or voice
Either text-to-speech or recorded speech
Local caching capability where possible (memory on device)