areva t&d general presentation sept 2006 · areva world leader in the energy business n°1 in...
TRANSCRIPT
AREVA T&DPower Electronics – HVDC & FACTSPower Electronics HVDC & FACTS
NameTitle
Date
2 2
AREVA Group Overview
AREVA T&D Overview
AREVA T&D Businesses
AREVA T&D OfferingAREVA T&D Offering
3 3
AREVA
World leader in the energy business
N°1 in the entire nuclear cycle
N°3 in electricity transmission and distribution
Our missionOur mission
Innovate to contribute to ever cleaner, safer and economicalCO2-free power generation and electricity transmissionand distrib tionand distribution
Our strategic objectives
Achieve one-third of the world nuclear market and double-digit operating margin
Be one of the most profitable leaders in Transmission and
4 4
Be one of the most profitable leaders in Transmission and Distribution
Energy: our core business
Front End Division
Reactors and Services DivisionBack End DivisionBack End DivisionTransmission and Distribution Division
5 5
Key data as of 31 December 2005
Sales €10,125M,
Operating income €551M
Consolidated net income €1,049M*
Employees 58,760
Market capitalization €14,372M
6 6
N.B.: Key data is presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
* including €528M in net income from the sale of FCI
Key data for 2005
Employees by region(in %)
Sales by region(in %)
[Total workforce: 58,760 employees] [Total sales: €10,125 million]
12%
7%10%
3%
63%18%
13%
74%
7 7
Europe & CIS North & South America Asia-Pacific Africa / Middle East
Key data for 2005
Sales by business (in %)
Sales revenue by division(in %)
[Total sales: €10,125 million]
32% 26% 32%
19% 23%68%
Front End Division
Reactors and Services Division
Back End Division
Transmission
Nuclear
Transmission and Distribution
8 8
and Distribution Division
AREVA around the globe
100 countriesMarketing & Sales
€6,754M: 67%of all sales come from outside France
40 countriesProduction & Manufacturing
EUROPE & CIS63% of sales- Nuclear: 77%- T&D: 23%43,279employees
ASIA-PACIFIC12% of sales- Nuclear: 45%
NORTH & SOUTHAMERICA18% Nuclear: 45%
- T&D: 55%5,824employees
18% of sales- Nuclear: 74%- T&D: 26%7,912employees AFRICA &
MIDDLE EAST7% of sales7% of sales- Nuclear: 12%- T&D: 88%1,745employees
9 9
Production & manufacturing
Governance
Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Frédéric Lemoine
Chairman of the Executive Board: Anne Lauvergeon
Shareholders
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) – French AEC 79%
French State 5%
Investment certificate holders* 4%Investment certificate holders* 4%
Caisse des dépôts et consignations 4%
ERAP 3%
EDF 2%
Framépargne** 2%
Total 1%
10 10
* Listed on Euronext Paris, compartment B, SBF 120 index
** Employee-held investment fund
Organization of the group
FRONT ENDDivision
REACTORS & SERVICESDivision
BACK ENDDivision
TRANSMISSION& DISTRIBUTION
Division
• Plants
• Equipment
• Mining
• Chemistry
• Treatment
• Recycling• Products
• ServicesEquipment
• Nuclear Services
• Nuclear Measurements
• Consulting& Information Systems
Chemistry
• Enrichment
• Fuel
Recycling
• Logistics
• Clean-up
• Engineering
• Services
• Systems
• Automation
11 11
• AREVA TA
A group committed to the 21st century’s great challenges
Access to energy for everyoneAccess to energy for everyone
Preservation of the planet
Responsibility toward future generations
Anchored in our industrial strategy and our daily management, sustainable development combines
Profitable growth
Social responsibilitySocial responsibility
Respect for the environment
12 12
A sustainable development program structured around 10 commitments
13 13
A group united around sustainabledevelopment values
Clearly expressed values (Values Charter) based on the 10 principles of the U.N. Global Compact linked to human rights, l b diti i t l t ti d ti tilabor conditions, environmental protection and anti-corruption efforts
Implementation through AREVA Way a continuousImplementation through AREVA Way, a continuous improvement process structured around our 10 sustainable development commitments and integrated into the general management systemmanagement system
AREVA Way is also a way of being and a way of acting,every day: the will to improve, anticipation, responsivenesse e y day t e to p o e, a t c pat o , espo s e essand openness to dialogue
14 14
Research & Development
Key figures for 2005 €582M* in total R&D spending, i.e. 5.7% of salesg
A hundred registered patents
PrioritiesOptimize the front end of the cycle: more mining R&D
EPR licensing in key markets
Performance improvement of reactors and fuels
Development of the 3rd-generation treatment-recyclingDevelopment of the 3 generation treatment recyclingplant: COEX
Preparing 4th-generation reactors and fuel cycle plants
15 15
*of which 46% was self-financed
Front End Division
All of the activities leading up to the generationof nuclear power:
U i i i d t tiUranium mining and concentration
Uranium conversion and enrichment
Nuclear fuel fabrication
€2,631MSales
11,047E l
16 16
Employees
Reactors and Services Division
Design and construction of:
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs)
Boiling water reactors (BWRs)
Research reactorsResearch reactors
Supply of products and services to power companies for the operation and servicing of all types of nuclear power plants
€2,348MSales
14,323Employees
17 17
Back End Division
Used fuel treatment and recycling after use in nuclear power plants
Interim storage solutions
Design and supply of casks for transportation and storage of nuclear materials
€1,921MSales
10,864E l
18 18
Employees
T&D Division
Complete range of products, systems and servicesfor electricity transmission and distribution:
Regulation
Transformation
Dispatching of electric current in power grids
€3 212M€3,212MSales
22,094Employees
19 19
AREVA Group Overview
AREVA T&D Overview
AREVA T&D Businesses
AREVA T&D OfferingAREVA T&D Offering
20 20
Our history
Acquisition of Sprecher & Schuh
(Switzerland)
Acquisition of AEG (Germany)
Alsthom Acquisition of ALSTOM T&D
(France)(Switzerland) ( )
1983 1988 1998 2006
2004199619861928
Acquisition of Cegelec - T&D (France)
Acquisition of CEM(France)
Merger with GEC (UK)
Acquisition of RITZHigh-Voltage
(Germany)Acquisition of protection relays and measurement transformers
of Schlumberger Industrie(France)
(Germany)
21 21
Strong development through mergers & acquisitions
AREVA T&D within the group
22 22
Source: AREVAYear End December 2005 Figures
T&D: 1/3 of AREVA’s energy business
AREVA T&D at a glance
Annual sales Presence in more than
€3,212M 100 countries
Employees
22,094
Industrial sites
67,
23 23
Global and comprehensive assetsSource: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Competitive Landscape
*
Notes:- 2005 data proforma (estimation)- For the “Top 3” players (ABB, Siemens and
Areva ,figures based on published financial figures with scope adjustment)
24 24
- Constant exchange rate : 1 USD = 0.80510 €- Source: Company information, Areva T&D
Strategic Marketing Analysis
* Following VA Tech acquisition
AREVA T&D: n°3 on the market
Strong worldwide positioning
Europe
N°1 ABBN°2 Siemens
N°3 AREVA T&DMarket size: €12 bn
Asia Pacific
N°1 ABBN°2 Siemens
Americas
N°1 ABBN°2 Siemens
Market size: €12 bn
Africa - Middle East
N°2 SiemensN°3 AREVA T&DMarket size: €14 bn
N°3 AREVA T&D
Market size: €9 bn
N°1 ABBN°2 SiemensN°3 AREVA T&DMarket size: €7 bn
25 25
Source: 2005 AREVA T&D estimates
Key data for 2005
Sales revenue by region (in %) Employees by region (in %)
26 26
Total sales: €3,212M Total workforce: 22,094Source: 2005 AREVA annual report
One commitment to customers
Sales & Marketing Community
Product line 1...
Products BU
Sales &Marketing
rce
forc
e
S t BU
Product line...
Product line 9
untr
y Sa
les
fo
nal M
arke
ting
Serv
ice
Key Account
Systems BU
Product line 1...
Product line 4
CustomersCustomers
Cou
Reg
iony
ManagementAutomation BU
Product line 1...
Product line 3
27 27
One commitment to customers
Strong proximity to our clients
Central Europe & Western AsiaCentral Europe & Western AsiaCentral Europe & Western AsiaCentral Europe & Western Asia
28 28
Local presence in 12 regions
AREVA T&D organization chart
Chairman & CEOPhilippe Guillemot
International Sales Organization& Sales Community Performance
Marco Graziano
Human ResourcesLaurent Mareschal
Performance & CountryShared Services Optimization
Ahmed Bennour
Control & FinancingKarim Vissandjee
ProductsBusiness Unit
Marius Vassoille
A t ti B i U it &
Strategy & MarketingSébastien de Montessus
Automation Business Unit & Service Product Line
Laurent Demortier
SystemsBusiness Unit
LegalPierre Laporte
Communications
29 29
Business UnitMichel Augonnet Leslie Asch Guillon
AREVA Group Overview
AREVA T&D Overview
AREVA T&D BusinessesAREVA T&D Businesses
AREVA T&D OfferingAREVA T&D Offering
30 30
Our Businesses
PRODUCTS SYSTEMS AUTOMATION SERVICE
• Turnkey Transmission Projects• Turnkey Distribution
Projects
• HV Switchgear• Power and
Distribution Transformers
• Automation Products• Automation Systems• Automation Support
• Network Consulting• Erection &
Commissioning• Maintenance &
• Power Electronics• Decentralized Power
Supply Systems
• Measurement Transformers• MV Switchgear
Repair & Retrofit• Spare Parts• Training and
Expertise• Proximity Projects • Total Asset Care
31 31
• Total Asset Care
Products Business
Generator circuit breakers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, GIS equipment, power and distribution transformers,
measurement transformers, primary and secondary distribution equipment
Capabilities:55 sites in 26 countries including:55 sites in 26 countries including:
Manufacturing and assembly sites,close to markets
Site for final product adjustmentsSite for final product adjustments located near the customers
32 32
Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Advanced technologies & superior product offering
Systems Business
Transmission and distribution substations
Power electronics for HVDC, DC supply, electrolysis and FACTsFACTs
Connection to the grid and distribution networks for large industry/infrastructures and power generation
Decentralized energy projects, such as biomass and biogas
Capabilities:23 sites in 19 countries23 sites in 19 countriesin Europe, North & South America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa
33 33
Global engineering & project management expertiseSource: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Automation Business
Automation Products:Digital protection, measurement and data communication
Automation Systems:Automation Systems:EMS, DMS, MMS, substation automation and data communication
Automation Support:Automation Support:Integrated refurbishment, protection monitoring, hardware life cycle,system reliability, system upgrade and expert training
C bilitiCapabilities:7 product assembly lines, 18 engineering centers20 service centers
34 34
The world leader in EMS / DMS / MMSSource: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Service Business
Traditional product services covering all T&D equipment
Network consulting, expertise and training
P i it j tProximity projects
Total asset care solutions
C bilitiCapabilities:2,100 service experts close to our customers8 Product service competence centersPresent in more than 20 countries
S i b d d t f t i k h
35 35
Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Service based on product manufacturing know-how
AREVA Group Overview
AREVA T&D Overview
AREVA T&D Businesses
AREVA T&D Offering
36 36
AREVA T&D: A fully-fledged player
Ultra High-voltage Transmission
Primary Distribution
Low-voltage Applications
High-voltage Transmission
Secondary Distribution
Gas-insulated switching equipment
Disconnectors
g q p
Circuit breakers including generator circuit breakers
Power transformers
Instrument transformers
Distribution transformersProducts
Disconnectors
Power electronics
Switchboards, MV switchgear and prefabricated substations
High-voltage substations Power distribution
SystemsDistributed energy
Automation products
Automation systems
Automation support
Automation
37 37
Source: AREVA T&D Year End December 2005 Figures
Care - Imagine - Master - AnticipateService
Complete portfolio of electricity transmission & distribution
Products
Circuit BreakersGenerator Circuit Breakers
Gas-Insulated Substations
Instrument Transformers
Power Transformers
Disconnectors Primary Distribution Secondary Distribution Distribution Transformers
Systems
Substations Power Electronics Distributed Energy Power Distribution
Automation
Automation SupportAutomation Products Automation Systems
Service
38 38
Maintenance & Repair
Total Asset Care Erection & Commissioning
Retrofit Spare Parts Training & Network Consulting
Systems, Automation & Products:leading positions in all areas
InstrumentTransformers
Substations for Transmission
Disconnectors
Gas Insulated Switchgears
Automation
N°1
Generator Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers
HVDC
PowerTransformers
Static Power Supply
HVDC
Primary Distribution
Substations for DistributionN°2
DistributionTransformers
Distribution
Secondary Di t ib ti
N°3
39 39
Transmission focus
Distribution
N°4Distribution and industry focus
Transmission & Distribution functionalities
Generation
Transform voltages
For each function, AREVA T&D offers:
Switch
Measure
ProductsSystemsService
Protect
Manage the flows Serviceg
Interconnect networks
40 40
End user
AREVA T&D’s Offering
Transform voltageTransform voltage
41 41
Distribution TransformersPower Transformers
AREVA T&D’s Offering
SwitchSwitch
42 42
High-Voltage Switchgear Medium-Voltage Switchgear
AREVA T&D’s Offering
MeasureMeasure
43 43
Current Transformers Voltage Transformers
AREVA T&D’s Offering
ProtectProtect
44 44
HV Protection Relays MV Protection Relays
AREVA T&D’s Offering
Manage the flowsManage the flows
E M S Di ib i M S
45 45
Energy Management Systems Distribution Management Systems
AREVA T&D’s Offering
Interconnect networksInterconnect networks
HVAC HVDC
46 46
HVAC HVDC
Offers adapted to your activities
Examples:
Power Engineering Oil & Gas Passenger Transport Wind FarmsPower Engineering Oil & Gas Passenger Transport Wind Farms
Nuclear Upstream Interurban OffshoreNuclearHydroThermal
UpstreamDownstreamLNG plant
InterurbanUrban
OffshoreOnshore
47 47
Full solutions for Power Plants
Electrical solutions for connecting power plants to the grid and for in-house electricity distribution
120 years of expertise in electrical solutions for power generation120 years of expertise in electrical solutions for power generationCustomized contracts from single equipment supply to global solutionsPower quality and disturbance monitoringPower quality and disturbance monitoringSoftware solutions for optimizing powerplant assets
Long term service agreementsLong-term service agreements
Full solutions for connecting nuclear
48 48
Full solutions for connecting nuclear, hydro, thermal power plants to the grid
Full solutions for all Oil & Gas Processes
At every step of the way, through exploration and production, storage and transportation and the transformation/refining process, we offer:
A full range of MV/LV equipment for platforms, FPSO*
HV/MV/LV equipment for onshore applications
Electrical control systems including power management
Energy optimization solutions
Containerized electrical solutionsContainerized electrical solutions
Long-term service agreements
*FPSO: floating production storage offloading
49 49
Full solutions for upstream LNG plants and downstream Oil & Gas projects
Full solutions for Rail, Metro & Tram
For the entire railway electrical infrastructure: railways, metros, tramways, and electrified freight carriage, as well as locomotives, EMU (electrical multiple unit), stations, tunnels and other facilities, we offer:
A full range of products for AC (16.7/50/60Hz)or DC electricity supply
Adapted equipment for rolling stock such as traction transformers
Long-term service agreementsLong term service agreements
50 50
Advanced solutions and systems for the Rail sectorAdvanced solutions and systems for the Rail sector
Full solutions for Wind Farms
For both onshore and offshore wind farms, we offer:Power system design and grid studies
HVDC and HVAC linksHVDC and HVAC links
Pre-designed solutions for equipment to connect wind farms to the grid
SVC for power quality management
Energy trading and asset management software
Switchgear and distribution transformersSwitchgear and distribution transformers for large wind generators
Long-term service agreements
51 51
Full solutions to integrate your wind farm to the grid
AREVA Group Overview
AREVA T&D Overview
AREVA T&D Businesses
AREVA T&D Offering
AREVA T&D Power Electronics– HVDC & FACTSHVDC & FACTS
52 52
AREVA T&D SYSTEMS BUBusiness Unit Assistant
Dominique DupontSYSTEMS BU
Michel AugonnetSYSTEMS BU
Michel Augonnet
Support functions
O ti
FinanceLuis Flaquer
SourcingOli i S i t
q p
HR & collective performanceDominique Vincent
Michel AugonnetMichel Augonnet
OperationsPaul Brossier
Olivier Seignovert
Region 1 Region 2Product lines DistributedPower
CommunicationsToni Lepone
Region 1Rathin Basu
Region 2Jean Nakache
EnergyGilles David
Sub-Product lines
Power Electronics
A. Canelhas
J.C. Iemma
Distribution Segment (DIS)
Graham Johnson
HVDC
Transmission Segment (TRA)Y. Grandjean /
SYS 1 DENSYS 2HVDC
& FACTS
SPS
53 53
J. Castro
HVDC & FACTSS b P d t Li
Power ElectronicsScope of Activities
Sub-Product Line
Power Flow Control500
kV
HVDC: for both Back to Back and Point to Point schemes (overhead line or cable)
Power QualityHVDC
FACTS: SVC, STATCOM….. for Utilities and Industry
Power SuppliesElectrolysis substation: for production of aluminium
HVDC
Electrolysis substation: for production of aluminium, chlorine, copper, zinc up to 500kA -1500VDC.Traction substation: for both AC and DC suppliesSpecial supplies, e.g. laboratories
38FACTS p pp , g
ELECTROLYSIS1.5
kA
15
TRACTION
0
54 54
6 5004kA
200
Power ElectronicsHVDC & FACTS Sub-Product Line
HVDC & FACTSA. Canelhas VP
Operations (shared with SPL)B. Baudry
FinanceR. Subramanian
C i l Di tT h i l Ad i Commercial DirectorE. Moutaux
Technical AdvisorJ. Courault
R&D for Control SystemsA. Relet
Business DevelopmentS. Jourden, N. Kirby, P. Sauger
Marketing DirectorR. Critchley
R. Bonchang
UK (PES)A. Canelhas
ChinaA. Canelhas (acting)
IndiaA. BhardwajTendering
S t E i i
55 55
jSystem EngineeringTechnologyR&DSourcing
Power Electronic Activities Interacting Key Domains
System Studies/Design
Power transformerMachine
MICROELECTRONIC POWERC O C O CCOMPONENTS COMPONENTS
POWER
INTEGRATION
ALGORITHMS TOPOLOGY
R b t INTEGRATION
COOLINGRobustness
AREVA T&D PEA
56 56
AREVA T&D PEA
Basic HVDC Transmission
DC link ReceivingSendingE d
InverterRectifier
TransformerEndEnd
Vdc
F FIdc
Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)
Idcii i
t
Idci
t
i
Iact
i
Iac
57 57
Basic HVDC TransmissionBack to Back
InverterRectifier ReceivingSendingE d
TransformerEndEnd
Vdc
F F
Idc
Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)
Idcii i
t
Idci
t
i
Iact
i
Iac
58 58
Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Overhead Line
InverterRectifier
ReceivingSendingE d DC Line
TransformerEndEnd
Vdc
F F
Idc
Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)
Idcii i
t
Idci
t
i
Iact
i
Iac
59 59
Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Submarine Cable
InverterRectifier
ReceivingSendingE d
TransformerEndEnd
Vdc
F F
Idc
Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)
Idcii i
t
Idci
t
i
Iact
i
Iac
60 60
Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Underground Cable
InverterRectifier
ReceivingSendingE d
TransformerEndEnd
Vdc
F F
Idc
Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)
Idcii i
t
Idci
t
i
Iact
i
Iac
61 61
Classical 12-pulse HVDC SchemeMain Equipment
Converter Transformers
DC ReactancesThyristor Bridges
DC Filters
~ ~+
Vdc
FF FF DC lineSwitched Filter
BanksSwitched Filter
Banks
FF FF
_
Banks Banks
Many thyristors connected in series3-phase, 6-pulse
62 62
in series3 phase, 6 pulse bridge
HVDC Configuration OptionsMonopole & Bipole
Monopole example at 500 MW500 MW Monopole
FF F FFF F FPole 1
500 MWPole 1
500 MWAC
HV Cable
LV Cable AC
+ +
Bipole example built from two 500 MW poles
FF F FFF F F
1000 MW Bipole
HV Cable+ +FF F FFF F F
FF F FFF F F
Pole 1500 MW
Pole 1500 MW
LV CableAC AC
63 63
Pole 2500 MW
Pole 2500 MW
HV Cable- -
HVDCWhat are the Market Drivers?
Geographic mismatch of energy supply and load demand
Including off-shore wind farm generationg g
Energy Trading
Deregulation
System Improvement
Insurance against, dips, interruptions & blackoutsHow to value in the Return on Investment equation?
64 64
The Perfect Tool
Advantages of HVDC Links
The Power Flow on an HVDC link is Fully Controllable - Fast and Accurate!
The Operator or automatic controller determines how much power flowsThe Operator or automatic controller determines how much power flows via the link
An HVDC Link is asynchronous - the ac voltage and frequency in the two ac networks can be controlled independently of each other.
The HVDC link can be used to assist one (or even both) of the ac networks (e.g. power system damping)
HVDC links do not increase the Short Circuit Level of the system
Faults don’t transfer across HVDC interconnected systems
HVDC provides increased Transmission Capacity in a fixed corridor“Up to 3 times more power per tower”Up to 3 times more power per tower
HVDC can transport energy economically and efficiently over longer distance than ac lines or cables.
65 65
Sometimes HVDC is the only option!
Why Use HVDC?
C ti f t tiConnection of remote generation >700km
Submarine links
StationCost
>40km
Frequency conversion 50 60Hz
DCConvertorS i
DCBreak EvenDistance
50-60Hz
When synchronism of AC connections is impossible
Stations
ACStations
AC
Stations
TransmissionDistance
66 66
The Perfect Tool
More Power Per Tower
1850MW1850MVA 5550MW
DC DCAC DC DCAC
67 67
Up to 3 Times More Power
AREVA - Pioneers in HVDC
Inventors of Phase Locked Loop (1960s - now Industry standard)
Operation at less than unity short-circuit power ratio
)
3-terminal HVDC scheme
AC system damping control
Water/Glycol single circuit cooling system
Unmanned HVDC scheme 4-terminal HVDC scheme
Largest capacity (2000MW) submarine cable scheme with
“Black-start” capability at receiving end
I t t t lsubmarine cable scheme, with highest utilisation of all such schemes
No smoothing reactor required
Inverter current control
Operation without telecommunications
No smoothing reactor required
Four-winding converter transformers
Creating a national grid using back-to-back HVDC
68 68
Our HVDC Experience
Nelson River OHL Konti-Skan 1De-icer+SVCDü h *
Cheju Haenam
Nelson River OHLBP1 1000MW 1973/93BP2 2000 MW 1978/85 *
380MW Cable2006
250MW2006
Dürnrohr *380MW B-B1983/97
Cheju-Haenam300MW Cable1999McNeill
150MW B-B UK-France
SACOI380MW Cable +OHL1967/85/93
1989Chandrapur2 x500MW B-B1997
2000MW Cable1986
GCCIA BtB
1967/85/93
Rivera
Vizag500MW B-B1999
Sasaram500MW B-B2001
GCCIA BtB3 x 600MW2008
Rivera 70MW B-B2000
Cahora Bassa *1920MW OHL1978
* AREVA T&D partnering with the German HVDC Group
69 69
~20% Market Share of HVDC Projects
AREVA T&DAREVA T&DSome Examples of our HVDC Experience
70 70
Sardinia – Corsica – ItalySACOI
200 MW 200 kV Monopole
Overhead Line plus S b i C blSubmarine Cable
Commissioned 1967
Corsica tap added in 1986Corsica tap added in 1986
Italy
Corsica
Sardinia
71 71
Nelson River
1620MW, ±465kV Hydro electric over 900km
Hudson Bay
Limestone 1330 MW
MANITOBA
ysupplying half of Manitoba’s load
Commissioned 1972-77 Lake Winnipeg
Limestone 1330 MWLongspruce 980 MW
ONTARIO
Kettle 1272 MW
Co ss o ed 9
Pole 1 re-valved and uprated in 1992-93
ONTARIOWinnipeg
First scheme where HVDC link was used for AC system damping
Generator frequencies
72 72
Nelson River HVDCEffect of Damping Controls
OFFHz64
ONHz64
62
60
62
60
Kettle Generator Speed
5810 20 30 10 20 30
58 t (sec)
0.20.1
0.20.1
Hz Hz
t (sec)
0-0.1-0.2
10 20 30
0-0.1-0.2 10 20 30
73 73
Manitoba Equivalent Machine Frequency10 20 3010 20 30
Cross ChannelSellindge Converter Station
2000MW double bipole HVDC scheme
In service 1985/86, Air cooled valves
SVC per bipole
World’s largest HVDC cable scheme
A il bilit
Bipole 2 Control Building
Bipole 1
AvailabilitySpecified = 95 %
Achieved > 97 5 %
Filters
Filters
BuildingAchieved > 97.5 %
Highest Utilization of
all HVDC Schemes Filters
99.5%EdF stated that the
scheme paid for itself 4
74 74
400kV GISSubstation
SVC 2 SVC 1Cable Route
scheme paid for itself 4 times over in the first 10 years of operation!
South Korea - Cheju Cable Link
300 MW, ±180 kV, 840 A
100k b i bl li k100km submarine cable link
Commissioned 1997
Sole power source to load
Seoul
S. KOREASole power source to load-growth island
First HVDC link with:Inverter control of current
Operation without telecoms
“Bl k t t” t i i d“Black-start” at receiving endCheju
75 75
Korea - Cheju Cable Link
ChejuSite
Thyristor Valves
76 76
ElectrodeStation
McNeill: Alberta-Saskatchewan, Canada
150MW, Back to Back
Remote site
Extreme climatic conditions
First HVDC link with:Single circuit water/glycol cooling of valves
No dc smoothing reactor
Four-winding converter transformers
Short-circuit power ratio of less than unity
Completely unmanned operation -
Edmonton
McNeillCANADA
77 77
remote controlled from regional control centre
+/-150MW
USA
CANADA
ALSTOM HVDC in India -Creating a National Grid
Sasaram 500 MW2002
ChandrapurChandrapur2 x 500 MW
1997Visakhapatnam 500 MW
1998
2 000 C S O
78 78
2,000 MW HVDC supplied by ALSTOM
The Perfect HVDC Solution
79 79
Sasaram 500MW Back-to-Back HVDC Project
Back to Back HVDC Valve HallIndia
80 80
High Reliability, High-tech Valves for India
Recent experiences
2006: Successful commissioning of the HVDC link between Denmark and Swedenbetween Denmark and Sweden
2005: Order booked in Canada for an HVDCiceTM2005: Order booked in Canada for an HVDCiceHVDC that can be reconfigured as an SVC
2005: Order booked in Saudi Arabia for a 3*660 MW HVDC schemes for Gulf countries networks interconnection: GCCIA projectp j
81 81
HVDC link between Denmark and Sweden
Replace Pole 1 of HVDC submarineReplace Pole 1 of HVDC submarine link: Denmark to SwedenTwo new converter stations
Danish same site as Pole 2
KS2
KS1
Danish same site as Pole 2Swedish move to be at same site as Pole 2
Additi f bi l t l tAddition of a bi-pole control systemEnables high-level control of the existing Pole 2 as well as the new Konti-Skan 1 polepAutomatic balancing currents to cancel current flow in the sea
Converter stations fully automatedControl to be from a dispatch centre in Stockholm
Power increase to full cable rating
82 82
From 275MW to 380MWFrom 250kV to 285kV
Hydro-Quebec’s problem
During the ice storm in the winter of 1998, an accumulation of ice toppled towers andof ice toppled towers and downed hundreds of kilometres of high-voltage transmission lines.The ice storm generated ice buildup as much as 75mmAround 1 4 million people inAround 1.4 million people in Québec were without power for up to a week
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The SolutionAREVA de-icer …. HVDCice™
Another application of HVDC technologyAnother application of HVDC technology
AREVA HVDCice™ technologyGenerates up to 7,200 Adc to increase conductor temperature causing ice to melt and fall off
1st project for Hydro Quebec at Levis b t ti h b th t t fi t t isubstation, a hub that connects five strategic
lines When not used for de-icing, system will act as
SVC t i th lit f than SVC to improve the power quality of the local transmission network.Mode changeover < 30 minutesIn Service November 2006
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HVDCice™ … World's first use of HVDC to de-ice power lines
De-Icer Mode of Operation
5/7/11/1370MVAr
HP155MVAr
7,200A dc
DC &60HzFilters
315kV 43kV315kV 43kV
20kV
TSC154MVAr
85 85
HP255MVAr
…. To SVC Mode of Operation
5/7/11/1370MVAr
HP155MVAr
315kV TCR43kV
20kV
315kV TCR43kV
TSC154MVAr
86 86
HP255MVAr
GCCIA:Gulf countries networks interconnection
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GCCIA : first HVDC in Gulf countries
Turnkey contract for three 600 MW
i lnominal power back-to-back HVDC schemes
616MW to be616MW to be installed per scheme to compensate f t lfor tolerances and transmission losses
Contract signed in Nov 2005
Commissioning by
88 88
Commissioning by end 2008.
GCCIA: Site Location
GCCIA: Scope of Works
3 HVDC Back to Back schemes will connect the 50Hz 400kV
Turnkey Solution
(Saudi Arabia) and 60Hz 380 kV ac gridsEach Back to Back rated at 600MW & located at the same site
But independent in operationBut independent in operation
Each converter station will consist of:AC switchyards with harmonic filter baysAC switchyards with harmonic filter baysConverter transformersThyristor valves and controlsCivil WorksCable connection to existing & New Substations
Onerous cooling requirements as ambient is +550C
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Onerous cooling requirements as ambient is 55 CStringent limitations in use of water prevents use of evaporative cooling techniques
Latest TechnologyH400 HVDC Valves
Uses considerably fewer, state-of-the-art thyristor devices
Future-proofed for devices known to be made available during p gnext 10 yearsModular using a standardised approachapproach
Significant increase in reliability
Greater power per valve moduleGreater power per valve moduleReduces building sizes
>40% reduction in cost compared to previous version
Classified as world-beating by TransEnergie of Canada
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TransEnergie of CanadaWorld’s most advanced HVDC user
HVDC Valves
91 91
H400 Valve ModuleBuilding Block
92 92
Thyristor Clamped Assemblies
Thyristor Clamped Assembly
GRP clamping strapsp
Heatsink
Thyristor
Heatsink with coolant connection
Loading adaptor for thyristor
Power connection
93 93
Loading adaptor for thyristor changing tool
H400: Latest Technology HVDC ValvesKontiSkan HVDC Scheme
94 94
VSC HVDC
95 95
VSC HVDC SchemeMain Equipment
DC Link Capacitors
Transistor Bridge Converter
DC Chopper, discharge & O/V
protection
Converter Transformer
Bridge ReactorRFI Reactor+
Vdc
0V
FF
DC cableNon-switched
High Frequency
FF_Vdc
High Frequency Filters
Many transistors connected in series
96 96
in series
3-phase bridge, PWM 1- 2kHz
Why VSC HVDC? - 1
VSC is close to an ideal component for use in T&D networksIt acts as a motor or a generator, without mass, that can control active and reactive power simultaneouslyp yVSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC
Black Start capabilityVSC t it AC lt i th i i t ithVSC generates its own AC voltage in the receiving system with controlled amplitude and phase angleCan connect to a weak or isolated network (or load) without the need for equipment to provide a commutation voltage (Synchronous Compensator)Compensator)
No possibility of commutation failureCan use standard transformersMinimal filtering requirements – only high frequency (2-4kHz)
Active and reactive power independently controlled in one equipment
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Capacitive as well as inductive reactive powerFast response
Why VSC HVDC? - 2
VSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC Cont’dVSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC – Cont’dNo filter or other reactive power switching requiredCompact dimensions and lower weight
Mainly due to very small filtering requirements
Power reversal by adjusting the DC voltage at both converter stations
No polarity reversal required – ideal for cable schemes using much lower cost and weight extruded cablesNo control mode changes or blocking required
S th fl i ht d tSmooth power flow, right down to zeroNo discontinuous current flows
High dynamic control performanceBuilt-in STATCOM functionality to help support the gridMulti-terminal configurations are simple
Many terminals can easily incorporated
98 98
y y p
Very fast recovery from network faultsDue to no need for large reactive power banks
Disadvantages of VSC HVDC
Higher capital equipment costT i ll 15%Typically 15%
Higher power loss More than double that of classical LCC, usually 3 timesMore than double that of classical LCC, usually 3 times
EMC issues much more important
Immature technology
Inherently has lower reliabilityDue to much greater component count
100s of small IGBT chips versus 1 thyristor slice
Not used for overhead lines yetMost probably because of problems of protection against lightning
99 99
Most probably because of problems of protection against lightning
Typical Classical & VSC HVDC Losses~500MW nominal load
Converter stationsClassical 0.6%
VSC HVDC 1.8% (2 level with optimised PWM)
200km of cableCl i l 1 4%Classical 1.4%
VSC HVDC 1.8%
Scheme totalClassical 2.0% - need 510MW in to get 500MW out
100 100
VSC HVDC 5.4% - need 528MW in to get 500MW out
Reliability/Availability IssuesClassical HVDC
Uses single slice thyristors, which are easier to protect: They have a significant surge rating capabilitySwitching is regenerativeSwitching is regenerative
Fewer devices in series and associated auxiliariesState of art is 8.5kV, 125mm diameter devices
Pressure contact double sided cooling keeps silicon cooler
Simple gate drive with low PSU requirements
Less cooling plantLess cooling plantFor devices and the building
Filters are at lower frequencies
More complex transformers
Well proven technologyDeveloped over >40 years
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Developed over >40 years
Reliability/Availability issuesVSC HVDC
E h IGBT i d f ll hiEach IGBT is made from many small chipsVirtually no surge ratingNon-regenerative switching
Devices de saturate under overcurrent- Devices de-saturate under overcurrent
2.5kV devices, therefore many more items to put in seriesPressure contact to emmiter has to be via springs
Th f ff ti l i l id d l dTherefore effectively single sided cooledEven more devices needed to meet ratings
More cooling plant equipment neededF b th d i d b ildiFor both devices and building
Very complex gate drive with high PSU requirementsCreated from switching action
Filters are at higher frequencySimpler transformerAs yet, immature technology
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IGBT chip
Monopole, Bipole and “Bipolar”
MonopoleMonopoleLoss of link if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service
ClassicalFF F FFF F F
Pole 1 Pole 1
HV Cable
LV Cable
+VClassical
0V
+V
12 pulse bridge
VSC HVDCVSC HVDC
-V6 pulse bridge
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+V and –V equates to “bipolar” operation to create sinewave at the AC sideIt is not a BIPOLE
HVDC Configuration OptionsBipolep
Loss of only 50% power if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service
ClassicalFF F F
Pole 1 Pole 1
HV Cable
LV Cable
Classical
FF F F
Pole 2 Pole 2
LV Cable
HV Cable
Requires 2 fully insulated cables
VSC HVDCRequires
4 fully insulatedinsulated
cables
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Comparison of Classical HVDC and VSC Transmission
Classical HVDC VSC Transmission
Station Cost ☺☺Power Losses ☺Reliability/Availability ☺Reliability/Availability ☺Control of reactive power ☺Operation into passive ☺Operation into passive
AC network ☺Footprint ☺P i ☺Proven experience
(Service life) ☺Power range ☺
105 105
Long distance transmission ☺
Various FACTS Applications
Network System Operation Concerns
System insecurityContinuous change and restructuring
Power transfers: utility/utility….country/country
Network congestion & constraintsBecoming more & more heavily loaded
Operated in ways not originally designed/planned
Flexibility required to cope with diverse generation andFlexibility required to cope with diverse generation and load patterns…….Renewables
Stability and voltage limits, network flow control
Lack of previously held “tools”Control of generation, etc
All in an environment of:
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All in an environment of:Deregulation, politics, economics, environmental issues...
The Solution - FACTS
Flexible AC Transmission SystemsFACTS devices are used for the dynamic control of voltage, impedance and phase angle of high voltage AC transmission p p g g glines. They offer:
Better utilisation (optimisation) of existing, and new, AC systemsIncrease transfer capacity (by at least 30%), reduce losses
Maintain voltage profile under many network operating conditions
Increased system reliability & availability
Improved dynamic system stabilityImproved dynamic system stabilityBoth during and after faults
Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries
Environmental benefitsEnvironmental benefits
All with substantially less investment and environmental impact than classical reinforcement of the grid.
Insurance for the
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Insurance for the Transmission System Operator
FACTS Types
Shunt connectedShunt connectedMSC Mechanically Switched Capacitor
MSCDN Mechanically Switched Capacitive Damping Network
SVC Static VAr Compensator
RSVC Relocatable Static VAr Compensator
STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator (VSC based)
Series connectedFSC Fixed Series Capacitor compensator
TCSC Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Compensator
SSSC St ti S i S h C t (VSC b d)SSSC Static Series Synchronous Compensator (VSC based)
UPFC Unified Power Flow Controller (VSC based)
IPFC Interline Power Flow Controller (VSC based)
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SVC is the most popular FACTS device
( )
MSCMSCMSCDN
110 110
Purposes of MSC/MSCDN
Non-dynamic steady state voltage control
F tFeaturesStepwise control arrangement
Infrequent use onlyInfrequent use only
MSCDNs require system studies to determine required d i h t i tidamping characteristics
111 111
SVCs
112 112
What are SVCs?
An SVC is a continuously adjustable impedance from capacitance (+ve) through to inductance (-ve)
It can quickly respond to network changes to precisely q y p g p ycounterbalance the variations caused by a load or a fault
SVCs are shunt compensation systemsI d d t d i t d t i t i tIndependent devices connected at appropriate points on the transmission system
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SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
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SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
115 115
SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
116 116
SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
117 117
SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
118 118
SVCsA Washing Line Analogy
PProps
119 119
Why use Utility SVCs?
No Load 0MW
400kV
No Load 0MWFerranti Overvoltage Effect
800 km
400kV
Full Load: 800MWSystem Collapse
800MWVariable
800MWGenerati
800MWVariable
800MWGenerati
800MWVariable Load
800MWGeneration
Loadon Loadon
120 120
Uncompensated lines are too “short”
Why use Utility SVCs?
0MW 400kV 800MW400kV
800 km
800MWVariable
Load
800MWGenerati
on
800MWVariable
Load
800MWGenerati
on
800MWVariable Load
800MWGeneration
SVC SVC
Loadon Loadon
SVCs dynamically regulate the networkby providing or absorbing reactive power
121 121
by providing or absorbing reactive power.- Transmission line capacity is increased
SVC dynamic stability in action
Voltage PU With SVCPU
1.0With SVC
With SVC(fast recovery and low
voltage dip
With SVC(much faster recovery with lower voltage dip)
0.75 Without SVC(may just recover, but large voltage dip experienced )
Time
0.5Without SVC
(heading for system collapse)
122 122
0 0.5 1.0
TimeSeconds0.25 0.75
SVC: Power Oscillation Damping
TransmittedPowerPower
With SVC
No SVC
Time
123 123
Summary of Purposes of SVC
St d St tSteady StateRegulates voltage profile, particularly in weak systems
By providing or absorbing reactive power
Improves system power flow capacityReduce or eliminate requirement for new lines
Reduces system losses & maximizes capability of assetsy p y
DynamicPost fault recoveryPost fault recoveryPower oscillation/swing dampingImproves system stability marginsReduction of voltage fluctuations (flicker)Balancing single phase loadsReduces the incidence of black/brown-outs
124 124
educes t e c de ce o b ac /b o outs
SVC increases transmission line capacity
Components of an SVC Example: +150/-75MVAr
Local network voltage support
Better utilisation ofBetter utilisation of existing AC systems
Improves system stability
75MVAr 75MVAr75MVArThyristor Controlle
Thyristor Switched
125 125
stabilityControlled Reactor
Switched Capacitor
s
Our SVC Experience
8568 MVAr
1654 MVAr1654 MVAr
8951 MVAr
1422 MVAr3753 MVAr
24.3 GVAr SVCs Installed World-wide
126 126
21% Market Share of World-wide SVC Projects225 projects in 38 different countries
Some Recent SVC References
127 127
-75/+150MVAr SVCNGT, Lovedean, UK
Customer - National Grid Transco
Utility SVC
Local network voltage support
400kV substation400kV substation
Connected to 13kV transformer tertiary windingwinding
128 128
Inner City SVCSt. Johns Wood, London. 2 x -106/+150MVAr
129 129
-200/+237MVAr SVCWAPA, Watertown, USA
130 130
145MVAr SVCXcel Energy, Lake Yankton, USA
To minimize voltage fluctuations during weak AC system conditionsconditions
Associated with connection of wind farms
115kVIn-service: September 2004
No trips to date
131 131
p
-120/+280Mvar SVC Transgrid, Armidale, Australia
132 132
150MVAr SVC ProjectManitoba Hydro, Ponton, Canada
Very remote location:600km north of Winnipeg600km north of Winnipeg
Extremely weak point in the electrical network
Operating temperatures: -500C to + 400C
Un manned substationUn-manned substation
230kVImmunity against u ty aga stGeomagnetic InterferenceVery low noise limits!
133 133
CompactCompact Relocatable SVCs (RSVC)
134 134
What are Relocatable SVCs?
A relocatable SVC adds flexibilityC bi f i d i tCabins for indoor equipment
Valves and controls, etc
Skids for outdoor equipmentReactors, capacitors, etc
Factory assembled & testedReduced civil worksReduced civil worksSmall footprintSite work minimized3-6 month relocation
135 135
The Flexible Option
‘Compact SVC’: World’s First Relocatable Unit
Delivered to CERN, Switzerland in 1987
136 136
,Single cabin ratings up to 38kV, 200 Mvar
T 0738
Relocatable SVCon its way to Iron Acton
137 137
Power on the Move
RSVC at Iron Acton, UK
138 138
Relocatablity
Two SVCs relocated in UK during 2004/05
8 relocatable SVCs delivered to NGT, UK t ti f 1992starting from 1992
139 139
Reactive Power Compensation on the Move
RSVC on the Move
140 140
AREVA T&D’s latest SVC technology
141 141
S500 SVCFeatures
25% of physical size of previous versions
Up to 38kV AC connectionUp to 38kV AC connection
Fixed or Re-locatable versions
Shares 80% of components withShares 80% of components with H400 HVDC valve
New low cost, advanced, SVC control system already il blavailableProven on Manitoba Hydro/Ponton SVC
Delivery times from 9 to 15 months depending on scheme
142 142
Delivery times from 9 to 15 months depending on scheme complexity
Technical SolutionElectrically equivalent valve modules
Physical size comparisonPhysical size comparison
S500
S350 equivalent
S500 module
equivalent rated
module
143 143
S500 SVC Valve
3-phase valve
1 module per phase
200 MVA l200 MVAr valve
TCR and TSC versions
Relocatable orRelocatable or traditional buildings
144 144
VSC Based FACTSVSC Based FACTS
145 145
Types of VSC FACTSSTATCOM
St ti S h C tStatic Synchronous CompensatorConnected in shunt to the networkActs like a Synchronous Condenser without inertia and moving parts, but with much faster response to disturbances
RFI R t
Transistor Bridge
FF
Coupling Transformer
DC Link Capacitor
Reactor
Non-switched High Frequency
Filters
Transistor bridge can be built using same PEBB modules as
used in VSC HVDC
Many transistors connected
146 146
in series
3-phase bridge, PWM 1- 2kHz
STATCOM CharacteristicsCompared to Classical SVC
System Voltage(p.u.)Classical SVC (p u )
1.0 p.u.STATCOM
0.4 p.u.
1.0 p.u. 1.0 p.u.Capacitive Current Inductive Current
147 147
p pCapacitive Current(Leading)
Inductive Current(Lagging)
Types of VSC FACTSSSSC
Static Synchronous Series CompensatorSimilar to STATCOM but connected in series with the
k i h f linetwork, with transformer coupling
Provides series compensation by directly controlling the voltage across the series impedance effected by the t f i i ditransformer primary winding
Uses:To control power flow in lines
To prevent sub-synchronous resonance
Transistor bridge can be built using same PEBB modules as
used in VSC HVDC
148 148
used in VSC HVDC
Types of VSC FACTSUPFC
Unified Power Flow ControllerCombination of a STATCOM and an SSSCSTATCOM keeps the DC link charged as well as controlling the ac voltage amplitude at the point of connectionAs DC charge is maintained the SSSC can inject a voltage into the ac line at any phase angleinto the ac line at any phase angleCan control, individually or in combination, all three important transmission parameters
Voltage impedance angleVoltage, impedance, angle
Can control both active and reactive power flows in the line
Transistor bridges can be built i PEBB d l
149 149
STATCOM
using same PEBB modules as used in VSC HVDC
SSSC
Why VSC FACTS? - 1
Grid sees the device as a synchronous machine without inertia
Offers sub-cycle responseOffers sub cycle response
Do not require large reactive components (capacitors and shunt reactors) to provide inductive and capacitive reactive powerpower
Compact leading to minimum footprint
Operating range is wider than a classical SVCHigher reactive output at lower system voltagesRobust recovery support under severe system disturbancesSignificantly improved voltage control, particularly under contingenciescontingencies
Higher dynamic response characteristics than a classical SVC
150 150
Due to high switching frequency PWMCan mitigate voltage flicker problems
Why VSC FACTS? - 2
Power oscillation damping capabilities
For optimum dynamic voltage balancing/support the phases are independently controlled during system disturbancesare independently controlled during system disturbances
Important for rapidly fluctuating asymmetrical loads
Low losses at zero output, losses increase smoothly with b th iti d i d ti t tboth capacitive and inductive output
Active filtering capability
Modular converter design leads to wide range of ratings andModular converter design leads to wide range of ratings and a wide range of operational topologies
151 151
Disadvantages of VSC FACTS
Higher capital equipment cost~15%
EMC issues much more importantEMC issues much more important
Immature technology
Inherently has lower reliabilityInherently has lower reliabilityDue to much greater component count
100s of little IGBT chips v 1 thyristor slice
Complexity
152 152
Recent VSC Based FACTS Reference
153 153
Glenbrook STATCOMNortheast Utilities, USA
Two ±75Mvar STATCOMs
Required to assist in post fault recoverypost fault recovery
From double circuit faults
Commissioned 2004
154 154
FACTS S l tiFACTS Solutions Comparison Charts
155 155
Choice of Shunt Reactive Power Compensator
Equipment Land area
Cost Losses Speed of response
Voltage control
Harmonic performance
Application
MSC 0.8 0.6 0.2 Slow Step Possible resonance
Predictable, slow, 2x dayload changes
MSCDN 0.8 0.7 0.25 Slow Step Harmonic Predictable, slow, 2x daypdamping
yload changes
SVC 1.0 1.0 1.0 Fast Vernier Needs filters Dynamic compensation Fault recovery
RSVC 1.0 1.05 1.0 Fast Vernier Needs filters Dynamic compensation Fault recovery
STATCOM 0 6 1 15 1 0 Very fast Vernier Low Dynamic compensationSTATCOM 0.6 1.15 1.0 Very fast Vernier Low harmonic output
Dynamic compensation Fault recovery, LV operation, land constraints
156 156
Reactive Power SolutionsBestAdequate
Not appropriate
☺
FACTS DevicesShunt Series Combined
M S C
M S R
SC SR P S T
SVC(TSR/TCR/TSC)
STAT-COM
D-STAT-COM
SSSC(DVR)
TCSCTSSCTPSC
IPFC UPFC
C
Shunt Series Combined
☺☺ ☺
Solution
Problem
Voltage Control –Steady State
Voltage Control –Dynamic
Phase Balancing –
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺Phase Balancing
Steady State
Phase Balancing –Dynamic
Power Oscillation ☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺ ☺Damping
Transient Stability
Power Flow –Steady State
☺
☺☺
☺ ☺☺
☺☺
☺☺
☺ ☺
☺☺
yFault Current
Limitation
Circuit
☺
157 157
CircuitMSC = Switched CapacitorMSR = Switched ReactorSC = Series CapacitorSR = Series ReactorPST = Phase Shifting Transformer
SVC = Static Var CompensatorTSC = Thyristor Switched CapacitorTSR = Thyristor Switched Reactor TCR = Thyristor Controlled ReactorDVR = Dynamic Voltage Restorer
STATCOM = Static Synchronous CompensatorD-STATCOM = Distribution STATCOMTSSC = Thyristor Switched Series CapacitorTCSC = Thyristor Controlled Series CapacitorTPSC = Thyristor Protected Series Capacitor
IPFC = Interline Power Flow ControllerUPFC = Unified Power Flow ControllerSSSC = Static Synchronous Series Compensator
FACTS ApplicationsThe Way Forward
Detailed Network StudyInvestigate critical grid conditionsInvestigate critical grid conditions
Risks of voltage problems, power swings, resonances…
Define technical solution optionsTraditional
FACTS based
Economical study to compare various options againstEconomical study to compare various options against benefits
Create a functional specificationVAR compensation requirements
Dynamics
A ailabilit reliabilit
158 158
Availability, reliability
Environmental conditions
Control Systems
159 159
Latest TechnologySeries V Control System
Common modular platform for all power electronics solutions
Scalable flexible and fully digitalScalable, flexible and fully digital
High Dynamic Performance
Extremely easy re-use of engineeringExperience capitalization
Future proofed“Evergreen” ControlsEvergreen Controls
S/W architecture divorced from hardware as much as possible
Classified as significantly superior toClassified as significantly superior to its closest rival by TransEnergie of Canada
World’s most advanced HVDC user
160 160
World s most advanced HVDC user
Series V: Overview of implementationDuplicated system for Back to Back HVDC
161 161
Valve Test Facilities
162 162
HVDC & FACTS Testing
Valves are constructed from many large, high voltage thyristors connected in series
Many hundreds of devices for HVDC
IEC standards dictate complex testing regimes for thyristor valves which will get connected to transmissionthyristor valves which will get connected to transmission networks
Conventional testing laboratories cannot provide the required:required:
Level of power and its duration (days not seconds)
Waveform complexity
So we have our own purpose built Valve Testing Facility
163 163
Valve Test FacilityEssential to be able to test HVDC and SVC valves to international standards
During development
D i t tDuring contracts
Facility established 1960sOnly 3 similar facilities exist in the worldOnly 3 similar facilities exist in the world
Currently undergoing ~€10M investment
164 164
Valve Testing
Dielectric testingRequires amps not microamps
Operational TestingApply Representative Heating Current to the Valve
Realistically Simulate the Required Repetitive Voltage and Current Switching Stresses
Apply Voltage Impulses at Selected Times, while the Valve is Operating
165 165
Valve Testing Simplified Circuit
Operation is based on interleaving of the outputs of two independent, but synchronized, oscillators:
High Current circuitHigh Voltage Circuit
Hi h V ltHi h C t
V1
High VoltageCircuit
High CurrentCircuit
Test Valveand local
circuit
166 166
circuit
Can operate anywhere between 45Hz and 65Hz