argentina case study - babet-real5 · biomass locations with access to the electrical grid for ? kw...
TRANSCRIPT
This project is co-funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement n°654365.
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
New technology and strategy for a large and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel in rural areas
BABET–REAL5Nuevas tecnologías para la producción de biocombustibles de segunda
generación en áreas rurales
New technology and strategy for a wide and sustainable deployment
of second generation biofuel plants in rural areas
INTA ArgentinaIng Agr. Jorge A. Hilbert
1
Biofuels Assessment on Technical Opportunities and Research Needs for Latin America
2008-2010
Global Assessment of Biomass and Bioproduct Impacts on Socio-economics and Sustainability
2010 – 2014 https://www.globalbiopact.eu/
New technology and strategy for a wide and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel plants in rural áreas 2016 - 2020
https://www.babet-real5.eu/
New feedstock and innovative transformation process for a more sustainable development and production of lignocellulosic
ethanol 2009 - 2013
Digital Global Biogas CooperationDiBiCoo
2019 - 2024
HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF OUR PARTICIPATION IN EU PROJECTS
Suelos Termitas Picudo Rúmen de Llama
INTA WP1 BUSQUEDA Y DESARROLLO DE ENZIMAS LOCALES
Argentine case studyWP 4
Corn cobs and sugar cane residues
✓ Research area
✓ Initial selection of biomass and theoretical quantities.
✓ Agronomic potential
✓ Technical potential
✓ Non-competitive potential
✓ The net amount available and the mapping of the preselected biomass IN high concentrations within a
radius of 50 km.
✓ Logistics and operating costs of preselected biomass.
✓ Factors that generate the greatest risks for a sustainable supply in the short and long term.
✓ Scenarios with different risk scenarios and their impact on the preselected raw material
Preliminar selection of biomass source
The experts set a potential for waste collection at 5 t / ha / year.
With this yield, the theoretical biomass potential for sugarcane
crop residues in 2016 is estimated at 1.3 Mt. The departments that
could provide the most were Leales, Cruz Alta, Simoca and
Burruyacú, with a cane production of sugar between 57 and 75 t /
ha / year.
The theoretical biomass potential varied in the last 7
years between 700,000 t and 1,400,000 t.
The figure shows the theoretical variations of the
biomass potential: Variation were calculated
considering: 50% stems, 20% leaves, 20% cobs and
10% chalas
Agronomical potential
Soil erosion Soil organic matter Biodiversity
Risk areas that should be avoided, a recent study by INTA Gaitan
et al 2017 on erosion of national soil was used. This study
estimates the factors involved in the universal soil loss equation
(USLE) for the estimation of water erosion, integrates all the
factors involved in the equation, through geographic information
systems (GIS) and obtained the map with the land loss rate due.
To water erosion of the entire territory of the Argentine Republic.
The soil specialists of the INTA Pergamino experimental
station conducted a series of studies for the project on
soil carbon balance and projections (Irizar, A.; Milesi
Delaye; L .; Andriulo, A.). To simulate the evolution of
the SOC, the AMG model to predict the evolution of the
SOC. The model is executed annually and assumes
that fresh organic matter is mineralized or humidified in
the soil after one year.
A specific survey was conducted
in the two provinces under study.
Different layers of maps were
used to verify if there was any
conflict between potential raw
material supply areas and
environmental restrictions or
protections.
Nutritional balance
There is a low replenishment of
nutrients in Argentina that can be seen
in the work done by Cruzate and Casas
when the nitrogen, potassium and
phosphorus balance is mapped only
considering the extraction of grains from
the fields. This is corroborated with the
2019 study of INTA Fertilize
Technical potential
Losses during the supply chain can be
estimated from 10 to 20%. Therefore, it can
be concluded that the technical potential
is 80 to 90%.
Losses during the supply chain can be
estimated from 10 to 20%. Therefore, it can
be concluded that the technical potential
is 80 to 90%.
Non competitive potential
• Corn cobs are not usually collected. Harvest costs increase and time will be critical. The price will be more than € 25 / t. It is necessary to develop the entire chain, including a densification process. The use of cobs as feed for livestock will not be competitive at that price. Then the non-competitive potential is estimated at 100%.
• The sugarcane crop residues were left to decompose or burn in the fields. New projects for heating and electricity are being presented. Two contractors pick them up and sell them for fodder or boiler fuel. Commercial price of this biomass between € 17 and € 20 / t. The share of exportable sugarcane crop residues used as a complementary fuel with bagasse is estimated at 10%. Therefore, currently the non-competitive potential is estimated at 90%.
Mapping of net availability of preselected lignocellulosic biomass
• Most departments can concentrate at least 30,000
tons of cob waste within a radius of 50 km, even
under conditions of minimum performance, which
allows for a large potential deployment of 2G ethanol
plants in this region. There are concerns regarding
roads and soil conditions in the harvest season.
• Being an annual crop in rotation the places change
annually
• The results for the amount of waste available in the 500 mbuffer zones according to EEOC studies. The areas aroundthe paved roads for optimized transport are alreadysufficient to obtain a fair raw material of 127,000 tons of drybiomass. By adding the areas around the other types ofroads, the raw material total asciende a 481,000 t debiomasa seca
Production
Surface
ha
Available crop
residues
t
Cane crop area around paved roads
Low 14,002 55,448
Medium 10,313 61,259
High 1,444 10,657
Total 25,759 127,364
Cane crop area around consolidated
improved roads
Production
Low 3,903 15,456
Medium 2,114 12,557
High 229 1,690
Total 6,246 29,703
Cane crop area around dirty roads
Production
Low 38,528 152,571
Medium 24,936 148,120
High 3,198 23,601
Total 66,662 324,292
Total 500 m around the 3 types of roads 98,667 481,359
Department
Available amounts of cob in 50 km radius
(t)
Average Minimum
Colón 78,141 61,243
General Roca 45,049 30,504
General San Martín 54,007 31,070
Juárez Celmán 70,649 33,493
Marcos Juárez 84,808 55,284
Río Cuarto 65,073 22,805
Río Primero 78,900 63,134
Rio Segundo 78,853 39,092
Santa María 51,800 41,954
Tercero Arriba 74,078 38,140
Totoral 98,689 85,123
Unión 67,403 44,046
Operational and logistics costs of the selected biomass
The analysis of the road network was carried out using the
vector layer corresponding to the SIG250 of the National
Geographic Institute (IGN). It was coded according to a
specific bibliography on the relationship between the type of
road and the difficulty of movement (World Bank, 1995).
Thus, to perform the spatial analysis, accessibility was
weighted according to the characteristics of the road network
and, considering the attributes.
The 50% reduction in the speed of the corn harvester, increase
to $ 141 / ha, and the additional cost to harvest the marlo would
be $ 48 / ha (Maung & Al 2011).
Therefore, the general cost of collecting and separating the cob
in a single step would be $ 119 / ha (141-71 + 48) or $ 102 / t (€
82 / t 02/18 utilization rate ) using an average yield for the ear of
0.86 t / ha.
The total cost of supply of sugarcane waste, including
spinning, wrapping and field transport to storage facilities,
loading to the plant and cleaning before processing at the
factory would range between € 36 and € 43 / t ..
Risk and opportunities detection
CORN COBS
• Reduced availability of external collection contractors willing to invest in new machinery for CCR collection.
• Low willingness of producers to increase their risk of harvest due to increases in time
• Harvest concentration and low passability due to coincidence with wet period
• Technologies and transport and storage costs.
RAC
• Energy developers and sugar mills willing to use SCR to generate steam and electricity
• Economy in the use of SCR for the production of energy and paper.
• Availability of contractors for the SCR transport and storage harvest.
This project is co-funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement n°654365.The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
New technology and strategy for a large and sustainable deployment of second generation biofuel in rural areas
BABET-REAL5WP5
DESARROLLO METODOLOGICO
ESTUDIO DE CASO ARGENTINO
External conditions
10/10/2019 14
• Policy scheme creates a Market through a mandatory 12% cut• Prices set from the central government with differences by raw material (cane /
corn).• 1G plants are gaining in Technology, efficiency and environmental impact.• New co-products are added that benefit the system.• The increase in blending levels is in constant discussion with possibilities of
increase as well as special markets.• Work began on the New Biofuels Law with divergent positions. The carbon
credit scheme is being studied as the recent program of Brazil called RenovaBio
Common methodology
10/10/2019 15
- Applicable within the framework of the duration of the project (maximum 18
months)
- Based primarily on real and available data found at the local / national level
by each participant in the consortium
- Step by step research with goals and decision points happens does not
happen to optimize available resources. (i.e. horan hobre and resources)
- Close cooperation between WP participants seeking and providing
information (eg Arterris, INIA, INTA, Ovalie, WIP) and those in charge of
processing technical information for economic and environmental purposes
(ie INPT, UNAM, CIEMAT, MAGUIN, APYGEC, CMM )
Best scenario for the deployment of plant
10/10/2019 16
Logistics for supplying the
biomass
Logistics for exporting the
ethanol biogas and
byproducts
Access to the facilities and
synergies with other
industrial plants
Mapping of the nearest fuel storage
facilities in or near the area of biomass
concentration
Mapping of the nearest gas storage or
gas injection network facilities in or near
the area of biomass concentration
Mapping of the nearest biofuel
production plants in or near the area of
biomass concentration
Mapping of the nearest biogas
production plants in or near the area of
biomass concentration
Zoom mapping of fields/roads/existing or potential
intermediate storage facilities in the selected area of
concentrated biomass production
Scenarios for the locations of ethanol production
plant(s) taking into account best logistics solutions
(i.e. cost and environmental wise) for supplying
biomass
Locations with access to the electrical
grid for ? KW in the area of
concentration of biomass
Locations of major industrial plants in or
near the area of concentration of
biomass
Location of industrial plants reducing or
ceasing activities (distilleries, 1G
ethanol…)
Locations of distributors and sub-
contractors for raw materials and
services (notably the building and
maintenance of the plant)
Best scenarios for the locations of ethanol production plant(s) taking into account
best logistics solutions for the supply of biomass, the exportation of ethanol and
biogas, the disposal of residues or buproduct use and the access to the facilities
and other raw materials and services
General synoptic
10/10/2019 17
Biomass feedstock:
Defined area(s):
Best scenario for the deployment of
plants taking into account theLogistics for supplying the biomass
Logistics for exporting the ethanol and biogas
and byproducts ex digestate
Access to the electrical and water supplying
grids/networks
Synergies with existing industrial plants
NEXT ROAD MAP + until Dec/18
Local economical data for Feedstock purchasing costs
Chemical products purchasing costs
Electricity, water purchasing costs
Ethanol sales price
Methane sales price
Digestate valorisation
NEXT ROAD MAP
Techno-economic and environmental
evaluation STEP1
Not taking into account local operating
conditionsBiomass samples processing by research labs
(INPT, CIEMAT, UNAM)
WP11, 21, 31 & WP12, 22, 32
AS SOON AS BIOMASS AVAILABLE
Techno-economic and environmental evaluation
STEP2
Taking into account local operating conditions
Preliminary business planProfit & Loss statement for production unit
processing 30,000 t DM
Financial/investment plan for production unit
processing 30,0000 t DM
Socio-economical benefits
Risk analysis
M27-M35 M27-M32 M27-M42
M36-M45
M42-M48
Study area
Ha
10/10/2019 18
Resultados para Tucuman Argentina
10/10/2019 19
10/10/2019 20
Agronomical potential
RAC
❖ 70% of the total reidues in the specific humid area
10/10/2019 20
AREA HUMEDA
Technical availability
RAC
80 to 90%
Losses are estimated between 10 & 20 %
10/10/2019 21
Non competitive use
SCR competitive use
90%
Could be used
It is now left to decompose and sometimes it burns.
Few applications in the area o study for forage
Ther are new projects to produce heat and energy from
RAC and bagazze
10/10/2019 22
Storage step study
❑ 400 kg BalesCost: 13 US$/tn
❑ Rollos de 380 kg12.9 US$/tn
❑ 32.400 tn biomass(8% Humidity)
❑ Storage time: 7 month
❑ Storage 47.500 bales ➔ 94.500 m3
1. Altitude 6 bales: 18.900 m2 967.000 US$ (Valor Oct 2018)
2. Altitude 12 bales: 8.750 m2 ➔ 448.000 US$
❑ Storage altitude 6 bales:
19.684 m2 plastic 200 micrones
➔ 65,6 bobinas/year ~ 3.936,8 kg
Storage considerations
10/10/2019 24
• Feeding requirements of the plant in TMS / day (day distribution)• Area to consider• Harvest period in days / months• Number of storage days required• Type of centralized or decentralized logistics• Type of temporary or permanent storage (roofs or plastic covers)• Maximum height• Final density achieved (bales, pellets)• Amortization of facilities in years• Stabilize Humidity Achieved• Investment in handling and transport equipment
• Number size and power• Amortization in hours of operation• Costs and working conditions
Principal gas and electricity grid in the area Tucumán
Principales input products
Gas Campo Durán, Salta NaOH y H2SO4 : Fábricaciones Militares Río III
UREA: PROFÉRTIL y BUNGE, Bahía Blanca
Results Tucuman Argentina
10/10/2019 27
Harvesting step Know technique 1 Know technique 2
Specify which technique Large square bales 500 kg Large square beles 400 kg
Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the harvesting of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 1,20 1,10
Post-harvesting step
Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the uploading of the harvested biomass on the transportaion vehicule to the plant
in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 0,23 0,24
If additional conditioning of the biomass is required prior to transportation (e.g. pressing for wheat chaff) not applicable not applicable
Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the conditioning of the harvested biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable
Transporting step Selected mean of transportation Selected mean of transportation
Specify which type of transport and full load capacity (e.g. truck 20 t) truck with trailes 240 HP 30 tons truck with trailes 240 HP 30 tons
Estimated diesel fuel consumption in liters per 100 km at full load 31 - 35 31 - 35
Pre-storing step (if applicable) Selected pre-storing technique Selected pre-storing technique
Downloading of the biomass from the transporting vehicule and assembling of the biomass for the pre-storage not applicable not applicable
Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the downloading of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable
If plastic sheets or other consumables are required to condition the biomass, specify which type not applicable not applicable
Estimated quantity in kg per ton equivalent dry matter not applicable not applicable
Storing step Selected storage technique Selected storage technique
Specify which type (under shed, under silage if biomass harvested wet, etc.) permanent covered storage covered storage with plastic sheets
Downloading of the biomass from the transporting vehicule and assembling of the biomass for the storage type manitou MT 742 type manitou MT 742
Estimated diesel fuel consumption for the downloading of the biomass in liters per ton equivalent dry matter 0,1 0,1
If plastic sheets or other consumables are required to condition the biomass, specify which type of plastic permanent roof no cement floor
poliethilene 200 micrones UV
protection
Estimated quantity in kg per ton equivalent dry matter 0,3 0,3
DATA related to the biomass for APYGEC/CMM to run the Life Cycle Assessment
Results Tucuman Argentina
10/10/2019 28
Data to help defining the best scenario of the plant(s) location(s) and for the LCA evaluation of APYGEC/CMM
N.B. The objective of collecting the geographical coordinates is to be able to map the different locations in a GIS in the country
Location of the plant ruta Provincial 322 y la ruta Nacional 9. 27°04'32.8"S 65°09'28.9"W
Exportation of the products GPS or UTM geographical coordinates
Means of transportation (i.e. truck + capacity in
tons per trip; train + capacity; boat + capacity)
Estimated distance between the location and the
centre of the targeted area(s) of biomass supply
Location of the nearest ethanol storage or fuel
blending facility in or near the targeted area(s) of
biomass supply 31°21'18.5"S 63°59'01.8"W Trucks by road capacity 34 to 39000 liters
Location of the nearest methane storage facility in or
near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -22.205288, -63.660642 By pipeline from Campo Duran, Salta
Location of the nearest methane injection port to the
national grid in or near the targeted area(s) of 27°05'14.6"S 65°14'54.5"W
Location of the nearest 1G ethanol production plants
in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply27°04'17 S 65°13'40"W
Leales biorefinery produces 1 generation
bioethanol
Location of the nearest methane production plants in
or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply26°50'41.9"S 65°08'22.9"W
Location of the nearest energy production plant from
gas fuel in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass
supply
26°59'33.5"S 65°10'59.5"W
Importation of the facilities to the
plant gateLocations of the electricity substation(s) with
sufficient delivery capacity in or near the targeted
area(s) of biomass supply
Locations of the natural gas substation(s) with
sufficient delivery capacity in or near the targeted
area(s) of biomass supply
Locations of the tap water substation(s) with sufficient
delivery capacity in or near the targeted area(s) of
biomass supply
Importation of the chemicals to the
plant gate GPS or UTM geographical coordinates
Means of transportation (i.e. truck + capacity in
tons per trip; train + capacity; boat + capacity)
Estimated distance between the departure and
arrival locations by type of means of
transportation
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
NaOH to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 43 km
Location of the manufacturing plant(s) for NaOH
inside or outside the country
See details bellow A60 of all the locations of
plants in Argentina Truck
659 km( Considering Transport from Fábrica Militar
Río Tercero ). There are more options
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
H2SO4 to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 28.800 L 43 km
Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for
H2SO4 inside or outside the country
See details bellow A68 of all the locations of
plants in Argentina Truck 28.800 L
659 km( Considering Transport from Fábrica Militar
Río Tercero ). There are more options
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
urea to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply 26°42'07.6"S 65°13'40.4"W LUBRE SRL 44,3 km
Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for urea
inside or outside the country
Profertil 38 47 09 S 62 16 39 W Bunge 34 10
59 S 59 00 37 W By truck 29 tons
Distance from PROFERTIL: 1496 KM .
Distance from BUNGE: 1152 km
Within a radius of 20 km around the plant
Substations 1, 2, 3 ...GPS or UTM coordinates
30 and 150 Kv lines pass by the location
Main gas pipe that takes gas to the south goes my the plant. According to the company the posibility of injection is conditioned to the volume and cost of a
substation.
Groundwater extraction from the aquifer is needed (well with pump)
10/10/2019 29
Data to help defining the best scenario of the plant(s) location(s) and for the LCA evaluation of APYGEC/CMM
N.B. The objective of collecting the geographical coordinates is to be able to map the different locations in a GIS in the country
Location of the plant ruta Provincial 322 y la ruta Nacional 9. 27°04'32.8"S 65°09'28.9"W
Exportation of the products GPS or UTM geographical coordinates
Means of transportation (i.e. truck + capacity in
tons per trip; train + capacity; boat + capacity)
Estimated distance between the location and the
centre of the targeted area(s) of biomass supply
Location of the nearest ethanol storage or fuel
blending facility in or near the targeted area(s) of
biomass supply 31°21'18.5"S 63°59'01.8"W Trucks by road capacity 34 to 39000 liters
Location of the nearest methane storage facility in or
near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -22.205288, -63.660642 By pipeline from Campo Duran, Salta
Location of the nearest methane injection port to the
national grid in or near the targeted area(s) of 27°05'14.6"S 65°14'54.5"W
Location of the nearest 1G ethanol production plants
in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply27°04'17 S 65°13'40"W
Leales biorefinery produces 1 generation
bioethanol
Location of the nearest methane production plants in
or near the targeted area(s) of biomass supply26°50'41.9"S 65°08'22.9"W
Location of the nearest energy production plant from
gas fuel in or near the targeted area(s) of biomass
supply
26°59'33.5"S 65°10'59.5"W
Importation of the facilities to the
plant gateLocations of the electricity substation(s) with
sufficient delivery capacity in or near the targeted
area(s) of biomass supply
Locations of the natural gas substation(s) with
sufficient delivery capacity in or near the targeted
area(s) of biomass supply
Locations of the tap water substation(s) with sufficient
delivery capacity in or near the targeted area(s) of
biomass supply
Importation of the chemicals to the
plant gate GPS or UTM geographical coordinates
Means of transportation (i.e. truck + capacity in
tons per trip; train + capacity; boat + capacity)
Estimated distance between the departure and
arrival locations by type of means of
transportation
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
NaOH to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 43 km
Location of the manufacturing plant(s) for NaOH
inside or outside the country
See details bellow A60 of all the locations of
plants in Argentina Truck
659 km( Considering Transport from Fábrica Militar
Río Tercero ). There are more options
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
H2SO4 to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply -26.776815, -65.226885 Truck 28.800 L 43 km
Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for
H2SO4 inside or outside the country
See details bellow A68 of all the locations of
plants in Argentina Truck 28.800 L
659 km( Considering Transport from Fábrica Militar
Río Tercero ). There are more options
Location of the nearest bulk distribution station(s) for
urea to the targeted area(s) of biomass supply 26°42'07.6"S 65°13'40.4"W LUBRE SRL 44,3 km
Location of the nearest manufacturing plants for urea
inside or outside the country
Profertil 38 47 09 S 62 16 39 W Bunge 34 10
59 S 59 00 37 W By truck 29 tons
Distance from PROFERTIL: 1496 KM .
Distance from BUNGE: 1152 km
Within a radius of 20 km around the plant
Substations 1, 2, 3 ...GPS or UTM coordinates
30 and 150 Kv lines pass by the location
Main gas pipe that takes gas to the south goes my the plant. According to the company the posibility of injection is conditioned to the volume and cost of a
substation.
Groundwater extraction from the aquifer is needed (well with pump)
10/10/2019 30
Pasos Tecnicas seleccionadas Costo € / t DM
Cosecha Fardos prismatico (400/500 kg each) 11,4
Post-cosecha
Transporte distancia 10 km 1,24
Pre-almacenamiento Descarga 1,15
Almacenamiento altura de 6 fardos 1,61
Costo total 15,36
Compensación por pérdidas de material orgánica y reposición mineral -
Ganancia estimada para el productor 20
Precio estimado de compra 35,36
Preliminary results WP52 Argentina
RAC Tucumán
Preliminary results WP52 Argentina
10/10/2019 31
Products Prices Comments
Etanol a venta €/l – Precio corriente 0.508 Actualizado SE
Rango del los últimos cinco años 0.80
Methane to sale €/MWhLHV 30,80 GNC vehicular
Rango del los últimos cinco años
Compra gas natural €/MWhLHV 19.45
Rango ultimos 5 años 18.70 Precio mínimo
NaOH €/t producto puro 855 Actual
H2SO4 €/t producto puro 189 Actual
RAC Tucumán
Results Tucuman Argentina
10/10/2019 32
Points to continue working till the end of
the project
10/10/2019 33
• Markets and posibilities & selling prices of coproducts• Biomethane posibilities in the región• Test new data on the techno economic and environmental
tool.• Sensibility analysis• Electric generation competition with 1G plants on bagaze• Effluent volumes and treatment• Residues post-treament and posible use• Economics & energy balances• Environmental impact and GHG results
Gracias por la atención !!
Jorge Antonio Hilbert
Instituto de Ingeniería Rural INTA
EQUIPO DE TRABAJOWP4 y 5
Jorge A. HilbertJoaquin M OrtizDaniel GrassoLuis E ErazzuJonatan Manosalva