arrowhead vine and golden pothos management...epipremnum pinnatum (l.) engl. cv aureum •originally...
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Arrowhead vine and golden pothos management
Stephen F. Enloe
Invasive Plant Extension Specialist
Golden pothos Arrowhead vine
Araceae (Arum Family, AKA Aroids)
• ~114 genera, ~3750 known species
• Most famous for the titan arum • Amorphophallus titanium
• Florida has it’s share of invaders from this family
By Sailing moose - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=70296828
Araceae features
• Monocots with a spadix
• Strongly rhizomatous or with tubers
• Many possess raphides
• Many are thermogenic
• Many stink
• Insect pollinated
What are raphides?
• Calcium oxalate crystals
• Cause painful stinging and burning to the mouth and throat
• Sap may cause eye injury
• Well known in history from Dieffenbachia aka “dumb cane”
• Present in both Syngonium and Epipremnum
Golden Pothos; devil’s ivy, Centipede tongavineEpipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Cv Aureum
• Originally endemic to Mo’orea from the Society Islands
• Cultivated as an ornamental worldwide
• Cultivated for ornamental purposes by the 1940’s
• Introduced by USDA in 1974
6000 km
Society Islands
Evergreen vine to ~20 m (~66 ft) tall, stems to 4 cm (2 in) diameter, numerous aerial roots which adhere to surfaces
Epipremnum pinnatumdescription
Leaves alternate and heart-shaped, entire (juvenile plants), generally under 20 cm (8 in) long
Leaves irregularly pinnatifid on mature plants, up to 100 cm (39 in) long and 45 cm (18 in) broad;
The flowers in a spathe up to 23 cm (9 in) long Flowering is extremely RARE
Philodendron or Pothos?
https://www.stamenandstemblog.com/blog/pothos-vs-philodendron
Pothos
https://www.stamenandstemblog.com/blog/pothos-vs-philodendron
Philodendron
Arrowhead vine; American evergreenSyngonium podophyllum Schott• Native to Latin America
from Mexico to Bolivia
• Cultivated and exported from many tropical countries
• First herbarium specimen documented in Brevard county in 1966
Alternate, three-lobed, arrow-shaped leaves
Syngonium podophyllum characteristics
Mature leaves are compound, dark green, and segmented into three leaflets, developing with age to 5–9 leaflets. The central leaflet is the longest.
• Very thick fleshy stems• Leaves and stems
contain a milky sap
Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org
4-11 spikes (spadixes) from the leaf axils, each w/ 6–9 green tubular flowers, enclosed in a spathe (RARE)
Fruits red to reddish-orange with many black or brown seeds
Management options
• Hand removal• Wear gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection
• Stem fragmentation and disposal are issues due to ease of propagation
• Cutting climbing stems in a poodle cut manner may not be enough• Available moisture may facilitate survival and rerooting
• Biological controls not currently available
• Prescribed fire will not be an option in many infestations
Chemical Control
• Cut stem (contractor efforts)• Triclopyr ester in oil (10-20%), treat both cut ends
• Triclopyr amine (100%) in a jar, leave cut ends in herbicide for 1-5 minutes
• Basal bark• Triclopyr ester in oil (10%)
• Foliar• Triclopyr ester (3%)
Recent contractor efforts:
• Glyphosate (3%) + Carfentrazone (0.25%)
• Escort
Ryan Brown, SFWMD
Glyphosate (3%) + Carfentrazone (0.25%) (0DAT)
Ryan Brown, SFWMD
Ryan Brown, SFWMD
Herbicides in need of testing
• ALS + PPO combos
• Glyphosate + PPO combos
• Metsulfuron
• Florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Questions?