armored cavalry platoon and troop fm17!36!1961

8/6/2019 Armored Cavalry Platoon and Troop FM17!36!1961

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FMDEPARTMENT OF THE ARM



FIELD MANU

DIVISIONAL ARMORED AND

FM 17-36 HE

DEPARTCHANGES No. 1 WASHINGT



(4) Provides security between divisi

the air assault division and adjace

(5) When suitably reinforced with a

ducts extended semi-independent

(6) Provides armed air escort for airm

(7) Acts as an antiairmobile, ant

cavalry force for the division.

(8) Provides rear security for the

which attached.

b. The squadron is 90 percent mobile in



AIR CAVA

SQUADRO



e. The squadron maintenance platoon is orheadquarters, an aircraft maintenance sevehicle maintenance section. It contains suequipment to perform second echelon (org

nance and to supply repair parts for the wethe squadron. Utility air vehicles are organi

quarters and provide airlift for maintenance

parts. The aircraft maintenance section co

sonnel and equipment to provide backup semaintenance (to include periodic inspectio



and tactical air. Combat support

may be provided by artillery, en

air. Tank units may be attached

missions. When the armored cav

the range of artillery units supp

may be attached to the squadron tsquadron is conducting reconnai

beyond the combat outpost (COP

priority of artillery and tactical air



374. Limitations

a. The substitution of lighter weight

vehicles reduces the capability of the trologistical support.

b. Extensive air logistical support is req

from brigade or other forward bases.

c. A high density of multi-skilled personne

d. The effectiveness of air reconnaissance

jungle-type vegetation, during the hours o



vehicles. The air cavalry troops

brigade bases of operation and must,supply for

all classes of supply. Whebrigade or battalion bases, the troop

a unit under brigade control. The trused on independent missions in unde

reinforced with airmobile forces toground combat capability. The troop

brigade airmobile forces to the obaerial fires prior to , during, and aft



379. Limitations

a. The effectiveness of air and ground

dense jungle-type terrain, during the houperiods of limited visibility.

b. The elimination of the heavier gro

duces the capability of the troop for

support.

Section II. ORGANIZATION AND OPE



ARMOREDCAVALRYTROOP



supply from the division. When the tro

tank battalion(s) attached to the divisi

support must be provided by the supported

By Order of the Secretary of the Ar

EARL

Gene

Official: ChiefJ. C. LAMBERT,



FIELD MANUAL

DEPAR

No. 17-36 WASHINGT

ARMORED CAVALRY PLATOO

CAVALRY TROOP, AND DIV



CHAPTER 7. EMPLOYMENT OF THE AIR

TROOP

Section I. General ............................

II. Reconnaissance operations .........

III. Offensive operations ...............

IV. Security operations .................

V. Defensive operations ...............

VI. Delaying action ...................

VII. Air escort operations ................



CHAPTER 14. SPECIAL OPERATIONS

Section I. General ......................II. Chemical and radiological moni

III. Area damage control ............

IV. Reconnaissance behind enemy

V. Airmobile operations .................

VI. Operations against irregular forc

PART FIVE. AIRBORNE DIVISION CAVASQUADRON



PART ON

GENERA

CHAPTER

GENERA



I f ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER

]n ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER USED

ARMORED COMMAND AND RECONNAISSA



3. Missions of Armored Cavalry Uni

a. To perform reconnaissance and to pr

or unit to which attached and to engagdelaying action as an economy of forc

armored cavalry units on such missions

to concentrate the efforts of other elemedecisive objectives or on other aspects of

b. The majority ofmissions

assigned

primarily of a reconnaissance and securi



4. Provide space for maneuv

5. Maintain enemy contact.

d. Economy of force is the skillful ato accomplish the mission with minimum

(1) Economy of force implies app

ing, of the available means to p

sufficient combat power at the

(2) Armored cavalry units are no

of force role in offense, defense



CHAPTER 2

EMPLOYMENT OF ARMORED C



PART TW

ARMORED CAVA

CHAPTER

GENERA



(8) Conducting chemical and radiologicoperations.

(9) Performing damage control operation

b. The armored cavalry troop is capable ofent force for a limited period of time. The trrequired by the mission.

Section II. ORGANIZA

12. General



0 X o~ o

O.E

E ~ "' X! E >



a. PlatoonHeadquarters.Platoon he

leader and a scout driver.

b. Scout Section. The scout sectionwith 6 men. Each squad consists of

leader, 2 scout observers, and 2 driver

mands the first squad.

c. Tank Section. The platoon tank

Each crew includes a tank commander,

platoon sergeant, also the section leade



rmally commands the command post vehicle aofficer and the first sergeant with the operatiotrains communication personnel and supervises

tion, and maintenance of troop communication tions he insures that radio operators maintainthat they record all incoming and outgoing mesrelieved properly.

e. Liaison Sergeant. The liaison sergeant pro

tion facilities between the troop command postHe keeps informed of the existing tactical situa



platoon leader and assumes command o

the platoon leader. Normally, when th

the command and reconnaissance vehic

platoon sergeant will command the ta

leader uses a tank, the platoon sergean

command and reconnaissance vehicle. T

platoon leader in maintaining discipline,

control of the platoon. He assists in ma

of equipment, supply, and other platoo

d. Section and Squad Leaders. Sectio



CHAPTER 4

EMPLOYMENT OF THE ARMORED

Section I. GENER



c. The armored cavalry platoon is org

most effectively along a single route o

than one route or axis of advance is assiadditional routes or axes of advance wit

(See figures 4-6 for armored cavalry plat

19. Route Reconnaissance

a. Route reconnaissance is the directed

the route, obstacles, and enemy alongadjacent to the route, which, if occupi



DIRE

ADV

SCOUT SECTION: Protects advanreconnoitering high ground on flankleader controls one scout-tank team



movement along that route. The armored

a unit, using the formation best suited to the

It takes necessary steps to insure constantanks may lead the formation (figs. 4-6).

(1) Scouts will usually lead the forma

enemy action has been encountere

importance. Scouts may lead al

limited, terrain favors enemy am

are prevalent.



4

~~~~~.L



a. Area reconnaissance is performed

locality such as towns, woods, or cross

may be examined for possible enemy

determine its suitability as an assembly

the armored cavalry platoon moves b

area to be reconnoitered. During mov

noitered, unless otherwise ordered, the

enemy opposition. When the platoon

performs reconnaissance in the same m

b. In moving from the location whe



0o

I:~~~~~~~~

~ ,



as rapidly as the situation permits,

enemy and ready to move quickly to

(2) When approaching a position that

observation, the commander of the l

his vehicle and dismount while in d

forces beyond the position from de

fundamentals of individual movemen

are applicable. When the position is

scout element moves forward.

(3) Troops must not become vehicle-bou



5TH MOVE



I. Tanks usually move by bounds, ov

the platoon leader. In the face of sm

normally will lead the advance to insur

g. The rifle squad usually follows the

be part of a tank infantry team if offen

movement the rifle squad provides so

observing to the flanks. When the ta

provide dismounted local security.

h. Normally, the support squad dis



24. Action on Contact

When contact with an enemy force is made

platoon leader and his platoon falls into foura. Deploy and Report.

(1) The platoon deploys to positions fro

observe the enemy.

(2) The platoon leader makes a report of

troop commander immediately.b. Develop the Situation. The platoon le



movement of scout elements to the far s

the platoon passes over the bridge or thr

26. Reconnaissance of a Town, Ob

a. In reconnoitering a town, obstacle

should make an attempt to approach it f

is available, the reconnaissance should

if time is short, the unit will remain mo

observation with binoculars will precede

b. When time is available, dismounted



has not fully accomplished its mission until it

of its reconnaissance to higher headquarters.

b. Information is transmitted without delayplatoon, and from platoon to higher headquarte

information, regardless of its apparent valueheadquarters. This information may be of ex

higher headquarters when considered in conj

received from other sources. Negative informa

as positive information.



b. FM 17-1 and FM 17-15 contain

fundamentals of attack, techniques of

control measures, and other basic consid

33. Preparation for a Coordinated

a. Before the platoon leader can reach

late his attack plan, the situation at han

detail to permit him to make an estim

analyze the mission, enemy situation, t

available. He must consider, evaluate



normally uses the tank section and rifle s

force. Scout elements may accompany the ma

flank security and to assist in movement of the

or concealed routes or employ their machine

fire. If a dismounted attack is required, th

consist only of scouts and the rifle squad.

composition of typical platoon maneuvering f

b. Normally, the platoon leader should plac

vering elements, whose action can be influe



41. Actions of the Maneuvering Force

a. The maneuvering force closes with the en

Maximum use is made of cover and concealmethe maneuvering force should advance as clo

tive before employing fire and movement.

b. The maneuvering force places maximum

as it is within effective range. The fire of th

forced by the base of fire, pins down the enem

and movement, and destroys his troops and



43. Actions of Key Personnel Durin

a. The platoon leader, who is norma

controls the conduct of the attack andmeet changes in the situation. His majoAdditionally, he keeps the troop commaenemy resistance encountered, reportinUpon meeting strong resistance tha

effectively, he requests supporting fire

and keeps the commander informed of



advance and to protect it from enem

destroying, or delaying the enemy with

normally performs this mission for itslarger force.

b. When performing an advance gua

employs a formation similar to the

naissance.

c. The platoon operates as fast as thecontinuous reconnaissance to the front



PATROLS



b. The two general types of defense,in FM 17-1. Regardless of the type in

toon participates, the steps taken to org

the general conduct of the defense are th

c. The armored cavalry platoon operat

to conduct defensive action; however, in

it may be required to defend an area for

an assigned mission for the platoon or m

d. The organization of a defensivedefensive action by the armored caval



the enemy to become canalized and offer a mi

approaches.

c. Detailed plans must be made for the

weapons, mortars, and other available fire su

alternate, and supplementary positions are seserved weapons. The platoon leader assignelement of the platoon, and final protective

insure that the entire platoon area of responsi

56. Platoon Order for Defense



to increase the defensive firepower of th

be placed in a defilade position. All tro

use of cover and concealment. The rifle

where he can best control actions of the

machinegun and automatic rifle position

organization of the squad position may

close-in defense and protection.

d. The scout section may provide sec

ployed as riflemen. When the scoutsecurity for the platoon position, it will



a\



ADVANCING ,

ENEMY FORCE

~~~~

t~2

S... ~ ~ ~ t



tions for each element of the platoon a

position and creating an effective obst

block, scouts will normally provide sec

covering possible bypass routes that th

avoiding the roadblock. The tank sec

roadblock and the approaches to it. Th

struct the obstacle and then provide c

The support squad will be positioned to

along the route to the roadblock, possib

escape routes from the ambush area.



d. FM 17-1 contains a complete discussionand conduct of a delaying action.

62. Reconnaissance and Selection of Plat

a. The platoon leader makes a map reconnreconnoiters along his route of withdrawal tpositions. He selects intermediate delayingterrain between troop delaying positions, and

the troop commander. The platoon is disposed



64. Platoon Organization and EPosition

a. Organization. Each platoon positsection. Tanks are placed on terrainavenues of enemy approach, permit loered withdrawal to the next delaying pdelaying position is similar to that o(fig. 20). Basic factors that the platoon

ing a delaying position include:(1) Primary, alternate, supp



ENEMY

AVENUE OFAPPROACH



65. Platoon Preparation fo r Delay

The platoon leader keeps the troo

specific position occupied by the platoand section make maximum use of

improve and strengthen the position oare positioned in hull defilade, fires ar

are cleared fo r all weapons. Individual

emplacements are prepared and improve

Range cards are prepared for tank wmortar. Obstacles are constructed and



ENEMY

MORTAR

FIRE



in the enemy column to preclude emplo

the platoon (fig. 22).

c. In an ambush, elements of the pl

maximum firepower on the enemy force.

effective direct fire on all vehicles in t

positioned to prevent the escape of dismo

section may be placed to provide secur

firepower of the ambush. This section m

the ambush. The support squad deliverforce. It is also prepared to fire on route



i @--------C~1

0o ·0.



element will consist of an aero-scout sectionteam, consisting of an aero-scout section weapons squad, may be placed under the ope

When air cavalry elements are attached theyas a unit under troop control. Air cavalry ein close coordination with ground elementsthe troop effort by:

(1) Screening the front and flanks.

(2) Reconnoitering lateral roads, dom



73. Employment of the Ground Surv

a. In the armored cavalry troop, the sh

may operate as a section under troop contrto a platoon; 1 team may operate under tr

attached to a platoon; or a team may beAn analysis of the factors of METT will

ment and location of radar sets. The lo

coordinated with other ground radar equ

the squadron surveillance plan. FM 17-1short range ground



b. Command Post.

(1) Troop commander. When the troo

commander normally controls the vehicle, the headquarters section ta

may be accompanied by an artillebroad front usually covered by the trcommander position himself centrafavorable for communication, observ

(2) Command post operations. The troo



employed to accomplish a mission requiring

the conduct of reconnaissance missions, co

primary task and must not be jeopardized b

the enemy. In many situations the troop

obtain the desired information. Whenever

avoid combat and bypass enemy resistance

mission. When required to bypass an enemy

must report to the next higher commander th

and his decision to bypass the enemy. When

it is necessary for the troop to maintain co



SCT



SCT SCT

SCT S T SCTrj



I ,

I' /I I:

!\ /iB I



II~ ~



Section III. OFFENSIVE O

82. General

a. The armored cavalry troop engages in osary to facilitate the accomplishment of its

security mission and thereby aid in the des

It may be employed in the attack as par

squadron. It may assist the attack of a lar

accomplish its primary mission of reconnaiss

will attack as part of the larger force to se



83. Preparation for the Attack

a. The troop commander uses all ava

for the attack. Normally he will receive

commander. He then immediately alerts

order and the troop begins preparation

cavalry troop usually completes prepara

bly area. The troop fuels, performs ma

and completes other necessary actions b

b. While the troop is in an assemblythe troop commander usually joins his



(3) When necessary, positions for tanks eing role.

(4) Location of obstacles likely to hinder

(5) Location of an attack position when r

(6) Control measures.

(7) Location of line of departure.

d. Elements of the air cavalry troop, wheployed to develop the enemy situation and to

and weak points in enemy defensive positions



(2) The plan of fire support includ

of the base of fire, targets to be

or shifting the fires.

c. The plan of attack will include pr

attack, for consolidation of the positio

attack, and for resumption of the advan

87. Formation for the Attack

The armored cavalry troop may att



LINE



89. Base of Fire

a. The base of fire for the armored cavalry

may consist of supporting artillery or tacticalfirepower. The nucleus of the base of fire for

the three organic mortars. They are grouped u

ever they can effectively support the troop att

be used to assist the base of fire to furnish auto

or to provide security. Tanks may be used to a

when the maneuvering force is required to atthe obstacles, antitank wea



93. Attack Position

When an attack position is used, it i

Every effort is made to move rapidlyth

specified attack formation and cross

halting.

94. Conduct of the AttackDuring the attack, unforeseen circum

commander to change his plan. He must

without hesitation and must overcome o



the maneuvering force, placing himself where

develop, normally in the vicinity of the lead e

in the tank organic to the troop headquarters.

himself so that he may become so involved wordinate element that he cannot influence the

of his troop. Effective use of visual signals is u

control.

b. During an exploitation or other rapidly

tions, the troop commander should be locatcolumn, or immediately behind the lead plato



from the dismount area until

vancing riflemen. The riflemen

the enemy. The shock effect o

is multiplied by rapid moveme

including the use of hand grena

continue to saturate the objec

stroying enemy positions and w

As the units arrive at the far

directed on the enemy disposit

As soon as the objective is seiz



may be exposed needlessly to enemy

and the resulting unnecessary, unco

position.

(4) Armored personnelcarriersleft in expo

commander must insure that the driv

protected or defilade position immedi

mounts to avoid needless loss from an

(5) Remaining mounted too long. Vehic

leaders, and troop commanders musmounted too long may expose the



the objective by fire. Ground and air ssecurity to the front and flanks and tthe enemy. Supporting artillery and tathe position against hostile counterattac

b. The troop may be required to remposition and defend it or to continue theto remain on the position or continue theare supplied without delay and placed

support is provided by the troop trains.



flexible means of communication. The troopsecurity missions alone or as part of a largerthe principles of security operations and the

ment for each type of security action. For trefer to paragraph 3.

b. Security missions performed by the troopflank guard, rear guard, screening mission, anding force and area security force.

104. Advance Guard



SCT

~; //



105. Flank Guard

a. The armored cavalry troop may execute

alone or as part of a larger force. When particoperation as part of the squadron, the troop ma

or rear guard mission, or required to attack

squadron to seize or occupy blocking positio

screening mission when the squadron is overext

of flank guard, refer to paragraph 3.

b. When the troop is to perform a flank gu



PETEI



of responsibility that is defined by specificpoints, and boundaries. In accomplishing the mdefensive tactics. If forced from its positions, i

techniques, providing time and space for the mthreat.

e. Operations of the troop as flank guardretrograde movement are similar to those of aguard for an advancing force. The major

retrograde movement the area of responsibilitlast unit (which may be the rear guard) to th



tion. The reconnaissance missio

normally accomplished by scou

platoon control. Air vehicles ca

platoons by extending observation

organic short range ground radar

security to the front or flanks.

troop may be employed to mai

body, and to prevent the enemy f

and attacking the rearof

the

cavalry elements may establish



108. Screening Force

a. A screening mission is characterized by

tively few forces over a wide area. The mi

establishing observation posts, and patrolling

all approaches into the area. The area of res

the higher headquarters. The mission of a scearly warning of enemy approach and to m

enemy. Forces disposed on a screening missi

offer significant resistance to the enemy. Scr



AA AAAA B C D E



U



d. The observation post or patrol that o

its location and progress. The observatio

enemy usually remains hidden so as not to

mitted elements of the troop and supp

destroy the enemy patrol or drive it from

e. When any enemy force, posing a t

proaches the position, it is reported by

Every effort is made to obtain the strength

direction of movement of the enemy force



The remainder of the troop patrols

and provides escorts for vehicles mo

(3) In employing either of the techni

troop commander may organize pro

tanks, and riflemen to best accom

The scout elements are best used to

for patrols. They may be augme

mainder of the troop is held in reser

counter enemy threats.



LEGEND:

Main road

Secondary road

Patrol route

--*



(6) The troop may be required to s

tion and a line of departure wh

force is committed.

d. Elements of the air cavalry troop, if

perform periodic aerial surveillance of t

landing areas for airborne and airmobile

cavalry units to move at relatively high

obstacles should be used to the maximum

contact with enemy forces once their pre



113. Organization of the Ground for De

Measures for increasing the effectiveness o

mitting maneuver by elements of the troop tactions in organizing an area for defense.organized to permit delivery of maximum fireand canalizing his advance and reducing theforce him to mass, thereby providing a lucrat

114. Reconnaissance and Selection of Po



defense. Fields of fire are cleared, tanks are pemplacements are dug for crew-served wemachineguns on the armored personnel carrier

the all-round defense of the troop. Armored pemployed in or near the areas of the rifle sqmally, the carriers will be placed in defiladeas the situation develops, they will be mov

alternate and supplementary positions as requ

116. Strengthening the Defensive Positi



phase of the defensive action while the e

the extent and strength of the position by

Examples of deceptive techniques that

(1) Installing dummy minefields (

traps and live mines, to inflict c

to make a cautious and thoroug

(2) Spreading canvas strips, straw

cover sections of the road lead

This camouflage may be used



SCOUT ELEMENTS

AA AA B C D



armored cavalry troop is best suited fo

missions.

118. Area Defensea. General. In area defense, the troo

more echelons of the defense: security fo

sive area, or reserve. The troop is mos

missions in which it can use its mobility

munication to the maximum. These capa

(1) Participating as part of a cover



to cover likely enemy avenues of approa

The troop commander should insure th

to cover the most likely avenues of en

men to provide close-in protection for t

of enemy infantry approach. The troop

tics. If the situation permits, a rese

positioned that can quickly move to a

The defensive posture of the troop sho

space for the troop reserve. For secur



Em Go INE2~KLINE'1



combat or distribution of forces should

the tactical situation.

d. The organization of a delaying pzation of a defensive position. Most

oriented toward the enemy; however, a

must be provided. Tanks are located t

armor approach and to delivery long

are placed where they can protect tan

infantry approach. If possible, the fire



should include provision for g

drawn through liaison and

signals.

(4) A security force. The troop

platoon as a covering force or

drawing as part of a larger un

of providing the security force(5) A time schedule. Higher hea

withdrawal for the troop. Bas

be prepared for the entire ope



ENEMY



organizes for combat and conducts its

manner as the security force in the mob

with the enemy and not required to prov

from action in a manner similar to tha

drawal in a delaying action.

e. A night withdrawal reduces the eff

and ground fire. It is easier to deceive

control is more difficult and movement

are left in contact with the enemy w



PART THRE

AIR CAVALRY

CHAPTER

GENERAL



b. Troop Headquarters. Troop headqmander, executive officer, two warrantsergeant, two crew chiefs, and two clerk

ministrative functions. Air vehicles arecommander or executive officer and toof casualties. A command vehicle iscommand surface transportation. One w

troop commander's air vehicle and the oThe crew chiefs are the mechanics foras observers and armorers in their assi



o. .



(3) The team leader has essentially t

his team as the section leader has f

e. Aero-Rifle Platoon.

(1) The aero-rifle platoon consists of afour integrated aero-rifle squads.

leader and two fire teams consisting

and tw o riflemen each. Each squ

quarters elements are mounted inair vehicle is equipped with an auto

suppressive firepower. Lift capabili



a I

c 'I a



equipment for the troop. The m

to provide forward emergency r

troop by both air and ground v

(a) The assistant maintenance ofdevises and recommends main

and supervises the maintena

vehicle organic to the maint

(b) The technical inspector is resp

ance performed on all air veh



for air vehicles. Fueling is nor

forward area at a rendezvous be

vehicles.

(g) The airfield service crewmen assisheliport, refueling of air vehicles,

tion of lighting equipment.

Section III. EMPLOYMENT OF



the commander and will be adequate to prevenfrom being hit by a single artillery airburst. Thprovides the best possible compromise betweements of short time length and wide dispersicolumn.

b. The close column formation is one in whup to minimum safe flying distance. This formvolume of traffic must be moved over a shorof time. It is particularly applicable to move

no danger from air or ground attack. Norm



k. Phase lines or other control measu

1. Security.

m. Refueling points and methods of s

n. Disposition of ground echelon.

o. Coordination with ground units

defense units.

p. Maintenance requirements to suppo

134. Routes ofMarch



136. Formation for the March

The march formation is governed primarilyGround elements of the administrative and m

overland, using march techniques outlined inofficer will normally supervise movement of thIn certain situations these sections may be learea. The air elements of the troop use tactictactical air formations, refer to figures 56-62.



march. Factors affecting the use of rad

ments, terrain, weather conditions, and

b. The troop commander and the

movement of the troop on a march cpresence of all air vehicles in the colu

and general conduct of the troop. Co

made immediately. Supervision of

responsibility of the troop commander a

141. Night Air Marches



*0*

Z O260_ 365 * HIGHER HQ RP

TR P RP

LEADVILLE

+



and maneuverability in relation to its n

the-earth flying).

b. Security measures against air atta

during the march and at the halt. Air von the alert for other aircraft, friendl

between air vehicles must be maintaine

halt. Commanders must guard against

143. Assembly Areas

a. The air cavalry troop may occu



a. The troop headquarters and service plato

and protected by the combat elements.

b. All units are able to move into and out of

over other parts of the area.

c. Service elements are easily accessible to a

dl. Circulation within the area is reduced to

e. Platoons or other elements can readily mo

order of march.



enemy positions as terrain and enemy activi

cavalry troop service elements, during periods

from vicinity of the squadron trains area to

of vehicles and air vehicle supply and supportof air and ground mobility in the service plato

and supply operations as far forward in th

possible and avoids lengthy disengagement by

e. The problem of air traffic regulation a

vehicles is of particular importance. The air c

only the minimum air traffic control measure



d. Economy of Employment. Eleme

be employed to insure a maximum fWhen a mission does not require total

that are essential to successful completioAir vehicles not engaged in flying m

highest state of operational readiness c

150. Factors Affecting Employment

a. General. As with any combat uni

troop should be based on the factors of M



151. Organization for Combat

Organization of the air cavalry troopflexibility, and is such that small tailo

used according to the mission. In comwill permit variations in the force organtions. Organization for combat is not rithe mission are tailored for the job. Eleindependent missions, or elements maseveral balanced air teams. The troop m



NO. 2'

\ILL A

NO. 1



NO. 2 ./



NO.1

D



155. Route Reconnaissance

a. Route reconnaissance is the directe

of the route, obstacles, and enemy along

adjacent to the route, which, if occupiemovement along the route. The air cav

reconnaissance as an independent force

cavalry troops, or elements of the troo

elements.

b. The troop is less suited for detailed



ments or the dismounted aero-riflemen. It landing and takeoff operations of the aero-rif

g. When more than one route is to be rec

troop may be organized into several teamaero-weapons, and aero-rifle elements. Gene

such teams should be formed.

h. The air element conducting route reco

with ground reconnaissance elements assum

The and dominating



4,



b. Reconnaissance missions must be execut

making full use of the troop's mobility and

should be made of the capability for rapid, d

fuse the enemy as to the exact mission and

mally, when terrain and surface concealmen

platoon will execute the air reconnaissance

zone of responsibility. The aero-rifle platoon

will advance behind the aero-scout element

allow them to move quickly to support the sc



161. Instructions

a. A reconnaissance mission is assigne

more than one mission is assigned, a prio

commander then allots tasks to the plaare coordinated by the troop operations

b. Reconnaissance instructions must

platoons or other elements must be comp

(1) Available information of the en

area of operations.



164. Chemical and Radiological Monito

Elements of the air cavalry troop are capaband radiological monitoring and survey. Air

performed in conjunction with other missionsof air monitoring is to determine the presencelevels of chemical or radiological contaminatiocan effect rapid air survey of the radiationplosion. As radiological surveys are specifidivert a part of the unit from the normal re



g. The plan of attack is designed to insur

within the attacking forces throughout the ope

simple but must cover all essential details. It s

and composition of the base of fire, targets to

for lifting or shifting the fires of the base of f

composition of the maneuvering force, the av

follow to the objective, the formation to be umethod of advance. It should include provisio

attack, for consolidation of the objective, for

attack, and for resumption of the advance.



will normally approach an enemy pos

moves by covered or concealed air route

Elements of the aero-scout platoon or a

the landing of the aero-rifle platoon;normally makes a final dismounted as

of the aero-scout platoon or aero-weap

the objective with air fire, protecting t

assault force, and firing on targets of o

of the aero-rifle platoon.



main body adequate and timely warning ofthe capabilities of the troop, it engages the e

him. A security force must orient its maneuve

protected. There is no set distance at which th

ates from the main body. The distance willMETT. The troop should be far enough fromtime and space for the squadron to react to an

b. Security is a mission that will frequentl

cavalry troop. The security mission will be a



with a part of its force until relieved by other

When the enemy dispositions are of such ex

bypassed, the air cavalry troop reports and devits capabilities, reconnoiters the enemy force

and maintains contact and surveillance until r

of the squadron. Between the time that first

time it is relieved of its mission, the troop uand dismounted infantry action to develop th

nation with the ground element of the adva

Within its capabilities, the troop initiates o



d. In performing a flank guard mission, th

normally be employed to establish an air s

squadron blocking positions; to provide air e

advance guard; to screen the area between

squadron route of advance, and to maintain c

talion task force of the main body. Normall

and security operations of the troop will not

the air screen. In some situations, elements o

to reconnoiter avenues of enemy approach out

of assigned air vehicles. Ground dispositions o



e. The troop performs continuous rec

the rear and flanks, reporting all inform

enemy forces is reported immediately a

attack to delayor

destroy the enemyfosuch a size and composition that the air

without risking destruction, the troop r

guard commander and maintains survei

f. Techniques of employment correspo

flank guard operations. The air cavalry



174. Providing Security Between U

a. When a gap exists between majorsecurity force. When covering a gap, th

tact with the major units on each flank.the gap, it is necessary for the securitgeneral tactical posture as the units on eaor delay. Normally, the air cavalry tusing air reconnaissance and security te

b. The air cavalry troop may operate



175. Rear Area Security

a. The:objective of rear area security is

interference.with operations-in rear areas. Pl

tralize or destroy-enemy forces such as saboteunits, irregular forces, airmobile: or airborne

into rekr.areas. Rear area security in general

.:(;: 1)- Local security of installations and-un

(2) Relief of attacked installations and u

(3) Route patrolling and convoy escort.



x x



Section V. DEFENSIVE OPE

176. General

The air cavalry troop may be forced to eng

to perform its reconnaissance and security mis

troop is operating alone, its defensive capabi

than reconnaissance and security missions, the

part in defensive action as part of a larger for

177. Types of Defense



used as part of the covering force or g

as an airmobile counterattacking forc

sector within the battle position becau

capability of one rifle platoon suitable

b. The troop may act as a security

covering force operations or when the

outpost (GOP). The speed and cross-c

it well suited for this type of action. T

covering large sectors more rapidly tha



LINE



next delay position. Where possible,

laded flight routes for the withdrawal.

d. Hastily prepared obstacles are

advance. These obstacles may be coveresection.

e. The delaying position may be or

close or open country, where vehicular

tion is limited, and fields of fire are sh

that the enemy will approach such an



c. The aero-weapons section, less any attach

platoon, is next to withdraw. The aero-weapon

deliver air fires on the enemy column between

d. The aero-scout platoon will normally be taero-scouts maintain contact with the enemy

of the remainder of the troop. A part of the

forced with elements of the aero-weapons se

tinuous delay and maintain contact with the

positions, making hit-and-run attacks on the en



ment. This mission can be performed in

of rear area security missions.

185. Coordination and Control Dur

a. Close control in a delaying action

the troop commander through close per

To exercise maximum control and to ex

commander must locate himself where

When the troop is delaying along two



and rear, as well as the front, to provide aeri

mobile operation. The aero-rifle platoon alo

force, is landed and dismounted, and, accord

secures the landing area on the ground. The

vides air cover during landing of the aero-rif

aero-scout platoon and aero-rifle platoon by

tunity. Once the escorted force has been l

assume its primary mission, or once the cargo

logistical operation, the aero-rifle platoon retu



PART FOU

ARMORED CAVALRY

CHAPTER

GENERAL



195. Headquarters Tank SectionHeadquarters tank section consists of

used by the squadron commander, opera

officer, forward air controller (when one

members as required. When not otherwi

may be employed for security of the comm

196. Squadron Communication PlatoThe squadron communication platoon,

cation officer, contains a communication

e. Mess Section. The mess section operates



the platoon leader. The section is organized

to provide troop messes when required.

198. Squadron Maintenance Platoona. General. The squadron maintenance p

squadron vehicle section, and an aircraft m

the men and equipment to perform seconmaintenance, to recover and evacuate disabl

repair parts for weapons and vehicles of the



200. Davy Crockett Section

The Davy Crockett section provides

squadron. The section is organized into t

Crockett firing teams. The two heavy sys

the light system is carried in a 4-ton

employment of the section see, FM 17-1.

201. Ground Surveillance Section

The ground surveillance section contain

tw o senior radar operators, and



205. Engineer Support

Engineers may be attached to the squadfunctions; assist in the crossing, clearing, andtechnical reconnaissance, and perform roadmovement of the squadron. Engineers may bor troop control.

206. Army Aviation Support

a. Army aviation support is provided by



Section IV. ORGANIZATIO

208. General

The armored cavalry squadron com

organization for combat of his squadron.

zation for combat to accomplish an assign

mander considers the mission, enemy situ

troops available (METT). The essentia

operations are present in the squadron.



mation, situation reports, makes plans for curr

provides for liaison with higher and adjacent

individuals from supporting and lower units. T

includes the squadron commander, the staff, a

as are necessary. During offensive operations

with the combat elements of the squadron a

degree of security. In defensive or retrograde

post is usually located well to the rear so as no

operations.



information and instructions from t

squadron.

215. Employment of Medium Rang

The medium range ground radar eq

may operate under squadron control or

equipment is used to perform ground

detecting and locating moving ground

tional information on employment of th



219. Reconnaissance Missions



The squadron commander determines

reconnoitered by armored cavalry troo

Responsibility must be fixed and duplic

mum freedom of action is allowed subor

reconnaissance missions. Instructzon

should be specific so that each troop com

which he can direct the efforts of his

specify what the unit is to do after

mission.

221. Zone Reconnaissance



a. Zone reconnaissance is more thorough aroute reconnaissance. Normally the squadrontion desired by the division while conducting a

during the advance. The squadron commanderdesignates the boundaries for each troop. Balong easily recognizable terrain features, sucridgelines. Troops must reconnoiter all routesestablished boundaries. The number of troops



PLWHITE



Section III. CONDUCT OF RECO



223. General

a. Reconnaissance is executed aggressquadron's ground and air mobility.

ordinates and directs the efforts of the

air cavalry troop. When contact is mad

develops the situation to determine the

position of the enemy. When the resist



A~~

I Ln ~~ ~ ~ ~

226. Transmitting Information by E



a. Prompt transmission of accuratesuccess of any reconnaissance mission.procedure (SOP) facilitates transmiss

Information of first contact with the eneto a higher headquarters is transmitted

b. The squadron staff insures that alnegative, of the enemy and terrain is rdisseminated to appropriate elements in



CHAPTER 10

OFFENSIVE OPERATI

Section I. GENERA



change in disposition. During the reorg



to assist in preventing a surprise co

avenues of approach.

232. Base of FireIn a squadron attack the base of fire

mortars, artillery and automatic weapo

air. Tanks may be placed with the base

their effective employment with the m

elements may be employed to provide

Section III. CONDUCT OF



237. General

a. Once the squadron attack is launched, it

aggressiveness and violence, using all available

of the support provided by the base of fire, the

rapidly with the enemy. From the moment th

observation, its movement must be as rapid a

subordinate commander must be impressed wit

vehicle losses are often proportionate to the ti



Section IV. CONSOLIDATION,

CONTINUATION

240. Actions on the Objective

a. General. The actual occupation o

of the attack. This is the stage during w

the time when an aggressive enemy d

coordinated counterattack, covered by

When the squadron has assaulted and

enters into activities called "actions

flanks of the squadron to harass the enemy re



him from regrouping for a counterattack or

positions. The troop may perform air reconna

of the squadron to warn of approaching ene

their capability, harass and delay the advanc

241. Continuation of Attack

Unless otherwise directed, the armored caval

the attack to prevent the enemy from recon

exploit initial success, or to execute its next

passed. The next higher commander s



situation, especially with respect to loca

enemy forces that the squadron comma

pending on the mission and bypass rout

launched by the squadron or the enemcavalry troop will normally be employe

of the squadron to warn of enemy app

with adjacent units. The air cavalry t

harass the rear and flanks of retreating

tions, the troop may be employed to seiz



CHAPTER 11

SECURITY OPERAT

Section I. GENER

245. General

Section II. FLANK GUARD



248. General

a. As a flank guard for the division, theone flank. In some situations, an armoredof the air cavalry troop may be attachedvulnerable flank to provide security. Forrefer to paragraph 3.

b. The main body commander specifies

squadron's area of responsibility is normally



last combat element. After the leading troop

elements of the air cavalry troop may be e

and flanks of the troop. When the entire squ

route of advance, elements of the air cavalryunder the operational control of the lead tro

mission.

d. The squadron commander may emplo

screening operations beyond the line of bl

early warning of enemy advance and per



(2) The commander normally selects

unless a route of advance has be

quarters. During a penetration,

normally designates a specific rroute selected by the squadron

enough from the axis of advance

the squadron from interfering w

body but within the capability o

between the main body and the



\SQUADOBJECTIVE

PL

(7) Combat trains normally accom



post. Squadron field trains usua

brigade in the main body.

b. During a flank guard operation, the s

axis of advance of the main body. It regu

the main body. The lead troop provide

squadron, secures the area between the

route of advance, and maintains contact

battalion task force of the main body. If



PL

Section IIIl. REAR GUARD



250. General

a. During the advance, the rear guard dattacking the rear of the main body and p

stragglers. It follows the main body at

main body commander and usually moves

main body. During a withdrawal, the rear

ment of the main body. It employs delay



Section IV. COVERING F



252. General

A covering force may operate to the

body beyond the local security elementsing force refer to paragraph 3.

253. Covering Force Planning and

a. General. The squadron may be ethe division in offensive, defensive, and



TACTICALAIR



161

COVERING FORCE

Section V. SCREENING FORCE



254. General

a. The mission is accomplished by establish

posts and patrols capable of observing enemnated sector. Air vehicles augment the grdefinition of a screening force, refer to paragr

b. A screening force is not capable of offerienemy. However, it protects itself and withindisperses small enemy elements that attempt



area of operations is essential. Commmaintained with these units and installaarea security refer to paragraph 3.

257. Protecting Routes of Commun

a. The method employed to guard rodepending upon the factors of METT.protected by establishing a series of obsethroughout the area of responsibility. A



and air vehicles, the commander may use thes

ground or airmobile reserve. Ground radar

avenues of enemy approach during period

Elements of the air cavalry troop may be

periphery of the squadron area, reconnoiter

approach, provide air patrols between ground

supply columns, or to provide a highly mobile

ment in the squadron area. Elements of th

reconnoiter the area at irregular intervals as



.0p

of the enemy air formation and drive them



Helicopters and the airmobile forces are mos

approach and landing phase. The air cavalr

available means to inflict maximum damage t

period. If the enemy is successful in landing,to harass the enemy to destroy, contain, or

ground elements arrive. The squadron comman

of the situation as it develops. Aero-scouts may

elements to the enemy force.



CHAPTER

DEFENSIVE OPE

it may be employed as a security force or occu



defensive area.

b. When the squadron is employed as a sec

through the FEBA must be coordinated clos

or the forces in the forward defensive area.coordination also with the corps covering for

c. The best use of the armored cavalry squ

is to provide reconnaissance and security fdecision to use the squadron to organize block

defense or as part of the forces in the forwa



E] [ElContact pointswithdrawal of co



terrain to the flank of the main defensive po

should be selected to cover the most likely a

from the flanks. Intervals between the positio

observation and air and dismounted patrols. S

be planned to cover these areas. The air cava

to establish an air screen to the front and flank

to provide air patrols between blocking p

contact with the main body. Ground radar

to supplement ground and air observation and

268. Reconnaissance and Selection



The squadron commander makes asnaissance of the area as the time andinclude a map,- ground, and air reconna

From these, the squadron commander detand the likely enemy avenues of approacthe armored cavalry troops that cover lik

269. Organization and Preparationa. Troop blocking positions are usuall

Supplementary positions are prepared and stre



the event of an enemy attack from another

:of the defensive position is continuous. FM

discussion of priority and preparation of defe

271. Fire Planning in Defensea. The fire support plan provides for bringi

early as possible, for increasing the fire a

positions, for breaking his assault, and for re

defense position. Defensive fires must be plann

they will be effective during both daylight and

101). This type mission is not normally a



squadron when other resources are avai

squadron is assigned this mission, the squ

and prepare the position as discussed in

275. Squadron as Part of Striking Force



The armored cavalry squadron may be

division striking force, usually after it has pmission and has withdrawn through the fixing

be used to perform reconnaissance anddivision striking force. Operations of the stthose of normal offensive operations. After tcommitted, the armored cavalry squadrondivision reserve.



the original positions by striking hostile force



Plans must be coordinated closely with adjace

forces in the forward defensive area to insure

prevent firing into friendly positions. Each co

to seize a specific objective. The counterattack an assembly area, attack position (if required

fire support plan, formation, direction of attack

the objective, communication arrangements, re

troop commanders, and coordinating instruction

echelons should reconnoiter the routes to the



CHAPTER 13

RETROGRADE OPERAT

Section I. GENERA

the squadron a zone in which to delay



delaying position and successive delay

time the enemy is to be delayed forwar

b. Delaying positions normally are

They are strong in firepower, with the

likely avenues of enemy approach. Anducting a delaying action is normally

the delaying force and a reserve. Tr

reserves. The squadron commander in

and supporting fires. Execution of a

at any threatened point, or from which it



counterattack.

c. The squadron command post is located wenecessity of frequent displacement and inter

combat elements of the squadron. The co

should remain well forward with the engagedamong the last to withdraw. Combat trains

the rear to avoid interference with combat elem

d. The squadron commander disposes his tr

c. Security to the Flanks. Armore



position must establish their ow n flank

patrols, and contact with adjacent un

ables the delaying force to locate ave

likely to use in an effort to envelop theof any enemy force attempting to ad

be blocked or ambushed. Elements

reconnoiter the flanks and avenues of

to provide early warning of enemy a

and discussion of control measures,

only on these successive squadron positions



positions on intermediate troop delaying pos

given up unnecessarily; instead, every opport

the enemy is exploited, and minimum terrain

delay (FM 17-1 and FM 17-15).

c. The initial delaying position is organize

armored cavalry troops. In some cases, the in

occupied before contact is made with the adv

cases, elements of the air cavalry troop reco



0 F6icT1.011ADVANCE

IuE~~~~~~~~g~~~LINE



DIRECTION

OF ENEMYADVANCE

delaying position and between it and t



When units arrive at the second delay

through the units that prepared and are o

withdrawing through the second delaying

the third delaying position and begin pposition. Responsibility for delaying the e

on the second delaying position when the

through their position. The delaying pro

each element being alternately in contact

the required delay. When not in contact

(3) Provision for security forces and ot



(4) Combat deception measures.

(5) Time and priority of withdrawal b

(6) Traffic control measures.(7) Provision for evacuation or destruc

(8) Evacuation of casualties.

d. Plans for the withdrawal should be fo

enough in advance to permit subordinate ureconnaissance of routes and assembly area

withdrawal from action is considered com



the rear or away from the enemy is class

ments are conducted as described in parag

296. DaylightWithdrawal

a. The high degree of mobility of th

enables it to conduct successful dayligh

withdrawals aie normally subject to enemy

on speed, control, and effective employme

b. The squadron assigns definite routes an

ward positions to each armored cavalry troop



During the initial stage of the retirement, co

to subordinate commanders. However, as

distance between itself and the enemy, the sq

centralized control.

c. Security for the main body is provided

guard action and early warning will normal

of the air cavalry troop. When the retirem

drawal from action, an armored cavalry tro



CHAPTER 1

SPECIAL OPERA

Section I. GEN

b. RadiologicalSurvey: A systematic searc

extent, and dose rate of radiation in specific



area.

c. Chemical Monitoring: Actions taken

give warning of toxic agents by use of detector alarm devices.

d. Chemical Survey: A systematic search

extent, and agent contamination in specific

area, with the chemical agent detector kit.

303. Survey Operations

a. When an armored cavalry unit is



size, number, and composition of the survtion of the persons available, equipmento be surveyed, the road net in the aredesired. Protection from radiation mustThe cumulative dose of radiation acquconsidered. No one must be permittedcommand guidance.

b. Ground survey missions are norm

may be required to perform area damage c



squadron area or in the area of another unit. I

not interefere, subordinate elements of the squ

be employed in performing area damage contro

it may be necessary for the squadron to condoperations in conjunction with combat mis

cumstances, it may be necessary to organize

area damage control units.

b. Organization of the squadron area dam

Section IV. RECONNAISSANCE



308. General

a. On a battlefield characterized by

defined lines of contact, armored cavalrplatoon size must be prepared to operamingle with enemy forces. When theseas a result of deliberate planning or ofthey must capitalize on this excellent oany information that cannot be obtaine

311. Employment Behind Enemy Lines



a. The armored cavalry platoon may be em

operations behind enemy lines as a unit or bygroups. A group of not less than three provides

and security over a period of several days.ployed in this type of mission, although othemay participate in platoon operations.

b. In most operations behind enemy lines,an important role; consequently, vehicles mayRoads and populated areas should be avoided

b. Distance. The distance from the



enemy lines to friendly forces.

c. Movement. The means employed

evacuate them from the area.

d. Communication. The requireme

equipment with sufficient range.

e. Attitude of Civilian Population. A

the area will normally make the task

Section V. AIRMOBILE OPE



314. General

a. Dismounted elements of the armored caaccomplishing any assigned mission, be transpthe area of operations. Armored cavalry personin terminal guidance procedures. Particularlyby air vehicles are the scout sections and rifl

cavalry platoons. Additionally, the vehicles o

c. Search and seizure of areas.



d. Security of surface lines of commu

e. Apprehension of irregular force me

f. Harassing and elimination of irreg

g. Area surveillance.

317. Planning

a. The ultimate objective of operatio

to eliminate the force and prevent its

measures alone result in an ever-increasing comof friendly forces.



b. The squadron attacks targets such as irregof communication, and supply sources. Unlik

ations, the capture of ground contributes littleobjective.

c. When the irregular force area is too lartaneously, it is divided into subareas that are c

d. Encirclement of irregular forces is usuallyto fix them in position to permit their complete



Section II. ORGANIZA



321. Organization

a. The airborne division armored cavalry s

erally the same as the armored, infantry, and

ored cavalry squadrons (fig. 105). Significant

(1) The squadron is organized with o

troops, as opposed to three in the ot

(2) The squadron headquarters and arm

equipped with 106-mm recoilless rif



CHAPTER 16

AIRBORNE ASSAU

Section I. GENER

324. General

tion concurrently with the developmentto information normally included in a w



warning order may contain special secthe number and types of aircraft allocato be delivered with the assault echelon

equipment for air delivery, and any replans. The need for security may requiconcerning the operation be withheld unt

b. If the squadron is operating undeorder gives the squadron its general mis

(i8) Plans for subsequent operations.

c. For further guidance refer to FM 57-10.



326. Reconnaissance

If an air reconnaissance is. not possible, threconnaissance consists of a study of maps,

photographs of the objective area. Other.infor

enemy may be available from higher headqua

cific items of information'are important in form

plan , lad:landing anid reorganization plans:

(4) Limitations on available ammun

(5) Loss of squadron combat power



delivery or loss of air vehicles.

c. The plan for employment of the sq

prise achieved by the assault landing. Itment from the landing zone directly toIf the situation requires the squadron to

airhead, and the squadron is to be emplocation of landing zones should facilita

and troop objectives (fig. 106). When th



d. If elements of the squadron are engaged by

zone or landing zone, individuals return fire



assume control of groups of individuals, regardle

to eliminate the enemy force by small unit ac

necessary in regaining control of individuals and

force.e. Assembly aids are used as planned. If ene

are set up to direct individuals to an alternate

near the entrance to the assembly area dire

respective unit areas. Security is posted as plan

f. Communication is established with division

contact with advancing friendly forces

by enemy action, it may be used to pe



a. Occupy a sector of the airhead.

b. Provide all or part of the division

c. Secure the interior of the airhead a

and infiltrated forces.

Section IV. WITHDR

(2) Squadron pathfinders are not organizever, they must be given enough ind



finder training to permit them to operpathfinders on air vehicle guidance miemployment of unit pathfinders, refer



CHAPTER

EMPLOYMENT OF THE ACAVALRY SQ

road or roads to facilitate movement to the b

desired, to determine the suitability of the r



operations.

342. Offensive Operations

The squadron will conduct offensive action

reconnaissance and security missions. In some

may be assigned assault objectives and the res

the forward defensive area. If required, offen

ployed to reach assigned blocking positions b



PART SI

SCOUT UN

CHAPTER

BRIGADE SCOUT

SCOUT SECTION



1S T SCOUT SQUAD

350. Squad Leader



Squad leaders are responsible for theemployment, and control of their squadsmaintenance and operation of all vehicles

Section III. EMPL

351. General



directly to the designated point while the

a good point of observation and provides



360. Guides During Movement

a. The scout section may be used as

section leader supervises the placing of dir

liaison with the unit to be guided, ascer

identifies the beginning and end of the rou

b. When time permits, the scout sect

the route. If a passage of lines is to be

survey; assist in restoring communication t

traffic; or otherwise assist as directed by the co



(CAT) or heavy rescue team (FM 17-1).

363. Chemical and Radiological Monitor

a. Chemical and radiological monitoring is

quently by the scout section. It is performed

mission. Monitoring is conducted either on

basis. When moving, it is desirable to condu

When occupying an area or position, periodi



APPENDIX

REFERENCES

FM 1-5 Army Aviation Organ

FM 1-10 Army Aviation Orga

FM 9-30 Maintenance Battalio

mand.



FM 10-33 Airborne Division Qu

Support Company.

FM 10-50 Supply and Transport

Command.FM 10-63 Handling of Deceased

Operations.

FM 11-50 Signal Battalion, In

Armored Divisions.

FM 11-57 Airborne Division, Sig

FM 23-25 BayonetFM 23-30 Grenades and Py



FM 23-65 Browning MachinFM 23-67 Machine Gun 7.6FM 23-71 Rifle Marksmans

FM 23-92 4.2-Inch MortarFM 24-18 Field Radio TechFM 26-5 Interior GuardFM 27-10 The Law of LandFM 30-5 Combat IntelligeFM 30-7 Combat Intelligen

FM 101-10 Staff Officers Field Manu

nical, and Logistical Da



FM 101-31 Staff Officers Field Man

Employment (U).

TC 3-7 Capabilities and Employm

(U).TC 3-10 Defense Against V Agents

TC 5-2 Employment of Mobile A

TC 17-7 Aerial Surveillance Platoon

Cavalry Regiment (U).

TC 100-1 Employment of Nuclear W



APPENDIX

SIGNAL COMMUNICATIOCAVALRY U

Section I. GEN

(CW) capability, also are capable of radioteleThis RATT equipment, as well as furnishing



planning ranges in comparison to FM radios, is

mission of lengthy situation, logistical, and ad

d. Until the AN/VRC-12 series of radiosAN/GRC-3 through -8 series, the ground Farmored cavalry units, including brigade scoudivision, will be armor band. The armored cscout sections of the other divisions-mechanborne-will be authorized infantry band ground

(4) Operation of the squadron



service.

(5) Provisions of facilities for enc

(6) Performance of second-echelonmunication and other electron

(7) Preparation, distribution, and

(8) Operation of the communicatio

c. Specialists to operate the radiote

squadron headquarters to monitor th



rendered by pilots flying tactical air

(2) Other special purpose nets. These

required.

d. Nets Used by Supporting and Attach

61-24.

Figure 109. Type radio ne t diagram, armored c



*· . e * -... -.

PLA H PLA HQ PLAT

Section III. COMMUNICATION SY



CAVALRY SQUADRON, AIRBOR

8. General

The communication system of the airbornesquadron is very similar to that of the cavalrdivisions. The exceptions are the result of difmissions, and in the table of organizationBecause of similarities of the armored cavalry

Figure111. Type radio net diagram, armored c



(Located in back of

11. Visual Communication

In addition to the other uses of visuextensively in the airborne division in c

ations.



14. Type Wire Net



Because of the type of tactical missio

troop, there is little opportunity to use

the tactical situationpermit,

such as insituation, wire may be used to advanta

net is installed, maintained, and opera

communication specialists. Normally,

the troop command post. Figure 112 s

troop wire net as part of the armored ca



Section VI. COMMUNICATION

TROOP, ARMORED, MECHANI



AIRBORNE DIV

18. TroopCommunication Personne

The air cavalry troop is authorized

mechanics for both air and ground

intermediate speed (CW) radio operato

troop communication system.

(2) Tactical air direction net UHF. The s

mentioned above may be used when



controller operators to contact and di

aircraft.

d. Other Nets. Each air vehicle, when placedunit, is able to monitor the supported unit's co

aircraft auxiliary FM receiver.

1 Armored, mechanized, and infantry

Figure 114. Type radio net diagram, air

23. Specific

a. There are no communication speci



cavalry platoon.

b. The platoon operates a separate plato

all sections and squads participate.c. The platoon leader and platoon ser

command net of the next higher headqua

(1) Troop command net FM, fo

armored cavalry troops.

mAA

a



i~~~~~~~~~~· z

2



APPENDIX III

EMPLOYMENT OF AIR VE

1. General

Air vehicles assigned to the air cavalry troop a



I



l -i Ej..,i,~~ ~~~.jjjj.-.j.... jjj.j..

e Eiiiiii~iiiiiii iii~iiN

i .' .. .

i _ ' i t- ' 3 j ~~~~

compromise the troop location. Air vehdispersal or parking site as possible. N



occur. Color-coded flashlights may be uing and parking sites. In rough terrain

exist, a glide angle indicator may be ulanding site (fig. 120). This is a componset; however, only the glide angle inbattlefield environment of the air cavalrto land at platoon landing sites, the en



once. The methods used will vary co

vehicle attack. Even though a thorou



a team is not possible, a hasty plan

following factors must be considered

(1) Type of target. (Is the airagainst this target? Is the t

(2) Size of target. (Will an att

one air vehicle team and, i

sufficient time?)

c. Coordination between all aviators is requthe target. Attack of a large target area by mo



that each be cognizant of the progress beingrequires continuous coordination by radio and c

ing or withdrawing from the target. Withoutnation, air vehicle losses to enemy fire will incre

d. Communication problems increase durincavalry troop. Coordination, while more diffictance due to the speed of air vehicles, the ar

7. Fixed Automatic Weapons Systems

a. The fixed automatic weapons system



air vehicle consists of automatic weaponson each side of the fuselage, with sighting

tion in the cockpit. The system permits thethe muzzle of the weapon to compensate fair vehicle. To traverse the weapons systturned to the right or left. The system psafetying of the air vehicle weapons by th

optical aid. Movements of the hand contro

to the missile, which make small corrections



on the missile. The missile is alined with

the missile flare on the target. While this mit requires that a line-of-sight be maintaine

air vehicle until the target has been engagedthe maneuvering of the air vehicle during e

10. Characteristics

Except for cases where a target is stat

13. Target Range

a. To assist the gunner in



estimatinglength, width, and height of the most likbattlefield. These may be grouped for

size: trucks, armored personnel carriersweapons; shop and communication vansmachinegun and mortar crews; etc.

b. The range at which target shoulddirectly to the range and lethality of we

rounds, fire is placed below the target and adit by visual observation of the cone of fire o



122). Fire is maintained on the target foneutralize or destroy it. When targets are

bursts are employed. Care must be exercisedbe fired, to prevent overheating of the guntarget and the time available for firing dictatimes, a combination of both will produce the

b. When firing rockets at a target, the gu



0 O. .W w

0

,LL

same elevation as the weapons platform req

elevated 16.2 mils. The projectile reaches a he



above the straight line connecting the weapo

at minus elevations reduces the maximum o

sight angle is used. The conical effect of the r

air changes from a generally circular pattern t

zone) upon striking the ground. Firing tables

tion list dimensions not only for the beaten zo

well. Trajectory charts can be obtained for an

b. The effects of velocity on rockets is gr

LARGE SIGHT

00 ui EFF



....

50°

LARGE SIGHT AN



100 -.

z0o

U. <



Cl



/k \



altitude, but his sense of distance ten

would normally attract his attention



c. Map reading training must dev

symbols, military symbols, scale, con

tion, map and airphoto reading, and coand airphotos. This is not to imply

these subjects is sufficient. Observers

photo readers.

d. Training in recognizing and iden

SIGNATURE



The dust cloud is the signature of these tan

oriented on the ground and on hi

proves with practice and experien



himself and his map on clearly d

These terrain features will be re

until they are no longer readily dfeatures are used.

(2) Terrain analysis. The observer m

terrain. A hasty analysis can be

photo study. Such an analysis

DIRECTION OF FLIGH



EFER-NCE/

b. While performing the above actio

following:



(1) Altitude. The air vehicle, as an

certain advantages over ground

are gained by elevating the obse

altitude at which objects are re

demonstrates the effect of altitu

level the observer sees only vert

an extremely high altitude he s



A. Observation of a target from too lowonly a vertical view, which is likeby camouflage.

EXAMPL

ALPHA-Greyhound 3, Alpha 1.



BRAVO-5 medium tanks.

CHARLIE-Coordinate 596715. 0715 h

DELTA-Moving south on Highway 17ECHO-Maintaining visual contact wit



INDEX

Action on contact ..........................................Advance guard:

Air cavalry troop ..........................

Employment:

Air cavalry troop ........................................



Armored cavalry units .........................Factors affecting employment ..................Fundamentals ................................

Medium range ground radar .......... ......Scout section .................................

Short range ground radar ......................Squadron ..............................................Troop ........................................

Exploitation ..............................................

Defense ..............................



Delaying action .......................

Platoon:

Armored cavalry:Advance guard ...................

Ambush ...........................

Area reconnaissance ...............

Attack ...........................

Reconnaissance-Continued

Missions. (See each type of unit.)



Route. (See each type of unit.)

Zone. (See each type of unit.)

Reporting procedures .................................

Retirement. (See each type of unit.)

Retrograde operations. (See each type of unit.)

Roadblocks ..........................................

Route reconnaissance. (See each type of unit.)

Scout section ...............................................

Squadron-Continued

Armored cavalry-Continued



Reconnaissance operations:Area ...............................

Route ..........................

Zone ...........................

Retirement .........................

Retrograde operations ..............

Route reconnaissance ...............

Screening force .....................

Security operations:

Troop-Continued

Air cavalry-Continued



Part of a larger force:Attack ................ ...............

Covering force ...............................Preparation for the attack ..................

Rear area security force ......................

Rear guard .........................................Reconnaissance by fire .......................

Reconnaissance frontages ..................

Reconnaissance operations:

Troop-Continued

Armored cavalry-Continued



Part of a larger force:Attack .........................

Covering force ..................Preparation for the attack ...........Rear area security ....................Rear guard .........................

Reconnaissance operations:Area reconnaissance ...............

Conduct of reconnaissance .......

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AR

G



Genera

Official:

J. C. LAMBERT,

Major General, United States Army,

The Adjutant General.

Distribution:

4 ea HEL UTII 4 ea L



2 ea HEL UTIL SVC PAT

NOTES: 1. PRC-1O To Sec Ldr only.

_>EXFOTE I O T

4 ea HEL UTIL 4ea



SVC PLAT

NOTES: 1. PRC-8 to Sec Ldr only.

2. VRC-24 may be used whenrequired by FAC in tactical airdirection net UHF.

3. Where not otherwise spec-

DAVY CROCKETT COMM OF



51-5 HDNS2 S DN S

HO TRP COMDR ISQDN S4

SOONi~ S| t i

.' HO TRPXIO I I ·

HO TRP MAINT SURVI SEC SGT SURV

DAVY CROCKEiTT CO

NOTE 3

DNS2 S



SOON S1-S

HQ TRPCOMDR

SOON S4

HO TRP MAINT | SURVLSEC SGT

SQDNMAINT OFFSPT

Example No. 4 . Armored Cavalry Squadron Operation Order, -

Flank Guard (Overlay Type) (Classification)

IEFF ON o iCopy No. 6

I 4 Hq 2d Armd Cav Sqdn, 22d Cav70 I FRIESENHAUSEN (NB5897),

1/111 1/22 GERMANY

/OBJ ) 440 ! | 140100 Jan 19OBJ~ COPPER ) Ij JSEX NB4 XB47

OPORD 4

Reference: Map, GERMANY, 1:100,000, FULDA, and EISENACH sheets.

1ask org:PL BILL Tsor:route

I Trp A Trp B

Lt~, I lTrp A, 2/22 Cav Trp B, 2/22 Cav[\,'~ - > , ,g1Sec,ero-Sct Plat, Trp D

I\\ LAK II,~_:2(--)e Trp D

|, ILACK Trp C Trp D (Air Cav), 2/22 Cav (-)

Trp C, 2/22 Cavaqdn Con

2 U (i a9) 9 Hq & Hq Trp, 2/22 Cav

1st Plat, Co C, 25th Engr Bn



Cm I (i) I- I a l I| 4 LOH, C o B (GS), 25 Avn Bnt %i| B 1 1. SITUATION

,. 1 1 -a.nemy forces.

OA\ i : §L SAM (1) Elements of an unidentified enemy mech div oppose the 25th Armd

@9 1I adze)=' q *Div.X | < t>I;WllT6 |(2) Enemy tk div located vic MARKSUHL (NB8441) could reinforce

elements opposing 25th Div, 2-1/2 hours after start of friendly

t I ,, ,~movement.

O (i)~ _/ * b. Friendly forces.

21) RED (1) 25th Armd Div attacks through the 21st Inf Div 140530 Jan 19_,V . /. with 1st and 2d Bde abreast. 2d Bde on the right seizes obj

t ,-"/ Copper; continues the attack northeast on order.

Ole A I' ~ _ _ _ (2) Corps arty spts 25th Armd Div penetration with nuclear fires.

Of_ I << 2 c. Attachments and detachments. Task organization.

2. MISSION

2/22 Cavalry conducts mobile flank guard 140530 Jan 19_, to protect div

right (E) flank.

40 FFD _ LEGEND:

OO+ ee*-@ LINE OF AIR SCREEN (Classification)

Example No. 3. Armored Cavalry Squadron Operation Order- (Classification)

Covering Force (Overlay Type)

2d Armd Cav SqdUNE WHITE IDP) 2d Armd Ca Sqda

~V / \ \ i)FREYSTADT (PV

110220 Oct 19

OPORD 19

Reference: Map, GERMANY, 1:100,000, NEUBURG, NURNB45 and AMBERG sheets.

LINE WHITE (IDP) Task org:I (UNTIL 130400 AUG)

~~~zS / x~~~~~~~~~ I I ~TrpA Trp B

525 <g) o, A {B IITM\ Trp A, 2/22 Cav Trp B, 2/22 Cav*'""l I I F/mt |Tl I LZC

l \ E \/I 25 X Trp D Tm E

N ,' , /1 __i / (53} \ \ Trp D (Air Cav), 2/22 Cav Co A, 2/12 Armor (-

LUNE 101 1 I P1lat, Co B, 2/92 In

BLACK I Tj Tm F

\ / ICo B, 2/92 Inf (-1 Plat) Sqdn Con

Ii t , 2 >// 1 Plat, Co A, 2/12 Armor Hq & Hq Trp, 2/22 C

01 t t / - /2/52 Arty, (105-mm

C/25 Engr Bn

\ \ O-t LINELACK 4 LOH, CoB (GS), 2

\ \UNTIL 131800 AUG) 1. SITUATION



a. Enemy forces. Leading elements of the 111th Mecha

b/ ;_and 21st Tank Division have reached the Naab Rive

b. Friendly forces.

(1) 1st Corps conducts defense along line PV7985,

(2) 25th Armd Division conducts mobile defense.

W> } \c Attachments and detachments. Task organization ef

2. MISSIONSquadron, as division covering force, defends line White

/ ug 19 , withdraws to the south, achieving maximum

LINE { enemy north of line Bluen ntil 132400 Aug 19. After

_BUE / \FEBA move to assembly area vic QV278149, prepare t

-Y | --- > f LE BWE right (E) flank on order.L BLUE

(UNTIL 132400 AUG)

(Classification)

17

20

(Classification)Example No. 2. Armored Cavalry Squadron Operation Order -

Area Reconnaissance (Overlay Type)Copy No2d Arm

MUNICH

90 102200OPORD 30 SG 0201

,49 < @ \

70OPORD 30

701

1^eference: Map, GERMANY, 1:100,000, REGENSBURG

19 ~A~~ ~ ~~- C< ITask org:

|N Trp A Trp B

Trp A, 2/22 Cav Trp B, 2/22

Plat, Co C, 25th Engr Bn Plat, Co C,__ Sec, Aero Sct Plat, Trp D Sec, Aero S

(O) / \ Trp C Trp D

Trp C, 2/22 Cav Trp D (Air C(~ Gi AP E Plat, Co C, 25th Engr Bn

Sec, Aero Sct Plat, Trp D Sqdn Co

Hq &Hq Trp

( \3 ( j Co C, 25th E

(0 1st Sec, A

Co E, 25

B Btry A (155-155-



CI 4 LOH, Co B1. SITUATION

a. Enemy forces.

;/ I t- I L- (1) Reconnaissance elements of aggressor 111t

3 civision opposing 25th Armd Div.3 j: \ (2) Aggressor 21st Tank Div reported vic AMB

S ~J I L I 111th Mechanized Rifle Division.I/ b. Friendly forces.

Xb2/5 W . (1) 25th Armd Div atk 120400 Oct 19_, to seiz

s , X >_ _ on the W, 2d Bde on the E, 3d Bde in res.

!C / 00 % (2) 55th Mech Div follows and supports 25th Ar| <> R /O{ (3) 201st Armd Cav protects corps E flank.

0,a / \ (4) Ninth Tac Air Force spts Thirtieth US Arm

['- / ) and 25th Armd Div.

/ ~/ c. Attachments and detachments. Task org.

\ /-- 2. MISSIONI Sqdn conducts area reconnaissance of Area Grape c

(Classification)

Example No. 1 . Armored Cavalry Squadron Operation Order(C

Zone Reconnaissance (Overlay Type)one Reconnaissance (Overlay Type)

~~~~~~~PLC~~P~~EARHEADC~ ~2d ._jPLPEARHEAD P FKALBENSTEINBERGPLt_ RIFEI~ ~~4 P ALOS I221200

PL ALLONS

XX OPORD 3325 1 Reference: Map, GERMANY, 1:1

I I ___ \N sheets.0

Task org:

",25_____+_,-_L_ ~~TrpA_()/seeTrp, 2/22 Cav

1 Plat, Co D, 25th Engr / ! \ / 1 AVLB

Sec, Aero Sct Plat, Trp D

Tm (Hv), DC Sec, 2/22 Cav

t A Trp C TrpTrp C, 2/22 Cav

22 I1 lat, Co D, 25th Engr

|--~ ~ ~ ~



N ,- _, ,1 AVLB

Sec, Aero Set Plat, Trp D4'>~~ / \ ,. ), g; /~~~~~~~~~Tm (Lt), DC Sec, 2/22 Cav

Vy p~lS

armored cavalry platoon and troop fm17!36!1961

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