ars.els-cdn.com · web view1st week, the animals exercised in the water, no overload, over 10–50...

Supplementary table 1 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in skeletal muscle atrophy.

Disease Training WeeksDays / Week

Intensity[Time/Day, Speed, Slope]

Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Skeletal muscle atrophy (5)

Treadmill exercise

a single bout

— 25 min, 20 m/min, at a 20° incline

Wistar male rats (9–10 weeks old), 2 weeks hindlimb unloading-induced atrophy

Positive 1

5 5 Moderate intensity: 15 m/min for 60 mins; high intensity: 30 m/min for 30 mins

8-week-old male Wistar rats; 5 weeks after triamcinolone injection, the soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle were removed and stained for adenosine trihosphatase.

Positive (moderate intensity);

negative (high intensity)

2

Resistance training

2 7 Climbing 1 m at an 80° incline, weights in a plastic bag were attached with Velcro to the base of the tail during exercise. Weights were calculated as percent body mass of each rat and gradually increased by 10% every few days as tolerated with a maximum weight of 50% body mass.

Adult male Sprauge-Dawley rats, the burned animals were resuscitated with 20 ml of intraperitoneal Lactated Ringer's; the hindlimb unloading animals were placed in a tail harness and attached to a hindlimb unloading system

Positive 3

8 5 At 80% of maximal voluntary carrying capacity, 9 or 10 climbs per session

Male rats (200–250 g), 10 days DEX induced muscle atrophy

Positive 4

Swimming and resistance training

3/7 days

— Swimming: 20 min/day, intensity (load) with 2.3% of BW (anaerobic threshold); Resistance training: comprised 3 sets of 10 jumps (1 min of rest) using 60% of the 1 repetition maximum test

Old male Wistar rats Positive 5

Supplementary table 2 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in muscle injury



Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)References

Muscle injury (2)

Treadmill exercise

2/6 5 With a progressive increase in speed (from 10 m/min to 30 m/min), time (from 1 to 2 h), and slope (from 5% to 8%)

Female Wistar rats initially weighing 180–200 g, degeneration of the left soleus muscle was induced by notexin injection. Positive 6

Resistance training

10 3

Week 1: ST protocol began with an overload corresponding to 60% of the maximal voluntary carrying capacity, increased to 70% in the Week 2 and to 80% in the Week 3. The 80% of maximal voluntary carrying capacity was maintained until the end of the protocol.

4 months old male Wistar rats, the animals were deeply anesthetized, and the skin around the tibialis anterior muscle area was shaved and cleaned with Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodide, a transverse incision (1 cm) of the skin over in the middle of the TA muscle was created using a surgical blade. The fascia was carefully removed, and the center of the TA muscles was surgically exposed. A hexagonal iron bar (4.5 mm), previously cooled for 10 s in liquid nitrogen, was kept for 10 s on the center of the TA muscles.

Positive 7

Supplementary table 3 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in tendon injury

Disease TrainingWeek

s

Days /

Week


Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Tendon injury (2)

Treadmill exercise 5 3

60 min/day, 17 m/min, 15° inclination

2-month-old Male Sprague-Dawley rats, the skin of the left patellar tendon was incised laterally. The patellar tendon was exposed after dissection of the surrounding fascia, 5 mm proximal to its insertion on the patella, the patellar tendon was partly cut (50%).

Positive 8

Resistance training

12 3 8–12 times/climb; progressive loads of 65%, 85%, 95%, and 100% of the maximum carrying capacity of each; Resistance training sessions consisted of 5–8 movements per climb over 6–8 s.

3-month-old (young, 308 ± 11 g) and 21-month-old (old, 523 ± 22 g); male Wistar rats.

Positive 9

Supplementary table 4Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in osteoporosis



Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Osteoporosis (3)

Treadmill exercise

12 4 60–100 min/day, 25 m/min, at a 10 % grade, approximately 70 % VO2max

5-month-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats Positive 10

Voluntary running wheel

10/14/18 months

7free to exercise

5 months male Sprague-Dawley rats

Positive 11

Jumping exercise

5 5 20 jumps/day, the initial jump height was 25 cm, which was gradually increased to 40 cm by the end of the 1st week

Eight-week-old female Wistar rats (190–210 g), rat tail suspension model, rats were kept in suspension for 3 weeks.

Positive 12

Supplementary table 5 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in osteoarthritis



Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Osteoarthritis(5)

Treadmill exercise

4 5 30 min/day; Moderate:12 m/min; Intense:21 m/min

12-week-old male Wistar rats, a destabilized medial meniscus was created in the right knee.

Positive 13

4 4 Week 1: 12 m/min of exercise (post-injection days 10–13); Week 2–4: 16 m/min

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 175–200 g, intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate induced tactile hypersensitivity and weight asymmetry.

Positive 14

4 5 60 min/day; osteoarthritis with low-intensity treadmill exercise: 15.2 m/min with 0° of inclination, osteoarthritis with moderate-intensity treadmill exercise: 19.3 m/min with 5° of inclination, osteoarthritis with high-intensity treadmill exercise: 26.8 m/min with 10° of inclination

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (230 ± 10 g), 8 weeks of age; knee osteoarthritis model

Positive 15

8 3 50 min/day, 16 m/min Adult male Wistar rats, 6 wks old; osteoarthritis induction was performed under intraperitoneal

Positive 16

anesthesia with 40 mg/kg of ketamine and 20 mg/kg of xylazine

Voluntary wheel running

1/3 7 Free to exercise Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats , 200–250 g, A single intra-articular injection of MIA (3.2 mg/25 μl) into the left hind knee was administered to induce a localized arthritis of the knee joint

Positive 17

Supplementary table 6 Exercise intervention characteristics of obesity

Disease Training WeeksDays /

Week

Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed, Slope]Rat model

Effect


Obesity

(21)

Treadmill exercise 2 5 10 min/day, 6 m/min 12-week-old male obese

Zucker ratsPositive 18

2 6 60 min/day,15 m/min One hundred and twenty Male

Wistar rats (125–150 g; 5 weeks

of age)

Positive 19

4 5 1–2 session, 30

min/session, 20 m/min

21-week-old male Fischer rat,

diet-induced obesityPositive

20

6 5 2 ×15 min/day, 25

m/min, 5% grade

200 g diet-induced obesity

female WistarPositive

21

8 6 15 m/min; 30 min/day Male Wistar rats (125–150 g) Positive 22

8 5 50 min/day, 10 m/min 15-month-old diet-induced

obesity Wistar malePositive 23

8 5 60 min/day, 32 m/min,

10% grade

6-week-old diet-induced obesity

male Sprauge-Dawley ratsPositive 24

8 5 40 min/day, 18 m/min 7-week-old male Sprauge-

Dawley ratsPositive 25

8 5 60 min/day, high-intensity

interval aerobic–

4-week-old male Zucker ratsPositive 26

anaerobic training

9 5 60 min/day, 15 m/min 7-week-old Wistar rats Positive 27

10 5 35 min/day: 8 m/min, 5

min; 11 m/min,5 min; 15

m/min, 20 min; 8 m/min,

10 min

43-week-old male Sprauge-

Dawley rats, 35-week diet-

induced obesityPositive 28

Voluntary wheel

running

14 7 Free to exercise 4-week-old Male JCR:LA-cp

(cp/cp)Positive 29

14 7 Free to exercise 4-week-old male Otsuka Long-

Evans Tokushima FattyPositive 30



24

days

7 Free to exercise 3-week-old male/female Otsuka

Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty-

hyperphagia-induced obesity,

offspring

Positive 32



Swimming 4 5 45 min/day, aerobic

exercise

130 g Male albino Wistar ratsPositive 34

8 5 60 min/day, with 5%

overload of the body 4-week-old Wistar rats ， high-

Positive 35

weight fat diet

10 3 30 min/day with an

overload of 5% of body

weight

monosodium glutamate

(MSG)-obese rats Positive 36

2 days 10 min

for 2 days

Free to exercise 4-week-old Wistar rats were fed

on an obesity-inducing diet for

3 months (diet-induced obesity)

Positive 37

Resistance Exercise 1 7 Free to exercise 16-week-old Lean (fa/-; n = 16)

and obese (fa/fa; n = 14) Zucker

rats

Positive 38

Supplementary table 7 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in diabetes


Week

Intensity


Effect


Diabetes

(49)

Treadmill

exercise

2 5 5 m/min for the next 5 min, and then 8

m/min for the last 20 min

female Sprague-Dawley rats

weighing 220 ± 10 g and adult

male Sprague-Dawley rats

weighing 300 ± 10 g diabetic

rats

Positive 39

4 5 1 m/min increments every 3 min up to

the rat reached exhaustion

female Wistar rats weighing

180–200 g

Positive 40

4 7 30 min/day, 10 m/min 24 healthy male Sprague-

Dawley rats

Positive 41

5 5 60 min/day, 23-25 m/min 150–300 g Wistar strain albino

male rats

Positive 42

5 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min 8-week(weighing 290 g) Male

Crl:ZUC-Leprfa Obese Zucker

rats

Positive 43

5 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min 3-month old male Wistar rats,

270–400 g

Positive 44

6 5 60 min/day, 10 m/min 32 male Sprague Dawley rats

weighing approximately 250–

Positive 45

280 g6 5 10 min, at 10 m/min, 2ND week, 20

min, third week, increased to 20 min

of running at 15 m/min. week 4, 5, and

6, trained for 30 min at 15, 18, and 18

m/min

46 male Wistar rats (aged 8–10

weeks)

Positive 46

6 5 60 min/day, 12 m/min Male Sprague-Dawley rats

(243 ± 7 g, 8 weeks)

Positive 47

7 5 40 min/day 11-week male Zucker Diabetic

Fatty (fa/fa) rats

Positive 48

8 5 60 min/day 12-week-old rats with

streptozocin-induced

diabetes，Wistar rats

Positive 49

8 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min Five-week-old male Zucker

diabetic fatty

Positive 50

8 6 60 min/day, 20 m/min 10–12 week 270–290 g Goto-

Kakizaki rats

Positive 51

8 4 0 m/min for 10 min in the 1st week; to

10 m/min for 20 min in the 2nd week;

14 to 15 m/min for 20 min in the 3rd

week; 14 to 15 m/min for 30 min in the

195–200 g Wistar albino rats Positive 52

fourth week; and 17 to 18 m/min for

30 min in the 5th week; 17 to 18

m/min for 40 min in the 6th week; 20

to 21 m/min for 40 min in the 7th

week; and 20 to 21 m/min for 50 min

in the 8th week8 5 90 min/day, 1.45 km/h 12-week old male outbred

Wistar rats

Positive 53

8 5 60 min/day, 40%-60% of the

maximum speed

32 female Wistar rats (10

weeks-old)

Positive 54

8 5 40 min/day, 20 m/min 8-week-old adult male Wistar

rats

Positive 55

8 5 21 m/min to 35 m/min. Male Wistar rats, weighing

between 230–280 g

Positive 56

10 5 60 min/day, 27 m/min, 6% grade 8-week-old male Sprague–

Dawley rats

Positive 57

10 5 60 min/day, 0.3 km/h Wistar rats Positive 58

10 5 27 m/min, 6% gradient 8-week-old male Sprague-

Dawley rats

Positive 59

12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min 20-week-old male Wistar-

Kyoto spontaneously type 2

diabetes (T2D) mellitus rats,

Positive 60

high-caloric diet and 30%

sucrose hastened (blood

glucose level: from 200 to 300

mg/dl)12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min, 15% incline 4-week Male LETO and

Otsuka Long-Evans

Tokushima Fattyrats

Positive 61

12 5 60 min/day, 15 to 20 m/min Zucker diabetic fatty (Zucker

Diabetic Fatty , fa/+) rats

Positive 62

10 5 50%–70% maximal running speed 48 male Wistar rats (251 ± 10

g)

Positive 63

10 5 60 min/day, 75%-85% VO2max 64 male Sprague–Dawley rats

(8 weeks old)

Negative 64

10 5 60 min/day, 40%–60 % maximal

running speed

Male Wistar rats weighing

approximately 250–300 g

Positive 65

12 5 60 min/day, 27 m/min on a 6% grade 8-week-old male Sprague-

Dawley rats

Positive 66

12 5 60 min/day, 60% of maximal velocity

obtained

Wistar rats Positive 67

12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min, 15% incline 20-week male Otsuka Long-

Evans Tokushima Fatty , type

2 diabetes with hyperglycemia

Positive 68

and hyperinsulinemia14 5 60 min/day 6-8 week, 200 g Wistar male

rats

Positive 69

Voluntar

y wheel

running

Swimmin

g

5 7 Free to exercise 24-week-old male Otsuka

Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty

Positive 70

6 7 Free to exercise 20 eight male wistar rats Positive 71

6 7 Free to exercise Wistar male rats (200–250 g) Positive 72

14 5 Free to exercise Male SpragueDawley

rats (8 weeks old)

Positive 73

18 18 Free to exercise Male RHA and male RLA rats Positive 74

20 Free to exercise 4-week-old male Otsuka Long-

Evans Tokushima Fatty

(OLETF; n = 21) rats

Positive 75



Positive 76

4/16/3

6

7 Free to exercise 4-week-old male Otsuka Long-


Positive 77

6 3 60 min/day 24 male homozygous Zucker

diabetic fatty (Zucker Diabetic

Fatty ) rats

Positive 78

6 2–5 150 min/week adult male Sprague-Dawley

rats, 300–350 g, mild type 2

diabetes (blood glucose

Positive 79

concentrations between 7 and

17 mmol/L),

nicotinamide/streptozocin-

induced7 5 60 min/day Male Wistar rats (175–200 g;

38 days old)

Positive 80

8 — 1st week, the animals exercised in the

water, no overload, over 10–50 min,

the duration increased by 10 min/day.

2nd week, the animals exercised with a

load of 1.0% of their body weight and

exercise duration was increased by 10

min/day until 90 min of continuous

swimming. From the 3rd week, the

load was increased weekly (0.5% of

body weight) up to 4.0% of body

weight in 8 weeks.

Wistar rats (age 30 days; mean

body weight of 84.19 g)

Positive 81

8 5 10 min in the 1st day, increasing 10

min daily until the end of 6 days 60

min

195.0 ± 15.7 g adult male

Wistar rats

Positive 82

8 5 1 h/day 75-days-old male Wistar rats Positive 83

8 7 The load was progressively increased 30 days old, 87.40 ± 13.03 g Positive 84

by 1% of the animal's BW from the

fourth week on, such that at the 8th

week, animals swam with a total load

of 5% of their BW.

Male Wistar rats

8 5 Week 1: 10–50 min/day, increase 10

min/day, no load; Week 2: 50–90

min/day, increase 10 min/day, load

with 1% of BW; Week 3–8: 90

min/day, load with 1–5% of BW

37-day-old Male Wistar rats,

streptozocin induced type 1

diabetes (ip. injection) (blood

glucose (BG) above 300

mg/dl)

Positive 85

8 5 1 h/day, 5 days/week, 8-week period Male Wistar rats (180–210 g,

45 days old)

Positive 86

8 5 After adaptation training, 38 rats were

randomly divided into 3 groups: less-

intensive group (LM group, rats

swimming for 30 min), moderate-

intensive group (MM group, rats

swimming for 60 min), high-intensive

group (HM group, rats swimming for

120 min)

56 male Sprague Dawley rats,

aged between 8–10 weeks.

Positive 87

8 7 In the 1st week, animals swam for 10–

50 min, with no load, while duration

was increased by 10 min/day. In the

Male Wistar rats weighing

90.0 ± 5.0 g, 30 days old,

Positive 88

2nd week, animals remained

exercising with no load and with the

duration incremented by 10 min/day

until a maximum of 90 min of

continuous swimming. From the 4th

week, animals began swimming with a

load until the end of the training

program (8 weeks).11 3 60 min/day 48 male 6-wk-old Zucker

Diabetic Fatty rats,

Positive 89

12 3 60 min/day obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty

rats

Positive 90

Supplementary table 8 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in prediabetes


s

Day/

week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negativ

e)

Reference

Pre-

diabetes

(18)

Treadmill

exercise

4 5 week 1: 60 min/day, 15 m/min on a 5%

gradient; week 2: 60 min/day, 16 m/min on

a 10% gradient; week 3: 60 min/day, 17

m/min on a 10% gradient; week 4: 60

min/day, 18 m/min on a 10% gradient

18-week-old male Otsuka

Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty

Positive 91

4 5 60 min/day, 32 m/min, 15% grade 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley

(Sprauge-Dawley) rats

Positive 92

4 6 Week 1: 30 min/day, 15 m/min; week 2: 60

min/day, 15 m/min; week 3: 60 min/day,

20 m/min; week 4: 90 min/day, 20 m/min

8-week-old male Sprague-

Dawley rats, diet-induced

obesity and streptozocin (ip.

injection)-induced type 2

diabetes (fasting blood

glucose concentration higher

than 11.1 mmol/l)

Positive 93

6 5 15 min/day, 11 m/min 3-week-old offspring from

Nutrient Restriction or normal

Sprauge-Dawley female

Positive/- 94

8 3 10-30 min/day, 10 cm/s-30% VCO2max 70-day pregnant Wistar

female and their offspring

Positive 95

8 5 60 min/day, 60% VCO2max, Endurance

training

7–8-week-old Healthy male

Wistar

Positive 96

10 5 week 1: 60 min/day, 17 m/min, 2% grade;

week 2: 60 min/day, 24 m/min, 2% grade;

week 3–10: 60 min/day, 27 m/min, 2%

grade

9-week-old Sprauge-Dawley

male, 5-day multiple low dose

streptozocin injection induced

type 1 diabetes with insulin

(blood glucose concentration

>18 mM)

Negative 97

10 5 60 min/day, 27 m/min, 6% grade 8-week-old Sprauge-Dawley

male, multiple streptozocin

injection induced type 1

diabetes with insulin

Positive 98

12 5 30 min (low exercise volume), 60 min (high

exercise volume)

38-week-old Male Wistar-

Kyoto rats

Positive 99

Voluntary

wheel

running

1 7 free to exercise 14-week-old Sprauge-Dawley

male, healthy

Positive 100

1 7 free to exercise 14-week-old Sprauge-Dawley

male, 9-week 35% sucrose

solution prediabetic

Positive 100

4 7 free to exercise 7-week-old Sprauge-Dawley Positive 101

male, CORT-high-fat diet

induced type 2 diabetes6 7 free to exercise 33-day-old Zucker Diabetic

Fatty female, bilateral

ovariectomy

Positive 102

9 7 free to exercise 13-week-old female CD/IGS

Sprauge-Dawley rats

Positive 103

12 5 Weeks 1-7: 4 m/min for 200 m/day

increased to 8.7 m/min for 1200 m/day;

weeks 8–12: 8.7 m/min for 1200 m/day

18-week-old Sprauge-Dawley

male, 12-week diet-induced

obesity

Negative 104

20 7 free to exercise 5-week-old Otsuka Long-


Positive 105

Swimmin

g

— — 1 or 2 h/day, 2 or 4 × 30 min/session, 5-min

rest between sessions

120–200 g Wistar male Positive 106

— — 4 × 30 min/session 250 g Male Wistar rats Positive 107

Supplementary table 9 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in metabolic syndrome


Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Metabolic

Syndrome(19)

Treadmill

exercise

1 1 120 min/day, 20 m/min 150–200 g, female / male

Sprauge-Dawley ratsPositive

108

1 2 60 min/day, 10–12.5 m/min,

acute exercise

12-week-old Zucker

Diabetic Fatty (fa/fa) maleNegative

109

5 5 20–60 min/day, 80% of MAV,

Endurance

4-month-old Male Wistar

normalPositive

110

6 5 40–90 min/day, 5–25 m/min, 5–

15% grade


Dawley rats,Positive

111

6 5 31.5 min/day, 20 m/min 35th generation of Koch

and Britton, low capacity

runner and high capacity

runner rats

Positive

112

8 5 20–60 min/day, 10–20 m/min,

aerobic exercise

6–7-week-old OZR (Obese

Zucker rats) male; LZR

male

Positive

113

8 5 30–120 min/day, 21–31 m/min,

intense EE

4-week-old Sprauge-

Dawley female, diet-

Positive 114

induced obesity8 5 interval aerobic training +

strength-endurance training

adult Zucker Diabetic Fatty

malePositive

115

9 5

days/week

run: moderate intensity (50%–

60% of maximum speed

achieved); walking: constant

speed of 0.3 km/h until the end

of the protocol (training of light

intensity)

20 male rats of Wistar

strain, aged 4 weeks MS

Rats

Positive 116

9 5 90 min/day, 30 m/min, 5% grade 5-week-old Wistar rats Positive 117

9 5

days/week

increased up to 45 min/day male Wistar rats in fructose

fedPositive 118

10 5 60 min/day, 55% VO2max 22-week-old Wistar male,

diet-induced obesityPositive

119

14 5

days/week

25–35 min/day, 35 cm/s32 obese Zucker rats Positive 120

14 5

days/week

25–35 min/day, 35 cm/smale Zucker rats Positive 121

Voluntary

wheel

running

3 7 free to exercise 24-week-old genetically

heterogeneous ratsPositive

122

8 7 free to exercise 4-week-old Sprauge-

Dawley female, 1-week N-

Positive 123

methyl-N-nitrosourea

injectingSwimming 4 5

days/week

60 min/day 32 male Sprague-Dawley

rats (200–220 g) with a 21-

day CUMS procedure

Positive 124

4 7 120 min/day 200 g, Male Wistar rats Positive 125

Swam/

strength

8 5

days/week

60 min/day 32 freshly weaned Wistar

rats (120 days old).Positive 126

Supplementary table 10 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease


week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative)

Referenc

e

non-

alcoholic

fatty liver

disease

(3)

Treadmill

exercise

8 5 45–60 min/day, aerobic interval

exercise

5-week-old Obese Zucker

rats male

Positive 127

12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min, 15% grade,

moderate intensity

8-week-old Otsuka Long-


male

Positive 128

Voluntary

wheel

running

4 7 24 h/day, free to exercise 8-week-old female Sprauge-

Dawley

Positive 129

Supplementary table 11 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in myocardial infarction



Rat modelEffect


Myocardial infarction (28)

Treadmill exercise

2 2 60 min/day, 15 m/min 6–8-week-oldmale Wistar rats, myocardial infarction was produced, a 9–0 Ethilon suture was placed under the left main coronary artery at a point 1–2 mm distal to the edge of the left atrium, and the artery was ligated.

Positive 130

2 5

MIT: 60 min/day, 15 m/min, 60% MAS; HIT: 2 time/day, 24-min/time, 30 min recovery. 1st step: 15 m/min, 6-min warm up (50% MAS) , 6 steps : 3 min with increased intensity to reach 30 m/min (corresponding to 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% MAS).

Adult male Wistar rats (2 moth old, 300–350 g), exposed to 21 days of IH (21%–25% fraction of inspired O2, 60-s cycle, 8 h/day)

Positive 131

4 7 Begaining: 8 m/min, 5 min/day. then:from 11 m/min for 5 min, finally 20 min/day, 22 m/min.

Male Wistar rats (9 weeks of age); to create the myocardial infarction model, rats were anesthetized and the ligation point was between the apex and the junction of the left

Positive 132

atrial appendage and pulmonary conus, 2–3 mm under the left atrial appendage.

4 5

days1–3: 10 m/min , gradient 0%, 10-15 min/day, days 4–5 : gradually increased to 20 m/min , 5 10% and 60 min/day , weeks3-4, maximal levels

Male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g; Anaesthetized rats were intubated with a 51 mm long and 1.7 mm diameter polyethylene tube and connected to a Harvard Rodent Respirator

Positive 133

6 5

45 min/day, 30 m/min, rats (225–250 g) , myocardial infarction by surgical occlusion of the left anterior descended coronary artery

Positive 134

6 560 min/day, 18 m/min and 5% inclination

12-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Positive 135

8 260 min/day,1.2 km/h with a slope of 4%

19-week-old male Wistar rats/diabetic rats

- 136

8 5

During the 2nd week, the speed and duration were gradually increased to 16 m/min and 50 min/day (including a 5-min warm-up at 10 m/min), approximately 55% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks old, myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

Positive 137

8 550 min/day, 16 m/min Seven-week-old male

Sprague-Dawley rats, Positive 138

myocardial infarction was created by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

8 5

13–24 m/min 3–4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley; for induction of post-myocardial infarction HF, left coronary artery ligation

Positive 139

8 5

15% grade for up to 6 x 60 min-week

Male rats (Sprague-Dawley, weight 250–300 g); for myocardial infarction Induction, rats anesthetized with ketamine 85 mg/kg and xylazine 15 mg/kg. Thoracotomy in the fourth intercostal space was obtained, the heart was suspended on the pericardial cradle, and the LAD artery was ligated for 45 minutes.

Positive 140

8 5

Week 1: from 10 min to 60 min. Week 2–8:60min/day; from 0.3 to 1.2 km/h

Female normotensive Wistar rats (8 weeks of age); ovariectomy was performed under general anesthesia with a mixture of ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) i.p. A bilateral

Positive 141

dorsolateral incision was made through skin, and the underlying muscle was dissected to locate the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

8 5

Week 1: 10 m/min (40%–50% VO2max), 30 min/day , a 5 incline.week2: it alternated between 7 min , 25 m/min (85% 90% VO2max) and 3 min at 15 m/min (50%–60% VO2max), 60min/day

Male Sprague–Dawley rats (8-weeks old), the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg·kg −1), the LAD was ligated approximately 2.0 mm from its origin using a 6.0 silk suture

Positive 142

8 5

70 min/day, 4 min running at 85–90% VO2max and 2 min of active recovery at 50%–60% of VO2max, rest time: 2 min, 25° inclination

230–290 g female Sprauge-Dawley rats, heart failure

Positive 143

8 5

Beginning: 10 m/min, 5 incline, 10 min/session. then: 16 m/min and 50 min / session (including a 5 min warm-up at 10 m/min)

7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats; myocardial infarction was made by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery

Positive 144

10 5 ET : 60 min/day, 3% body overload

Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) ;rats were anesthetized, intubated via tracheotomy, and placed under a rodent

Positive 145

respirator apparatus

10 5

Beginning: 10 m/min, 5 inclines for 10 min/session. gradually increased to 17 m/min and 50 min/session

6–8-week-old Wistar male rats (initial body mass of 191 ± 24 g); myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery

Positive 146

10 25 min/day, 10 m/min; 15% grade

young adult (4–6 months old) Charles River rats;

Positive 147

12 5

10-50 min/day, 10 m/min 8-week-old male Wistar rats, infarction induced by injection of 80 mg/kg/day isoproterenol hydrochloride.

Positive 148

28 3

30 min, 4 intervals for 4 min corresponding to 90% VO2

peak, with 3 min of active rest at 60% VO2 peak separating intervals, 25° inclination

7-week-old female Dahl salt-sensitive rat model

Positive 149

36 530 min/day, 20 m/min; slope of 10°

severe aortic valve regurgitation model

Positive 150

Resistance training

4 5 Week 1: the load from 0% to 75% body weight (BW), 20 climbs/session , 3 session/day, with 2 min rest between each session. Week 2: 75% BW, and then an additional 15% BW was added to rats until they failed to climb the ladder completely. 20

3- months-old sprague Dawley rats; myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of the heart.

Positive 151

climbs /session ,3 sessions/day with 2 min rest between each session.

8 5

Aerobic exercise training: from 0.3 to 1.5 km/h .Resistance exercise training: with 15–20 climbing /session, with a 1-min res ， 40%–60% of the normalizedmaximum load test

Adult male Wistar rats (250–300 g); rats were underwent surgical occlusion of the left coronary artery, which resulted in myocardial infarction

Positive 152

Swimming

7 6

90 min/day Male Sprague-Dawley rats, myocardial infarction was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery

Positive 153

7 6

90 min/day Male Sprague-Dawley, the pericardium was opened and the left coronary artery was distally ligated at 2 mm of its origin.

Positive 154

8 5

60 min/day Female Wistar rats ( weighing 170–190 g), myocardial infarction was induced by left coronary artery ligation.

Positive 155

8 51st session: 15 min, the next sessions: increased by 15 min

Female Wistar rats weighing 250–290 g; Rats had their

Positive 156

each, on the 4th day: reaching 60 min until the end of training.

left anterior descending coronary artery anesthetized (intramuscular xylazine, 10 mg/kg, and ketamine, 90 mg/kg), ventilated with Harvard 683 respirator (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, Massachusetts, USA), 2.5 ml, 75–78 strikes/min and permanently ligated with a 5.0 silk thread.

10 5

mild-intensity long-period training (60 min/day, with 3% body overload)

Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old), myocardial infarction was induced by the artery ligation.

Positive 157

Supplementary table 12 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in stroke

Disease

Training Weeks

Days /

Week


Rat modelEffect


Stroke (28)

Treadmill exercise

5/6 days

— 30 min/day; (0 m/min); mild (6 m/min); moderate (10 m/min); or heavy exercise (15–18 m/min) :

Adult (3-month old), male Sprague-Dawley rats, focal cerebral ischemia was achieved with intraluminal suture blockage of the middle cerebral artery for 90 minutes. Global cerebral ischemia was induced with 8-minute asphyxia cardiac arrest.

Positive 158

1 7 30 min/day, 1st day: 9 m/min; subsequent days:11 m/min

Male Wistar rats (180–220 g, after intraperitoneal injection ofsodium pentobarbital (45 mg/kg), a small hole was drilled 3.0 mm lateral to the midline and .5 mm anterior to the bregma, and 1.2 mL saline containing .24 U of bacterial collagenase

Positive 159

1/2/3 5 30 min/day;10–20 m/min; not inclined

Male Sprague Dawley rats (3–4 months old); rat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was performed according to the Longa method of MCAO.

Positive 160

12 days

7 30 min/day ; day1: 10 m/min ; day2: 15 m/min ; On the third and subsequent days:20 m/min;

adult Sprague-Dawley rats (275 –325 g); Initially, 3% isoflurane within 30% O2 and 70% N2O was used for induction.

Positive 161

0 ° Isoflurane (1.5%) was used for maintenance

2 5 30 min/day, 20 m/min 250-280 g, Male Sprague-Dawley (Sprauge-Dawley) rats, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model

Positive 162

2 — 30 min/day,10,15,20 m/min Adult 275–325 g, Male Sprauge-Dawley rats, MCAO

Positive 163

2 5 30 min/day,12 m/min Adult 250-350 g, Male Wister rats, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Reperfusion

Positive 164

2 7 30 min /day ; the first day, 4 m/min; the second day: 8 m/min, then 12 m/min for the remaining days

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighed 220–250 g); a middle cerebral artery occlusion was established with the modified Longa method.

Positive 165

2 7 Day1–2: gradually increased from 5 m/min to 12 m/min ; third day and persisted to 14th day,

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–270 g), rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate, the left middle cerebral artery was occluded by the intraluminal suture technique.

Positive 166

3 7 20 min/day; day1: 6 m/min; gradually increased to 15 m/min until maximum speed

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 11 wks of age; transient middle cerebral artery occlusion leading to focal cerebral infarction was achieved under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital.

Positive 167

3 5 30 min/day; 30 m/min. Sprague-Dawley rats (3-month-old), middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced using an intraluminal filament

Positive 168

model.3 5 30 min/day ； 30 m/min; 900

m/day

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (260–300 g); A 2 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced with an intraluminal filament model, which was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion.

Positive 169

3 5 30 min / day,30 m/min; Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old); stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Positive 170

3 5 30 min/ day,30 m/min; Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats; middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced with an intraluminal filament model

Positive 171

3 5 30 min /day, 30 m/min Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (260–300 g); stroke was induced by a 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal filament.

Positive 172

3 5 10 min/ day; 5–25 m/min Male Sprague-Dawley rats (291.3 ± 38.0 g), middle cerebral artery occlusion model.

Positive 173

3 6 30 min/day, 6–20 m/min Male Sprauge-Dawley rats, 200–220 g, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model

Positive 174

3 6 20 min/day,10 m/min, on a 0 incline

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8–10 weeks, stroke was induced by a 60-minleft MCAO using an intraluminal filament.

Positive 175

4 6 30 min/day, 25 m/min 250–300 g, Male Sprauge-Dawley rats, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model

Positive 176

4 — 30 min/day, 10%–30% of maximum enduration

Transient ischemic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model

Positive 177

4 5 35–45 min/day, 18m/min Male Wistar rats (260–300 g), surgical dissection was performed to expose the common carotid arteries and then the vagus nerve was carefully separated from these arteries. Common carotid arteries were occluded for approximately 20 minutes using Yashargil Aneurism microclips.

Positive 178

4 — 30 min/day, 4,8,12m/min Adult 250–280 g, Male Sprauge-Dawley rats, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model

Positive 179

4 5 30 min/day, 20 m/min, 0 slope Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–270 g); with 3% sodium pentobarbital (2 ml/kg), a filament was gently inserted into the internal carotid artery (ICA) to block the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Positive 180

8 7 30 min/day, 1st 5 min, 2 m/min , following 5 min, 3 m/min, last 20 min, 5 m/min; at 0 ° of inclination.

Male Wistar rats weight 80 ± 10 g, 3-weeks old; BCCAO was performed to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

Positive 181

— 5 30 min/ day; 2–20 m/min and, at a 0◦ slope.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-280 g; intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal administration of bacterial collagenase.

positive 182

voluntary running

4 days — 12 h/day; 3 to 30 rpm over 5 min

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 11 weeks of age, photo thrombosis leading to focal

Positive 183

wheel cerebral infarction.4 7 Free to exercise Male Wistar rats (280–320 g), chronic

cerebral hypoperfusion established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion.

Positive 184

swimming 4 5 5 min/ day in group B, 10 min/ day in group C, and 20 min /day in group D.

10 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats, photothrombotic cerebral infarction rat model

Positive 185

Supplementary table 13 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in cardiac hypertrophy


Intensity[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]Rat model

Effect(Positive/Negative)

References

Cardiac hypertrophy (4)

Treadmill exercise

4 5 1st 5 days, 40 min/day 0% grade, at 15 m/min, the duration and intensity increased daily until the animals were trained for 60 min at 18 m/min, 0% grade.

Male Spraguee Dawley rats (ages 10 wks; rats from the EP þ TAC and TAC groups were anesthetized with barbital sodium administered intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg body weight and completed by tying a 3-0 silk suture over an 8 gauge needle to produce pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy

Positive 186

4 5 EP group: 60% of VO2

1st 5 days: 0% grade, 40 min/day, 15 m/min, next days: 60 min/day 18 m/min, 0% grade.

Male 10-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 gauge needle to produce pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Positive 187

Swimming 8 5 90 min/day 4-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive

Positive 188

rats and Wistar rats10 5 60 min, 5% of their body

weight12–22 weeks old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 189

Supplementary table 14Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in myocardial injury


s

Days /

Week


Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Myocardial injury (5)

Treadmill exercise

1 3 60 min/day, 30 m/min, 0% grade 16-week-old male Sprauge-Dawley rats/Injection 5-hydroxydecanoate group or HMR1098

Positive 190

9 5 55 min/day, 20 m/min or 24 m/min , 0% grade

16-week-old obese Zucker rats or lean Zucker rats

Positive 191

10 5 60 min, 24 m/min, 0° inclination 16-week-old female Sprauge-Dawley rats/bilateral ovariectomized model

Positive 192

13 6 60 min/day, 1st 30 min, 18 m/min, remaining 30 min, 22 m/min

Male Wistar rats weighing 150–180 g, beta-adrenergic hyperactivity-induced cardiac hypertrophy and structural injury.

Positive 193

Voluntary wheel exercise

6 7 free to exercise Male Wistar rats (weighing 200–230 g), ischemia/reperfusion induced injury

Positive 194

Supplementary table 15 Exercise intervention characteristic of included studies in atherosclerosis

Disease Training Weeks

Days /

Week


Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Atherosclerosis (2)

Swimming 8 5 60 min/ day Male Sprague-Dawley rats (2 month old); aging was induced by D-gal and atherosclerosis was induced by high-fat diet (60% fat) for 9 weeks.

Positive 195

8 5 30 min or 60 min/day 180–200 g male Sprauge-Dawley rats/early Atherosclerosis model

Positive 196

Supplementary table 16 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in hypertension

Disease Training WeeksDays

/ Week


Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)

References

Hypertension (78)

Treadmill exercise one single bout

— 30 m/min until exhaustion (high-intensity exercise)

16-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 197

0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

5 60 min/day, 50%–60% of maximal exercise capacity

3-month old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 198

1 daily 30 min/day , 18 m/min 13-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 199

4/2 5 60 min/day, with a running speed of 30 m/min, no grade,

4-week-old male Wistar rats pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg)

Positive 200

4 5 30 min/day, at an average (±5%) of the anaerobic threshold, at 90% of the AT.

6-week-old and 40-week-old male spontaneous hypertensive rats

Positive 201

4 5 20 m/min and 0 elevation, for 40 min/day

Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (200–250 g)

Negative 202

4 5 moderate [corresponded to a speed of 20–22 m/min, equivalent to approximately

3-month-old male rats spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats,

Positive 203

60% of VO2max, each training session began with 5 min of heating at 12–15 m/min, and the duration of each session was 30 min (20–22 m/min)]

weighted 260–310 g

4 7 30 min/day, 10 m/min, 20 angle

12–14 -week-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive/Izm rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 204

4 5 weeks1–2:1 min/day ;13.3 m/min; a slope of 0; After these 2 weeks: 30 min/day, 13.3 m/min ,with no slope; 50% VO2max

Male Wistar rats ； weight, 150–175 g; injected accordingly with monocrotaline or saline

positive 205

5 — 60% VO2 max Male Wistar rats (100 ± 20 g) with Pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline, injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 weeks

Negative 206

5 5 Started with 15 min at 0.6 km/h and finished with a session of 60 min at 0.9 km/h

male Wistar rats (315 ± 34 g at the end of experimental procedures)At the end of the 2 week of training, the monocrotaline groups (SM and TM) received a single injection of

Positive 207

monocrotaline (60 mg/kg i.p.)6 5 45 min/day ,21 m/min, 4.5%

gradeMale Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

positive 208

6 5 60 min/day,18 m/min, 0 inclination, (moderate intensity exercise)

male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–350 g) Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertensive rat model

Positive 209

8 7 60 min/day, 60% VO2max, 0% grade

250–300 g male Wistar rats/dexamethasone-induced hypertension model

Positive 210

8 5 60 min/day, 0.8 km/h 12–13 week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 211

8 5 60 min/day, 5 m/min 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar rats

Positive 212

8 5 60 min/day, 0.3 km/h Female normotensive Wistar rats

Positive 213

8 5 60 min/day, 18–20 m/min 12-week-old male normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats

Positive 214

8 5 60 min/day, 50%–60% of maximal exercise capacity, 0% inclination

11–12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats

Positive 215

8 5 60 min/day; 20 m/min;0° slope

male spontaneouslyhypertensive rats (SHRs);(aged

positive 216

12 weeks)8 5 60 min/day, 0% grade, 50-

60% of maximal exercise capacity (low-intensity endurance training)

4-month old male spontaneously hypertensive ratss and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 217

8 5 Low intensity exercise: 30 min/day, 16 m/min, 20% under maximal lactate steady state; high intensity exercise: 24 m/min, 15% above

21-week-old hypertensive rats (SHR)

Positive 218

8 5 Week 1, 15 min/day, 10 m/min, 0% grade. Week 2, treadmill speed and exercise duration were progressively increased to 14 m/min for 30 min/day. Week 3, 60 min/day, 16 m/min, 0% grade, then was maintained until week 8.

4-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 219

8 5 Week 1: 15 min/day, 12 m/min, 0% grade. Week 2, treadmill speed and exercise duration were progressively increased to 14 m/min for 30 min/day. Week 3–8, 60 min/day, 16 m/min, 0%

4-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats

Positive 220

grade.8 5 Low-intensity aerobic

training: 60 min/day, 14 m/min, at 0 slope~40%–49 % of maximal aerobic velocity; moderate-intensity aerobic training: 20 m/min, ~55–65 % of maximal aerobic velocity

3-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 221

8 6 60 min/day, 20 m/min, corresponded to approximately 50%–60% of the peak VO2.

5-week-old male (110–130 g) spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 222

8 5 60 min/day, 50%–60% of maximal exercise capacity, 0% grade.


Positive 223

8 5 60 min/day, 0% grade, at 50–60% of maximal running speed

4-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats

Positive 224

8 5 60 min/day, 18–20 m/min, 0% grade, about 55%–65% of maximal aerobic velocity

13-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 225

10 5 60 min/day, 50%–70% of maximal exercise test

Acute myocardial infarction by ligation of the left coronary artery in 3-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Positive 226

12 5 60 min/day, gradually 3-month-old males Positive 227

progressing towards 55–65% (15–20 m/min) of maximal running speed

spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats

12 5 60 min/day, 15–20 m/min, 50–60% of maximal exercise capacity


Positive 228

12 5 60 min/day, gradually progressing running speed 15–20 m/ min, 55%–65% of maximal running speed

13-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 229

12 5 60 min/day, 15-20 m/min, training intensity was based on 50%–60% of each animal's maximal running speed

8-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats Positive 230

12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min 6 week-old Male Wistar rats Positive 231

12 5 60 min/day, 27 m/min 6-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 232

12 — Exercise training on treadmill was performed as indicated in the published protocol

Male 22-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 233

13 5 60 min/day, 55 % of maximal speed

8–21 weeks male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats

Positive 234

16 5 30 min/day, 5–12 m/min male spontaneously hypertensive rats and

Positive 235

normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats; 16-month-old

16 5 60 min/day,18 m/min, 0° inclination

7-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats

Positive 236

Voluntary running wheel

2 days / Free to exercise Male Wistar rats (200 g); animals received either a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg monocrotaline to induce RV failure

Positive 237

6 7 Free to exercise 3-week-old female Sprauge-Dawley rats /Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure model

Positive 238

10 7 Free to exercise 14-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats, 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, weighted 318 ± 8 g

Positive 239

13 7 Free to exercise Male Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( 21 days of age )

Positive 240

85–95 days

7 Free to exercise Age-matched (14–29 wk) male Wistar Kyoto and SHR

Positive 241

Resistance training

a signle — Rats were wearing a canvas jacket able to regulate the twisting and flexion of their torsos and were fixed by a holder in a standing position

Male spontaneously hypertensive rats that weighed 250–300 g Positive 242

on their hindlimbs. An electrical stimulation (20 V for 0.3-s duration and at 3-s intervals) was applied to the rat's tail through a surface electrode.

one single — 10 sessions of 10 repetitions, with 60-s rest intervals, and intensity of 40% of the load established by using the RM test.

Wistar rats (250–300 g) received orally Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (20 mg/kg, daily) for 7 days

Positive 243

acute — 50% of 1 RM; 20 sets, 15 repetitions/set, 2-s intervals, 1-min rest /set

male spontaneously hypertensive rats, weighing 250–300 g.

Positive 244

4 3 50% of 1RM, 3 sets of 10 repetitions

Male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were given Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride in their drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml for a total daily intake of 40 mg/kg 13 for 4 weeks

Positive 245

8 5 1st–2nd week: 30%-40% of maximal load; 3rd–5th week: 40%–50% of maximal load; 6th–8th week: 40%–60% of maximal load;15 climbs per session with a 1-min time interval between

Female Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR; 3 months) female rats;the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and ovariectomy was

Positive 246

climbs. performed.12 3 6–8 climbing sets of 10–12

repetitions, 1 pause between sets, with a mean duration of each training session of ~10–12 min.

17-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats Positive 247

Swimming 20 days/13 days

6 Exercise on the 1st day under these conditions lasted about 20 min, with progressive increases of 10 min/day until the duration reached 60 min.

9-week+15 days-old pregnant female spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive for lower pressure

Negative for embryo

248

2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 weeks

5 60 min/day Male Fischer rats (10 weeks of age; 150–180 g), Renovascular hypertension was induced by placed around the left renal artery through a midline incision

Positive 249

4 5 60 min/day Male Fischer rats (weighing 160–190 g) were anesthetized and a silver clip was placed around the left renal artery through a midline incision.

Positive 250

5 5 1 h/day, from the 6th to the 8th session of swimming, the load used was 2% of body weight. From the 9th

Renovascular hypertensive (2-kidney 1-clip) male Fisher rats

Positive 251

session on, the load used was 3% of the animal’s body weight

6 560 min/day, gradually increased up to 5% of the animal’s body weight

Adult male Wistar rats (70–90 days; 220–300 g); Hypertension was induced by the oral administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.

Positive 252

6 5 Day1: 10 min, day 2: 15 min, Day 3–4: 30 min, subsequent days: 1 h. After the 1st week: 2% of the body weight

Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (250–300 g, 14–16 wk old)

Positive 253

6 5 60 min/day 6-week-old male Wistar albino rats

Positive 254

6 5 60 min/day 4-month old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats

Positive 255

6 5 The duration of the sessions gradually increased: 1st day: 10 min, 2nd day: 15 min, 3rd and 4th day: 30 min, subsequent days: 1 h). After the 1st week, exercise intensity was increased by placement of a small extra

Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats (250–300 g, 14–16 weeks old)

Positive 256

load (2% of the body weight) around the chest of the rat during swimming.

6 5 60 min/day Fischer rats with renovascular hypertension 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C)

Positive 257

6 5 60 min/day, the workload (weight on the back) was gradually increased to up to 5% of the animal’s body weight

Adult male Wistar rats (aged 70–90 days) hypertension was induced by the oral administration of NO synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride), (30 mg/kg/day) for 1 week

Positive 258

6 5 After the 1st week, exercise intensity was increased by placement of a small weight (2% of the body weight) around the chest of the rat during swimming, 1h/day

14–16-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 259

6 6 60 min/day 3-week-old Male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 260

8 5 Swimming time was increased daily until reaching 60 min at the end of the 5th day, From the second week, the exercise duration was kept constant

3-month-old female ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 261

(60 min/day)8 5 interval that was increased

by 10 min each day until 60 min was reached on the 5th day. Beginning during the 2nd week, the duration of exercise remained constant (60 min/day, 5 days/week)

8-week-old female ovariectomized Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (110–150 g)

Positive 262

8 5 60 min/day 11–12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 263

9 5 20-min adaptation period on the 1st day, with increases of 10 min/day until reaching 1 h on the 5th day, toward a 2-h session during 9 weeks

male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats aged 45–50 weeks Positive 264

9 5 60 min/day 6 weeks of age Male inbred Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed an 8% NaCl diet after

Positive 265

9 5 A progressive training time every week of 10 min in the 1st week and 120 min in the last week

245±2-day-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Negative 266

9 5 120 min/day (low-intensity ) 48-50-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 267

9 6 60 min/day 6-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-

Positive 268

Kyoto rats, weighed 170–200 g10 5 60 min/day with 4% caudal

body weight workload12-week-old malee spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 269

10 5 60 min/day 5-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Negative 270

10 5 60 min/day 8-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 271

10 5 60 min/day, 10 min on the first day and increased by 10 min/ day, until 60 min was reached

8 week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 272

12 5 60 min/day, swimming duration was progressively increased to 60 min/day in 1 week.

4-week-old and 16-week-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Positive 273

Swimming trainingtreadmill exercise

8 5 Swimming: 60 min/day, from the 2nd week onwards, and the rats were worn caudal dumbbells that weighed 2% of their body weight. The caudal weight was gradually increased until it was 5%; running: week 1–5, 60

14-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Positive 274

min/day, 15 m/min, week 6–8, 60 min/day, 24 m/min

Supplementary table 17 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Heart failure


sDays / Week


Rat modelEffect

(Positive/Negative)Reference

sHeart failure(26)

Treadmill exercise

3 — The speed, duration, and grade were gradually increased to 20–25 m/min, 60 min/day, and 5–10%, respectively.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220–250 g, heart failure was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery

Positive 275

3 5 60 min/day, 20–23 m/min, at a 5% grade Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 120–150 g (5–6 weeks old), myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery

Positive 276

4 5 60 min/day, 25 m/min, corresponded to 60–80% of peak VO2. (Treadmill speed was increased gradually over a period of 1 week to 25 m/min and the duration of exercise was increased to 60 min/day.)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old), rats underwent left coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction.

Positive 277

5 540 min/day, 16 m/min 18-week-old male

Wistar rats, Positive 278

myocardial infarction model

6 5 60 min/day, training intensity ranged from 50% (in the beginning of the 1st week) to 60% (at the end of the 3rd week) of the average maximal speed.

8‐week‐old male Wistar rats, for the Heart failure induction, left thoracotomy was performed and the anterior descendent coronary artery was ligated.

Positive 279

6–8 7 60 min/day, 20–25 m/min, 5–10% grade Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220–280 g, Induction of heart failure

Positive 280

8 3/5 HIIT: 4 intervals at 90% peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) for 4 min, with 3 min recovery at 60% VO2peak); monocrotaline : 60min/day, at 60% V˙O2peak, at a gradient of 25°

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction model; Obese diabetic Zucker fatty/spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid rats were used as a model for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which occurs by 20 weeks

Positive 281

of age.8 4

MAT: 30 min, VO2max 60%; HIT: 33 min, 90% VO2 max 4-minfollowed by a 4-min 50% VO2max speed. 4 repetitions

275–325 g male Sprauge-Dawley rats, congestive heart failure model

Positive 282

8 5 60 min/day, at 60% of maximal speed Male Wistar rats weighting 200–300 g, followed by left thoracotomy, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded with 6/0 thread.

Positive 283

8 3 The continuous training trained at 70% of Velmax; The moderate interval training was performed 30 min/day, rats ran during 5 min at 80% Velmax, followed by 5 min intervals at 60% Velmax, which was repeated 3 times; intense interval training, rats ran 30 min/day, 1 min at 90% Velmax, 1 min at 50% Velmax, 15 times

Male Wistar rats (12 weeks), to induce coronary artery occlusion, the rats were anesthetized and the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded with a 6–0 thread.

Positive 284

8 5 Week 1: 10 min/day, 5 m/min; week 2: 14 min/day, 7.5 m/min; week 3: 18 min/day, 10 m/min; week 4: 22 min/day, 10 m/min; week 5: 26 min/day, 10 m/min; week 6: 30 min/day, 10 m/min.

Male Wistar rats weighing 90–100 g, and aortic stenosis was induced by placing a 0.6 mm stainless-steel clip on

Positive 285

the ascending aorta via a thoracic incision

8 5 Aerobic continuous training: 50 min/day, 15 m/min (60% of maximal speed) ; aerobic interval training: 40 min/day, 8 min of warm-up at 10 m/min and exercise at 15 m/min 4 × 4 min interspersed with 4 × 4 min at 23 m/min (92% of maximal speed).

Male Wistar rats weighing 250–270 g, myocardial infarction was induced by exposed and artery coronary ligation.

Positive 286

8–12 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min, on a 5% incline 5–6 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rats, coronary artery ligation surgery to induce myocardial infarction

Positive 287

8 5 70 min/day, 10 min of warm-up at 40%–50% of VO2max and 60 min of interval running. Each interval consisted of 4 min of high-intensity running (12.5 m/min at first week of training at approximately 85%-90% of VO2max) and 2 min of active recovery (6 m/min at first week of training at approximately 50%-60% of VO2max).

Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230–290 g, myocardial infarction was induced by permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery with nonabsorbable 8–0 suture.

Positive 288

8 5 The speed and duration were gradually increased to 16 m/min and 60 min per session, corresponding to an intensity of

Male Wistar rats weighing 220–270 g, coronary artery

Positive 289

55% VO2max ligation was performed to induce myocardial infarction.

8 5 60 min/day, at moderate intensity (50%–60% of the average maximum speed

Male Wistar rats (230–280 g) were subjected to myocardial infarction by permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery

Positive 290

8 5 60 min/day, 16 m/min Male Wistar rats weighing 220–270 g, coronary artery ligation was performed to induce myocardial infarction.

Positive 291

8 5 Week 1: 20 min/day, 16 m/min; Week 2: 30 min/day, 16m/min; Week 3: 40 min/day, 16 m/min; Week 4: 50 min/day, 16m/min; Week 5-8: 60 min/day, 16 m/min, corresponding to 55% VO2max

Male Wistar rats weighing 230–280 g, myocardial infarction was induced via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.

Positive 292

8 5 60 min/day, at 60% of peak VO2 (At the end of the 4th week, training rats underwent another exercise test to adjust

Two-month-old, male Wistar rats, underwent left

Positive 293

the intensity of exercise training. ) coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction

8 5 60 min/day, 4 min at 85%-90% of VO2max and 2 min at 50% of VO2max (VO2max was determined every 2nd week to account for the improved training status, then the workload was adjusted to keep high intensity intervals at 85%–90% of VO2max) (Uphill running, 25°)

Female Sprague Dawley rats, myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery.

Positive 294

10 5 5 min/day, 5 m/min (1st week); 10, 12, and 14 min/day, 6 m/min (2nd–4th week); 16, 18, and 20 min/day, 12 m/min (5–7 week); 20, 22, and 22 min/day, 15 m/min (8–10 week).

Male Wistar rats weighing 90–100 g, aortic stenosis surgery

Positive 295

10 5 50 min/day, 60% VO2max Male Wistar rats (6–8 week old), myocardial infarction was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery

Positive 296

25 3 45 min/day, 14.5 m/min, 10% grade 16-month-old female rats

Positive 297

Swiming 8 5

60 min/day

17-week-old male Wistar rats, myocardial infarction model

Positive 298

Respiratory muscle training

6 5 Week 1, the animals were conditioned to breathe through the orifice at the inspiratory port attached to a rigid mask while restrained in a whole-body cylinder. The inspiratory port was set at an internal diameter of 0.8 mm and was progressively decreased, reaching after 2 week of training a final internal diameter of 0.3 mm (maximal resistance)

Male Wistar rats (250–290 g), ligation of the left coronary artery to induce myocardial infarction.

Positive 299

Resistance training

8 3 Resistance training: a neoprene vest attached to apparatus was used by animals to remain in the standard position on their lower limbs. An electric stimulus (4–5 mA, 1-s duration, with an interval between each repetition) was applied to the rats’ tails. Continuous aerobic training: 50 min/day; at 10 m/min, which was progressively increased up to 15 m/min (0%

90 days of age Male Wistar rats , the ligature of coronary artery was performed to induce acute myocardial infarction

Positive 300

inclination).

Supplementary table 18 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Parkinson's disease

Disease Training Weeks Days / Week

Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat model Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Parkinson's

disease (12)

Treadmill

exercise

2 7 30 min/day, 2,5,8

m/min

Adult female Sprague-Dawley

rats;6-hydroxydopamine-

induced Parkinson’s disease

Positive 301

2 7 30 min/day, 20

cm/s

Male Wistar rats (200–250 g); 6-

OHDA-lesioned Parkinson’s

disease

Positive 302

16d — 30 min/day,

twice/day, 10

m/min, at a grade of

10

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8

weeks; 6-OHDA Lesioned

Parkinson’s diseasePositive 303

4 7 30 min/day, 2,3,5

m/min, no

inclination

Sprague-Dawley male rats, 4

weeks; Rotenone induced

Parkinson’s disease

Positive 304

4 — 30 min/d, 11 m/min Male Sprague−Dawley rats, 8

weeks; 6-OHDA-Induced


Positive 305

4 5 30 min/d, 11 m/min Adult female Sprague-Dawley Positive 306

rats; 6-OHDA induced


4 5 1st day: 20 min; Male 90-day-old Wistar rats; 6-

OHDA-induced Parkinson’s

diseasePositive

307

5th day: 50 min;

next 3 weeks: 60

min

4 5 30 min/day, 11

m/min

Male adult Sprague-Dawley

rats;6-OHDA lesioned

hemiparkinsonism

Positive 308

8 4 50 min/session, 13–

17 m/min, no

inclination, 48-h

interval/session

Male Wistar rats, 2-month-old;

6-OHDA induced Parkinson’s

diseasePositive 309

— 3 40 min/day, 10

m/min, 400 m/d

Male Wistar rats, 6-OHDA-

induced Parkinson’s diseasePositive 310

— 30 40 min/day; 10

m/min

3-months-old; hannover-wistar;

Parkinson’s disease ratPositive

311

Voluntar

y wheel

wheels

4 5 20 min/day Sprauge-Dawley, 3-month old

rats; Parkinson’s disease Positive 312

Supplementary table 19 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Alzheimer's disease


Week

Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat modelEffect


Alzheimer's

（10）Treadmillexercise

4 5 30 min/day; 10 min/m 176–200 g, male Wistar

rats weighing,

Alzheimer's disease

Positive

313

4 5 1st 2 weeks: 2×15 min 7-week-old, male Wistar

rats, Alzheimer’s diseasePositive

314

3rd weeks: 3×15 min4th weeks: 4×15 min1st 2 weeks: 10 m/min;Last 2 weeks: 15 m/min

4 7 30 min/day; 176–200 g, Wistar male

rats, Alzheimer’s disease Positive

315

1st 2 weeks: 10 m/min;

Last 2 weeks: 15 m/min4 7 1st week: 30 min/day 176–200 g, male Wistar

rats weighing,

Alzheimer's disease Positive

316

2nd week: 45 min/day3rd week: 60 min/day1st 2 weeks: 10 m/min;Last 2 weeks: 15 m/min

4 5 30 min/day; 250–280 g, Male Positive 317

Sprauge-Dawley rats,

Alzheimer's disease

8 m/min for 5 min, and

then 14 m/min for 5

min, and finally to 18

m/min for 20 min4 5 30 min/day; 3,5,8

m/min, 0% grade of

inclination

Male Sprague-Dawley

rats 7 weeks; amyloid

beta-induced

Alzheimer’s disease

Positive 318

4 5 1st 2 weeks: 2

sessions,10 m/min;

Adult male Wistar

rats;Aβ1-42-produced

Alzheimer’s disease Positive

319

3rd and 4th weeks:3 and

4 sessions respectively,

15 m/minClimbing

ladder,Swimming

6 3 Climbing ladder:

50%,75%,100% of the

body weight, 120-s

intervals; 80° incline;

Swim:1 h/day

Female Wistar rats, 6–7

months; d-galactose

induced Alzheimer's

Disease-like model

Positive 320

Swimming — — 15 min/day Wistar Rats, Alzheimer's

diseasePositive

321

4 7 from 10 min to 1 h/day 2.5-months-old, male


Positive 322

Alzheimer's disease

Supplementary table 20 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in depression


Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat model

Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Depression

(6)

Treadmill

exercise

2 7 30 min/day, 2,5,8

m/min,0°inclination

Sprague-Dawley

rats ， Seven weeks ；intracerebral hemorrhage-

induced depression

Positive 323

4 7 30 min/day, 5,8,15

m/min,0° inclination

Sprague-Dawley rats,5

weeks; Stress-Induced

depression

Positive 324

4 5 moderate intensity

continuous training:

80%–90% SLT;

High-intensity interval

training: 4 × 4

min/session

Male Wistar rats between 2

and 3 months, Middle

Cerebral Artery

Occlusion/Reperfusion

Surgery induced poststroke

depression

Positive 325

4 — 30 min/day, 9m/min at

80% SLTPositive 326

8 5 1st week:10–12 m/min Male Sprague-Dawley Positive 327

for 10 min (grade 0%);

2nd week ： 10–12

m/min for 20 min

(grade 0%)； 3rd

week ： 18–20 m/min

for 20 min (grade

0%)； 4th week:

18–20 m/min for 30 min

(grade 0%); 5th

week onwards:18–20

m/min for 50 min

(grade 0%)

rats,4 weeks; social

isolation induced

depression behaviors

Swimmin

g

2 7 15 min–1 h/d Male Wistar rats, 2 months

old; Physical activity

induces depression-like

behavior Negative 328

3 5 60 min/day 127-day-old Male Wistar

ratsPositive

Supplementary table 21 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in anxious rats

Disease Training WeeksDays/

Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Anxiety (4) Treadmill

exercise

3 5 30 min/day; moderate exercise Newborn male and female

Wistar rats

Positive 329

4 7 30 min/day; 15 m/min 7–8-week-old Male Sprauge-

Dawley rats

Positive 330

Voluntary

wheel

exercise

3 — 24-h free exercise 2-months-old male Sprauge-

Dawley rats

Positive 331

4 — 24-h free exercise 140–160 g male Sprauge-

Dawley rats

Positive 332

Supplementary table 22 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in neuroma pain

Disease Training Weeks Days / WeekIntensity


Effect


Neuropathic

pain

(3)

Treadmill

exercise

3 5 30 min/day,16 m/min Wistar adult male

rats;chronic constriction

injury with using catgut

chromic sutures 4.0 around

the common sciatic nerve

Positive 333

5 5 or 3 30 min/day, 20 m/min Male Sprague Dawley

rats,8 weeks;sciatic nerve

chronic constriction injury

model

Positive 334

Swimming 4 5 60 min/day, 10 m/min 200–250 g Male Sprague-

Dawley rats, tibial neuroma

transposition

Positive 335

Supplementary table 23 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in nerve injury


Week

Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat modelEffect


Nerve

injury

（21）

Treadmill

exercise

2 5 45 min; 10 m/min Adult 251–275 g Female

Sprauge-Dawley rats, low

C6/7 moderate contusion

Contusive spinal cord

injury in a rat model

Positive

336

4 5 1st week: 30 min 180–200 g male Wistar

rats, mechanical injuredPositive

337

2nd week: 45 min3rd week: 60 min;1st 2 week: 10 m/min;Last 2 week: 15 m/min

4 5 30,45,60 min, 10–15

m/min

200–250 g,

ovariectomized female

Wistar rats, synaptic

plasticity impairments

Positive

338

4 5 8 m/min, 30 min/day Male Sprague-Dawley

rats, 200–250 g, contusive

spinal cord injury

Positive 339

4 5 6.3–8.6 m/min Sprague–Dawley rats (6-

week-old,

female);contusion-injured

at the thoracic level,

spinal cord injury

Positive 340

5 5 20 min/session, 28

training sessions, 6–13.5

cm/s

Adult female Sprague–

Dawley rats; spinal cord

injury with Spinal cord

transection

Positive 341

6 5 10 min/day,0.4 m/s Adult male (300–400

g)rats; spinal cord injury

with cervical or high

thoracic injur Negative 342

6 5 15 min/day, 6–21 cm/s Male Wistar rats,20–21

weeks,spinal cord injury

with NYU impactor

Positive 343

6 5 1 session/day,10.5 m/min Adult male Wistar rats,2

months,spinal cord injury

with NYU impactor

Positive 344

6 6 6 m/min, 4–6 times/week Adult male Sprague-

Dawley rats,6

weeks;spinal cord injury

Positive 345

with laminectomy at the

T9–T10 level8 5 10 min/d,11 cm/s Adult female Sprague–

Dawley rats; spinal cord

injury induced thoracic

spinal cord contusion

injury

Positive 346

8 5 20 min/session 6,13.5,21

cm/s

Adult Sprague-Dawley

female rats, 3-5 moth-old;

spinal cord injury with

severe contusion injury

Positive 347

8 5 25–64 min/day; 15–22

m/min

50-day-old, male Wistar

rats, oxidative stressPositive 348

9 5 once a day, 6–7 m/min, 5

—30 min/day

Adult male Wistar rats,

2.5-month-old;spinal cord

injury below a complete

spinal cord transection at

T8–9

Positive 349

10 5 20 ± 10 min/day, 3

m/min-11 ± 13 m/min

Adult female specific

pathogen free Sprague-

Dawley rats, 75 ± 1 days

of age; incomplete spinal

Positive 350

cord injury model with

complete spinal cord

transection16 5 15 min/session, twice a

day, 5–12 m/min

Adult female Sprague-

Dawley rats,180–200 g;

spinal cord injury induced

by moderate contusive

spinal cord injury

inflicted at the 9th

thoracic vertebral level

using an Infinite Horizon

(200 kDyne) impactor

Positive 351

3 months 5 2 sessions/day, 20

min/session

Sprague–Dawley

rats,female,228–260 g,

contusion spinal cord

injury

Positive 352

3 months 5 40 min/day Sprague Dawley specific

pathogen free rats,12-

week old; spinal cord

injury by contused

Positive 353

6–8

months

5 3 min/day,6.5 m/min Sprague Dawley

pups,spinalized rats with

Positive 354

neonatal spinal

transectionSwimming 12 5 2 h/day 170–190 g, female

Sprauge-Dawley ratsPositive

355

Voluntary

wheel

exercise

1 — — 12-week-old, male naïve

Wistar ratsPositive

356

4 7 30 min/day Adult female Lewis rats

(180–300 g); T-shaped

lesions of the thoracic

(T8) spinal cord, spinal

cord injury

Positive 357

5 or 20 5 30 min/day Adult(225–250 g), female


Spinal cord injury

Positive 358

Supplementary table 24 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in traumatic brain injury

Disease Training Weeks

Days

/

Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Traumatic brain

injury(3)

Treadmill

exercise

1 7 30 min/day; 22 m/min 10-week-old-male Wistar rats,

traumatic brain injury

Positive 359

Swimming 7–9 5 90 min/day 4-month-old, male Wistar rats, N-

methyl-D-aspartate lesion

Positive 360

3 7 20 min/day Wistar rats Positive 361

Supplementary table 25 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in cerebellar ataxia


sDays / Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Cerebellar

ataxia(2)

Treadmill exercise 4 5 30 min/session, 15 m/min, 10%

slope

30 days of age, Spastic Han

Wistar male rats, ataxia

Positive 362

— 5 30 min/day, 15 m/min, 10%

incline

20–30 days old, Spastic Han

Wistar male rats, ataxia

Positive 363

Supplementary table 26 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Epilepsy


Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat model

Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Epilepsy (7) Treadmill

exercise

2 — 30 min/day,

2,3,5m/min, 0 ° of

inclination

Adult male rats (250 ± 10 g);

pilocarpine-induced epilepsy

model

Positive 364

4 — 1 session/day, 8–16

m/min, 5–25 min/day

Adult rats,adult rats subjected

to a chronic model of epilepsyPositive 365

30 d — 20 min/day, 12–15

m/min, 0% decline

Male 30-day-old Wistar rats;

pilocarpine-induced seizures in

the injured rat

Positive 366

30 d — 1st week: 12–14

m/min; 2nd

week: 15–17 m/min,

25 min;

3rd and 4th weeks: 18–

22 m/min

Male Wistar rats, 60 days old;

pilocarpine-induced epilepsy

Positive 367

13 5 short- (15 min),

moderate- (30 min)

and long-duration (60

Male Wistar albino rats, 20–

24-week-old;penicillin-

induced epileptiform activityPositive 368

min); 17 cm/s, 5° in

the grade incline, 45

cm/s with increments

of 2.5°–18° in the

grade incline— — 30 min/day, 12 m/min,

0 grade inclination

Male adult Wistar rats, 2

months; temporal lobe epilepsyPositive 369

Climbing

ladder

4 5 8 climbing

series/session, 20–30

min, 50%–100% load

Male Wistar rats, 60-day old;

Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy Positive 370

Supplementary table 27 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Autistic


Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat modelEffect


Autistic

(1)

Treadmill

exercise

4 5 30 min/day, 2,5,8

m/min, 0° inclination

Male Sprague-Dawley rat

pups,2 weeks old; valproic

acid-induced autism-like

rat models

Positive 371

Supplementary table 28 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in Chronic kidney disease


Week

Intensity

[Time/Day, Speed,

Slope]

Rat model

Effect

(Positive/Negativ

e)

References

Chronic

kidney

disease

（2）

Treadmill

exercise

4 5 30 min/day, 17 m/min,

15° incline

20-day-old male Sprague Dawley

rats, underwent 5/6 nephrectomy,

chronic kidney

Positive 　372

6 5 60 min/day, 16 m/min Male Wistar rats (280 g), A dose

of 100 mg/kg/day ip of G

(Gentatec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) was

applied for 10 days, acute kidney

injury

Positive 　373

Supplementary table 29 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in breast cancer


Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Breast Cancer

(15)

Treadmill

exercise

19 days 5 30 min/day, 17.5–20

m/min,15% grade

Sprague-Dawley pup female

rats, MNU-inducedPositive 374

12 5 Period of training (1–4 week),

Speed of treadmill (0.6, 0.96,

1.2, 1.44 km/h), period of

training (5–12 week), Speed

of treadmill (1.68 km/h) 1

week exercise 10 min, then

increased 10 min/week

28 days female Sprague–Dawley

rats, MNU-induced

carcinogenesis

Positive 375

35 5 60 m/day, 20 m/min 38 days old female Sprague-

Dawley rats, N-methyl-N-

nitrosourea-induced mammary

carcinogenesis

Positive 376

35 5 60 min/day, 20 m/ min 4–5 weeks female Sprague-

Dawley rats, N-methyl-N-

nitrosourea-induced mammary

carcinogenesis

Positive 377


Dawley rats, MNU-induced

mammary carcinogenesis

Positive 378


Dawley rats, MNU-induced

mammary carcinogenesis

Positive 379

35 5 60 min/day, 20 m/ min 38 days Female Sprague-

Dawley rats, MNU-inducedPositive 380

35 5 60 min/day, 20 m/min, 52-day-old female Sprauge-

Dawley, N-Methyl-N-

nitrosourea injection 2-day

before training

Positive 380

Voluntary

wheel

exercise

3 7 2000 ± 200 m/day, freedom

exercise

pregnant female Sprauge-

Dawley, MNU-inducedPositive

381

6 7 7673 ± 525 m/day, freedom

exercise

4-week-old female Sprauge-

Dawley,1-wk N-methyl-N-

nitrosourea injecting

Positive

382

6 7 low PA: <3 km/day; high PA:

>3 km/day; freedom exercise


Dawley, MNU-inducedPositive

383

Forced

wheel

exercise

4 7 5048 ± 430 m/day, freedom

exercise


Dawley, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea

injection

Positive 384

5 7 12 h/day or 1750 m/day or

3500 m/day, 37 m/min


Dawley (Sprague-Dawley), 1-

wk N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

injecting

Positive

385

5 7 12 h/day or 1750 m/day or

3500 m/day, 37 m/min


Dawley, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea

injection

Positive

386

Supplementary table 30 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in colonic cancer


Week

Intensity


Effect


Colonic

cancer (3)

Swimming 5 4 12 groups; 20s; 60% body

weightF334 rat, neoplasic induction Positive 387

9 5 90 min/day 4-week-old male Wistar rats,

1,2-dimethylhydrazine-

induced colon carcinoma

Positive 388

Voluntary

wheel

exercise

4 7 free to exercise6-week-old male Wistar rats,

neoplasic inductionPositive 389

Supplementary table 31 Exercise intervention characteristics of included studies in other cancer


Week

Intensity


Effect

(Positive/Negative

)

References

Tumor/Cancer

cachexia

（3）

Treadmill

exercise

8 5 20 m/min, intensity maintained

between 60 and 65 % VO2 max

Male adult Wistar rats

(150–200 g), tumor-

bearing rats

Positive 390

Ladder-climbing 8 — The initial climb consisted of

carrying a load that was 75% of

the animal’s body mass. After

this, an additional 30 g weight was

added until a load was reached

with which the rat could not climb

the entire length of the ladder.

70 day Wistar male rats,

tumor-bearing rats

Positive 391

Swimming 8 5 45 min/day 21 day male Wistar rats,

tumor-bearing ratsPositive 392

Reference

1. Fujino H, Ishihara A, Murakami S, Yasuhara T, Kondo H, Mohri S, et al.

Protective effects of exercise preconditioning on hindlimb unloading-induced atrophy

of rat soleus muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009;197:65-74.

2. Uchikawa K, Takahashi H, Hase K, Masakado Y, Liu M. Strenuous exercise-

induced alterations of muscle fiber cross-sectional area and fiber-type distribution in

steroid myopathy rats. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87:126-33.

3. Saeman MR, DeSpain K, Liu MM, Carlson BA, Song J, Baer LA, et al. Effects of

exercise on soleus in severe burn and muscle disuse atrophy. J Surg Res 2015;198:19-

26.

4. Krug AL, Macedo AG, Zago AS, Rush JW, Santos CF, Amaral SL. High-

intensity resistance training attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.

Muscle Nerve 2016;53:779-88.

5. Vechetti-Junior IJ, Bertaglia RS, Fernandez GJ, de Paula TG, de Souza RW,

Moraes LN, et al. Aerobic exercise recovers disuse-induced atrophy through the

stimulus of the lrp130/pgc-1alpha complex in aged rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med

Sci 2016;71:601-9.

6. Koulmann N, Richard-Bulteau H, Crassous B, Serrurier B, PaSprague-

Dawleyeloup M, Bigard X, et al. Physical exercise during muscle regeneration

improves recovery of the slow/oxidative phenotype. Muscle Nerve 2017;55:91-100.

7. Morais SR, Goya AG, Urias U, Jannig PR, Bacurau AV, Mello WG, et al.

Strength training prior to muscle injury potentiates low-level laser therapy (LLLT)-

induced muscle regeneration. Lasers Med Sci 2017;32:317-25.

8. Kaux JF, Libertiaux V, Leprince P, Fillet M, Denoel V, Wyss C, et al. Eccentric

training for tendon healing after acute lesion: a rat model. Am J Sports Med

2017;45:1440-6.

9. Marqueti RC, Durigan JLQ, Oliveira AJS, Mekaro MS, Guzzoni V, Aro AA, et

al. Effects of aging and resistance training in rat tendon remodeling. FASEB J

2018;32:353-68.

10. Metzger CE, Baek K, Swift SN, Souza MJD, Bloomfield SA. Exercise during

energy restriction mitigates bone loss but not alterations in estrogen status or

metabolic hormones. Osteoporosis International 2016;27:1-10.

11. Bodnar M, Skalicky M, Viidik A, Erben RG. Interaction between exercise,

dietary restriction and age-related bone loss in a rodent model of male senile

osteoporosis. Gerontology 2012;58:139-49.

12. Yanagihara GR, Paiva AG, Gasparini GA, Macedo AP, Frighetto PD, Volpon JB,

et al. High-impact exercise in rats prior to and during suspension can prevent bone

loss. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016;49.

13. Iijima H, Ito A, Nagai M, Tajino J, Yamaguchi S, Kiyan W, et al. Physiological

exercise loading suppresses post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression via an increase

in bone morphogenetic proteins expression in an experimental rat knee model.

Osteoarthritis & Cartilage 2017;25:S391-S2.

14. Allen J, Imbert I, Havelin J, Henderson T, Stevenson G, Liaw L, et al. Effects of

treadmill exercise on advanced osteoarthritis pain in rats. Arthritis Rheumatol

2017;69:1407-17.

15. Yue Y, Yang W, Yawei K, Xiaoning Z, He Z, Yi G, et al. The therapeutic effects

of lipoxin A4 during treadmill exercise on monosodium iodoacetate-induced

osteoarthritis in rats. Mol Immunol. 2018; 103:35-45

16. Assis L, Almeida T, Milares LP, Dos PN, Araújo B, Bublitz C, et al.

Musculoskeletal atrophy in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis: the effects

of exercise training and low-level laser therapy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2014;94:609-

16.

17. Cormier J, Cone K, Lanpher J, Kinens A, Henderson T, Liaw L, et al. Exercise

reverses pain-related weight asymmetry and differentially modulates trabecular bone

microarchitecture in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Life Sci 2017;180:51-9.

18. Rosa TS, Simoes HG, Rogero MM, Moraes MR, Denadai BS, Arida RM, et al.

Severe obesity shifts metabolic thresholds but does not attenuate aerobic training

adaptations in Zucker rats. Front Physiol 2016;7:122.

19. Giles ED, Steig AJ, Jackman MR, Higgins JA, Johnson GC, Lindstrom RC, et al.

Exercise decreases lipogenic gene expression in adipose tissue and alters adipocyte

cellularity during weight regain after weight loss. Front Physiol 2016;7:32.

20. Gopalan V, Michael N, Ishino S, Lee SS, Yang AY, Bhanu Prakash KN, et al.

Effect of exercise and calorie restriction on tissue acylcarnitines, tissue desaturase

indices, and fat accumulation in diet-induced obese rats. Sci Rep 2016;6:26445.

21. Zoth N, Weigt C, Laudenbach-Leschowski U, Diel P. Physical activity and

estrogen treatment reduce visceral body fat and serum levels of leptin in an additive

manner in a diet induced animal model of obesity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol

2010;122:100-5.

22. MacLean PS, Higgins JA, Wyatt HR, Melanson EL, Johnson GC, Jackman MR,

et al. Regular exercise attenuates the metabolic drive to regain weight after long-term

weight loss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009;297:R793-802.

23. Gerbaix M, Metz L, Mac-Way F, Lavet C, Guillet C, Walrand S, et al. A well-

balanced diet combined or not with exercise induces fat mass loss without any

decrease of bone mass despite bone micro-architecture alterations in obese rat. Bone

2013;53:382-90.

24. Lambert K, Hokayem M, Thomas C, Fabre O, Cassan C, Bourret A, et al.

Combination of nutritional polyphenols supplementation with exercise training

counteracts insulin resistance and improves endurance in high-fat diet-induced obese

rats. Sci Rep 2018;8:2885.

25. Cai M, Wang H, Li JJ, Zhang YL, Xin L, Li F, et al. The signaling mechanisms

of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress affecting neuronal plasticity-related

protein levels in high fat diet-induced obese rats and the regulation of aerobic

exercise. Brain Behav Immun 2016;57:347-59.

26. Coll-Risco I, Aparicio VA, Nebot E, Camiletti-Moiron D, Martinez R,

Kapravelou G, et al. Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength

exercise on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of

obese rats. J Sports Sci 2016;34:1452-60.

27. Dantas EM, Pimentel EB, Goncalves CP, Lunz W, Rodrigues SL, Mill JG.

Effects of chronic treadmill training on body mass gain and visceral fat accumulation

in overfed rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010;43:515-21.

28. Cho DK, Choi DH, Cho JY. Effect of treadmill exercise on skeletal muscle

autophagy in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem

2017;21:26-34.

29. Diane A, Vine DF, Russell JC, Heth CD, Pierce WD, Proctor Sprauge-Dawley.

Interrelationship of CB1R and OBR pathways in regulation of metabolic,

neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to food restriction and voluntary wheel

running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014;117:97-104.

30. Shindo D, Matsuura T, Suzuki M. Effects of prepubertal-onset exercise on body

weight changes up to middle age in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014;116:674-82.

31. Morris RT, Laye MJ, Lees SJ, Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Booth FW. Exercise-

induced attenuation of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and skeletal muscle lipid

peroxidation in the OLETF rat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008;104:708-15.

32. Schroeder M, Shbiro L, Gelber V, Weller A. Post-weaning voluntary exercise

exerts long-term moderation of adiposity in males but not in females in an animal

model of early-onset obesity. Horm Behav 2010;57:496-505.

33. Rector RS, Uptergrove GM, Morris EM, Borengasser SJ, Laughlin MH, Booth

FW, et al. Daily exercise vs. caloric restriction for prevention of nonalcoholic fatty

liver disease in the OLETF rat model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

2011;300:G874-83.

34. Farag MA, Ammar NM, Kholeif TE, Metwally NS, El-Sheikh NM, Wessjohann

LA, et al. Rats' urinary metabolomes reveal the potential roles of functional foods and

exercise in obesity management. Food Funct 2017;8:985-96.

35. da Luz G, Frederico MJ, da Silva S, Vitto MF, Cesconetto PA, de Pinho RA, et

al. Endurance exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and reticulum stress in

adipose and hepatic tissue in obese rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011;111:2015-23.

36. Svidnicki PV, de Carvalho Leite N, Venturelli AC, Camargo RL, Vicari MR, de

Almeida MC, et al. Swim training restores glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic

action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate-obese rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf)

2013;209:34-44.

37. Pauli JR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Carvalho-Filho MA, Moraes JC, De Souza CT,

et al. Acute physical exercise reverses S-nitrosation of the insulin receptor, insulin

receptor substrate 1 and protein kinase B/Akt in diet-induced obese Wistar rats. J

Physiol 2008;586:659-71.

38. Greene NP, Nilsson MI, Washington TA, Lee DE, Brown LA, Papineau AM, et

al. Impaired exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in the obese Zucker rat,

despite PGC-1alpha induction, is due to compromised mitochondrial translation

elongation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014;306:E503-11.

39. Kim YH, Sung YH, Lee HH, Ko IG, Kim SE, Shin MS, et al. Postnatal treadmill

exercise alleviates short-term memory impairment by enhancing cell proliferation and

suppressing apoptosis in the hippocampus of rat pups born to diabetic rats. J Exerc

Rehabil 2014;10:209-17.

40. Amaral LS, Silva FA, Correia VB, Andrade CE, Dutra BA, Oliveira MV, et al.

Beneficial effects of previous exercise training on renal changes in streptozotocin-

induced diabetic female rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016;241:437-45.

41. Kanter M, Aksu F, Takir M, Kostek O, Kanter B, Oymagil A. Effects of Low

Intensity Exercise Against Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-induced

Diabetic Rat Heart. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2017;125:583-91.

42. Kurdak H, Sandikci S, Ergen N, Dogan A, Kurdak SS. The effects of regular

aerobic exercise on renal functions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Sports

Sci Med 2010;9:294-9.

43. Boor P, Celec P, Behuliak M, Grancic P, Kebis A, Kukan M, et al. Regular

moderate exercise reduces advanced glycation and ameliorates early diabetic

nephropathy in obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 2009;58:1669-77.

44. de Senna PN, Xavier LL, Bagatini PB, Saur L, Galland F, Zanotto C, et al.

Physical training improves non-spatial memory, locomotor skills and the blood brain

barrier in diabetic rats. Brain Res 2015;1618:75-82.

45. Yoon H, Thakur V, Isham D, Fayad M, Chattopadhyay M. Moderate exercise

training attenuates inflammatory mediators in DRG of Type 1 diabetic rats. Exp

Neurol 2015;267:107-14.

46. Kurd M, Valipour Dehnou V, Tavakoli SA, Gahreman DE. Effects of endurance

training on hippocampus DJ-1, cannabinoid receptor type 2 and blood glucose

concentration in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2019;10:43-50.

47. Kim JS, Lee YH, Kim JC, Ko YH, Yoon CS, Yi HK. Effect of exercise training

of different intensities on anti-inflammatory reaction in streptozotocin-induced

diabetic rats. Biol Sport 2014;31:73-9.

48. VanHoose L, Sawers Y, Loganathan R, Vacek JL, Stehno-Bittel L, Novikova L,

et al. Electrocardiographic changes with the onset of diabetes and the impact of

aerobic exercise training in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat. Cardiovasc Diabetol

2010;9:56.

49. Nascimento PS, Lovatel GA, Barbosa S, Ilha J, Centenaro LA, Malysz T, et al.

Treadmill training improves motor skills and increases tyrosine hydroxylase

immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta in diabetic rats. Brain Res

2011;1382:173-80.

50. Ito D, Cao P, Kakihana T, Sato E, Suda C, Muroya Y, et al. Chronic Running

Exercise alleviates early progression of nephropathy with upregulation of nitric oxide

synthases and suppression of glycation in Zucker diabetic rats. PLoS One

2015;10:e0138037.

51. Qi Z, He J, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Ding S. Exercise training attenuates oxidative

stress and decreases p53 protein content in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic Goto-

Kakizaki rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:794-800.

52. Nazem F, Farhangi N, Neshat-Gharamaleki M. Beneficial Effects of Endurance

Exercise with rosmarinus officinalis labiatae leaves extract on blood antioxidant

enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Can J

Diabetes 2015;39:229-34.

53. Lappalainen J, Oksala NKJ, Laaksonen DE, Khanna S, Kokkola T, Kaarniranta

K, et al. Suppressed heat shock protein response in the kidney of exercise-trained

diabetic rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018;28:1808-17.

54. Sanches IC, Buzin M, Conti FF, Dias DDS, Dos Santos CP, Sirvente R, et al.

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training attenuates cardiac dysfunctions in a

model of diabetes and menopause. PLoS One 2018;13:e0202731.

55. Kazemi F, Zahediasl S. Effects of exercise training on adipose tissue apelin

expression in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Gene 2018;662:97-

102.

56. Pattamaprapanont P, Muanprasat C, Soodvilai S, Srimaroeng C, Chatsudthipong

V. Effect of Exercise Training on Signaling of Interleukin-6 in Skeletal Muscles of

Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Rev Diabet Stud 2016;13:197-206.

57. Alack K, Kruger K, Weiss A, Schermuly R, Frech T, Eggert M, et al. Aerobic

endurance training status affects lymphocyte apoptosis sensitivity by induction of

molecular genetic adaptations. Brain Behav Immun 2019;75:251-7.

58. Malysz T, Ilha J, Nascimento PS, De Angelis K, Schaan BD, Achaval M.

Beneficial effects of treadmill training in experimental diabetic nerve regeneration.

Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010;65:1329-37.

59. Dotzert MS, Murray MR, McDonald MW, Olver TD, Velenosi TJ, Hennop A, et

al. Metabolomic response of skeletal muscle to aerobic exercise training in insulin

resistant type 1 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2016;6:26379.

60. Monaco CMF, Proudfoot R, Miotto PM, Herbst EAF, MacPherson REK,

Holloway GP. alpha-linolenic acid supplementation prevents exercise-induced

improvements in white adipose tissue mitochondrial bioenergetics and whole-body

glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats. Diabetologia 2018;61:433-44.

61. Hung YH, Linden MA, Gordon A, Rector RS, Buhman KK. Endurance exercise

training programs intestinal lipid metabolism in a rat model of obesity and type 2

diabetes. Physiol Rep 2015;3.

62. Kim HJ, Park JY, Oh SL, Kim YA, So B, Seong JK, et al. Effect of treadmill

exercise on interleukin-15 expression and glucose tolerance in zucker diabetic Fatty

rats. Diabetes Metab J 2013;37:358-64.

63. Mostarda C, Rogow A, Silva IC, De La Fuente RN, Jorge L, Rodrigues B, et al.

Benefits of exercise training in diabetic rats persist after three weeks of detraining.

Auton Neurosci 2009;145:11-6.

64. Hazell TJ, Olver TD, Kowalchuk H, McDonald MW, Dey A, Grise KN, et al.

Aerobic endurance training does not protect bone against poorly controlled type 1

diabetes in young adult rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2017;100:374-81.

65. Freitas SC, Harthmann A, Rodrigues B, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Effect of

aerobic exercise training on regional blood flow and vascular resistance in diabetic

rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015;7:115.

66. Dotzert MS, McDonald MW, Murray MR, Nickels JZ, Noble EG, Melling CWJ.

Effect of combined exercise versus aerobic-only training on skeletal muscle lipid

metabolism in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2018;42:404-11.

67. Machado MV, Martins RL, Borges J, Antunes BR, Estato V, Vieira AB, et al.

Exercise training reverses structural microvascular rarefaction and improves

endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity in rats with diabetes. Metab Syndr

Relat Disord 2016;14:298-304.

68. Linden MA, Fletcher JA, Morris EM, Meers GM, Kearney ML, Crissey JM, et al.

Combining metformin and aerobic exercise training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

and NAFLD in OLETF rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014;306:E300-10.

69. Lumini-Oliveira J, Magalhaes J, Pereira CV, Moreira AC, Oliveira PJ, Ascensao

A. Endurance training reverts heart mitochondrial dysfunction, permeability transition

and apoptotic signaling in long-term severe hyperglycemia. Mitochondrion

2011;11:54-63.

70. Suzuki M, Shindo D, Suzuki R, Shirataki Y, Waki H. Combined long-term

caffeine intake and exercise inhibits the development of diabetic nephropathy in

OLETF rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017;122:1321-8.

71. Naderi R, Mohaddes G, Mohammadi M, Ghaznavi R, Ghyasi R, Vatankhah AM.

Voluntary exercise protects heart from oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Adv Pharm

Bull 2015;5:231-6.

72. Chodari L, Mohammadi M, Ghorbanzadeh V, Dariushnejad H, Mohaddes G.

Testosterone and voluntary exercise promote angiogenesis in hearts of rats with

diabetes by enhancing expression of vegf-a and sprauge-dawleyF-1a. Can J Diabetes

2016;40:436-41.

73. Boersma GJ, Barf RP, Benthem L, van Dijk G, Scheurink AJ. Forced and

voluntary exercise counteract insulin resistance in rats: the role of coping style. Horm

Behav 2012;62:93-8.

74. Takamine Y, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Tsuzuki T, Yoshihara T, Naito H. Effects of

voluntary running exercise on bone histology in type 2 diabetic rats. PLoS One

2018;13:e0193068.

75. Rosety-Rodriguez M, Rosety I, Fornieles-Gonzalez G, Diaz-Ordonez AJ,

Camacho A, Rosety MA, et al. A 6-week training program increased muscle

antioxidant system in elderly diabetic fatty rats. Med Sci Monit 2012;18:BR346-50.

76. Laye MJ, Rector RS, Warner SO, Naples SP, Perretta AL, Uptergrove GM, et al.

Changes in visceral adipose tissue mitochondrial content with type 2 diabetes and

daily voluntary wheel running in OLETF rats. J Physiol 2009;587:3729-39.

77. Sheldon RD, Laughlin MH, Rector RS. Reduced hepatic eNOS phosphorylation

is associated with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes progression and is prevented by daily

exercise in hyperphagic OLETF rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014;116:1156-64.

78. Gomes RJ, Leme JA, de Moura LP, de Araujo MB, Rogatto GP, de Moura RF, et

al. Growth factors and glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats: effects of exercise

training. Cell Biochem Funct 2009;27:199-204.

79. Alaca N, Uslu S, Gulec Suyen G, Ince U, Serteser M, Kurtel H. Effects of

different aerobic exercise frequencies on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2

diabetic rats: continuous versus short bouts and weekend warrior exercises. J Diabetes

2018;10:73-84.

80. Silva MF, Peluzio Mdo C, Amorim PR, Lavorato VN, Santos NP, Bozi LH, et al.

Swimming training attenuates contractile dysfunction in diabetic rat cardiomyocytes.

Arq Bras Cardiol 2011;97:33-9.

81. Andrade EF, Lima AR, Nunes IE, Orlando DR, Gondim PN, Zangeronimo MG,

et al. Exercise and beta-glucan consumption (saccharomyces cerevisiae) improve the

metabolic profile and reduce the atherogenic index in type 2 diabetic rats (HFD/STZ).

Nutrients 2016;8.

82. Arantes LM, Bertolini NO, de Moura RF, de Mello MA, Luciano E. Insulin

concentrations in cerebellum and body balance in diabetic male rats: aerobic training

effects. Physiol Behav 2013;118:58-62.

83. Silva E, Natali AJ, Silva MF, Gomes GJ, Cunha DN, Ramos RM, et al.

Ventricular remodeling in growing rats with experimental diabetes: The impact of

swimming training. Pathol Res Pract 2013;209:618-26.

84. de Almeida Leme JA, de Araujo MB, de Moura LP, Gomes RJ, de Moura RF,

Rogatto GP, et al. Effects of physical training on serum and pituitary growth hormone

contents in diabetic rats. Pituitary 2009;12:304-8.

85. da Silva MF, Natali AJ, da Silva E, Gomes GJ, Teodoro BG, Cunha DN, et al.

Attenuation of Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in

diabetic rat heart: insulin therapy or aerobic exercise? J Appl Physiol (1985)

2015;119:148-56.

86. Yang Q, Wang WW, Ma P, Ma ZX, Hao M, Adelusi TI, et al. Swimming training

alleviated insulin resistance through Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling in type 2 diabetic

rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017;20:1220-6.

87. da Silva E, Natali AJ, da Silva MF, Gomes Gde J, da Cunha DN, Toledo MM, et

al. Swimming training attenuates the morphological reorganization of the

myocardium and local inflammation in the left ventricle of growing rats with

untreated experimental diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2016;212:325-34.

88. Teixeira de Lemos E, Reis F, Baptista S, Pinto R, Sepodes B, Vala H, et al.

Exercise training decreases proinflammatory profile in Zucker diabetic (type 2) fatty

rats. Nutrition 2009;25:330-9.

89. Teixeira de Lemos E, Pinto R, Oliveira J, Garrido P, Sereno J, Mascarenhas-Melo

F, et al. Differential effects of acute (extenuating) and chronic (training) exercise on

inflammation and oxidative stress status in an animal model of type 2 diabetes

mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2011;2011:253061.

90. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, Reis F. Regular physical exercise

training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant

and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011;10:12.

91. Fujita N, Aono S, Karasaki K, Sera F, Kurose T, Fujino H, et al. Changes in lipid

metabolism and capillary density of the skeletal muscle following low-intensity

exercise training in a rat model of obesity with hyperinsulinemia. PLoS One

2018;13:e0196895.

92. Rivas DA, Yaspelkis BB, 3rd, Hawley JA, Lessard SJ. Lipid-induced mTOR

activation in rat skeletal muscle reversed by exercise and 5'-aminoimidazole-4-

carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside. J Endocrinol 2009;202:441-51.

93. Li J, Liu B, Cai M, Lin X, Lou S. Glucose metabolic alterations in hippocampus

of diabetes mellitus rats and the regulation of aerobic exercise. Behav Brain Res 2017.

94. Garg M, Thamotharan M, Oak SA, Pan G, Maclaren DC, Lee PW, et al. Early

exercise regimen improves insulin sensitivity in the intrauterine growth-restricted

adult female rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009;296:E272-81.

95. Ribeiro TA, Tofolo LP, Martins IP, Pavanello A, de Oliveira JC, Prates KV, et al.

Maternal low intensity physical exercise prevents obesity in offspring rats exposed to

early overnutrition. Sci Rep 2017;7:7634.

96. Calegari VC, Abrantes JL, Silveira LR, Paula FM, Costa JM, Jr., Rafacho A, et

al. Endurance training stimulates growth and survival pathways and the redox balance

in rat pancreatic islets. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012;112:711-8.

97. McDonald MW, Murray MR, Hall KE, Noble EG, Melling CW. Morphological

assessment of pancreatic islet hormone content following aerobic exercise training in

rats with poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islets 2014;6:e29221.

98. McDonald MW, Murray MR, Grise KN, Olver TD, Dey A, Shoemaker JK, et al.

The glucoregulatory response to high-intensity aerobic exercise following training in

rats with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab

2016;41:631-9.

99. Frantz EDC, Giori IG, Machado MV, Magliano DC, Freitas FM, Andrade MSB,

et al. High, but not low, exercise volume shifts the balance of renin-angiotensin

system toward ACE2/Mas receptor axis in skeletal muscle in obese rats. Am J Physiol

Endocrinol Metab 2017;313:E473-e82.

100. Chowdhury KK, Legare DJ, Lautt WW. Interaction of antioxidants and

exercise on insulin sensitivity in healthy and prediabetic rats. Can J Physiol

Pharmacol 2013;91:570-7.

101. Beaudry JL, Dunford EC, Leclair E, Mandel ER, Peckett AJ, Haas TL, et al.

Voluntary exercise improves metabolic profile in high-fat fed glucocorticoid-treated

rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015;118:1331-43.

102. Bergeron R, Mentor JS, Cote I, Ngo Sock ET, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM.

Loss of ovarian estrogens causes only mild deterioration of glucose homeostasis in

female ZDF rats preventable by voluntary running exercise. Horm Metab Res

2014;46:774-81.

103. Carter LG, Qi NR, De Cabo R, Pearson KJ. Maternal exercise improves

insulin sensitivity in mature rat offspring. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:832-40.

104. Picklo MJ, Thyfault JP. Vitamin E and vitamin C do not reduce insulin

sensitivity but inhibit mitochondrial protein expression in exercising obese rats. Appl

Physiol Nutr Metab 2015;40:343-52.

105. Tsuzuki T, Shinozaki S, Nakamoto H, Kaneki M, Goto S, Shimokado K, et

al. Voluntary Exercise Can Ameliorate Insulin Resistance by Reducing iNOS-

Mediated S-Nitrosylation of Akt in the Liver in Obese Rats. PLoS One

2015;10:e0132029.

106. Funai K, Schweitzer GG, Castorena CM, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. In vivo

exercise followed by in vitro contraction additively elevates subsequent insulin-

stimulated glucose transport by rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab

2010;298:E999-1010.

107. Cartee GD, Arias EB, Yu CS, Pataky MW. Novel single skeletal muscle fiber

analysis reveals a fiber type-selective effect of acute exercise on glucose uptake. Am J

Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016;311:E818-E24.

108. Bradley NS, Snook LA, Jain SS, Heigenhauser GJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL.

Acute endurance exercise increases plasma membrane fatty acid transport proteins in

rat and human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;302:E183-9.

109. Janssens S, Jonkers RA, Groen AK, Nicolay K, van Loon LJ, Prompers JJ.

Effects of acute exercise on lipid content and dietary lipid uptake in liver and skeletal

muscle of lean and diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015;309:E874-83.

110. Galbes O, Goret L, Caillaud C, Mercier J, Obert P, Candau R, et al.

Combined effects of hypoxia and endurance training on lipid metabolism in rat

skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008;193:163-73.

111. Vichaiwong K, Henriksen EJ, Toskulkao C, Prasannarong M, Bupha-Intr T,

Saengsirisuwan V. Attenuation of oxidant-induced muscle insulin resistance and p38

MAPK by exercise training. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:593-9.

112. Feng X, Uchida Y, Koch L, Britton S, Hu J, Lutrin D, et al. Exercise

Prevents enhanced postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline and

rectifies the gut microbiome in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Front Immunol

2017;8:1768.

113. Disanzo BL, You T. Effects of exercise training on indicators of adipose

tissue angiogenesis and hypoxia in obese rats. Metabolism 2014;63:452-5.

114. Kawanishi N, Takagi K, Lee HC, Nakano D, Okuno T, Yokomizo T, et al.

Endurance exercise training and high-fat diet differentially affect composition of

diacylglycerol molecular species in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr

Comp Physiol 2018;314:R892-r901.

115. Aparicio VA, Coll-Risco I, Camiletti-Moiron D, Nebot E, Martinez R,

Lopez-Jurado M, et al. Interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance

exercise improves metabolic markers beyond caloric restriction in Zucker rats. Nutr

Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016;26:713-21.

116. Amaral F, Lima NE, Ornelas E, Simardi L, Fonseca FL, Maifrino LB. Effect

of different exercise intensities on the pancreas of animals with metabolic syndrome.

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015;8:115-20.

117. Sakurai T, Endo S, Hatano D, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Oh-ishi S, et al.

Effects of exercise training on adipogenesis of stromal-vascular fraction cells in rat

epididymal white adipose tissue. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010;200:325-38.

118. Stanisic J, Koricanac G, Culafic T, Romic S, Stojiljkovic M, Kostic M, et al.

Low intensity exercise prevents disturbances in rat cardiac insulin signaling and

endothelial nitric oxide synthase induced by high fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol

2016;420:97-104.

119. Yamashita AS, Lira FS, Rosa JC, Paulino EC, Brum PC, Negrao CE, et al.

Depot-specific modulation of adipokine levels in rat adipose tissue by diet-induced

obesity: the effect of aerobic training and energy restriction. Cytokine 2010;52:168-

74.

120. Martin-Cordero L, Garcia JJ, Hinchado MD, Bote E, Manso R, Ortega E.

Habitual physical exercise improves macrophage IL-6 and TNF-alpha deregulated

release in the obese zucker rat model of the metabolic syndrome.

Neuroimmunomodulation 2011;18:123-30.

121. Martin-Cordero L, Garcia JJ, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. The interleukin-6 and

noradrenaline mediated inflammation-stress feedback mechanism is dysregulated in

metabolic syndrome: effect of exercise. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011;10:42.

122. Kivela R, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Purhonen T,

Ketola T, et al. Gene expression centroids that link with low intrinsic aerobic exercise

capacity and complex disease risk. Faseb j 2010;24:4565-74.

123. Zhu Z, Jiang W, Sells JL, Neil ES, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Effect of

nonmotorized wheel running on mammary carcinogenesis: circulating biomarkers,

cellular processes, and molecular mechanisms in rats. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers

Prev 2008;17:1920-9.

124. Liu W, Wang H, Wang Y, Li H, Ji L. Metabolic factors-triggered

inflammatory response drives antidepressant effects of exercise in CUMS rats.

Psychiatry Res 2015;228:257-64.

125. Sutherland LN, Bomhof MR, Capozzi LC, Basaraba SA, Wright DC.

Exercise and adrenaline increase PGC-1{alpha} mRNA expression in rat adipose

tissue. J Physiol 2009;587:1607-17.

126. Botezelli JD, Cambri LT, Ghezzi AC, Dalia RA, PP MS, Ribeiro C, et al.

Different exercise protocols improve metabolic syndrome markers, tissue

triglycerides content and antioxidant status in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011;3:35.

127. Kapravelou G, Martinez R, Nebot E, Lopez-Jurado M, Aranda P, Arrebola F,

et al. The combined intervention with germinated vigna radiata and aerobic interval

training protocol is an effective strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver

disease (nafld) and other alterations related to the metabolic syndrome in Zucker rats.

Nutrients 2017;9.

128. Linden MA, Sheldon RD, Meers GM, Ortinau LC, Morris EM, Booth FW, et

al. Aerobic exercise training in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

related fibrosis. J Physiol 2016;594:5271-84.

129. Sheldon RD, Nicole Blaize A, Fletcher JA, Pearson KJ, Donkin SS,

Newcomer SC, et al. Gestational exercise protects adult male offspring from high-fat

diet-induced hepatic steatosis. J Hepatol 2016;64:171-8.

130. Miguel Luiz B, Santos RVT, Lopes RD, Lopes ANC, Rosa LFBP, Costa,

Seelaender MCL. Endurance training modulates lymphocyte function in rats with

post-MI CHF. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:549-56.

131. Bourdier G, Flore P, Sanchez H, Pepin JL, Belaidi E, Arnaud C. High-

intensity training reduces intermittent hypoxia-induced ER stress and myocardial

infarct size. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016;310:H279-89.

132. Shen M, Yu M, Li J, Ma L. Effects of exercise training on kinin receptors

expression in rats with myocardial infarction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017;123:1-6.

133. Lee HW, Ahmad M, Wang HW, Leenen FH. Effects of exercise training on

brain-derived neurotrophic factor in skeletal muscle and heart of rats post myocardial

infarction. Experimental Physiology 2017;102:314.

134. Rinaldi B, Guida F, Furiano A, Donniacuo M, Luongo L, Gritti G, et al.

Effect of prolonged moderate exercise on the changes of nonneuronal cells in early

myocardial infarction. Neural Plast 2015;2015:265967.

135. An LMS, Ferferieva V, Bito V, Wens I, Verboven K, Deluyker D, et al.

Exercise improves cardiac function and attenuates insulin resistance in Dahl salt-

sensitive rats. Int J Cardiol 2015;186:154-60.

136. Boudia D, Domergue V, Mateo P, Fazal L, Prud'Homme M, Prigent H, et al.

Beneficial effects of exercise training in heart failure are lost in male diabetic rats. J

Appl Physiol 2017;123:jap.00117.2017.

137. Chen T, Cai MX, Li YY, He ZX, Shi XC, Song W, et al. Aerobic exercise

inhibits sympathetic nerve sprouting and restores β-adrenergic receptor balance in rats

with myocardial infarction. Plos One 2014;9:e97810.

138. Xiaohua X, Wenhan W, Powers AS, Ji L, Ji LL, Shunhua L, et al. Effects of

exercise training on cardiac function and myocardial remodeling in post myocardial

infarction rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008;44:114-22.

139. Kemi OJ, Niall MQ, Hoydal MA, Oyvind E, Smith GL, Ulrik W. Exercise

training corrects control of spontaneous calcium waves in hearts from myocardial

infarction heart failure rats. J Cell Physiol 2011;227:20-6.

140. Dor-Haim H, Lotan C, Horowitz M, Swissa M. Intensive exercise training

improves cardiac electrical stability in myocardial-infarcted rats. J Am Heart Assoc

2017;6:e005989.

141. Almeida SA, Claudio ER, Mengal V, Oliveira SG, Merlo E, Podratz PL, et

al. Exercise training reduces cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in ovariectomized

rats submitted to myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014;9:e115970.

142. Jia D, Cai M, Xi Y, Du S, ZhenjunTian. Interval exercise training increases

LIF expression and prevents myocardial infarction-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in

rats. Life Sci 2017;193:77-86.

143. Jasenka K, Jasna M, Danijel P, Petra Z, Zeljko D, Ulrik W, et al. Aerobic

interval training attenuates remodelling and mitochondrial dysfunction in the post-

infarction failing rat heart. Cardio Res 2013;99:55-64.

144. Bansal A, Dai Q, Ying AC, Hakala KW, Zhang JQ, Weintraub ST, et al.

Proteomic analysis reveals late exercise effects on cardiac remodeling following

myocardial infarction. J Proteomics 2010;73:2041-9.

145. Melo SF, Barauna VG, Neves VJ, Fernandes T, Lara Lda S, Mazzotti DR, et

al. Exercise training restores the cardiac microRNA-1 and -214 levels regulating Ca2+

handling after myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015;15:166.

146. Ranjbar K, Nazem F, Nazari A. Effect of exercise training and l -arginine on

oxidative stress and left ventricular function in the post-ischemic failing rat heart.

Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016;16:122-9.

147. Yengo CM, Zimmerman Sprauge-Dawley, Mccormick RJ, Thomas DP.

Exercise training post-MI favorably modifies heart extracellular matrix in the rat. Med

Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:1005-12.

148. Frederico MJS, Justo SL, Gabrielle DL, Sabrina DS, Cleber M, Barbosa VA,

et al. Exercise training provides cardioprotection via a reduction in reactive oxygen

species in rats submitted to myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol. Free

Radic Res 2009;43:957-64.

149. Volker A, Marcia A, Tina F, Natale R, Sarah W, Nicole S, et al. High-

intensity interval training attenuates endothelial dysfunction in a Dahl salt-sensitive

rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol

2015;119:745-52.

150. Lachance D, Plante E, Bouchard-Thomassin AA, Champetier S, Roussel E,

Drolet MC, et al. Moderate exercise training improves survival and ventricular

remodeling in an animal model of left ventricular volume overload. Circulation Heart

Failure 2009;2:437.

151. Cai M, Wang QA, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of

exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors

expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci.

152. Barboza CA, Souza GI, Oliveira JC, Silva LM, Mostarda CT, Dourado PM,

et al. Cardioprotective properties of aerobic and resistance training against myocardial

infarction. Int J Sports Med 2016;37:s-0035-1565136.

153. Freimann S, Kessler-Icekson G, Shahar I, Radom-Aizik S, Yitzhaky A, Eldar

M, et al. Exercise training alters the molecular response to myocardial infarction. Med

Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:757-65.

154. Zanchi N, Bechara L, Ly, Debbas V, Bartholomeu T, Ramires P. Moderate

exercise training decreases aortic superoxide production in myocardial infarcted rats.

Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;104:1045-52.

155. Leslie AP, Roberto MES, Alexandra ADS, Tucci PJF. Swimming training

attenuates remodeling, contractile dysfunction and congestive heart failure in rats with

moderate and large myocardial infarctions. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010;36:394-

9.

156. Santos MH, Higuchi ML, Tucci PJ, Garavelo SM, Reis MM, Antonio EL, et

al. Previous exercise training increases levels of PPAR-α in long-term post-

myocardial infarction in rats, which is correlated with better inflammatory response.

Clinics 2016;71:163-8.

157. Melo SF, Fernandes T, Barauna VG, Matos KC, Santos AA, Tucci PJ, et al.

Expression of microrna-29 and collagen in cardiac muscle after swimming training in

myocardial-infarcted rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014;33:657-69.

158. Stradecki-Cohan HM, Youbi M, Cohan CH, Saul I, Garvin AA, Perez E, et

al. Physical exercise improves cognitive outcomes in 2 models of transient cerebral

ischemia. Stroke 2017;48:2306.

159. Tamakoshi K, Ishida K, Hayao K, Takahashi H, Tamaki H. Behavioral effect

of short- and long-term exercise on motor functional recovery after intracerebral

hemorrhage in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27:3630-3635.

160. Liu W, Wu W, Lin G, Cheng J, Zeng Y, Shi Y. Physical exercise promotes

proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells via ERK in rats with

cerebral infarction. Mol Med Rep 2018.

161. Chung JY, Kim MW, Im W, Hwang IK, Bang MS, Kim M. Expression of

neurotrophin-3 and trkc following focal cerebral ischemia in adult rat brain with

treadmill exercise. Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:9248542.

162. Xiaojiao Y, Zhijie H, Qi Z, Yi W, Yongshan H, Xiaolou W, et al. Pre-

ischemic treadmill training for prevention of ischemic brain injury via regulation of

glutamate and its transporter GLT-1. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:9447-59.

163. Jin-Young C, Min-Wook K, Moon-Suk B, Manho K. Increased expression of

neurotrophin 4 following focal cerebral ischemia in adult rat brain with treadmill

exercise. Plos One 2013;8:e52461.

164. Ma Y, He M, Qiang L. Exercise Therapy Downregulates the Overexpression

of TLR4, TLR2, MyD88 and NF-κB after Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci

2013;14:3718-33.

165. Zhang YX, Yuan MZ, Cheng L, Lin LZ, Du HW, Chen RH, et al. Treadmill

exercise enhances therapeutic potency of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cells

in cerebral ischemic rats via anti-apoptotic effects. Bmc Neuroscience 2015;16:56.

166. Pengyue Z, Huixian Y, Naiyun Z, Jie Z, Yi W, Yuling Z, et al. Early exercise

improves cerebral blood flow through increased angiogenesis in experimental stroke

rat model. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2013;10:43-.

167. Mizutani K, Shayashi S. Analysis of protein expression profile in the

cerebellum of cerebral infarction rats after treadmill training. Am J Phys Med Rehabil

2010;89:107-14.

168. Miao G, Victoria L, William D, Tao H, Aaron C, Shane S, et al. Preischemic

induction of TNF-alpha by physical exercise reduces blood-brain barrier dysfunction

in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008;28:1422.

169. Zwagerman N, Plumlee C, Guthikonda M, Ding Y. Toll-like receptor-4 and

cytokine cascade in stroke after exercise. Neurol Res 2010;32:123-6.

170. Alecia C, Miao G, Rohit P, Brandon L, Shane S, Qin L, et al. Exercise pre-

conditioning reduces brain inflammation in stroke via tumor necrosis factor-alpha,

extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity.

Neurol Res 2010;32:756-62.

171. Hayes K, Sprague S, Guo M, Davis W, Friedman A, Kumar A, et al. Forced,

not voluntary, exercise effectively induces neuroprotection in stroke. Acta

Neuropathol 2008;115:289-96.

172. Guoa M, Coxa B, Mahalea S, Davisa W, Carranzaa A, Hayesa K, et al. Pre-

ischemic exercise reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and ameliorates

blood-brain barrier dysfunction in stroke. Neuroscience 2008;151:340-51.

173. Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Terashi T, Takada S, Nakanishi K, Kikuchi K.

Preconditioning exercise reduces brain damage and neuronal apoptosis through

enhanced endogenous 14-3-3gamma after focal brain ischemia in rats. Brain Struct

Funct 2019;224:727-38.

174. Wang X, Zhang M, Yang Sprauge-Dawley, Li WB, Ren SQ, Zhang J, et al.

Pre-ischemic treadmill training alleviates brain damage via GLT-1-mediated signal

pathway after ischemic stroke in rats. Neuroscience 2014;274:393-402.

175. Zhu L, Ye T, Tang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li H, et al. Exercise preconditioning

regulates the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway and reduces

cerebral ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory injury: a study in rats. J Stroke

Cerebrovasc Dis 2016;25:2770-9.

176. Zhang F, Jia J, Wu Y, Hu Y, Wang Y. The effect of treadmill training pre-

exercise on glutamate receptor expression in rats after cerebral ischemia. Int J Mol Sci

2010;11:2658-69.

177. Kim DY, Park SH, Lee SU, Choi DH, Park HW, Sun HP, et al. Effect of

human embryonic stem cell-derived neuronal precursor cell transplantation into the

cerebral infarct model of rat with exercise. Neurosci Res 2007;58:164-75.

178. Shamsaei N, Khaksari M, Erfani S, Rajabi H, Aboutaleb N. Exercise

preconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects on hippocampal CA1 neuronal

damage after cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015;10:1245-50.

179. Liu N, Huang H, Lin F, Chen A, Zhang Y, Chen R, et al. Effects of treadmill

exercise on the expression of netrin-1 and its receptors in rat brain after cerebral

ischemia. Neuroscience 2011;194:349-58.

180. Zhao Y, Pang Q, Liu M, Pan J, Xiang B, Huang T, et al. Treadmill exercise

promotes neurogenesis in ischemic rat brains via caveolin-1/vegf signaling pathways.

Neurochem Res 2017;42:389-97.

181. Lee JM, CJ K, JM P, MK S, YJ K. Effect of treadmill exercise on spatial

navigation impairment associated with cerebellar Purkinje cell loss following chronic

cerebral hypoperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2018;17:8121.

182. Park JW, Bang MS, Kwon BS, Park YK, Kim DW, Shon SM, et al. Early

treadmill training promotes motor function after hemorrhagic stroke in rats. Neurosci

Lett 2010;471:104-8.

183. Mizutani K, Sonoda S, Wakita H, Katoh Y, Kan S. Functional recovery and

alterations in the expression and localization of protein kinase C following voluntary

exercise in rat with cerebral infarction. Neurol Sci 2014;35:53-9.

184. Jiang T, Zhang L, Pan X, Zheng H, Xi C, Li L, et al. Physical exercise

improves cognitive function together with microglia phenotype modulation and

remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2017;11:404.

185. Song MK, Kim EJ, Kim JK, Park HK, Lee SG. Effect of regular swimming

exercise to duration-intensity on neurocognitive function in cerebral infarction rat

model. Neurol Res.

186. Tongyi X, Ben Z, Fan Y, Chengliang C, Guokun W, Qingqi H, et al. HSF1

and NF-κB p65 participate in the process of exercise preconditioning attenuating

pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res

Commun 2015;460:622-7.

187. Tongyi X, Hao T, Ben Z, Chengliang C, Xiaohong L, Qingqi H, et al.

Exercise preconditioning attenuates pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac

hypertrophy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:530.

188. Garciarena CD, Pinilla OA, Nolly MB, Laguens RP, Escudero EM,

Cingolani HE, et al. Endurance training in the spontaneously hypertensive rat:

conversion of pathological into physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension

2009;53:708-14.

189. Campos JC, Fernandes T, Bechara LR, da Paixao NA, Brum PC, de Oliveira

EM, et al. Increased clearance of reactive aldehydes and damaged proteins in

hypertension-induced compensated cardiac hypertrophy: impact of exercise training.

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:464195.

190. Quindry JC, Lindsey M, Graham MG, Brian K, J Megan I, Michael L, et al.

Ischemia reperfusion injury, KATP channels, and exercise-induced cardioprotection

against apoptosis. J Appl Physiol (1985)2012;113:498.

191. Peterson JM, Bryner RW, Amy S, Frisbee JC, Alway SE. Mitochondrial

apoptotic signaling is elevated in cardiac but not skeletal muscle in the obese Zucker

rat and is reduced with aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985)2008;105:1934.

192. Huang CY, Lin YY, Hsu CC, Cheng SM, Shyu WC, Ting H, et al. Anti-

apoptotic effect of exercise training on ovariectomized rat hearts. J Appl Physiol

(1985) 2016;121:jap.01042.2015.

193. Serra AJ, Higuchi MLIhara SS. Exercise training prevents beta-adrenergic

hyperactivity-induced myocardial hypertrophy and lesions. Eur J Heart Fail

2014;10:534-9.

194. Pósa A, Szabó R, Kupai K, Baráth Z, Szalai Z, Csonka A, et al.

Cardioprotective effects of voluntary exercise in a rat model: role of matrix

metalloproteinase-2. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:876805.

195. Lee J, Cho JY, Kim WK. Anti-inflammation effect of Exercise and Korean

red ginseng in aging model rats with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Nutr Res Pract.

2014;8:284-91.

196. Wang J, Wang L, Yang H, You Y, Xu H, Gong L, et al. Prevention of

atherosclerosis by Yindan Xinnaotong capsule combined with swimming in rats.

BMC Complement Altern Med 2015;15:109.

197. Ai-Lun Y, Chia-Wen L, Jen-Ting L, Chia-Ting S. Enhancement of

vasorelaxation in hypertension following high-intensity exercise. Chin J Physiol

2011;54:87-95.

198. Chaar LJ, Alves TP, Batista Junior AM, Michelini LC. Early training-

induced reduction of angiotensinogen in autonomic areas-the main effect of exercise

on brain renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive rats. Plos One 2015;10:e0137395.

199. Monnier A, Garnier P, Quirie A, Pernet N, Demougeot C, Marie C, et al.

Effect of short-term exercise training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2017;35:279-90.

200. Daniel MGA, Rita F, Hélder F, Ana Isabel PO, Nuno M, Ana Filipa S, et al.

Cardioprotective effects of early and late aerobic exercise training in experimental

pulmonary arterial hypertension. Basic Res Cardiol 2015;110:1-15.

201. Rocha LA, Oliveira KS, Migliolo L, Franco OL. Effect of moderate exercise

on mitochondrial proteome in heart tissue of spontaneous hypertensive rats. Am J

Hypertens. 2015;29:hpv160.

202. Tchekalarova J, Shishmanova M, Atanasova D, Stefanova M, Alova L,

Lazarov N, et al. Effect of endurance training on seizure susceptibility, behavioral

changes and neuronal damage after kainate-induced status epilepticus in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2015;1625:39-53.

203. Frank MK, Andrea Maculano E, Cleide L, Cavagnolli DA, Sergio T, Marco

Tulio DM. The effects of physical exercise on the serum iron profile in spontaneously

hypertensive rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012;145:222-4.

204. Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Katsuki M, Ogawa K, Shinohara K, Isegawa K, et al.

Exercise training causes sympathoinhibition through antioxidant effect in the rostral

ventrolateral medulla of hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012;34:278-83.

205. Handoko ML, Cm DMF. Opposite effects of training in rats with stable and

progressive pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2009;120:42-9.

206. Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Bonetto JHP, Siqueira R, Carraro CC, Donatti LM,

et al. Effects of aerobic exercise training on metabolism of nitric oxide and

endothelin-1 in lung parenchyma of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell

Mol Neurobiol 2017;429:73-89.

207. Colombo R, Siqueira R, Conzatti A, Seolin BGDL, Fernandes TRG, Godoy

AEG, et al. Exercise training contributes to H 2 O 2 /VEGF signaling in the lung of

rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol

2016;87:49-59.

208. Mcmillan EM, Marie-France P, Baechler BL, Graham DA, Rush JWE, Joe

Q. Autophagic signaling and proteolytic enzyme activity in cardiac and skeletal

muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats following chronic aerobic exercise. Plos

One 2015;10:e0119382.

209. Agarwal D, Dange RB, Vila J, Otamendi AJ, Francis J. Detraining

Differentially preserved beneficial effects of exercise on hypertension: effects on

blood pressure, cardiac function, brain inflammatory cytokines and oxidative Stress.

Plos One 2012;7:e52569.

210. Herrera NA, Jesus I, Shinohara AL, DionãSio TJ, Santos CF, Amaral SL.

Exercise training attenuates dexamethasone-induced hypertension by improving

autonomic balance to the heart, sympathetic vascular modulation and skeletal muscle

microcirculation. J Hypertens 2016;34:1967-76.

211. Buttler L, Jordão MT, Fragas MG, Ruggeri A, Ceroni A, Michelini LC.

Maintenance of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Hypertension: A Novel Benefit of

Exercise Training for Autonomic Control. Front Physiol 2017;8:1048.

212. Rodrigues JA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Soares LL, Leal TF, Nóbrega C, Pedrosa

DL, et al. Physical exercise and regulation of intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes

of hypertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018.

213. Shimojo GL, Silva Dias DD, Malfitano C, Sanches IC, Llesuy S, Ulloa L, et

al. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Improve Hypertension

Associated With Menopause. Front Physiol.

214. Fang Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ying W, Xiao D, Shi L. Aerobic exercise enhanced

endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries in spontaneously

hypertensive rats: the role of melatonin. Hypertens Res 2018.

215. Jr SS, Jara ZP, Peres R, Lima LS, Scavone C, Montezano AC, et al.

Temporal changes in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and remodeling induced

by exercise in hypertension: Role for local angiotensin II reduction. Plos One

2017;12:e0189535.

216. Zhencheng L, Ni L, Lijun S. Exercise training reverses alterations in Kv and

BKCa channel molecular expression in thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells from

spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Vasc Res 2014;51:447-57.

217. Carneiro-Júnior MA, Quintão-Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN,

Drummond FR, Amadeu MA, et al. The benefits of endurance training in

cardiomyocyte function in hypertensive rats are reversed within four weeks of

detraining. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013;57:119-28.

218. Petriz BA, Almeida JA, Gomes CPC, Pereira RW, Murad AM, Franco OL.

NanoUPLC/MS E proteomic analysis reveals modulation on left ventricle proteome

from hypertensive rats after exercise training. J Proteomics 2015;113:351-65.

219. Carneiro-Júnior MA, Pelúzio MCG, Silva CHO, Amorim PRS, Silva KA,

Souza MO, et al. Exercise training and detraining modify the morphological and

mechanical properties of single cardiac myocytes obtained from spontaneously

hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010;43:1042-6.

220. Danilo RC, Carneiro-Júnior MA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Silva KA, Quint?O-

Júnior JF, Antonio Ns G, et al. Chronic exercise partially restores the transmural

heterogeneity of action potential duration in left ventricular myocytes of spontaneous

hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012;39:155-7.

221. Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Lu N, Shi L. Aerobic exercise of low to

moderate intensity corrects unequal changes in BK(Ca) subunit expression in the

mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Res 2017;66:219-33.

222. Daisuke I, Osamu I, Pengyu C, Nobuyoshi M, Chihiro S, Yoshikazu M, et al.

Effects of exercise training on nitric oxide synthase in the kidney of spontaneously

hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013;40:74-82.

223. Masson GS, Costa TSR, Lidia Y, Fernandes DC, Soares PPS, Laurindo FR,

et al. Time-dependent effects of training on cardiovascular control in spontaneously

hypertensive rats: role for brain oxidative stress and inflammation and baroreflex

sensitivity. Plos One 2014;9:e94927.

224. Carneiro-Junior MA, Quintao-Junior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN,

Drummond FR, Amadeu MA, et al. Effect of exercise training on Ca(2)(+) release

units of left ventricular myocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol

Res 2014;47:960-5.

225. Lijun S, Hanmeng Z, Yu C, Yujia L, Ni L, Tengteng Z, et al. Chronic

exercise normalizes changes in Cav 1.2 and KCa 1.1 channels in mesenteric arteries

from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2015;172:1846-58.

226. Schaun MI, Marschner RA, Peres TR, Markoski MM, Lehnen AM. Aerobic

training prior to myocardial infarction increases cardiac GLUT4 and partially

preserves heart function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2017;42:334-7.

227. Roque FR, Briones AM, García-Redondo AB, María G, Sonia MR, Avenda?

O MS, et al. Aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular changes

of small mesenteric and coronary arteries in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol

2014;168:686-703.

228. Yan-Ping Z, Yang-Kai W, Yu D, Ru-Wen Z, Xing T, Wen-Jun Y, et al.

Exercise training lowers the enhanced tonically active glutamatergic input to the

rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats. Cns Neuroscience & Therapeutics

2013;19:244-51.

229. Blanco-Rivero J, Roque FR, Sastre E, Caracuel L, Couto GK, Avendaño MS,

et al. Aerobic exercise training increases neuronal nitric oxide release and

bioavailability and decreases noradrenaline release in mesenteric artery from

spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2013;31:916-26.

230. Ren CZ, Yang YH, Sun JC, Wu ZT, Zhang RW, Shen D, et al. Exercise

Training Improves the Altered Renin-Angiotensin System in the Rostral Ventrolateral

Medulla of Hypertensive Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev,2016,(2016-1-5)

2016;2016:7413963.

231. Li HB, Huo CJ, Su Q, Li X, Bai J, Zhu GQ, et al. Exercise training attenuates

proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and modulates neurotransmitters in the

rostral ventrolateral medulla of salt-induced hypertensive rats. Cell Physiol Biochem

2018;48:1369-81.

232. Huang C, Lin YY, Yang AL, Kuo TW, Kuo CH, Lee Sprauge-Dawley. Anti-

renal fibrotic effect of exercise training in hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:613.

233. Gu Q, Zhao L, Ma YP, Liu JD. Contribution of mitochondrial function to

exercise-induced attenuation of renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015;406:217-25.

234. Andrade LHSprauge-Dawley, Junior EHM, Antunes HKM, Montemor J,

Antonio EL, Bocalini DS, et al. Aerobic exercise training improves oxidative stress

and ubiquitin proteasome system activity in heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015;402:1-10.

235. Pagan LU, Damatto RL, Cezar MDM, Lima ARR, Camila B, Campos DHS,

et al. Long-term low intensity physical exercise attenuates heart failure development

in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;36:61-74.

236. Agarwal D, Elks CM, Reed Sprauge-Dawley, Mariappan N, Majid DS,

Francis J. Chronic exercise preserves renal structure and hemodynamics in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012;16:139.

237. Natali AJ, Fowler ED, Calaghan SC, White E. Voluntary exercise delays

heart failure onset in rats with pulmonary artery hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart

Circ Physiol 2015;309:H421.

238. Gilbert JS, Banek CT, Bauer AJ, Anne G, Karen N. Exercise training

attenuates placental ischemia-induced hypertension and angiogenic imbalance in the

rat. Hypertension 2012;60:1545.

239. Hiroko K, Nobuko K, Satoshi F, Masahiro M, Fumiyuki Y, Kazuko M, et al.

Effect of endurance exercise training on oxidative stress in spontaneously

hypertensive rats (SHR) after emergence of hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens

2010;32:407-15.

240. Mizuno M, Iwamoto GA, Vongpatanasin W, Mitchell JH, Smith SA.

Dynamic exercise training prevents exercise pressor reflex overactivity in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015;309:H762.

241. Mizuno M, Iwamoto GA, Vongpatanasin W, Mitchell JH, Smith SA.

Exercise training improves functional sympatholysis in spontaneously hypertensive

rats through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

2014;307:H242-51.

242. Faria TDO, Angeli JK, Mello LGM, Pinto GC, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV, et

al. A Single Resistance Exercise Session Improves Aortic Endothelial Function in

Hypertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017;108:228-36.

243. Silva TLTBD, Mota MM, Fontes MT, Araújo JEDS, Carvalho VO,

Bonjardim LR, et al. Effects of one resistance exercise session on vascular smooth

muscle of hypertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015;105:160-7.

244. Faria TDO, Targueta GP, Angeli JK, Almeida EAS, Stefanon I, Vassallo

DV, et al. Acute resistance exercise reduces blood pressure and vascular reactivity,

and increases endothelium-dependent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

European J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010;110:359-66.

245. Araujo AJ, Santos AC, Souza Kdos S, Aires MB, Santana-Filho VJ, Fioretto

ET, et al. Resistance training controls arterial blood pressure in rats with L-NAME-

induced hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013;100:339-46.

246. Shimojo GL, Palma RK, Brito JO, Sanches IC, Irigoyen MC, Angelis KD.

Dynamic resistance training decreases sympathetic tone in hypertensive

ovariectomized rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2015;48:523-7.

247. Neves RVP, Souza MK, Passos CS, Bacurau RFP, Simoes HG, Prestes J, et

al. Resistance training in spontaneously hypertensive rats with severe hypertension.

Arq Bras Cardiol 2016;106:201-9.

248. Rocha R, Peracoli JC, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC, Campos KE. Effect of

exercise on the maternal outcome in pregnancy of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Acta Cir Bras 2014;29:553-9.

249. Maia RC, Sousa LE, Santos RA, Silva ME, Lima WG, Campagnole-Santos

MJ, et al. Time-course effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and renal

parameters in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res

2015;48:1010-22.

250. Sousa LE, Magalhaes WG, Bezerra FS, Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ,

Isoldi MC, et al. Exercise training restores oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthases

in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of renovascular hypertensive rats. Free Radic Res

2015;49:1335-43.

251. Soares ER, Lima WG, Machado RP, Carneiro CM, Silva ME, Rodrigues

MC, et al. Cardiac and renal effects induced by different exercise workloads in

renovascular hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011;44:573-82.

252. Andréia Machado C, Fátima Husein A, Margarete Dulce B, Caroline Curry

M, Daniela Z, Roberta S, et al. Swimming training prevents alterations in ecto-

NTPDase and adenosine deaminase activities in lymphocytes from Nω-nitro-L-

arginine methyl ester hydrochloride induced hypertension rats. J Hypertens

2015;33:763-72.

253. Ogihara CA, Schoorlemmer GH, Levada AC, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Lopes

OU, et al. Exercise changes regional vascular control by commissural NTS in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol

2010;299:R291.

254. Plecevic S, Jakovljevic B, Savic M, Zivkovic V, Nikolic T, Jeremic J, et al.

Comparison of short-term and medium-term swimming training on cardiodynamics

and coronary flow in high salt-induced hypertensive and normotensive rats. Cell Mol

Neurobiol 2018:1-13.

255. Locatelli J, Ncn P, Shr C, Lavorato VN, Lhls G, Qjt C, et al. Swim training

attenuates the adverse remodeling of LV structural and mechanical properties in the

early compensated phase of hypertension. Life Sci 2017;187:42-9.

256. Maglione AV, Taranto P, Hamermesz B, Souza JS, Cafarchio EM, Ogihara

CA, et al. Impact of swimming exercise on inflammation in medullary areas of

sympathetic outflow control in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Metab Brain Dis

2018:1-12.

257. Jamille L, Carolina MA, Andréia CA, Maria José CS, Robson ADS, Mauro

César I. Swimming training promotes cardiac remodeling and alters the expression of

mRNA and protein levels involved in calcium handling in hypertensive rats. Life Sci

2014;117:67-74.

258. Andréia Machado C, Fátima Husein A, Margarete Dulce B, Caroline Curry

M, Fiorin FDS, Jucimara B, et al. Swimming training prevents alterations in

acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in hypertensive rats. Am J

Hypertens 2014;27:522.

259. Ogihara CA, Schoorlemmer GHM, Lazari MDFM, Giannocco G, Lopes OU,

Colombari E, et al. Swimming exercise changes hemodynamic responses evoked by

blockade of excitatory amino receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:487129.

260. Cheng M, Cong J, Wu Y, Xie J, Wang S, Zhao Y, et al. Chronic swimming

exercise ameliorates low-soybean-oil diet-induced spatial memory impairment by

enhancing bdnf-mediated synaptic potentiation in developing spontaneously

hypertensive rats. Neurochem Res 2018;43:1047.

261. Claudio ER, Almeida SA, Mengal V, Brasil GA, Santuzzi CH, Tiradentes

RV, et al. Swimming training prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction in

ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2017;50:e5495.

262. Endlich PW, Claudio ERG, Lima LCF, Junior RFR, Peluso AAB, Stefanon I,

et al. Exercise modulates the aortic renin-angiotensin system independently of

estrogen therapy in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. Peptides.

263. Gündüz F, Koçer G, Ulker S, Meiselman HJ, Başkurt OK, Sentürk UK.

Exercise training enhances flow-mediated dilation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Physiol Res 2011;60:589.

264. Lemos MDP, Mota GRD, Marocolo M, Sordi CCD, Chriguer RS, Neto OB.

Exercise training attenuates sympathetic activity and improves morphometry of

splenic arterioles in spontaneously hipertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018;110:263-

9.

265. Masaaki M, Hiroki Y, Mayuko F, Koji T, Masafumi O, Takao N, et al.

Exercise training alters left ventricular geometry and attenuates heart failure in dahl

salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2009;53:701-7.

266. Andrade GP, Cintra MM, Alves PM, Barbosa NO, Rc RES, Vj DDS, et al.

Remodeling of elastic layer of aortic artery after training by swimming in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013;238:7-11.

267. Octávio Barbosa N, Abate DTRS, Moacir Marocolo J, Mota GR, Orsatti FL,

Silva RCRE, et al. Exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic activity and

attenuates renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Sports Sci Med

2013;12:52.

268. Ren C, Qi J, Li W, Zhang J. The effect of moderate-intensity exercise on the

expression of HO-1 mRNA and activity of HO in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016;94:448-54.

269. Tiago F, Magalh?Es FC, Roque FR, M Ian P, Oliveira EM. Exercise training

prevents the microvascular rarefaction in hypertension balancing angiogenic and

apoptotic factors: role of microRNAs-16, -21, and -126. Hypertension 2012;59:513-

20.

270. Kilic-Erkek O, Mergen-Dalyanoglu M, Kilic-Toprak E, Ozkan S, Bor-

Kucukatay M, Turgut S. Exercise training and detraining process affects plasma

adiponectin level in healthy and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bratisl Lek Listy

2015;116:741.

271. Kilic-Erkek O, Kilic-Toprak E, Caliskan S, Ekbic Y, Akbudak IH,

Kucukatay V, et al. Detraining reverses exercise-induced improvement in blood

pressure associated with decrements of oxidative stress in various tissues in

spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015;412:209-19.

272. Kilic-Erkek O, Kilic-Toprak E, Kucukatay V, Bor-Kucukatay M. Exercise

training and detraining modify hemorheological parameters of spontaneously

hypertensive rats. Biorheology 2014;51:1-13.

273. Yu J, Zhang B, Su XL, Tie R, Chang P, Zhang XC, et al. Natriuretic peptide

resistance of mesenteric arteries in spontaneous hypertensive rat is alleviated by

exercise. Physiol Res 2016;65:209.

274. Endlich PW, Firmes LB, Gonçalves WLS, Gouvea SA, Moysés MR, Bissoli

NS, et al. Involvement of the atrial natriuretic peptide in the reduction of arterial

pressure induced by swimming but not by running training in hypertensive rats.

Peptides 2011;32:1706-12.

275. Zheng H, Sharma NM, Liu X, Patel KP. Exercise training normalizes

enhanced sympathetic activation from the paraventricular nucleus in chronic heart

failure: role of angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol

2012;303:R387.

276. Shen Y, Park JB, Lee SY, Han SK, Ryu PD. Exercise training normalizes

elevated firing rate of hypothalamic presympathetic neurons in heart failure rats. Am J

Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019;316:R110-R20.

277. Daisuke I, Osamu I, Nobuyoshi M, Pengyu C, Chihiro S, Yoshikazu M, et al.

Exercise training upregulates nitric oxide synthases in the kidney of rats with chronic

heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013;40:617-25.

278. Younss ATM, Cyril R, Lucas A, Alain L, Olivier C. Late exercise training

improves non-uniformity of transmural myocardial function in rats with ischaemic

heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2009;81:555-64.

279. Ichige MH, Santos CR, Jordão CP, Ceroni A, Negrão CE, Michelini LC.

Exercise training preserves vagal preganglionic neurones and restores

parasympathetic tonus in heart failure. J Physiol 2016;594:6241.

280. Kleiber AC, Hong ZHDS, Peuler JD, Patel KP. Exercise training normalizes

enhanced glutamate-mediated sympathetic activation from the PVN in heart failure.

American J Physiol 2008;294:R1863.

281. Scott BT, Christian H, Rolim NPL, Ormbostad AM, Martin H, Angela K, et

al. Effects of endurance training on detrimental structural, cellular, and functional

alterations in skeletal muscles of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Card

Fail.

282. Blumberg Y, Ertracht O, Gershon I, Bachner-Hinenzon N, Reuveni T, Atar

S. High-intensity training improves global and segmental strains in severe congestive

heart failure. J Card Fail 2017;23:392-402.

283. Bozi LH, Jannig PR, Rolim N, Voltarelli VA, Dourado PM, Wislã¸Ff U, et

al. Aerobic exercise training rescues cardiac protein quality control and blunts

endoplasmic reticulum stress in heart failure rats. J Cell Mol Med 2016;20:2208-12.

284. Masson GS, Borges JP, Da SP, Da NA, Tibiriçá E, Lessa MA. Effect of

continuous and interval aerobic exercise training on baroreflex sensitivity in heart

failure. Auton Neurosci 2016;197:9-13.

285. Gomes MJ, Martinez PF, Campos DH, Pagan LU, Bonomo C, Lima AR, et

al. Beneficial effects of physical exercise on functional capacity and skeletal muscle

oxidative stress in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure. Oxid Med Cell

Longev 2016;2016:8695716.

286. Nunes RB, Alves JP, Kessler LP, Dornelles AZ, Stefani GP, Lago PD.

Interval and continuous exercise enhances aerobic capacity and hemodynamic

function in CHF rats. Braz J Phys Ther 2015;19:257-63.

287. Satoshi K, Ichiro H, Tatsuo W. Central command dysfunction in rats with

heart failure is mediated by brain oxidative stress and normalized by exercise training.

J Physiol 2015;592:3917-31.

288. Jasenka K, Morten Andre HY, Marko L, Moreira JBN, Kari JR, Henning

Ofstad N, et al. Role of KATP channels in beneficial effects of exercise in ischemic

heart failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47:2504-12.

289. Calegari L, Mozzaquattro BB, Rossato DD, Quagliotto E, Ferreira JB,

Rasiafilho A, et al. Exercise training attenuates the pressor response evoked by

peripheral chemoreflex in rats with heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol

2016;94:979-86.

290. Couto GK, Paula SM, Gomes-Santos IL, Eduardo NOC, Rossoni LV.

Exercise training induces eNOS coupling and restores relaxation in coronary arteries

of heart failure rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.

291. Calegari L, Nunes RB, Mozzaquattro BB, Rossato DD, Lago PD. Exercise

training improves the IL-10/TNF-α cytokine balance in the gastrocnemius of rats with

heart failure. Braz J Phys Ther.

292. Nunes RB, Alves JP, Kessler LP, Pedro DL. Aerobic exercise improves the

inflammatory profile correlated with cardiac remodeling and function in chronic heart

failure rats. Clinics 2013;68:876-82.

293. Gomes-Santos IL, Fernandes T, Couto GK, Ferreira-Filho JC, Salemi VM,

Fernandes FB, et al. Effects of exercise training on circulating and skeletal muscle

renin-angiotensin system in chronic heart failure rats. PLoS One 2014;9:e98012.

294. Anne Berit J, Morten HY, Ragnhild RSR, Tomas SL, Ulrik WF. Aerobic

interval training partly reverse contractile dysfunction and impaired Ca2+ handling in

atrial myocytes from rats with post infarction heart failure. Plos One 2013;8:e66288.

295. Souza RW, Fernandez GJ, Cunha JP, Piedade WP, Soares LC, Souza PA, et

al. Regulation of cardiac microRNAs induced by aerobic exercise training during

heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015;309:H1629-41.

296. Ranjbar K, Ardakanizade M, Nazem F. Endurance training induces fiber

type-specific revascularization in hindlimb skeletal muscles of rats with chronic heart

failure. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017;20:90-8.

297. Chicco AJ, Mccune SA, Emter CA, Sparagna GC, Rees ML, Bolden DA, et

al. Low-intensity exercise training delays heart failure and improves survival in

female hypertensive heart failure rats. Hypertension 2008;51:1096-102.

298. Nunes RB, Tonetto M, ., Machado N, ., Chazan M, ., Heck TG, Veiga ABG,

et al. Physical exercise improves plasmatic levels of IL-10, left ventricular end-

diastolic pressure, and muscle lipid peroxidation in chronic heart failure rats. J Appl

Physiol (1985)2008;104:1641-7.

299. Jaenisch RB, Quagliotto E, Chechi C, Calegari L, Dos SF, Borghi-Silva A, et

al. Respiratory muscle training improves chemoreflex response, heart rate variability,

and respiratory mechanics in rats with heart failure. Can J Cardiol 2017;33:508-14.

300. Alves JP, Nunes RB, Ddc F, Stefani GP, Jaenisch RB, Lago PD. High-

intensity resistance training alone or combined with aerobic training improves

strength, heart function and collagen in rats with heart failure. Am J Transl Res

2017;9:5432-41.

301. Cho HS, Shin MS, Song W, Jun TW, Lim BV, Kim YP, et al. Treadmill

exercise alleviates short-term memory impairment in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced

Parkinson's rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2013;9:354-61.

302. da Costa RO, Gadelha-Filho CVJ, da Costa AEM, Feitosa ML, de Araujo

DP, de Lucena JD, et al. The treadmill exercise protects against dopaminergic neuron

loss and brain oxidative stress in parkinsonian rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev

2017;2017:2138169.

303. Choe MA, Koo BS, An GJ, Jeon S. Effects of treadmill exercise on the

recovery of dopaminergic neuron loss and muscle atrophy in the 6-ohda lesioned

Parkinson's disease rat model. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2012;16:305-12.

304. Lee JM, Kim TW, Park SS, Han JH, Shin MS, Lim BV, et al. Treadmill

Exercise improves motor function by suppressing purkinje cell loss in Parkinson

disease rats. Int Neurourol J 2018;22:S147-55.

305. Chen W, Qiao D, Liu X, Shi K. Treadmill exercise improves motor

dysfunction and hyperactivity of the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway in rats with

6-ohda-induced Parkinson's disease. Neural Plast 2017;2017:2583910.

306. Tajiri N, Yasuhara T, Shingo T, Kondo A, Yuan W, Kadota T, et al. Exercise

exerts neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's disease model of rats. Brain Res

2010;1310:200-7.

307. Dutra MF, Jaeger M, Ilha J, Kalil-Gaspar PI, Marcuzzo S, Achaval M.

Exercise improves motor deficits and alters striatal GFAP expression in a 6-OHDA-

induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2012;33:1137-44.

308. Chen YH, Kuo TT, Kao JH, Huang EY, Hsieh TH, Chou YC, et al. Exercise

ameliorates motor deficits and improves dopaminergic functions in the rat hemi-

Parkinson's model. Sci Rep 2018;8:3973.

309. Tuon T, Valvassori SS, Lopes-Borges J, Luciano T, Trom CB, Silva LA, et

al. Physical training exerts neuroprotective effects in the regulation of neurochemical

factors in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012;227:305-12.

310. Real CC, Garcia PC, Britto LRG. Treadmill Exercise Prevents Increase of

Neuroinflammation markers involved in the dopaminergic damage of the 6-OHDA

Parkinson's disease model. J Mol Neurosci 2017;63:36-49.

311. Real CC, Doorduin J, Kopschina Feltes P, Vallez Garcia D, de Paula Faria D,

Britto LR, et al. Evaluation of exercise-induced modulation of glial activation and

dopaminergic damage in a rat model of Parkinson's disease using [(11)C]PBR28 and

[(18)F]FDOPA PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017:271678X17750351.

312. Wang Z, Guo Y, Myers KG, Heintz R, Holschneider DP. Recruitment of the

prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in Parkinsonian rats following skilled aerobic

exercise. Neurobiol Dis 2015;77:71-87.

313. Dao AT, Zagaar MA, Levine AT, Alkadhi KA. Comparison of the effect of

exercise on late-phase LTP of the dentate gyrus and CA1 of Alzheimer's disease

model. Mol Neurobiol 2016;53:6859-68.

314. Alkadhi KA, Dao AT. Exercise decreases BACE and APP levels in the

hippocampus of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018;86:25-9.

315. Dao AT, Zagaar MA, Alkadhi KA. Moderate treadmill exercise protects

synaptic plasticity of the dentate gyrus and related signaling cascade in a rat model of

Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015;52:1067-76.

316. Dao AT, Zagaar MA, Salim S, Eriksen JL, Alkadhi KA. Regular exercise

prevents non-cognitive disturbances in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J

Neuropsychopharmacol 2014;17:593-602.

317. Lu Y, Dong Y, Tucker D, Wang R, Ahmed ME, Brann D, et al. Treadmill

exercise exerts neuroprotection and regulates microglial polarization and oxidative

stress in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J

Alzheimers Dis 2017;56:1469-84.

318. Kim BK, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Baek SB, Ko YC, Kim YP. Treadmill exercise

improves short-term memory by enhancing neurogenesis in amyloid beta-induced

Alzheimer disease rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2014;10:2-8.

319. Alkadhi KA, Dao AT. Effect of exercise and abeta protein infusion on long-

term memory-related signaling molecules in hippocampal areas. Mol Neurobiol 2018.

320. Ozbeyli D, Sari G, Ozkan N, Karademir B, Yuksel M, Cilingir Kaya OT, et

al. Protective effects of different exercise modalities in an Alzheimer's disease-like

model. Behav Brain Res 2017;328:159-77.

321. Esmaeili MH, Bahari B, Salari AA. ATP-sensitive potassium-channel

inhibitor glibenclamide attenuates HPA axis hyperactivity, depression- and anxiety-

related symptoms in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull

2018;137:265-76.

322. Wu C, Yang L, Tucker D, Dong Y, Zhu L, Duan R, et al. Beneficial Effects

of Exercise Pretreatment in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Rat Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc

2018;50:945-56.

323. Roh JH, Ko IG, Kim SE, Lee JM, Ji ES, Kim JH, et al. Treadmill exercise

ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced depression in rats. J Exerc Rehabil

2016;12:299-307.

324. Kim TW, Lim BV, Baek D, Ryu DS, Seo JH. Stress-induced depression is

alleviated by aerobic exercise through up-regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a

receptors in rats. Int Neurourol J 2015;19:27-33.

325. Luo L, Li C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Meng P, Wang Q. High-intensity interval

training on neuroplasticity, balance between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and

precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor in poststroke depression rats. J Stroke

Cerebrovasc Dis 2019;28:672-82.

326. Luo L, Li C, Du X, Shi Q, Huang Q, Xu X, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise

on BDNF/proBDNF expression in the ischemic hippocampus and depression recovery

of rats after stroke. Behav Brain Res 2019;362:323-31.

327. Hong YP, Lee HC, Kim HT. Treadmill exercise after social isolation

increases the levels of NGF, BDNF, and synapsin I to induce survival of neurons in

the hippocampus, and improves depression-like behavior. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem

2015;19:11-8.

328. Hodosy J, Ostatnikova D, Caganova M, Kovacsova M, Mikulajova M, Guller

L, et al. Physical activity induces depression-like behavior in intact male rats.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012;101:85-7.

329. Vitor-de-Lima SM, Medeiros LB, Benevides RDL, Dos Santos CN, Lima da

Silva NO, Guedes RCA. Monosodium glutamate and treadmill exercise: Anxiety-like

behavior and spreading depression features in young adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017:1-

9.

330. Salim S, Sarraj N, Taneja M, Saha K, Tejada-Simon MV, Chugh G.

Moderate treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in

rats. Behav Brain Res 2010;208:545-52.

331. Sciolino NR, Dishman RK, Holmes PV. Voluntary exercise offers anxiolytic

potential and amplifies galanin gene expression in the locus coeruleus of the rat.

Behav Brain Res 2012;233:191-200.

332. Hill LE, Droste SK, Nutt DJ, Linthorst AC, Reul JM. Voluntary exercise

alters GABA(A) receptor subunit and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 gene

expression in the rat forebrain. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:745-56.

333. Safakhah HA, Moradi Kor N, Bazargani A, Bandegi AR, Gholami Pourbadie

H, Khoshkholgh-Sima B, et al. Forced exercise attenuates neuropathic pain in chronic

constriction injury of male rat: an investigation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

J Pain Res 2017;10:1457-66.

334. Sumizono M, Sakakima H, Otsuka S, Terashi T, Nakanishi K, Ueda K, et al.

The effect of exercise frequency on neuropathic pain and pain-related cellular

reactions in the spinal cord and midbrain in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. J Pain

Res 2018;11:281-91.

335. Tian J, Yu T, Xu Y, Pu S, Lv Y, Zhang X, et al. Swimming training reduces

neuroma pain by regulating neurotrophins. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018;50:54-61.

336. Hou J, Nelson R, Nissim N, Parmer R, Thompson FJ, Bose P. Effect of

combined treadmill training and magnetic stimulation on spasticity and gait

impairments after cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2014;31:1088-106.

337. Galdino G, Romero TR, Silva JF, Aguiar DC, de Paula AM, Cruz JS, et al.

The endocannabinoid system mediates aerobic exercise-induced antinociception in

rats. Neuropharmacology 2014;77:313-24.

338. Saadati H, Sheibani V, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Darvishzadeh-Mahani F, Mazhari

S. Prior regular exercise reverses the decreased effects of sleep deprivation on brain-

derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus of ovariectomized female rats.

Regul Pept 2014;194-195:11-5.

339. Oh MJ, Seo TB, Kwon KB, Yoon SJ, Elzi DJ, Kim BG, et al. Axonal

outgrowth and Erk1/2 activation by training after spinal cord injury in rats. J

Neurotrauma 2009;26:2071-82.

340. Hayashibe M, Homma T, Fujimoto K, Oi T, Yagi N, Kashihara M, et al.

Locomotor improvement of spinal cord-injured rats through treadmill training by

forced plantar placement of hind paws. Spinal Cord 2016;54:521-9.

341. Shah PK, Gerasimenko Y, Shyu A, Lavrov I, Zhong H, Roy RR, et al.

Variability in step training enhances locomotor recovery after a spinal cord injury.

Eur J Neurosci 2012;36:2054-62.

342. Laird AS, Carrive P, Waite PM. Effect of treadmill training on autonomic

dysreflexia in spinal cord--injured rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23:910-20.

343. Cristante AF, Filho TE, Oliveira RP, Marcon RM, Ferreira R, Santos GB.

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord

injury in rats. Spinal Cord 2013;51:501-7.

344. Nicola FC, Rodrigues LP, Crestani T, Quintiliano K, Sanches EF, Willborn

S, et al. Human dental pulp stem cells transplantation combined with treadmill

training in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016;49:e5319.

345. Jung SY, Seo TB, Kim DY. Treadmill exercise facilitates recovery of

locomotor function through axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury in rats. J

Exerc Rehabil 2016;12:284-92.

346. Endo T, Ajiki T, Inoue H, Kikuchi M, Yashiro T, Nakama S, et al. Early

exercise in spinal cord injured rats induces allodynia through TrkB signaling.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;381:339-44.

347. Ichiyama R, Potuzak M, Balak M, Kalderon N, Edgerton VR. Enhanced

motor function by training in spinal cord contused rats following radiation therapy.

PLoS One 2009;4:e6862.

348. Mahjoub S, Ghadi A, Pourbagher R, Hajian-Tilaki K, Masrour-Roudsari J.

Effects of regular treadmill exercise on a DNA oxidative-damage marker and total

antioxidant capacity in rat hippocampal tissue. J Clin Neurol 2016;12:414-8.

349. Ilha J, Centenaro LA, Broetto Cunha N, de Souza DF, Jaeger M, do

Nascimento PS, et al. The beneficial effects of treadmill step training on activity-

dependent synaptic and cellular plasticity markers after complete spinal cord injury.

Neurochem Res 2011;36:1046-55.

350. Sun T, Ye C, Wu J, Zhang Z, Cai Y, Yue F. Treadmill step training promotes

spinal cord Neural Plast after incomplete spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res

2013;8:2540-7.

351. Wang H, Liu NK, Zhang YP, Deng L, Lu QB, Shields CB, et al. Treadmill

training induced lumbar motoneuron dendritic plasticity and behavior recovery in

adult rats after a thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2015;271:368-78.

352. Liu M, Bose P, Walter GA, Thompson FJ, Vandenborne K. A longitudinal

study of skeletal muscle following spinal cord injury and locomotor training. Spinal

Cord 2008;46:488-93.

353. Bose PK, Hou J, Parmer R, Reier PJ, Thompson FJ. Altered patterns of reflex

excitability, balance, and locomotion following spinal cord injury and locomotor

training. Front Physiol 2012;3:258.

354. Kao T, Shumsky JS, Murray M, Moxon KA. Exercise induces cortical

plasticity after neonatal spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurosci 2009;29:7549-57.

355. Chen Q, Xiao DS. Long-term aerobic exercise increases redox-active iron

through nitric oxide in rat hippocampus. Nitric Oxide 2014;36:1-10.

356. Sumiyoshi A, Taki Y, Nonaka H, Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Regional gray

matter volume increases following 7days of voluntary wheel running exercise: a

longitudinal VBM study in rats. Neuroimage 2014;98:82-90.

357. Gonzenbach RR, Gasser P, Zorner B, Hochreutener E, Dietz V, Schwab ME.

Nogo-A antibodies and training reduce muscle spasms in spinal cord-injured rats. Ann

Neurol 2010;68:48-57.

358. Liu G, Keeler BE, Zhukareva V, Houle JD. Cycling exercise affects the

expression of apoptosis-associated microRNAs after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp

Neurol 2010;226:200-6.

359. Itoh T, Imano M, Nishida S, Tsubaki M, Hashimoto S, Ito A, et al. Exercise

inhibits neuronal apoptosis and improves cerebral function following rat traumatic

brain injury. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011;118:1263-72.

360. Toldy A, Atalay M, Stadler K, Sasvari M, Jakus J, Jung KJ, et al. The

beneficial effects of nettle supplementation and exercise on brain lesion and memory

in rat. J Nutr Biochem 2009;20:974-81.

361. Sanches EF, Duran-Carabali LE, Tosta A, Nicola F, Schmitz F, Rodrigues A,

et al. Pregnancy swimming causes short- and long-term neuroprotection against

hypoxia-ischemia in very immature rats. Pediatr Res 2017;82:544-53.

362. Van Kummer BH, Cohen RW. Exercise-induced neuroprotection in the

spastic Han Wistar rat: the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biomed

Res Int 2015;2015:834543.

363. Uhlendorf TL, Van Kummer BH, Yaspelkis BB, Cohen RW.

Neuroprotective effects of moderate aerobic exercise on the spastic Han-Wistar rat, a

model of ataxia. Brain Res 2011;1369:216-22.

364. Lim BV, Shin MS, Lee JM, Seo JH. Treadmill exercise prevents GABAergic

neuronal loss with suppression of neuronal activation in the pilocarpine-induced

epileptic rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2015;11:80-6.

365. Mendonca FN, Santos LE, Rodrigues AM, Gomes da Silva S, Arida RM, da

Silveira GA, et al. Physical exercise restores the generation of newborn neurons in an

animal model of chronic epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2017;11:98.

366. Setkowicz Z, Kosonowska E, Kaczynska M, Gzielo-Jurek K, Janeczko K.

Physical training decreases susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures in the

injured rat brain. Brain Res 2016;1642:20-32.

367. de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Lopim GM, Vannucci Campos D,

Fernandes J, Cabral FR, et al. Physical exercise alters the activation of downstream

proteins related to BDNF-TrkB signaling in male Wistar rats with epilepsy. J

Neurosci Res 2018;96:911-20.

368. Kayacan Y, Tutkun E, Arslan G, Ayyildiz M, Agar E. The effects of

treadmill exercise on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Arch Med Sci

2016;12:935-40.

369. de Lima C, Arida RM, Andersen ML, Polesel DN, de Alvarenga TAF,

Vancini RL, et al. Effects of acute physical exercise in the light phase of sleep in rats

with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2017;136:54-61.

370. Peixinho-Pena LF, Fernandes J, de Almeida AA, Novaes Gomes FG,

Cassilhas R, Venancio DP, et al. A strength exercise program in rats with epilepsy is

protective against seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2012;25:323-8.

371. Kim JE, Shin MS, Seo TB, Ji ES, Baek SS, Lee SJ, et al. Treadmill exercise

ameliorates motor disturbance through inhibition of apoptosis in the cerebellum of

valproic acid-induced autistic rat pups. Mol Med Rep 2013;8:327-34.

372. Troib A, Guterman M, Rabkin R, Landau D, Segev Y. Endurance exercise

and growth hormone improve bone formation in young and growth-retarded chronic

kidney disease rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016;31:1270-9.

373. Oliveira CS, Rodrigues AM, Nogueira GB, Nascimento MA, Punaro GR,

Higa EM. Moderate aerobic exercise on the recovery phase of gentamicin-induced

acute kidney injury in rats. Life Sci 2017;169:37-42.

374. Wang M, Yu B, Westerlind K, Strange R, Khan G, Patil D, et al. Prepubertal

physical activity up-regulates estrogen receptor beta, BRCA1 and p53 mRNA

expression in the rat mammary gland. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;115:213-20.

375. Malicka I, Siewierska K, Pula B, Kobierzycki C, Haus D, Paslawska U, et al.

The effect of physical training on the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary

carcinogenesis of Sprague-Dawley rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015;240:1408-15.

376. Figueira ACC, Figueira MC, Silva C, Padrao A, Oliveira PA, Ferreira RP, et

al. Exercise training-induced modulation in microenvironment of rat mammary

neoplasms. Int J Sports Med 2018;39:885-92.

377. Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Vanderperren K, Saunders JH,

Pires MJ, et al. A contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic study about the impact of long-

term exercise training on mammary tumor vascularization. J Ultrasound Med

2017;36:2459-66.

378. Faustino-Rocha AI, Silva A, Gabriel J, Gil da Costa RM, Moutinho M,

Oliveira PA, et al. Long-term exercise training as a modulator of mammary cancer

vascularization. Biomed Pharmacother 2016;81:273-80.

379. Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Alvarado A, Neuparth MJ,

Ferreira R, et al. Effects of lifelong exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis

induced by MNU in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Clin Exp Med 2017;17:151-60.

380. Padrao AI, Figueira AC, Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Loureiro MM,

Neuparth MJ, et al. Long-term exercise training prevents mammary tumorigenesis-

induced muscle wasting in rats through the regulation of TWEAK signalling. Acta

Physiol (Oxf) 2017;219:803-13.

381. Camarillo IG, Clah L, Zheng W, Zhou X, Larrick B, Blaize N, et al. Maternal

exercise during pregnancy reduces risk of mammary tumorigenesis in rat offspring.

Eur J Cancer Prev 2014;23:502-5.

382. Jiang W, Zhu Z, Thompson HJ. Effects of physical activity and restricted

energy intake on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res

(Phila) 2009;2:338-44.

383. Theriau CF, Shpilberg Y, Riddell MC, Connor MK. Voluntary physical

activity abolishes the proliferative tumor growth microenvironment created by

adipose tissue in animals fed a high fat diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016;121:139-53.

384. Zhu Z, Jiang W, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Energetics and mammary

carcinogenesis: effects of moderate-intensity running and energy intake on cellular

processes and molecular mechanisms in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009;106:911-8.

385. Jiang W, Zhu Z, Thompson HJ. Effects of limiting energy availability via

diet and physical activity on mammalian target of rapamycin-related signaling in rat

mammary carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2013;34:378-87.

386. Zhu Z, Jiang W, Zacher JH, Neil ES, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Effects of

energy restriction and wheel running on mammary carcinogenesis and host systemic

factors in a rat model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012;5:414-22.

387. Demarzo MM, Martins LV, Fernandes CR, Herrero FA, Perez SE, Turatti A,

et al. Exercise reduces inflammation and cell proliferation in rat colon carcinogenesis.

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:618-21.

388. Perse M, Injac R, Strukelj B, Cerar A. Effects of high-fat mixed-lipid diet

and exercise on the antioxidant system in skeletal and cardiac muscles of rats with

colon carcinoma. Pharmacol Rep 2009;61:909-16.

389. Hagio M, Matsumoto M, Yajima T, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Voluntary wheel

running exercise and dietary lactose concomitantly reduce proportion of secondary

bile acids in rat feces. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010;109:663-8.

390. Lira FS, Yamashita A, Carnevali LC, Jr., Goncalves DC, Lima WP, Rosa JC,

et al. Exercise training reduces PGE2 levels and induces recovery from steatosis in

tumor-bearing rats. Horm Metab Res 2010;42:944-9.

391. Donatto FF, Neves RX, Rosa FO, Camargo RG, Ribeiro H, Matos-Neto EM,

et al. Resistance exercise modulates lipid plasma profile and cytokine content in the

adipose tissue of tumour-bearing rats. Cytokine 2013;61:426-32.

392. Salomao EM, Toneto AT, Silva GO, Gomes-Marcondes MC. Physical

exercise and a leucine-rich diet modulate the muscle protein metabolism in Walker

tumor-bearing rats. Nutr Cancer 2010;62:1095-104.

ars.els-cdn.com · web view1st week, the animals exercised in the water, no overload, over 10–50...

Documents