armezon herbicide technical information brochure - basf
TRANSCRIPT
Armezon™ Herbicide Technical Information BrochureTough on Weeds. Safe on Corn.
1 Introduction
2 Physical and Chemical Properties
3 Mode of Action
4 Formulation and Use
5 Resistance Management
6 Weeds Controlled by Armezon™ Herbicide
8 Toxicological and Environmental Profile
10 Safety, Stewardship and First Aid Measures
cont
ents
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 1
above:
Armezon-sensitive weeds turn
white, called “bleaching” due
to loss of pigmentation.
Introduction
Developed by BASF, Armezon™ herbicide is a highly flexible
postemergence solution for corn growers, providing excellent control
of tough broadleaf weeds and grasses to help protect yield potential.
This broad-spectrum herbicide has a wide postemergence application
window and ultra-low use rate for improved operational efficiency.
Topramezone, the active ingredient in Armezon, is a pyrazolone, a unique subclass
of the HPPD-inhibiting herbicides. Armezon’s unique chemistry offers highly effective,
consistent control of key broadleaf weeds and grasses, including those that have
developed resistance to glyphosate, triazines, PPO- and ALS-inhibitors.
Field trials have demonstrated that Armezon offers excellent selectivity to all types of
corn, even specialty corn varieties that are sensitive to other herbicides.
Key Features and Benefits:
n Broad-spectrum foliar control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds
n Safe for use on all field and speciality corn regardless of trait, even sensitive varieties
of popcorn, seed corn and sweet corn
n Wide postemergence application window to give growers application flexibility
n HPPD site of action offers an additional tool for weed resistance management
n Low active ingredient use rates for convenient handling and low
environmental exposure
n Excellent compatibility with other herbicides (e.g., dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin,
dicamba or triazines)
phys
ical
and
che
mic
al p
rope
rtie
sCode name BAS 670H
Active ingredient Topramezone
Chemical family Pyrazolone
Chemical name (IUPAC) (3-(4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl)-4-methanesulfonyl-2-
methylphenyl)-(5-hydroxyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-
4-yl methanone)
Molecular formula C16H17N3O5S
Molecular mass 363.39
Melting point 220.9-222.2°C; 99.8%
Appearance White crystalline solid; 99.8%
Vapor pressure <1x10E-12; 20°C; 99.7%
<1x10E-12; 25°C; 99.7%
Solubility in water 510 mg/L at 20°C (pH 3.1); 99.7%
Solubility in Dichloromethane 25-29 g/L; DMF 114-133 g/L; acetone
organic solvents <10 g/L; acetonitrile <10 g/L; ethylacetate <10 g/L; toluene
<10 g/L; methanol <10 g/L; 2-propanol <10 g/L;
n-heptane <10 g/L; 1-octanol <10 g/L
All at 20°C; 99.9%
Partition coefficient - 0.81 pH 4 at 20°C; 99.9%
(log Pow) - 1.52 pH 7 at 20°C; 99.9%
- 2.34 pH 9 at 20°C; 99.9%
Solo formulation
A.I. content and 336 g ae/liter (2.8 lbs ae/gal)
formulation type SC (suspension concentrate)
2 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 3
Field Corn
Armezon Herbicide Metabolism-Based Selectivity
Time after treatment (hours)24
49% 51%
14%
86%
48
Ra
dio
ac
tivi
ty (
% o
f to
tal)
Black Nightshade
Topramezone
Inactive metabolites
Giant Foxtail
Time after treatment (hours)24
7%
48
21%
Time after treatment (hours)24
76%86%
48
24%14%
93%
79%
Ra
dio
ac
tivi
ty (
% o
f to
tal)
Ra
dio
ac
tivi
ty (
% o
f to
tal)
above:
Orange bars show very rapid
metabolism of topramezone
in corn varieties compared to
sensitive weeds. BASF lab
study 2004.
Mode of Action
Armezon™ herbicide is a potent inhibitor of HPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,
an enzyme in the plastoquinone biosynthetic pathway), and indirectly the carotenoid
biosynthetic pathway. As a result, oxidative degradation of chlorophyll occurs, leading
to pronounced whitening or “bleaching” of sensitive weeds. These bleaching effects will
be visible on new growth within five days of treatment. Ultimately, growth is inhibited.
Under the influence of light, chlorotic tissues become necrotic, and sensitive plants usually
die within 7-14 days after treatment.
Selectivity
Because corn rapidly metabolizes Armezon to non-active substances, the herbicide
has excellent selectivity in field corn (grain, silage and seed), sweet corn, and popcorn,
regardless of trait and variety. Corn tolerance to Armezon is also based on a lower
sensitivity of the enzymatic target. In vitro assays show that Armezon exhibits a 10-fold
higher inhibitory activity of the HPPD enzyme in giant foxtail (Seteria faberi) than in corn.
Crop response (transient bleaching) from postemergence applications may occur under
extremely wet and/or cold weather conditions or when the crop is suffering from stress.
These effects are temporary. The plant quickly outgrows these effects and develops
normally with no affect on yield potential.
4 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
Absorption and Translocation
Armezon™ herbicide is translocated systemically throughout the plant. When Armezon
is used postemergence, susceptible weeds take up the herbicide through the treated
foliage and cease growth soon after application. Adjuvants enhance leaf absorption and
distribution of Armezon.
Formulation and Use
Armezon is formulated as a suspension concentrate (2.8 lbs ae/gal).
Application
Armezon can be used postemergence in a total post or sequential preemergence/
postemergence system. It will typically be tank mixed with atrazine and/or glyphosate
for a broader spectrum of postemergence weed control. Mixtures with a residual
herbicide such as dimethenamid-p or pendimethalin are recommended for early
postemergence applications.
Optimum postemergence activity of Armezon requires the addition of adjuvants such
as crop oil concentrate (COC) or methylated seed oil (MSO) plus ammonium sulfate (AMS)
or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). For best performance use MSO except in cases where a
specific tank-mix partner prohibits use.
Young and actively growing weeds are more susceptible to Armezon applications
compared to weeds in advanced growth stages. Foliar uptake of Armezon may be
slowed down when used under cold and/or dry weather conditions, which may reduce
the speed and overall level of control.
Compatibility with Other Herbicides Armezon is compatible with other herbicides either as a tank mixture or as part of a
sequential weed management program.
Armezon is compatible with all classes of insecticides either as a tank mixture or as
part of a sequential program.
Tank mixtures with strobilurin-based fungicides may result in temporary crop response
(chlorosis, whitening, and/or necrosis). Subsequent growth is typically unaffected.
Refer to individual product labels for precautionary statements, restrictions, rates and
approved uses.
above:
Leaf uptake and translocation
of Armezon at 48 hours after
treatment in black nightshade
(Solanum nigrum) and giant
foxtail (Setaria faberi). Blue color
demonstrates translocation
outside treated leaf. BASF lab
study 2004.
T R E AT E DL E A F
T R E AT E DL E A F
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 5
Mixing Order
Mix Armezon™ herbicide thoroughly in container before dispensing.
Liquid fertilizer as a carrier for postemergence applications of Armezon is not
recommended. Use only water as a carrier.
n Water - Fill the spray tank 1/2 to 3/4 full with clean water and start agitation.
n Armezon - Add required amount to spray tank while agitating.
n After the Armezon has visibly dispersed, add spray additives and fill the remainder of
the tank with water.
Tank Mix Preparation
When tank mixing Armezon with recommended herbicides, add the other herbicides and
other components in the following order while agitating:
n Water - Fill the spray tank 1/2 to 3/4 full with clean water.
n Soluble packet products - Mix thoroughly.
n Water-dispersible products (such as suspension concentrates [SC; Armezon],
suspo-emulsions, wettable powders [WP], dispersible granules [DG], dry flowables
[DF], or liquid flowable [LF] formulations) - Mix thoroughly.
n Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) products
n Spray adjuvants
n Water - While agitating, fill the remainder of the tank with water.
Minimum Time From Application to Planting of Following Crops Application rates and timing can affect subsequent crops. Refer to country specific
product labeling for details.
Resistance Management
Resistance to HPPD inhibitor herbicides are known to exist. Always use good resistance
management practices including, but not limited to, tank mixtures and/or rotation
with herbicides that have a different site of action, crop rotation, and mechanical weed
control. Repeated applications of a single site of action in a weed management program
increase the probability of selecting for naturally occurring biotypes with less susceptibility
or tolerance.
As an HPPD inhibitor, Armezon herbicide is effective against broadleaf weeds and grasses
that have developed resistance to herbicides such as glyphosate, triazines, PPO- and
ALS-inhibitors.
above top:
Glyphosate + NIS + AMS
above bottom:
Armezon (0.75 fl oz/A) +
atrazine (1 pt/A) + glyphosate
+ COC + AMS
2011 University of Tennessee Field Trial – 8 Days After Treatment Confirmed glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
6 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
Weeds Controlled by Armezon™ Herbicide
Postemergence applications of Armezon in the US have demonstrated control or
suppression of the following annual grasses and broadleaf weeds:
above:
Armezon herbicide provides
excellent control of tough
broadleaf weeds and grasses.
Scientific Name Bayer Code Common Name
Grasses
Brachiaria platyphylla BRAPP Broadleaf signalgrass
Digitaria spp. DIGSS Crabgrass spp.
Echinochloa crus-galli ECHCG Barnyardgrass
Eleusine indica ELEIN Goosegrass
Eriochloa villosa ERBVI Woolly cupgrass
Panicum dichotomiflorum PANDI Fall panicum
Panicum miliaceum PANMI Wild proso millet
Pennisetum glaucum PESGL Yellow foxtail
Setaria spp. SETSS Foxtail spp.
Sorghum bicolor SORVU Shattercane
Sorghum halepense SORHA Johnsongrass
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 7
Scientific Name Bayer Code Common Name
Broadleaf Weeds
Abutilon theophrasti ABUTH Velvetleaf
Amaranthus palmeri AMAPA Palmer amaranth
Amaranthus spp. AMASS Pigweed spp., Waterhemp spp.
Ambrosia spp. AMBSS Ragweed spp.
Anoda cristata ANVCR Spurred anoda
Brassica spp. BRASS Mustard spp.
Capsella bursa-pastoris CAPBP Shepherd’s-purse
Cassia tora CASTO Sicklepod
Conyza canadensis ERICA Horseweed (marestail)
Chenopodium album CHEAL Common lambsquarters
Datura stramonium DATST Jimsonweed
Galinsoga ciliata GASCI Hairy galinsoga
Helianthus annuus HELAN Common sunflower
Hibiscus trionum HIBTR Venice mallow
Kochia scoparia KCHSC Kochia
Lamium amplexicaule LAMAM Henbit
Latuca serriola LACSE Prickly lettuce
Polygonum spp. POLSS Smartweed
Richardia scabra RCHSC Florida pusley
Salsola iberica SASKR Russian thistle
Sicyos angulatus SIYAN Burcucumber
Sida spinosa SIDSP Prickly sida
Sinapis arvensis SINAR Wild mustard
Solanum spp. SOLSS Nightshade spp.
Stellaria media STEME Common chickweed
Xanthium strumarium XANST Common cocklebur
above:
Armezon™ herbicide
controls annual grasses and
broadleaf weeds including
Amaranthus spp.
8 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
Toxicological and Environmental Profile
Topramezone, the active ingredient in Armezon™ herbicide, does not demonstrate
genotoxic, carcinogenic or neurotoxic potential and has no effect on fertility. Some
evidence of developmental toxicity was observed in animal studies but only at doses that
are significantly higher than those used for risk assessments.
The residues present in corn are below the determination limit of 0.01 mg/kg grain or
silage, and do not raise a concern to consumers.
The ecotoxicity profile of topramezone is favorable and does not raise a concern to
the environment.
Mammilian Toxicology
Species Study Effect Level
Rat Oral LD50 > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Rat Acute dermal LD50 > 2,000 mg/kg bw
Rat Acute inhalation LC50 = > 5 mg/L
Rabbit Skin irritation Not irritating
Rabbit Eye irritation Not irritating
Guinea pig Skin sensitization Not sensitizing (maxim test)
Ames test Mutagenicity Negative
Toxicity to Avian Species
Species Study Effect Level
Bobwhite quail C. virginianus
Birds, acute oral LD50 > 2,000 mg a.s./kgbw NOEL > 2,000 mg a.s./kgbw
Toxicity to Freshwater and Estuarine Organisms
Species Study Effect Level
Rainbow trout Orcorhynchus mykiss
Fish, acute Static, 96h LC50 > 100 mg/L
Bluegill L. macrochirus
Fish, acute Static, 96h LC50 > 250 mg/L
Rainbow trout Orcorhynchus mykiss
Fish, early life stage Flow-through 96d NOEC = 3.2 mg/L
Daphnia Daphnia magna
Water flea, acute Static, 96h LC50 > 100 mg/L
Daphnia Daphnia magna
Water flea, acute Reproduction, semi-static, 21d NOEC = 50 mg/L
Green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Algae Static, 96h EbC50 =17.2 mg/L
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 9
Toxicity to Earthworms
Species Study Effect Level
Earthworm Eisenia foetida
Earthworm, acute LC50 > 1,000 mg/kg (dry soil weight)
Earthworm Eisenia foetida
Earthworm, acute NOEC = 2.96.3 mg/kg
Toxicity to Honeybees
Species Study Effect Level
Honeybee Apis mellifera
Acute oral
LD50 > 72.05 µg/bee
Honeybee Apis mellifera
Acute contact
LD50 > 100.00 µg/bee
Effect on Natural Resources
Soil: Neither topramezone nor its metabolites are stable in an active soil environment.
Water: Applied according to the label recommendation, topramezone and its metabolites
are degradable in natural water bodies and are within the regulatory thresholds.
Air: Volatilization studies from plant and soil surfaces showed a very low potential for
topramezone to be displaced into the atmosphere.
1 0 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
Safety, Stewardship and First Aid Measures
Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals
Caution: Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.
Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Wash thoroughly with soap and water
after handling.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Some materials that are chemically resistant to this product are listed below. If you want
more options, follow the instructions for Category A on an EPA chemical resistance
category selection chart.
Applicators and other handlers must wear:
n Long-sleeved shirt and long pants
n Chemical resistant gloves Category A
n Shoes plus socks
Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily
contaminated with this product’s concentrate. DO NOT reuse them. Follow manufacturer’s
instructions for cleaning and maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist,
use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.
User Safety Recommendations
Users should:
n Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet.
n Remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and
put on clean clothing.
n Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves
before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.
Storage Notes
For topramezone, the shelf-life study in original containers confirmed excellent storage
stability for 24 months.
Topramezone is non-explosive and neither the active ingredient nor the co-formulants have
any oxidizing potential.
A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E 1 1
Cleaning Spray Equipment
To avoid injury to sensitive crops, drain and clean application equipment thoroughly using a
strong detergent or commercial sprayer cleaner according to the manufacturer’s directions.
Triple rinse the equipment before and after applying this product.
First Aid
If in eyes:
n Hold eyes open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15 to 20 minutes.
n Remove contact lenses, if present, after first 5 minutes; then continue rinsing eyes.
n Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.
If swallowed:
n Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice.
n Sip a glass of water if able to swallow.
n DO NOT induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor.
n DO NOT give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If on skin or clothing:
n Take off contaminated clothing.
n Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15 to 20 minutes.
n Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.
Hotline Number
Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor
or going for treatment. You may also contact BASF Corporation for emergency medical
treatment information: 1-800-832-HELP (4357).
1 2 A R M E Z O N H E R B I C I D E T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N B R O C H U R E
BASF Agricultural Products 26 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA +1 919-547-2000 www.agro.basf.com
Armezon is a trademark of BASF. © 2011 BASF Corporation All Rights Reserved. APN-12-23-A-DEW-002 December 2011