army research institute - combat leaders' guide

8/15/2019 Army Research Institute - Combat Leaders' Guide

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ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINFANTRY FORCES RESEARCH UNIT

1997

LEADER HANDBOOK

COMBAT LEADERS'GUIDE

CCCCCLLLLLGGGGG


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INTRODUCTIONThe Combat Leaders' Guide is both anextract of doctrinal publications and acompilation of tactics, techniques andprocedures(TTPs). It is principally

designed as a pocket reference andmemory-jogger.

Some TTPs you have learned in trainingdo not appear here. The material in this

job aid comes from the doctrinalliterature program.

Laminate pages to be written on;remove, reorganize or tab pages based

on your mission; insert other job aids,TTPs or SOPs as needed.

Questions? Call SACG at Ft. Benning,DSN 835-5741 LT Kirby, SGT Rose, SGT

Sparks.


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1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLANTroop leading procedures 2-1Warning order 2-2Factors of METT-T 2-3Estimate of the situation 2-8

Operation order (OPORD) 2-15Fragmentary order (FRAGO) 2-19Time schedule 2-20Light and weather data 2-21

Leading in combat 1-1Basic rules of combat 1-2

Actions before march 3-1Duties of quartering party 3-2March orders 3-3Actions during march 3-4Actions at halts 3-5Actions at assembly area 3-6

MOVE

BASIC COMBAT RULES PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEFEND

Preparation for attack 4-1Consolidation 4-3Reorganization 4-4

Defensive priority of work 5-1Defense planning outline 5-3

Coordination checklist 5-5Establish observation post 5-7Fighting position guidelines 5-8Building fighting position 5-9Range card preparation 5-11

Range card (blank) 5-13Range card (sample) 5-14

5-155-175-18

Sector sketch preparationSector sketch (sample)Occupation of a battle position

PAGEATTACK


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3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Disengagement planning 7-1Disengagement actions 7-2Passage of lines coordination 7-3Withdrawal under enemy pressure 7-4Withdrawal not under enemy 7-7pressure

Relief in place 7-11

DELAYFundamentals of delay 6-1

WITHDRAW

Fire distribution and control 5-20Camouflage 5-21Physical security 5-22

Fighting from a battle position 5-19

Defending during limited visibility 5-24

DEFEND PAGE


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4

TABLE OF CONTENTS PATROL/RECON

Patrol planning steps 8-1Patrol coordination 8-2Complete the plan 8-4

Departure from friendly lines 8-6Rally points 8-7Patrol report (debriefed) 8-8Selection of a patrol base 8-9Occupation of a patrol base 8-10

Patrol base activities 8-11Principles of a raid 8-12Conduct a raid 8-13Principles of an ambush 8-15Organize an ambush 8-17

Conduct an ambush 8-19Plan a recon mission 8-21Recon zone 8-23Recon area 8-25

PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS NBCNBC-1 report 9-1NBC-4 report 9-2NBC-prior to attack 9-3

NBC-during attack 9-4NBC-after attack 9-6Unmasking with chemical agent 9-8detector kit

Unmask without chemical agent 9-9

detector kitMOPP levels 9-10Detailed troop decon 9-11MOPP gear exchange 9-12Mark contaminated area: 9-13

radiological/bio/chemPrepare for NBC attack/protect 9-15

against electromagnetic pulseSupervise radiation monitoring 9-16Using a dosimeter 9-17

Collect/report total radiation dose 9-18

PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Principles of fire support 10-1planning/coordination

Call for fire 10-2

Call for fire card 10-4Target list worksheet 10-5Mortar/artillery capabilities 10-6AFV Weapon capabilities 10-7Target acquisition/signature 10-8Attack helicopter capabilities 10-9

Artillery counterfire 10-10

Supplies and logistical services 11-1Precombat check (mech) 11-2Precombat check (light) 11-3

Classes of supply 11-4

Electro counter-counter 12-1measures

Radio troubleshooting 12-2

Splicing field wire 12-3Installing commo lines 12-5

PAGE

COMMO

FIRE SUPPORT AND OBSERVATION

SUPPLIES/LOGISTICS


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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

MINES/DEMO

Crossing objects with commo lines 12-6Messenger briefing 12-7

COMMO

Rules of engagement (ROE) 14-1Area assessment checklist 14-2Checkpoint/roadblock PIR 14-4checklist

PEACEKEEPING

Install/remove hasty protective 13-1minefield

DA Form 1355-1-R sample 13-3DA Form 1355-1-R (blank) 13-4Breaching and clearing minefields 13-5

Nonelectric firing system 13-6Nonelectric/electric priming of 13-8demo block

Clear nonelectric/electric misfires 13-10Electric firing system 13-11


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TABLE OF CONTENTS AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS

Aircraft troop commander briefing 15-1Safety briefing checklist 15-2Reverse planning sequence 15-3Ground tactical plan 15-4considerations

Landing plan considerations 15-5Landing zone selection criteria 15-6Air assault PZ/LZ planning 15-7considerations

Extraction loading plan 15-8requirements

Leader duties in air assault 15-9operations

Chalk leader duties/platoon air 15-10assault

Set up a helicopter landing site 15-11Night marking of PZs/LZs 15-13

PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS MEDICALEvaluate a casualty/first aid 16-1Shock - symptoms/first aid 16-2Heat exhaustion/heat cramps 16-3

Heat stroke/sun stroke 16-4Frostbite 16-5Hypothermia/cold weather injury 16-6Request army air MEDEVAC 16-7Continuous operations planning 16-8

Heat precautions 16-10

Engaging aircraft 18-1Weapons control status 18-1Air defense warning 18-2Local air defense warning 18-2

Engagement/lead distances 18-3Passive air defense 18-4

Vehicle recovery procedure checklist 17-1Vehicle recovery fundamentals 17-2

VEHICLE RECOVERY

AIR DEFENSE

PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Built-up area fighting principles 19-1Attack and clear a building 19-2Organize building defense 19-3

Principles of the Law of War 20-1Rules of engagement (ROE) and 20-3

the law of warHandling of enemy prisoners of 20-4war (EPWs)

LEGAL ASPECTS OF WAR

MISCELLANEOUS

Spot report/SALUTE 21-1Find unknown range (WORM) 21-2Conversion table: US/metric 21-3Converting azimuths 21-4Reduce risk of fratricide 21-5

COMBAT IN CITIES PAGE


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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEMISCELLANEOUSRisk management 21-7Risk management steps 21-8Risk management matrix 21-10

Personnel records 21-11

ACRONYMSAcronyms 22-1


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LEADING IN COMBAT1 Set the example

2 Lead from as far forward as you can

3 Lead from a position where yoursoldiers can see you/your vehicle

4 Lead from where you can control allelements physically or by radio

5 Move to influence the action

6 Make sound, quick decisions

7 Forcefully execute decisions

8 Use reverse planning sequence

Notes:


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1-21 1

BASIC RULES OF COMBATTYPE RULE

5 SUSTAIN

Keep fight going/care for soldiers

4 COMMUNICATEInform everyone/tell soldiers whatyou expect

3 SHOOTEstablish base of fire/mutualsupportKill/suppress enemy

2 MOVEEstablish moving element/moveto position of advantageGain and maintain initiative

1 SECUREUse cover and concealmentEstablish local security/recon


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3 Make tentative plan

5 Conduct Reconnaissance

6 Complete plan

7 Issue orders

8 Supervise and refine

Notes:

2 Issue warning order

TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES

4 Initiate necessary movement

1 Receive mission

STEP ACTION


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1. Situation _____________________________________________________________2. Mission ______________________________________________________________

____________________________________3. General Instructions

a. Special teams/task organization _______________________________________________________________________

b. Common uniform/equipment ________________________________________c. Special weapons, ammo, equipment

____________________________________________________________________

d. Tentative time schedule ____________________________________________

4. Special Instructions ________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________

WARNING ORDER


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ITEM

(FACTORS APPLY TO FR & EN)

FACTORS

FACTORS OF METT-T

MISSION

Specified tasks

Implied tasks

Mission essential tasks

Limitations/constraints

Restated mission

Intent one & two levels up

1


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22 2-4

FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM

ENEMY

Disposition/composition

Recent activities

Weaknesses

2

Strength

Possible COAs

Reinforcement abilities

Probable COAs


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2-52 2

FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORSTROOPS AVAILABLE3

Disposition

Composition

Strength (personnel/

materiel)

Activities

Weaknesses

Morale

Combat service support

Maintenance level

Key leaders


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22 2-6

FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM

TERRAIN (OCOKA)4

Cover & concealment

Obstacles

Key terrain

Avenues of approach

Observation/Fields of fire


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2-72 2

FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORS

TIME

Planning & preparation

of combat orders

Start, critical, release

points

Line of departure

Inspections &rehearsals

Movement

Use 1/3 - 2/3 rule

5


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION1. Detailed Mission analysis

a. Mission/intent of commander 2levels up

b. Mission/intent of immediatecommander

g. Tentative time schedule

f. Restated mission

c. Tasks & purpose/specified

& implied

e. Constraints & limitations

d. Mission essential tasks


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION2. Estimate situation/develop courseof action

Disposition

Intentions

Capabilities

CompositionStrengths

Weaknesses

Weapons/units

a. Terrain & weather - effects on

personnel & equipment

b. Enemy situation & COA

Most probable COA basedon doctrine/situation

OCOKA

Visibility/trafficabilitymobility/survivability


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATIONc. Friendly situation

Task organization toaccomplish mission

Control measures

Purposes & tasks of main& supporting efforts

Results that must beachieved

Decisive point & time tofocus combat power

d. Friendly COA (repeat foreach COA)

Time available

Equipment available

Troops available

Prepare a COA statement& sketche.


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION3. Analyze COAs

General Factors

commander's intent

relative effectiveness

characteristics of offense and

defense

weapon utilization

METT-T

Mission specific factors

mission essential tasks

logistic support


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 2 31

Supports schemeof maneuver

Helps command& control

Concentrates combatpower at decisive point

Forces providemutual support

Responds to maneuver

elements & reserve

considering how well theCOA:


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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION1Compare Courses of Action 24. 3

Maximizes observation &ranges of weaponsystems

Exploits enemy weakness

Provides enoughmaneuver space

Provides cover &

concealment

Uses best avenue of

approach

Accounts for weather



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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 1 2 3


Considers obstacles

Controls key terrain

Helps speed of execution

Does not requireadjustment of unitpositions

Uses all HQs

Requires normal CSS

5. Decision


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OPERATION ORDER

2 2

a. Enemy forces:

b. Friendly forces:

Units providing fire support

Mission/concept higher

Task organization:

1. Situation

Location & actions of units on

left, right, front, rear


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OPERATION ORDER

(1) Maneuver

2. Mission

a. Concept of the operation

3. Execution

Intent


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OPERATION ORDER

2 2

(2) Fires

b. Tasks to maneuver units

c. Tasks to combat support units

d. Coordinating instructions(1) Time schedule

(2) PIR


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OPERATION ORDER

a. General:

4. Service Support:

5. Command and Signala. Command:

b. Signal:


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2-192 2

FRAGMENTARY ORDER(FRAGO provides changes to anexisting order. Address only ele-ments that have changed)

1. Situation

2. Mission

3. Execution

4. Service Support

5. Command/Signal

Reference

Task organization


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FRAGMENTARY ORDERTIME SCHEDULEWHEN WHAT WHERE WHO


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2-212 2

FRAGMENTARY ORDERLIGHT AND WEATHER DATAITEM FIRST DAY NEXT DAY

BMNT/EENT

Sun Rise

Sun Set

Moon Rise

Moon SetNVG Hours

Temp High/Lo

% Illum

Winds

Precip

Effects of light & weather:


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ACTIONS BEFORE MARCHSTEP ACTION

1 Give warning order

2 Select quartering party NCO and

send to team CP

3 Recon route from AA to SP

4 Record time from AA to SP

5 Adjust departing time from AAto arrive at SP on time

6 Have crews perform precombat

checks

7 Have vehicle commanders reporttheir status

8 Give march order to vehiclecommanders


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DUTIES OF QUARTERING PARTYSTEP ACTION1 Inspect intended assembly area

for enemy NBC/mines

8 Brief platoon leader

7 Guide platoon into area

6 Select covered/concealed routeto RP; meet platoon

5 Select general location ofvehicle positions; mark places

4 Clear or mark obstacles

3 Establish and maintain commo

2 Secure platoon area untilplatoon arrives


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1. Destination (map) _______________________________________________________2. Route of march (map) ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________3. Location of SP, critical points, RP(map) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________4. SP time __________________________5. March interval (meters) _____________6. March speed (mph/kph) _____________7. Catch up speed (mph/kph) __________

8. Time and location of scheduled halts__________________________________________________________________________9. Time unit leaves present position _________________________________________

10. Order of march _______________________________________________________

MARCH ORDERS


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ACTIONS DURING MARCHITEM ACTION

2 Maintain ground and air security

1 Arrive at SP on time at marchspeed with proper march interval

5 If under radio listening silence -use hand and arm signals, flagsignals, or flashlight signals

4 Report SP, critical points, RP(unless under radio listeningsilence)

3 Observe vehicle sectors ofresponsibility


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ACTIONS AT HALTSITEM ACTION

2 Establish/maintain security

1 Pull to side of route - maintainorder

6 Take appropriate actions/repairvehicles if possible

5 Report status

4 Maintain observation/contactwith other vehicles

3 Move disabled vehicles offroad - post guides to direct

traffic


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ACTIONS AT ASSEMBLY AREAITEM ACTION

1 Follow guides into preselectedsecure positions

5 Establish wire commo net/coordinate with other units

4 Conduct fire planning

7 Start maintenance/resupply/rearming

8 Prepare/rehearse reaction plan

6 Check/adjust positions;camouflage positions

2 Clear RP without halting3 Emplace/maintain security/OPs


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PREPARATION FOR ATTACKTASK ACTION

2 Move to assembly area


5 Check key equipment

4 Check weapons

6 Rehearse critical tasks

7 Recon rtes to LD/OBJ

8 Issue OPORD

9 Resupply, rearm, refuel

3 Perform commo check

10 Coordinate w/higher,supporting, adjacent units

11 Rehearse

12 Conduct PMCS as required

13 Check/integrate attachments


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44 4-2

PREPARATION FOR ATTACKTASK ACTION14 Check NBC situation/confirm

MOPP status

Notes:

19 Move to LD

18 Rest troops

17 Feed troops

16 Inspect vehicles

15 Inspect troops

Several steps may occur concurrently.


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CONSOLIDATIONSTEP ACTION

1 Eliminate all remaining enemyresistance on objective

2 Occupy hasty positions/prepare for counterattack

3 Bring up base of fire element

4 Prepare for a counterattack

5 Position key weapon systems

6 Develop quick fire plan

7 Prepare range cards

8 Begin planning to continueattack (map recon, orders)

Notes:


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44 4-4

REORGANIZATION

1 Reestablish chain ofcommand

STEP ACTION

Request resupply as needed

Treat, evacuate, process

3 Clear objective of casualties &

EPW

Redistribute ammo, supplies,equipment as needed

Reman key weapons

2 Reestablish security/prep forcounterattack

Report status: ACE (AMMO/Casualties/Equipment)

Restore commo withhigher, adjacent, FSO


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STEP ACTIONREORGANIZATION

Notes:

4 Prepare for next mission

Relocate weapons & positions

Reoccupy & repair positionsRepair obstacles & minesRepair & maintain equipment


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DEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORKSTEP TASK

1 Establish local security

9 Site final protective line(FPL) and fires (FPF),priority targets

8 Prepare squad & platoonsector sketches

7 Prepare range cards

6 Clear fields of fire

3 Posn sqds/assign sectors

for interlocking sectors

5 Coordinate with adjacent units

2 Position key weapons & vehicles

4 Set up commo net


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STEP TASKDEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORK

10 Prep fighting positions

11 Emplace mines & obstacles

12 Establish fire control measures

13 Assign alternate & supplemen-tary battle positions

14 Take NBC protective measures

15 Improve primary positions

16 Prep alternate then suppl posns

21 Continue to improve positions

20 Stockpile ammo, food, water

19 Rehearse actions on contact

18 Recon supply/evac routes

17 Establish sleep/rest plan


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DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE1. Commander's intent ________________________________________________________________________________________2. Platoon/squad mission _____________

________________________________________________________________________3. Position in company defense ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Sectors of fire/EAs/TRPs________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Fire support available ______________

________________________________________________________________________6. Evacuate/destroy procedures fordamaged vehicles ________________________________________________________

____________________________________


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DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE7. Evacuation procedures for friendlycasualties_______________________________________________________________8. Place to take EPW _________________

________________________________________________________________________9. Special signals to use ______________________________________________________________________________________

10. On-order mission for platoon/squad________________________________________________________________________11. Position and mission of units onflanks ______________________________

________________________________________________________________________12. Position and mission of units in therear ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________


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COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP

Sectors of fire of machine guns,anti-armor weapons & subunits

3

1 Location of leaders

2 Location of primary, alternate,& supplementary positions

ITEM

Location & types of obstacles

& how to cover them

7

6

5

Route to alternate &supplementary positions

4

Location of OPs & withdrawalroutes back to the platoon orsquad position

Location of dead space betweenplatoons & squads & how tocover it


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COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP ITEM

Patrols - size, type, timesof departure & return & routes

Fire support planned

Engagement &disengagement criteria

Location of coordinationpoints

8

9

Location, activities & passageplan for scouts & other unitsforward of platoon position

Signals for fire/cease fire& any emergency signals

10

11

12

13


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ITEM ACTION

Select site - cover & concealmentOverlapping sectors

Designate OP security &

secure reporting proceduresEstablish withdrawal planwith procedures & routes

Change observers every 20-30

minutes as situation permits

Conduct surveillance - nameobserver, recorder & security

Search, identify & reportpersonnel, vehicles, etc.Use overlapping sectorsof observation

Prepare to call for/adjustindirect fire; use binos/

NODs; navigation tools &commo equipment

3

4

5

2

1

ESTABLISH OBSERVATION POST


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FIGHTING POSITION GUIDELINESITEM DESCRIPTION

Prep by stages with inspectionImprovement is progressive

Site to engage the enemy

select best position, cover deadspace, use max eff range &provide interlocking firesPriority to effective weaponsystem use; METT-T dependent

Protection - adequate to coverenemy weaponsPosition - provide cover &

concealment - make sure itcannot be seenFill sandbags 3/4 fullRevet excavations in sandy soilCheck stabilization of wall basesInspect daily, especially afterrain & after direct/indirect firesMaintain, repair, improveUse proper material, correctly

3

2

1


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BUILD FIGHTING POSITIONSTAGE ACTION1

2 Emplace walls: 1 helmet distancefrom hole to start of coverFront wall 2-3 sandbags high by2 M16s long for 2 man positionFlank wall same height, 1 M16long; rear wall 1 sandbag highby 1 M16 longStakes required to hold logsLeader inspects position

Establish position:Leader check fields of fire,soldier emplace sector stakes

Position log or sandbagbetween stakesScoop out elbow holesPosition lim vis aiming stakesTrace outline on ground

Clear fields of fireLeader inspects position


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BUILD FIGHTING POSITION

Dig the position: throw &pack dirtArmpit deep

Parapets filled, all camouflagedGrenade sumps dug/floor slopedRucksack storage optionalLeader inspects position

Overhead cover: camouflageblended, cannot detect at 35MLogs placed over center frontto rearWaterproofing (plastic bags,

ponchos) placed over top6" - 8" of dirt/sandbags piledon topOverhead cover & bottomcamouflaged

Leader inspects position

STAGE ACTION

4

3


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Note: Make card and copy for eachprimary, alternate, supplementaryposition

RANGE CARD PREPARATION

STEP ACTION

1 Draw symbol for weapon/position in center circle

Draw terrain features/mark wpnref point from terrain or grid

Draw/label L&R sector limits

6 Show dead space areas and label

Draw final protective lines/principal direction of fire

Draw max engagement lines

2

4

7

8

3 Determine range value for each

circle by dividing range to mostdistant terrain feature by numberof circles & label card

5 Draw and number TRPs, RPs andpossible EAs as ordered


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Show gun elev (mils), ammo,range (meters) to limits, TRPs& ref points, describe objects

List L&R limits, TRPs, ref pointsin numerical order

RANGE CARD PREPARATIONSTEP ACTION9 Fill in data section

Identify primary, alternate orsupplementary position

10

11 Fill in marginal info, nothigher than company & direction

of magnetic north arrow

Fill in wpn ref data (description,

grid, magnetic az, distance fromWRP to position) in remarks

Identify weapon/vehicle

Date & time range card complete


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DATA SECTIONDATEPOSITION IDENTIFICATION

EACH CIRCLE EQUALSMETERS

WEAPON

DIRECTION/DEFLECTION

ELEVATION RANGENO. AMMO DESCRIPTION

DA FORM 5517 R

REMARKS:

SQDPLTCO

.

May be used for all types of direct fire weaponsMAGNETIC

NORTH



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5-15 55

Make card and copy for each primary,alternate and supplementary position

SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION

ITEM ACTION

1 Draw your unit sector or EA

2 Draw main terrain features insector(s) and range to each

3 Draw subunit positons

4 Draw subunit primary and

secondary sectors of fire5 Draw weapon positions with

primary sectors of fire for each

6 Draw MEL for each weapon/

ammo7 Draw machine gun/cannon final

protective lines or principaldirection of fire

8 Draw location of CP/OP

9 Draw TRPs and RPs in sector


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SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATIONITEM ACTION10 Draw mines/obstacles

12 Draw and label dead space

13 Draw patrol routes

14 Draw locations, sector of fire of

other weapons in your sector

11 Draw indirect fire targetlocations/final protective fire

locations

15 Draw location of NODs for usein limited visibility plan

Place your unit ID, DTG

prepared, and magnetic northarrow on sketch (pencil)

Notes:

16


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5-17 55

SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION


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OCCUPATION OF ABATTLE POSITION (BP)STEP ACTION

Rpt situation to Co/Tm Cdr

Wire commoPositions/routes of withdrawal

OPs/patrolsCoord w/flank/adjacent unitsObservation & fields of fire

6 Designate alt & suppl psns,sectors of fire/EA/TRP

5 Designate primary sectors offire/EA/TRP

4 Designate general location ofprimary posns; move platoon

3 Recon primary, alternate &supplementary positions

2 Keep rest of plt in hide psn(s)

7

8

Improve psn; plan rts to next BP9

1 Move to turret-down psn on BP


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FIGHTING FROM A VEHICLEBATTLE POSITION (BP)STEP ACTION

1 Determine targets to engage

2 Determine methods of targetengagement

4 Issue platoon fire commands

3 Send contact and spot report

5 Call for indirect fire as needed

6 Send spot reports

7 Move to subsequent BP

9 Organize to fight from BPs

8 Keep Co/Tm Cdr informed ofsituation and location


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FIRE DISTRIBUTIONAND CONTROLITEM PRINCIPLE

Destroy most dangerous targets first,considering range, terrain and

weapon capability

Use each weapon in its best role

Avoid target overkill

Engage critical targets first;engage laterally and in depth

Concentrate on long range targets ifpossible, to gain standoff advantage

Take best shots; expose only

systems actually needed

Control firing; conserve ammo ifpossible

Engage different threatssimultaneously

Avoid fratricide

1

2

4

5

6

3

7

9

8


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ACTION

Prepare individual/equipment

STEP

Consider position from enemyviewpoint

Use natural concealment/blend

Reduce shine and movement

Observe from prone position

Don't skyline when moving

Inspect the following areas

Individuals/Fighting positions

Vehicles and routes in and out

Noise/light discipline plan

Camouflage netsBreak up vehicle silhouettes -

1

2

4

Reduce vehicle noise6

5 Reduce glare and signatures

use nets

3

CAMOUFLAGE


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STEP

Conduct patrols

Troops ready

Conduct stand-to (general)

Radios on/tested

Weapons loaded/ready

Vehicles topped off/loaded/ready

Basic load of missiles/ammo

Conduct stand-to (evening)

Emplace vision block covers/turn internal lights off

Ready driver's night visionviewer

Test panel control lights/thermal sights

1

3

2

Prepare NVGs/NODs

ACTIONPHYSICAL SECURITY


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ACTIONSTEP

Silent watch

Post local security

Assign sectors for surveillance

Use manual, battery, or AVPpower when possible

Use radio listening silence

Lay guns on primary AAs/EAs

Assign sectors/observe sectors

Rotate troops using thermal

sight(s)

Adjust position(s) closer tovehicle(s) at night

5

4

Check all batteries

Upload wpns and ammo

Inspect vehicle position toinsure no light is visible afterdark

PHYSICAL SECURITY


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Employ long range STANOequip (GSR, sensors, NOD)

Coordinate any movementoutside battle psn boundarieswith higher and adjacent units

Redeploy some units & weapons

to concentrate along dismount-ed avenues of approach

Employ nuisance obstaclesand early warning devices

along likely night approaches

Employ scouts, OP, patrols,ambushes, and armor killer

teams forward on secondaryAA and between positions

2

3

4

5

DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY

ACTIONITEM

1


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5-25 55

ITEM ACTION

Rehearse movement ofweapons, units, and massingof fires on enemy approaches

Plan illumination on or behindengagement areas tosilhouette enemy

7

9

Plan required movement ofweapons, units, and massing

of fires on enemy approaches

6

Reposition weapons to takeadvantage of differencesbetween enemy and friendlySTANO devices

8



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ACTION

Move TRPs and/or EAs closer

to defensive positions or moveweapons closer to them-

use METT-T

Commence adjustments todefensive organization before

dark

Complete return to daylightpositions before dawn

Move closer to avenue(s) of

approach you guard duringbad weather

Be aware that sensors andradar may still penetrate bad

weather

10

11

12

13

14

ITEM



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FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY

1 Centralized control anddecentralized execution

ITEM ACTION

Maintain enemy contact

Coordinate flank security

2 Maximize OCOKA

Observation and fields of fire

3 Force enemy maneuver/deploy

Trade space for time

Use snipers, ambushes toslow enemy

Cover and concealment

Key terrain

Avenues of approach

Obstacles


76/22966-26

FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY

9 Each unit sets up own security

Displace to next position

7 Missions: delay in sector or

forward of a line or position forspecified time

8 Assign sectors for eachcommitted unit/avenue ofapproach

Avoid decisive engagement

6 Keep free to maneuver

Observe and adjust fires

Keep enemy in sight

4 Use obstacles

Natural and reinforcing

Cover by observation/fire5 Maintain enemy contact

ITEM ACTION


77/229

7-1 77

DISENGAGEMENT PLANNING1. Scheme of maneuver ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Time of disengagement _________________________________________________3. Priority of disengagement _______________________________________________4. Location of new positions ___________

____________________________________5. Size and composition of advanceparties _________________________________________________________________6. Size and composition of overwatch

forces __________________________________________________________________7. Location of overwatch forces ____________________________________________8. Combat service support ____________

____________________________________


78/229


79/229

7-3 77

PASSAGE OF LINESCOORDINATION(MECH)

1. Disposition of the stationary force2. Contact points3. Select routes4. Size of passage lanes5. Attack position (forward move)6. Assembly area (rearward move)7. Initial location8. Time of transfer of responsibility

9. Traffic control/guides10. Communications/call signs/

frequencies11. Supporting fires12. Recognition signals13. CS/CSS14. Execution

(LIGHT)1. Ask for changes to previous coordination2. Known or suspected enemy3. Fire & barrier plan

4. Actions on contact5. What type support provided


80/22977-47

WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION

1 Withdrawal principles

2 Disengagement techniquebased on enemy status,terrain, available covering

fires

Simultaneous when overwatchis present; by teams; thinningthe lines

Initiate break contact drillusing fire, maneuver,overwatch, obscuration

Co Cdr controls sequence ofplt withdrawals/PL controlssquads


81/229

7-5 77

WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION

3 Maintain base of fire

Use Infantry in close terrain/limited visibility/against

dismounted enemy

Move AT weapons/tanks backfirst against enemy mountedattack

4 Plan for/specify

Scheme for maneuver

Time of withdrawal

Location of new positions

Size/make-up of advanceparty/overwatch forces

Routes/checkpoints

Battle/overwatch positions


82/229


83/229

7-7 77

ITEM ACTION

WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE

1 Withdrawal principles

Speed/secrecy/deceptionAt night/in reduced visibility

As part of a larger force toperform another mission

2 For plt as company securityforce

Cover entire company area

Reposition sqds/wpns to cover

withdrawalPlace 1 sqd's key weapons ineach plt psn to cover mostdangerous AA

Co XO or PL is security forceleader


84/229


85/229

7-9 77

WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION

Gets withdrawal order by landline or radio codeword

Uses company plan to withdraw

Reassembles to move to rear

If under attack, conducts fireand maneuver to rear until they

break contact5 Quartering party

Send ahead before withdrawal

PSG and guide for each squad

Recons and selects psn/sectors/routes/OP for plt

Meets and guides plt into psn

PSG meets/briefs PL on

position/situation


86/22977-107

WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION

6 Company OPORD contains

Time withdrawal will start

Location of plt/co assemblyarea & routes between

Plt mission(s) upon arrival

Next co/plt mission

7 Platoon Leader plans

Location of sqd/plt assembly

areas and routes between

Size/org/Cdr of scty force

Size/org/Cdr of scty force

Next plt/sqd mission(s)

Sqd missions on arrival

When his withdrawal starts


87/229

7-11 77

1 Incoming leader recons area

2 Incoming and outgoing leaderscoordinate

3 Exchange liaison personnel

4 Coordinate positions ofweapons and vehicles

5 Exchange range cards and fire

plans

6 Exchange relief or organic firesupport elements

7 Coordinate obstacles locations

8 Transfer responsibility forminefields

9 Coordinate routes into and outof positions

10 Coordinate vehicle guides

RELIEF IN PLACEITEM ACTION


88/22977-127

RELIEF IN PLACE

11 Transfer excess ammo, wirelines, POL, and other materialto incoming unit

12 Coordinate commo for one netduring relief

13 Coordinate enemy situation andintelligence

14 Coordinate sequence of relief

ITEM ACTION

15 Coordinate time of change ofresponsibility for the area

Notes:


89/229

8-1 88

PATROL PLANNING STEPSSTEP ACTIONIdentify actions on objectivethen plan backward

Analyze mission in accordance

with factors of METT-T

Task organize

Organize patrol

Select personnel/wpns/equip

Coordinate

Make recon

Execute mission

Supervise/inspect/rehearse

12

9

8

2

1

3

4

5


Issue order10

7

11

Complete detailed plans


90/22988-28

PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEM

1 Between leader & BN staffor CO CDR

Fire support on obj & alongplanned primary/alt routes

Rehearsal areas & times

Special equipment

Departure/reentry of

friendly lines

Use/location of LZs

Attachment of soldierswith special skills/equip

Changes in friendly situation

Light/weather data

Best use of terrainfor routes, RPs, PBs

Changes/updates to enemy

situation


91/229

8-3 88

PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEMTransportation support

Signal plan

PL coordinate with leadersof other patrols

3

2 Coord with unit thru whichplt/sqd will conduct forward& rearward passage of lines

Notes:


92/22988-48

DESCRIPTIONITEM COMPLETE THE PLAN

Essential & supporting taskson objective, RPs, dangerareas, security/surveillance

locations, along routes/passagelanes

Key travel & execution timesfor movement, leader recon,

estab of security, completionof tasks on obj, movement toORP, return through friendlylines

Primary & alternate routes

Signals, including rehearsalof special signals

1

2

4

3


93/229

8-5 88

DESCRIPTIONITEM COMPLETE THE PLAN

5

7

Challenge & password forwardof friendly lines (SOI notforward of FEBA)

Actions on enemy contact,including WIA/KIA, EPWs

Contingency plans

Where leader is goingWho else is going alongAmount of time leader isplanning to be goneActions to be taken if

leader does not returnActions on chance contactwhile leader is gone

6


94/22988-68

DEPARTURE FROMFRIENDLY LINESITEM DESCRIPTION

Coordinate with CDR of forward

unit/leaders of other patrolsSOI, plans, password, procedures,rally points, enemy information

PL provide unit ID, patrol size,departure & return times, AOFwd unit provide info on terrain,en posns/activity, ambush sites,friendly posns, OPs, obstacles& fire plan, support available

PlanningMove to initial rally pointComplete final coordinationMove to/thru passage point/singlefile

Establish security

2

1

3


95/229

8-7 88

RALLY POINTSDESCRIPTIONITEM

SelectionEasy to find

Offer cover & concealmentAway from natural lines of driftDefendable for short periods

TypesInitial - inside friendly linesEn route - every 100-400 metersbased on terrain, vegetation,visibilityObjective rally point (ORP) out ofsight, sound, small arms rangeReentry rally point outside friendlyFPFNear & far side rally points -danger areas

2

1


96/22988-88

PATROL REPORT (DEBRIEFED)A. Patrol size and composition _____________________________________________B. Mission (type, location, purpose ofpatrol) _____________________________

____________________________________C. Time of Departure and return___________________________________________

D. Routes out and back (checkpoints,grid, overlays) _______________________

E. Decription of terrain and enemyposition ____________________________F. Results of enemy encounters ___________________________________________G. Misc information/map corrections____

____________________________________H. Condition of personnel _________________________________________________I. Conclusions/recommendations___________________________________________


97/229

8-9 88

STEP ACTIONSELECTION OF A PATROL BASE

1 Pick tentative PB site from mapor aerial recon

3 Select site considering lack oftactical value to enemy, terrain,

trafficability, water4 Plan for OPs/commo with OPs

6 Provide security/alert plan,camouflage, noise/light/litterdiscipline

2 Plan for alternate site; recon and

observe until occupied or notneeded

5 Plan for defense of PB,withdrawal routes, rally andrendezvous points

7 Avoid enemy positions, built up

areas, ridges, roads/trails, slopes


98/22988-108

OCCUPATION OF A PATROL BASESTEP ACTION

Element ldrs recon sectors andreturn to CP

Ldr sends 2 to bring patrol fwd

5 R&S team recon fwd, move

clockwise

4 Ldr check perimeter by meetingelement leaders in turn

3 Occupation single file/camouflaged

2 Recon

1 Approach - halt patrolConduct leader recon of site

Patrol ldr designates entrypoint/CP at center of base

7 Ldr designates routes andRPs outside

8 Each element sets commo, OPs

6 R&S teams report enemy activity,OPs, RPs, withdrawal routes


99/229

8-11 88

PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES

1

4

STEP ACTION

2 Alert plan & stand-to time day & nightCheck posns, OPs, rotate leaders

SecurityOne point of entry/exitNoise light litter discipline -

challenge allAiming stakes & claymores inEach sqd estab OP/dig hasty posnsSLs prep sector sketch/range cards

3 Withdrawal planSignals, order, rendezvous point

Maintenance plan for wpns, commo,

NVDs

Sanitation & personal hygiene plan

Mess plan & water resupply

Sterilize upon departure

6

7

5


100/22988-128

ITEM TASKS

1 Conduct with combat patrol;plan withdrawal

2 Attack /destroy posn/

installation

3 Destroy or capture enemytroops/equipment

4 Rescue friendly personnel

5 Gather Priority IntelligenceRequirements (PIR)

6 Do not become decisivelyengaged

7 Attack when least expected, inpoor visibility, from unexpecteddirection and terrain

8 Concentrate fire at critical points

9 Achieve violence by surprise,massed fire, aggressive attack

PRINCIPLES OF A RAID


101/229

8-13 88

STEP ACTION

1 Patrol move to ORP for recon

2 Security element duties

Move to positions, secure ORP

Shoot only if detected or onorder; cover withdrawal ofassault and support elements

from ORP

Inform patrol leader of

changes on objective

Block avenues of approachinto/prevent escape fromobjective area- seal off area

CONDUCT A RAID

Recon & secure ORP, conductleader recon of objective

Coordinate movements ofelements to objective


102/22988-148

3 Support element duties

STEP ACTION

Cover withdrawal of assaultelement

Withdraw on order/signal

4 Assault element duties

Move into psn prior to assaultelement

Deploy close to objective forimmediate assault (if detected)

Seize, secure objective whensupporting fire lifts or shifts

5 Reorganize patrol 1km or 1terrain feature from ORP: report,redistribute ammo, treat

casualties, disseminate info

Withdraw on order/signal

Protect demolition/search teams

CONDUCT A RAID


103/229

8-15 88

PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSHITEM PRINCIPLE1 Place effective fires into entire

kill zone - assign sectors

2 Use well-trained teams with

simple plan and prior recon3 Maintain security, especially

when returning to friendly psn

4 Soldier and weapon placement -priority to concealment andfields of fire

5 Clear signals to open/shift/ceasefire

6 Point ambush - enemy attacked

in single kill zone7 Area ambush - unit deploys to

2 or more related pointambushes in area

Security elements/teams onflank & rear if possible


104/22988-168

8 Vehicular ambush - stop lead& trail vehicles in kill zone;kill armor first

Man trap/natural boundary onfar side of kill zonePlan indirect fires to sealarea & cover withdrawalInitiate with most casualty

producing wpn - have backup

ITEM PRINCIPLE

Control soldiers/issue clearorders & signals

Pl reorganize into assaultelement, support element,security element

Use sector stakes

Move to position after EENT;plan illum

PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSH

9 Night ambush similar to day


105/229

8-17 88

STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH

Point or area? L-shaped or linear?1

5

Is kill zone isolated & deadspace covered w/mines, demo,indirect fire?

4

6

2 Are routes to & from concealed

& known to all?3 Do positions provide early

warning & effective firesonto kill zone?

Does everyone know signal(& backup) to warn of enemyapproach, initiate ambush,shift/lift, withdraw?

Does everyone know withdrawalroutes & sequence?


106/22988-188

STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH

Are routes covered by mines orindirect fire if ambush fails?

Does everyone know what todo if ambush detected?

What is the running password?

Does everyone know teams/tasks?

Notes:

9

10

7

8


107/229

8-19 88

CONDUCT AN AMBUSHSTEP ACTION

METT-T/overall situation

Ease of control/target

1 Ambush formation based on

2 Patrol halt at ORP

Establish security/confirmlocation

Recon objective to confirm plan

Return to ORP/leave R&S team

3 Security element secure ORP& flank of ambush site

4 Support/assault elements leave

ORP

When security in position

Occupy positions

Support overwatches assaultmove to ambush site


108/22988-208

CONDUCT AN AMBUSHSTEP ACTION

8 Withdraw to ORP foraccountability, disseminateinformation, return to friendlyposition

5 Patrol waits for target after allelements in position

6 Security team alerts patrol onenemy direction of movement,target size, special weapons/equipment

7 Patrol ldr alerts other elementsInitiates when most oftarget in kill zone

Lift/shift fire if assault into

zone required


109/229

8-21 88

PLAN A RECON MISSIONSTEP ACTION1 Make estimate of the situation

Current intelligence

Capabilities of unit

Task organize to supportmission

Inspection of recon force andequipment

Ways to minimize audio andelectronic equipment

Rehearsal

Use of STANO devices

Methods to remain undetected

2 Plan

Intelligence

Use of smallest unit possible toaccomplish mission

Deceptive measures


110/22988-228

PLAN A RECON MISSIONSTEP ACTION

Security of forceRecon of objective

Command and control

3 Subordinate missions

Notes:


111/229

8-23 88

RECON ZONEITEM METHOD

Use fan method

PL selects series of ORPs

through zone

1

Each element recons own route;

entire unit links up at end

Leader select ORP. Recon rtesthrough zone, and then a link uppoint

Use converging routes method2

After recon complete, move tonext ORP and repeat

Select recon rtes to and from ORP -overlapping rtes form fan shapedpattern around ORP. Reconelements recon adjacent rtes


112/229


113/229

8-25 88

RECON AREASeparate recon and security elementsif objective restricted in area,clearly defined, with specific

avenues of approach

ITEM METHOD

After obj recon, recon element& security return to ORP anddisseminate information OR

After security in place, reconelement departs ORP to

recon objective

Security teams move on covered& concealed rtes to posns

Designate positions for securityteam

Conduct leader recon

1


114/229


115/229

8-27 88

RECON AREAITEM METHODRecon objective by long rangesurveillance if possible; shortrange surveillance if required by

METT-T; avoid detection

4

Notes:

Techniques: observe/collect/record information about enemy/use binos

Well-rehearsed planCover movement w/battlefieldnoiseEstablish control measures,alternate routes, fire support


116/22999-19

NBC-1 REPORTLINE ITEM *CHEM/BIO

B Position of observer - (UTM coord)

C Direction of attack from observer

(Degrees) (Mils)

D Date-time group of detonation/*area attacked (DTC)

H Height of burst/*type of agent(Air) (Surface) (Unknown)

G Means of delivery (artillery,

mortar, spray, etc.)

F Location of attack/*area attacked(Actual) (Estimated)(UTM coord)


117/22999-29

NBC-4 REPORTLINE ITEM

H

Location of reading (UTM coord)(Air) (Liquid)

R

Q

Height of burst/*agent-type(Air) (Surface) (Unknown)

Dose rate - measure in open,1 meter above the ground

S DTG of initial reading

(cGy/hr)


118/22999-39

STEP ACTION

Increase MOPP level IAW intel

Set up chemical agent alarm

100-150 m out & upwind

Affix M8/M9 detector paper

Reservice/check every 24 hrs

Attach M42 to M43A1 w/wire(MAX 400M); place near PLTCP & commo

Prep overhead cover

Alert detection teams, M256 kit

Leaders check for readiness

1

3

4

5

6

2

NBC-PRIOR TO ATTACK

Cover equipment not in activeuse

7

Prevent tampering


119/22999-49

STEP ACTIONNBC-DURING ATTACK

Go to MOPP4

Initate detection measures:vapor M256 kit; liquid M8/M9paper; close inlet/outlet ports

of M8A1 alarm

1

2

3

4

5

STOP BREATHING, MASK &GIVE ALARMwarn subordinate & higher:

send "GAS, GAS, GAS, ANDGRID" message

leaders give order to mask& take protective action

Seek overhead cover for self,cover equipment, close up vehicle

DecontaminateM258A1/M291 on skin & equipM11/M13DAP to apply DS2


120/229


121/22999-69

STEP NBC-AFTER ATTACKACTION

CONTINUE THE MISSION

Decontaminate personnelw/M258A1/M291 kits;Apply DS-2 to vehicles

Maintain MOPP4 until orderedto lower level

Inform CP of extent ofcontamination-mark personnel,equipment & areas

Minimize effects on personnel/

equipment

1

2

3

4

5

Hasty decon: MOPP gearexchange, vehicle washdownw/M17LDS, M12


122/22999-79

STEPNBC-AFTER ATTACK

ACTION

Casualties - decon with PDK& wrapped as appropriate

6

Deliberate decon: detailedtroop (unit), equipment(decon plt)

Notes:


123/22999-89

STEP ACTION

1 Use all available detection

equipment (M8 & M9 paper,chemical alarms, etc.)before proceeding

Get Cdr's approval2

Employ M256 or M256A1Detector Kit

3

If no chemical agent detected,have 1-2 soldiers unmaskin shade for 5 minutes;

remask for 10 minutes

Check for symptoms; if none,others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms.

4

5

UNMASKING WITH CHEMICALAGENT DETECTOR KIT


124/22999-99

Get Cdr's approval

Have 1-3 soldiers hold breath& break seal of mask in shadefor 15 seconds, eyes open

Reseal, clear & check masks,wait 10 minutes

Check for symptoms; if none,break seal of mask, take 2-3breaths; repeat Step 4

If no symptoms, have soldiersunmask for 5 minutes; remaskfor 10 minutesCheck for symptoms; if none,

others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms

6

4

3

1

2

5

7

UNMASK WITHOUT CHEMICALAGENT DETECTOR KITSTEP ACTION

Use all available detectionequip (M8 & M9 paper, chemical

alarms, etc.) before proceeding


125/229

9

9-10

9

MOPP

LEVEL

0

1

2

3

4

OVER-GARMENTS

Carried

Worn open

or closed

Worn open

or closed

Worn open

or closed

Worn closed

OVERBOOTS

carried

carried

worn

worn

worn

MASK/HOOD

carried

carried

worn

worn

worn


126/22999-119

STEPDETAILED TROOP DECONACTION

Equipment decon

Mask decon

Re-issue point

Mask removal (vapor controlline)

Monitor (medical/contam eval)

Remove boot & glove

Mask/hood decon & boot shuffle

Remove over garmentjacket-high jumper trousers

5

1

8

7

6

4

3

2


127/22999-129

STEPMOPP GEAR EXCHANGEACTION

Gear drop & decon*

Remove overgarment**jacket black side outtrousers

Decon hood & roll**

Remove overboots & stepon jackets**

*solo **buddy team assist

Remove CP gloves**

Put on overgarment*

Put on overboots*

Put on CP gloves*

Roll down & secure hood**

Secure gear*

5

6

7

9

8

4

2

3

1


128/22999-139

MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEMSTEP ACTION

1 Locate/identify contaminatedarea

2 For radiological use markerlabeled ATOM. Print informationso word "ATOM" faces towardyou & in upright psn: print doserate (centigrays/hr ); date/time(state ZULU or local) of reading& detonation. If unknownprint "UNKNOWN"

3 For biological use markerlabeled BIO; for chemical usemarker labeled GAS. Use sameprocedures as above, statingtype of agent, if known

4 Position markers so information

faces away from contaminatedarea


129/22999-149

MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEMSTEP ACTION

5 Attach markers so they can beseen from all routes through

area; ensure each is visible fromprevious marker.

6 Place ATOM markers atlocations where dose rate

measures 1 centigray/hr (cGy/hr)or more

Notes:


130/22999-159

PREPARE FOR NBC ATTACK/PROTECT AGAINSTELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE

STEP ACTION

1 Ensure ALL items are covered ordug in when not in use

2 Park vehicles with air ventsaway from winds; close hatches,doors, etc.

3 Protect electronic equipmentagainst EMP by disconnectingantennas & spare equipment;shield with metal

4 Use highest freq possible; neveruse commercial power. Keepcable & wire short; bury 18"

5 Use remote sets only whenrequired; use common groundfor all equipment; insulateantenna guy lines


131/22999-169

SUPERVISERADIATION MONITORING

1 List grid coordinates of centralpoint in area

2 Tell IM-174/AN/VDR-2 operatorto take readings from centralpoint hourly; check thatoperator uses IM-174/AN/VDR-2correctly

5 Check hourly when readingdrops below 1 cGy/hr

4 Take continuous readings if

reading is 1 or more cGy/hr;fallout warning received ornuclear burst seen; if moving toanother location

3 Have operator report readings toyou immediately; use NBC-4report

STEP ACTION


132/22999-179

USING A DOSIMETERSTEP ACTION1 Hold viewing end of dosimeter

up to your eye, pointing towardlight but not directly into the

sun. An IM93 must be heldparallel to the ground.

2 Point where vertical hairlinecrosses scale is total amount

of radiation received in cGy

Notes:

3 Report the number of cGyto your Cdr


133/229


134/2291010-110

ITEM PRINCIPLE

PRINCIPLES OF FIRE SUPPORTPLANNING/COORDINATION

1 Plan early & continuously

2 Consider all available resources& means of fire support -mortars, artillery, attackhelicopters, CAS

7 Use lowest echelon possible

6 Before LD, LD to OBJ, on OBJ,beyond OBJ

4 Provide flexibility & safe fires

5 Insure continuous targeting -

likely, known & suspectedenemy locations

3 Select most effective asset

& avoid duplication-checkwith higher


135/2291010-210

STEP DESCRIPTIONCALL FOR FIRE

STEPS 1-3 ARE REQUIRED

Observer ID & warning order:Adjust fireFire for effect (FFE)Suppress (Tgt #)Immediate suppression (Grid)

Target location methodsGrid - 6 digit grid/directionPolar - direction, distanceShift from a known point - directionto tgt, add or drop, left or right fromkp (dir always OBS to TGT)

Target description (SNAP)Size/shapeNature/nomenclature

ActivityProtection

1

2

3


136/2291010-310

CALL FOR FIRESTEP DESCRIPTION

Method of engagementType of adjustmentsDanger close

Trajectory, AmmunitionDistribution

Method of fire & controlAt my command/Cannot observeTime on targetContinuous/coordinated illumCease loadingCheck firing/Continuous fireRepeat

Refinement & end of missionCorrect, Record, Report

battle damage assessment

5

6

4


137/2291010-410


138/2291010-510


139/2291010-610

NAME

105MM/M102105MM/M119

155MM/M198155MM/M109155MM/M109A6

Paladin227MM/MLRS

MLRS(ATACM)

11,50014,000

18,10018,10023,500

RAP30KM

100KM

ROF -MAX/SUST

HE SMOKE ILLUM

HE WP ILLUM RED P

HE WP ILLUM

HE WP ILLUM

TYPERANGENAME

PLANNINGRANGE

10 RPM/3 RPM6 RPM/3 RPM

4 RPM/1 RPM4 RPM/1 RPM6 RPM/1 RPM

12 RDS/M

2 missiles/18sec

HE WP ILLUM

70-3500

70-479073-5600770-6840200-7200

60mm/M224

81mm/M29A181mm/M252107mm/M30120mm/M120

MORTAR/ARTILLERYCAPABILITIES


140/2291010-710

AFV WEAPON CAPABILITIESEFFECTIVE RANGE (METERS)

7.62 .50 25 40 105/120 152 TOW/SYSTEM mm mm mm mm mm mm SHIL

HMMWVM1044 1100 1800 2200 3750

M901 ITV 1100 3750

M113 APC 1800 2200 or 3750

M2/ 3 BFV 1100 1750 AP 37503000 HE

LAV25 1100 3000

M1/M1A1 1100 1800 2800/

3990

M60A1/A3 1100 1800 1700

M551 SHER 1100 1800 2000 3000


141/2291010-810

TARGET ACQUISITIONITEM SIGNATURE1 Soldiers - trash, damaged

vegetation, noise

2 Tracked vehicles - fuel, smoke,noise

6 Mines and obstacles - strange

material, tripwires, loose/disturbed dirt, tactical barbedwire

4 Artillery - noise, smoke, flash

5 Aircraft - noise, glare, vaportrails, dust

3 Antitank weapons - noise, wires,vapor trails, flash


142/2291010-910

ATTACK HELICOPTERCAPABILITIES

NAME WEAPON # RANGEM

2

81

9300

37501500

AH-1(S) 170 410 2.75" FFAR

TOW20mm cannon

OH-58D KIOWA 2.75" FFAR 7-14 9300WARRIOR HELLFIRE 2-4 6000

12.7mm HMG 1 1800

AH-6 LITTLE BIRD 7.62 minigun 1 1100

2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300AH-1(G) COBRA 2.75" FFAR 4 9300

7.62 minigun 1 110040mm GL 1 2000

AH-64 140 690 2.75" FFAR 7-28HELLFIRE 1-16

30mm chaingun 1

AH-60L DIRECT ACTION 2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300 PENETRATOR HELLFIRE 1-16 60007.62 minigun 1 1100

930060002500

APACHE

COBRA


143/2291010-1010

SHELREP - MORTREP - BOMBREPARTILLERY COUNTERFIRE

Damage

Flash-to-Bang-Time

Number, type & caliber of rounds

Nature of fire

Number of guns

Coordinates of shelled areas

Time shelling ended

Time shelling started

AZ to flash or sound

Coordinates of observer

Call signA

D

I

J

K

B

C

EF

G

H


144/229

11-111 11

SUPPLIES AND LOGISTICALSERVICESITEM PRINCIPLE

1 Chain of command plans forsupply status & equipment for

fighting; 1SG directs Co logservices; PSG coordinates/supervises platoon maintenancewith 1SG

2 Plt logistics includes long &short term supply/transportation/maintenance

3 PSG coordinates/supervises bygetting requests for supplies/

equipment from SLs and PLs;reviewing & consolidating,giving list to 1SG or supply sgt

4 PSG must maintain status of

supplies & equipment in plt,monitors requests, reports to PL


145/229

1111-211

PRECOMBAT CHECKS - MECHITEM ACTION1 Complete prepare to fire

weapons checks

2 Complete preops PMCS; resolve

problems3 Load vehicles/rucks per loadplans

4 Clean/function check individual& crew served weapons

5 Top off vehicles

6 Stow basic load of Classes I & V

7 Fill canteens, water & oil cansas needed

8 Index battlesights

9 Check radio frequency andoperation if authorized.

10 Check speech securityequipment and operation ifauthorized

11 Check personnel; brief mission

12 Rehearse


146/229

11-311 11

ITEM ACTIONPRECOMBAT CHECKS - LIGHT

1 Leaders inspect equipment andcamouflage

2 Packing list checked

3 Compasses, maps present

4 Communications check

5 Rations drawn

6 Weapons test fired

Notes:


147/229

1111-411

CLASSES OF SUPPLYCLASS DESCRIPTION SYMBOL

I Rations

II Expendables

III POL

IV Barrier material

V Ammunition

VI Sundry

VII Major end items

VIII Medical

IX Repair parts

X Material to supportnonmilitary programs


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ELECTRO COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURES1 To determine if you are being

jammed, disconnect antenna.If noise stops, then starts again

when antenna is reconnected,suspect jamming. If noise doesnot stop, check radio malfunction.

Use directional antenna

Turn squelch off

NEVER acknowledge jamming

Move after transmission

Relocate to mask jammingsignal with terrain

Continue to transmit onhighest power setting

2 If you are being jammed:

3 MIJI Report


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12-212 12

RADIO TROUBLESHOOTINGSTEP ACTION1 Check frequency setting

2 Check battery: charge-new

3 Check antenna: upright-clear

4 Check ALL connections frombattery through to antenna:clean-dry-tighten

5 Check ALL power and positionswitches

6 Replace CVC or handset

7 Check distance/position forterrain mask; move if needed

8 Check antenna top section:repair if broken-replace if lost


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12-312 12

SPLICING FIELD WIREITEM ACTION1 Prepare conductors for splicing:

2 Splice: Tie long conductor of 1pair to short conductor of otherin square knot. Repeat forsecond pair

Cut 6" back from one side ofeach pair so lengths areuneven

Untwist both ends of wire,remove insulation


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12-412 12

SPLICING FIELD WIREITEM ACTION3 Secure splices:

Separate steel strands fromcopper, cutting steel even with

insulationCross left hand end of copperstrands over top of knot; wrapover bare portion of right handconductor

Continue for two wraps; cut offexcess copper

Repeat for right hand end

Start at center of splice & wraptape to cover 1 1/2" ofinsulation at one end

Work tape back over center of

knot to cover other sideRetape back to center

4 Tape splices:


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12-512 12

STEP ACTIONINSTALLING COMMO LINES

1 Test field wire on reel: attachtelephone sets to ends; ifcommo check clear, install wire.

2 Installing field wire: tie to fixedobject to start & end (allowslack); tie several places atground level

3 Attach wire tags at roadcrossings, telephones & teststations, both sides of buried oraerial crossings, locations with

several lines.

4 Test wire line after buried oraerial crossings, before & aftersplicing new reel, before

connecting line to switchboard.


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CROSSING OBJECTSWITH COMMO LINESSTEP ACTION

1 Culvert: Attach wire tag on eachside of road, pass wire thru

culvert, add protective tape atends of culvert.

4 Railroad crossing: Cut enoughwire to reach across tracks, pullunder tracks & secure with

stakes along crossties. Splice towire reel; bury exposed wire.

3 Buried crossings: Dig 6-12"deep trench extending beyondeach side of road, lay wire

loosely, tag, backfill.

2 Aerial crossings: Clear roads byat least 7m, using trees or polesto raise wire. Use lance poles ifneeded.


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MESSENGER BRIEFING1. Name/location of person to receive

message.

2. Route to follow.

3. Danger points to avoid.

4. Speed required.

5. Is answer required?

6. Action if message cannot be delivered.

7. Special instructions.

8. Content (if required).

9. Report destination at OP/lines.

10. Challenge/Password.


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13-1 1313

INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELDSTEP ACTION

1 Report intention/getauthorization to lay minefield

2 Recon for best sites, under unitobservation/fire, integrating withother defense plans

3 Report initiation of field; place

in irregular pattern on avenuesof approach

4 Record Field on DA 1355-1-R

5 Arm mines - from enemy side to

friendly side6 Report completion of field; warn

adjacent units

7 Retain DA 1355-1-R as long asunit/field stay in place; if field

abandoned forward to Cdr


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INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELDSTEP ACTION

8 Removal: if DA 1355-1-R notavailable, treat as enemy field

and use breaching techniques

9 Remove mines in order usingazimuths and distances fromDA 1355-1-R

Notes:


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DA FORM 1355-1-R


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13-5 1313

BREACHING ANDCLEARING MINEFIELDSSTEP ACTION

1 Suppress enemy coveringobstacles

2 Obscure area with smoke

3 Secure near side

4 Reduce obstacle-blow or probe

lane through

7 Mark cleared lane

8 Move unit through obstacle

5 Secure the far side

(time permitting)

6 Blow marked mines in place


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13-613 13

STEP ACTIONNONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM

3 Cut fuse to proper length & passend thru priming adapter

2 Determine amount of explosiveneeded

1 Determine length of fuse needed

Cut & discard 6" length; cut off3' length to determine burn rate

Light fuse end and list time ittakes to burn

Compute burn rate per foot(time/burn rate)

4 Attach M60 fuse igniter:unscrew fuse holder cap, pressshipping plug into igniter, rotate& remove plug, insert fuse infuse hole, tighten cap


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NONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEMSTEP ACTION

Notes:

Attach blasting cap to fuse5

6 Pull pin to detonate charge

Inspect open end, removedebris by tapping or shaking

gentlyHold fuse vertically withsquare end up

Slip cap down over fuse so cap

& fuse are in contactTurn cap out & away from body& crimp cap at point 1/8-1/4"from open end


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13-813 13

NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCKNote: prime by wrapping demolitionblocks with detonating cord, by insertingknot of detonating cord into plastic

explosive, by lacing cord thru dynamite,40-pound cratering charges or shapedcharges

STEP ACTION

1 Prime with threaded cap well &priming adapter:

Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap lead wire tofiring wire & pass thru adapterslot, pull cap into place, then

finish as above

Non-electric inspect cap well,insert cap with fuse into capwell, screw in adapter


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13-9 1313

NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCKSTEP ACTION

2 Prime with threaded cap wellwithout priming adapter: Non-

electric inspect cap well, wrap &tie string around block, leavingexcess, insert blasting cap withfuse into cap well - use loosestring to keep cap from

separating from block.Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap wire to firingwire, pass lead wires thruadapter slot & insert electric cap

into cap well, tie lead wiresaround block, allowing slack.

3 Prime without threaded cap wellor priming adapter: Non-

electric & electric make hole withM2 crimpers, then follow step 2.


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13-1013 13

CLEAR NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICMISFIRES

3 UNTAMPED - Without moving ordisturbing misfired charge,detonate 1-pound charge at sideTAMPED - Dig within 1 foot of mis-

fired charge; detonate a 2-poundcharge on top of misfired charge

2 ELECTRIC - If dual primed with non-

electric system, wait 30 minutes.Check firing wire connections,

make 2-3 more attempts to fire;disconnect firing wire from blastingmachine & shunt wires; check

entire system for breaks/shorts

1 NON-ELECTRIC - Wait 30 minutes

after misfire before moving tocharge

STEP ACTION

Note: If possible, misfire should becleared by soldier who placed the charge


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2 Test electric blasting cap; twist

free wire ends together

3 Move to firing point & test entire

4 Test blasting machine/depress

ELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEMSTEP ACTION

set or galvanometer; lay outfrom charges to firing position

1 Check firing wire with M51 test

circuit

handle

2 blasting machine posts &

detonate charge

5 On order, connect lead wires to

Notes:


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ITEM DESCRIPTION

3

2

1

5

6

Rigidly enforce the Rules ofEngagement devised and

disseminated by higherLeaders will take stepsnecessary & appropriate forunit's self-defense

Use minimum force necessaryto control the situation andaccomplish the mission

4 Individuals apply commonsense

Minimize risk to innocentcivilians without endangeringthe mission

Train to specific ROE

using vignettes and dilemmas

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT(ROE)


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1414-214

AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

Where are refugees from?Size & area of population

What is food & water status?

1

2

8 What is the security situation?

What UN relief agencies arein operation?

7

What organization/leadershipdo most of the people support?

What civil/military organizationsexist; who are the leaders?

What is medical status?3

4

6

What civilian organizationsexist; who are the leaders?

DESCRIPTIONITEM

5


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14-314 14

AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

What is the size and compositionof the transient population?

What food is available and whatdoes it cost?

Which groups are most in need?

What commercial or businessactivities are there?

What skilled labor and servicesare available?

9

How many families are involved?

10

11 What civil projects would leaderslike to see accomplished?

12

13

14

15

ITEM DESCRIPTION


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1414-414

CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCKPIR CHECKLIST

1

2

TO BE REPORTEDITEM

Number & type of vehiclesstopped; markings, license

number, signs

Number of passengers pervehicle; ages, genders

Type and quality of cargo

Point of origin & destination

Stated reason for passengertravel

Any weapons found

Any passenger reportsof sightings of weapons,technical equipment or

bandits

3

4

5

6

7


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TO BE REPORTEDITEM

Condition of passengers(general health, dress, attitude)

8

Anything unusual observed/reported by passengers

9

Notes:

CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCKPIR CHECKLIST


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1. Loading procedures ____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Bump plan (for individuals/loads) _________________________________________________________________________3. Use of safety belts __________________________________________________

4. Preflight safety inspection of troops ____________________________________5. In-flight procedures _________________________________________________6. Downed aircraft procedures _______

______________________________________________________________________7. Offloading procedures _______________________________________________

8. Movement from the LZ/AZ____________________________________________

AIRCRAFT TROOPCOMMANDER BRIEFING


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SAFETY BRIEFING CHECKLISTACTIONITEM

Never approach rotary wing air

craft from rear or front; alwaysfrom sides

Keep sleeves rolled down

Carry weapons without bayonet,safety on, bolt closed, chamberempty, muzzle DOWN

Bend or tie down radio antennasFasten seatbelts & leave buckleduntil crew chief signals exit

Maintain written manifest (unit,rank, full name, SSN) separate

from aircraft

2

3

4

5

6

8

Approach/depart in a crouch ondown slope side to ensureclearance

7

Wear ID tags, earplugs, helmets,when in/near aircraft

1


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REVERSE PLANNING SEQUENCEITEM

Landing plan

Air movement plan

Loading plan

Staging plan

Notes:

3

4

5

2

Ground tactical plan1

ACTION


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GROUND TACTICAL PLANCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONITEM

Missions of all force elementsand methods of employment

Zones of attack, sectors, orareas of operations with graphiccontrol measures

Combat service support toinclude resupply, evacuation,and plans to sustain the force

Fire support to include graphic

control measures

Location and size of reserves

Task organization to include

command relationships

1

2

3

4

5

6


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LANDING PLANCONSIDERATIONITEM

Supports ground tactical plan1

Availability, location & size of LZ2

Force is vulnerable duringlanding

3

4 Elements must land with tacticalintegrity

5 Inform all troops if landingdirection changes

7

Plan supporting fires in andaround each LZ for next lifts andon objective

Provide for resupply & medicalevacuation by air

CONSIDERATION

Force must land prepared tofight in any direction

6

Offer flexibility for options in

scheme of maneuver

8

9


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ITEM

Weather/su

army research institute - combat leaders' guide

Documents