ars.els-cdn.com · web view1state key laboratory of metal matrix composites, shanghai jiao tong...
TRANSCRIPT
Simultaneously enhancing the strength, ductility and conductivity of copper matrix composites with graphene nanoribbons
Ming Yang1, Lin Weng1, Hanxing Zhu2, Tongxiang Fan1*, Di Zhang1
1State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
2School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
*Corresponding author. Tel: +86-21-54747779. E-mail: [email protected] (Tongxiang Fan)
Fig. S1. (a) High-resolution SEM and (b) TEM images of raw MWCNTs.
Fig. S2. Images demonstrating the fabrication process of bulk Cu/GNR composites: (a) GNR dispersions. (b) Cu slurry dispersed in ethanol solutions. (c) The sendiment of Cu/GNR mixtures after co-blending, the upper supernatant is pure ethanol. (d) Dried Cu/GNR mixture powders. (e) As-SPSed Cu/GNR disks with a diameter of 28mm. (f) As-rolled plates of Cu/GNR composites.
Table S1. The amount of chemicals for preparation of Cu/GNR composite powders.
GNR Volume fraction (%)
GNR dispersion
Cu powder dispersion
GNR (g)
Ethanol (mL)
Cu powder (g)
Ethanol (mL)
0.5
0.024
240
20
2000
1.0
0.048
480
20
2000
3.0
0.144
1440
20
2000
Note: The density of GNR is 2.0 g cm-3 and the density of Cu is 8.96 g cm-3.
Fig. S3. (a-b) TEM images and (c) the corresponding SAED pattern of an individual GNR. (c) HRTEM image of the edge of a single-layered GNR.
Fig. S4. FTIR spectra of GNRs and raw MWCNTs. Chemical oxidation imparts a large number of epoxide, hydroxyl and carbonxyl groups to GNR surfaces, as designated.
Fig. S5. (a) SEM image of Cu/GNR composites. Arrows indicate the embedded GNRs. (b-c) the corresponding EDS elemental mapping of copper and carbon, repstively.
Fig. S6. Bending load-displacement curves of neat Cu and Cu/GNRs.
Table S2. Change in yield strength (σs) and failure strain (εb), and electrical conductance (κ) for different copper-matrix composites, with comparison to those of the matrix.
Reinforcement
Fraction
Change in σs
Change in εb
κ [IACS%]
Reference
GNRs
0 vol.%
--
--
90.2%
This Work
0.5 vol.%
32.3%
3.3%
93.9%
1.0 vol.%
55.4%
30.4%
94.6%
3.0 vol.%
126.9%
-13.1%
92.6%
um-SiC
10 vol.%
27.2%
-18%
82.63%
Mater. Lett. 2003, 57, 4583-4591
nano-SiC
4 vol.%
35%
--
--
Mater. Design 2013, 52, 881-887
TiB2
3.5 wt.%
54.8%
-71.9%
64.3%
Mater. Lett. 2002, 52, 448-452
TiC
5 vol.%
100.6%
-79%
78.6%
Mater. Design 2016, 92, 58-63
Al2O3
5 vol.%
88%
-77.5
80%
J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 682, 590-593
Si3N4
whisker
5 vol.%
10.7%
--
--
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2014, 607, 287-293
10 vol.%
23.9%
--
--
15 vol.%
9.4%
--
--
Ternary carbides
5 vol.%
94.8%
--
86.9%
Scr. Mater. 2009, 60, 976-979
10 vol.%
83.8%
--
76.1%
20 vol.%
60.6%
--
50.7%
SiC fiber
13 wt.%
116.3%
-42.6%
85%
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2007, 449-451, 778-781
SWCNTs
5 vol.%
30.4%
-25%
83.6%
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2016, 675, 82-91
DWCNTs
0.5 vol%
10%
12.7%
93-97%
Carbon 2016, 96, 212-215
MWCNTs
5 vol.%
83.3%
-47%
80.5%
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2009, 513-514, 247-253
10 vol.%
167.5%
-87%
72.6%
15 vol.%
185%
-93.7%
71.8%
Fig. S7. Orientation distribution function sections depicting the component of textures: (a) unreinfored Cu with strong copper type , Brass type and weak S-type textures, and (b) Cu/1%GNRs with Brass type and S-type textures.
2