argument metamodel 1 - object management groupsysa.omg.org/docs/mar10/argument metamodel 1.pdfboth...
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Argument Metamodel 1.0Argument Metamodel 1.0Luke Emmet
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© Adelard 2008
Overview
� Assurance case
� Argument Metamodel (ARM)
� Software Assurance Evidence Metamodel (SAEM)
� Process
� The Spec
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© Adelard 2008
Proposed by
� Adelard LLP
� University of York
� KDM Analytics
� Lockheed Martin
� CSC
� Supported by:
� Mitre Corporation
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ARM - consensus building
� Series of draft versions presented and discussed at SysA SIG and laterly PTF
� Adelard and Uni York working together
� Working together towards a joint specification
� Building on GSN and CAE
� Based on industry experience
� Abstracted the most important concepts of argumentation
� Includes the concepts required for any possible use of argumentation
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ARM early draft – CAE/GSN consolidation
t
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ARM intermediate draft
Assurance Case Level
(packaging)
Assurance Case
Element Level (abstract
contents)SAEM
Interface
Structured Argument Level (argument components)
Types of argument
componentsReference to
argument
elements
Types of links
(interpretation of
associations)
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ARM Approach
� Previous OMG SWA meetings tasked University if York and Adelard with ‘unifying’ our approaches
� Both based on core concepts of argumentation, but with some differences in emphasis and presentation
� Significant experience with, and industrial validation of these notations considered to provide sound basis for the OMG Argumentation meta-model
� Worked from first principles to establish core concepts upon with both notations are based
� Cognisant of ISO 15026 model
� Backward compatibility with both approaches
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© Adelard 2008
Contents
� 1 Scope� 2 Conformance� 3 Normative References� 4 Terms and Definitions� 5 Symbols� 6 Additional Information
� 6.1 Changes to Adopted OMG Specifications� 6.2 How to Read this Specification� 6.3 Acknowledgements
� 7 ARM – background and rationale� 7.1 Background – the need for assurance cases� 7.2 Structured arguments� 7.3 Arguments as asserted positions� 7.4 Structured arguments in ARM
� 8 ARM Specification� 8.1 Overview� 8.2 Class definitions� 8.3 Examples
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ARM – background and rationale
• 7.1 Background – the need for assurance cases• Societal dependency on technology
• Not just reducing risks but communicating how
• An established approach – already used in safety and security domain
• Existing tool support
• 7.2 Structured arguments• Series of propositions (claims) presented to establish a conclusion (claim)
• “chains of reasoning”
• 7.3 Arguments as asserted positions• An important point
• Arguments communicate a particular stakeholder assertion of the relationship between claims
• Wider in scope than logical formulae that can be mechanically checked
• 7.4 Structured arguments in ARM• Directed graph of connected claims
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8 ARM Technical specification
Argument
LinksElements
ClaimsInformation
References
+ve, -ve
support
Annotation
Context
The view from 1 mile up
Argument
reasoning
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Argument comprises argument elements and links
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Argument elements are
information chunks
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Argument links are relations between elements
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Containment and referencing
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Discussion