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Supporting Information
Spatio-vertical characterization of BTEXS group of VOCs in Chinese agricultural soils
ChenyeXu,a,bXinmengLin,b Shanshan Yin,bKai Liu,cWeipingLiu,b*
a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
b Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
c Division of Engineering and Applied Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories
California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, California
91125, USA
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (W. Liu).
S16
TABLES
Table S1 Geographical coordinates of soil sampling points across China (a) in 2013; (b) in 2016
No.
Province
Sampling points
Longitude
Latitude
Elevation
(m)
Soil texture
1
Liao Ning
An Shan (Da Gushan Town)
123
41.01
64
Clay loam
2
Tie Ling (Fan He Village)
123.77
42.22
70
Clay loam
3
Da Lian (Lian Shan Town)
122.24
39.6
54
Clay loam
4
Shen Yang (Shen Yang Agricultural University)
123.57
41.82
69
Clay loam
5
Jiang Su
Chang Zhou
120.14
31.74
11
Clay loam
6
Wu Xi
120.43
31.52
7
Clay loam
7
Yang Zhou
119.25
32.29
10
Clay loam
8
Nan Jing
118.86
32.31
14
Clay loam
9
Jiang Xi
Ying Tan
116.97
28.3
51
Clay loam
10
Nan Chang
115.7
28.61
49
Clay loam
11
Shang Hai
Song Jiang
121.1
30.98
10
Clay loam
12
Shan Xi
Yang Quan
113.46
37.85
791
Sandy clay loam
13
Xin Zhou
112.68
38.42
1574
Sandy clay loam
14
Shuo Zhou
112.58
39.34
1089
Sandy clay loam
15
Lv Liang
111.13
37.52
954
Sandy clay loam
16
Tai Yuan (Pu Yuan)
112.45
37.71
800
Sandy clay loam
17
Tibet
Lin Zhi (Ba Yi Town)
94.35
29.64
3000
Sandy loam
18
Shaan Xi
Xi An (Lin Tong)
109.27
34.39
487
Silty loam
19
An Kang
108.63
32.6
472
Silty loam
20
Shang Luo (Zhao Shui County)
109.11
33.67
775
Silty loam
21
Bao Ji
107.11
34.35
613
Sandy clay loam
22
Yu Lin (Ding Bian)
107.58
37.63
1359
Clay loam
23
Yu Lin (Sui De)
110.24
37.57
847
Clay loam
24
An Hui
Chu Zhou
118.28
32.12
16
Clay loam
25
Huan Nan
116.66
32.62
26
Clay loam
26
Huang Shan
118.26
29.69
57
Clay loam
27
He Fei
117.1
32.14
37
Clay loam
28
Fu Yang
115.66
33.22
22
Clay loam
29
Hu Nan
Shao Yang
111.44
27.2
277
Clay loam
30
Heng Yang (Nan Yue)
112.73
27.25
94
Clay
31
Huai Hua
109.97
27.52
271
Clay loam
32
Yue Yang
113.25
29.11
55
Clay loam
33
Chang Sha (Yue Lu)
113.08
28.31
55
Clay loam
34
Fu Jian
Fu Zhou (Chang Le)
119.47
25.96
4
Clay
35
Zhang Zhou (Zhang Pu)
117.64
23.96
26
Clay
36
Xia Men (Hai Cang)
117.95
24.55
14
Clay
37
Pu Tian (Han Jiang)
119.47
25.46
7
Clay
38
Ning De (Xia Pu)
120.02
26.88
15
Clay
39
GuiZhou
An Shun (Zhen Ning)
105.57
26.02
971
Clay loam
40
Gui Yang
106.75
26.41
1120
Clay loam
41
Kai Li (Lei Shan)
108.04
26.57
798
Clay loam
42
Guang Xi
Yu Lin (Bei Liu)
110.13
22.72
83
Clay loam
43
Wu Zhou (Cen Xi)
111.24
23.08
120
Clay loam
44
Bai Se (Tian Dong)
107.33
22.72
81
Clay loam
45
NanNing (Liang Qing)
108.21
22.77
46
Clay loam
46
Yun Nan
Kun Ming (Yi Liang)
102.99
24.85
1791
Clay loam
47
Wen Shan (Yan Shan)
104.35
23.61
1441
Clay loam
48
Qu Jing (Ma Long)
103.57
25.43
2044
Clay loam
49
Kun Ming (Shi Lin)
103.29
24.77
1566
Clay loam
50
Wen Shan (Fu Ning)
105.61
23.62
1253
Clay loam
51
Hu Bei
En Shi
109.48
30.24
548
Clay loam
52
Yi Chang
111.3
30.2
147
Clay
53
Jin Zhou
112.34
30.36
42
Clay loam
54
Xian Tao
113.42
30.35
86
Clay
55
Xian Ning (Xian An)
114.15
29.83
45
Clay
56
Wu Han
114.25
30.43
42
Clay loam
57
Guang Dong
Zhao Qing (Gao Yao)
112.57
23.03
20
Clay loam
58
Chao Zhou (Xiang Qiao)
116.74
23.64
9
Clay loam
59
Shan Wei (Cheng Qu)
115.37
22.82
15
Clay loam
60
Guang Zhou (Shun De)
113.16
22.85
12
Clay loam
61
Ning Xia
Yin Chuan
106.02
38.45
1132
Sandy clay loam
62
Zhong Wei
105.15
36.94
1721
Clay loam
63
Bei Jing
Fang Shan
116.67
39.66
20
Clay loam
64
Huai Rou
116.59
40.28
23
Clay loam
65
Hai Nan
Baisha County
109.116
19.52295
72
Clay loam
66
Chengmai County Fushan Town
107.797
19.8859
48
Clay loam
67
Shan Rong
108.941
18.94523
410
Clay loam
68
Huangzhu Town
Baitang Elementary School
110.41
19.4435
126
Sandy clay loam
69
Le Dongwanchong
109.268
18.78424
184
Clay loam
70
QionghaiShangyong
Middle School
110.521
19.22816
76
Clay loam
72
He Bei
Cang Zhou
116.8
38.26
6
Sandy clay loam
Shan Dong
Tai An
116.41
35.98
44
Clay loam
73
Ji Nan (Chang Qing)
116.72
36.48
56
Clay loam
74
He Ze
115.64
35.51
40
Clay loam
75
Ji Ning
116.21
35.68
43
Clay loam
76
De Zhou
116.37
37.37
16
Clay loam
77
Zi Bo
117.93
36.78
51
Clay loam
78
Zhe Jiang
Jia Xing (Ping Hu)
120.97
30.68
7
Clay loam
79
Qu Zhou (Long You)
119.52
29.62
60
Clay loam
80
Jin Hua (Wu Yi)
119.82
28.9
62
Clay loam
81
Li Shui (Lian Du)
119.94
28.87
92
Clay loam
82
Wen Zhou (Rui An)
120.6
27.78
13
Clay loam
83
Hang Zhou (Yu Hang)
119.96
30.35
10
Clay loam
84
Gan Su
Bai Yin
104.26
36.54
1643
Sandy clay loam
85
Ding Xi
104.63
35.58
1877
Sandy loam
86
Lan Zhou
104.2
35.9
1794
Sandy clay loam
87
He Nan
Kai Feng
114.31
34.85
74
Clay loam
88
Luo Yang
112.49
34.57
157
Clay loam
89
Ping Dingshan
113.13
33.82
107
Clay loam
90
Zhou Kou
114.67
33.57
37
Clay loam
91
Zheng Zhou
113.55
34.84
111
Clay loam
92
Si Chuan
Da Zhou
107.44
31.01
318
Clay loam
93
Guang An City Xingren Town
107.02
30.04
308
Clay loam
94
Mianyang
104.55
31.54
517
Clay loam
Pan Zhihua
101.06
26.59
1161
Clay loam
95
He Bei
Bao Ding (Qing Yuan)
115.48
38.73
4
Clay loam
96
Shi Jiangzhuang
114.51
38.2
81
Clay loam
97
Zhang Jiakou
114.92
40.7
347
Clay loam
98
Cheng De
117.95
40.91
211
Clay loam
99
Chong Qing
Shi Zhu
108.07
29.61
521
Clay loam
100
Chong Qing city
106.7
29.77
350
Clay loam
101
Tian Jin
Jing Wu
117.09
39.03
16
Clay
102
Hei Long Jiang
Hei He
127.46
50.25
164
Clay
103
Harbin
126.56
45.84
118
Clay
104
Qiqihar
123.97
47.4
148
Clay
105
Ji Lin
Bai Cheng
122.79
45.64
156
Clay loam
106
Ji Lin City
126.8
43.94
248
Clay loam
107
Xin Jiang
Urumqi
87.64
43.96
604
Sandy loam
108
Jiang Xi
Ji An
114.72
26.86
74
Clay loam
109
Nei Meng Gu
Hohehot
111.79
40.75
1063
Sandy loam
110
Tong Liao
121.22
43.35
263
Sandy clay loam
111
Qing Hai
Qinghai 1
101.67
36.51
2510
Sandy clay loam
112
Qinghai 2
101.69
36.53
2468
Sandy clay loam
113
Qinghai 3
101.67
36.5
2523
Sandy clay loam
114
Qinghai 4
101.69
36.53
2454
Sandy clay loam
(a)
No.
Province
Sampling points
Longitude
Latitude
Elevation(m)
Soil texture
1
Zhe Jiang
Lin An
119.204
30.164
100
Clay loam
2
Jia Xing
120.417
30.694
-10
Clay loam
3
Shao Xing
120.837
29.974
-15
Clay loam
4
Tai Zhou
121.8374
28.92
-8
Clay loam
5
Wen Zhou
121.038
28.2086
8
Clay loam
6
Jiang Xi
Jing Dezhen
117.3255
29.325
80
Clay loam
7
Jiu Jiang
116.0941
29.743
30
Clay loam
8
Nan Chang
116.291
28.328
27
Clay loam
9
Ying Tan
116.965
28.298
29
Clay loam
10
Shang Rao
117.828
28.386
85
Clay loam
11
Hu Bei
Huang Shi
115.1175
30.246
-30
Clay
12
Wu Han
114.039
30.402
30
Clay loam
13
Jin Zhou
112.344
30.361
-30
Clay loam
14
Yi Chang
111.321
30.754
80
Clay
15
En Shi
109.66
30.465
850
Clay loam
16
Chong Qin
Wan Zhou
108.3675
30.873
350
Clay loam
17
Tong Nan
105.755
30.2083
245
Clay loam
18
Chang Shou
107.14
29.838
222
Clay loam
19
Pei Ling
107.327
29.62
406
Clay loam
20
Si Chuan
Da Zhou
107.525
31.281
290
Clay loam
21
Ba Zhong
106.871
31.842
360
Clay loam
22
Pan Zhihua
101.84
26.576
999
Clay loam
23
Liang Shan
102.28
27.885
1512
Clay loam
24
YaAn
102.94
29.951
697
Clay loam
25
Le Shan
103.578
29.613
415
Clay loam
26
Sui Ning
105.517
30.535
308
Clay loam
27
Shaan Xi
Han Zhong
109.111
33.078
500
Silty loam
28
An Kang
108.916
32.747
350
Silty loam
29
Xi An
109.289
34.393
410
Silty loam
30
Bao Ji
107.112
34.351
600
Sandy clay loam
31
Sui De
110.191
37.5425
840
Clay loam
32
Gan Su
Tian Shui
106.259
34.328
1520
Sandy clay loam
33
Ding Xi
104.646
35.581
1920
Sandy loam
34
Lan Zhou
103.822
36.113
1590
Sandy clay loam
35
Bai Yin
104.154
36.525
1590
Sandy loam
36
Ning Xia
Zhong Wei
105.695
37.465
1180
Clay loam
37
Wu Zhong
106.161
36.524
1110
Sandy loam
38
Yin Chuan
106.293
38.388
1120
Sandy clay loam
39
Shan Xi
Lv Liang
111.094
37.5
860
Sandy clay loam
40
Tai Yuan
112.448
37.713
790
Sandy clay loam
41
Yang Quan
113.368
37.862
900
Sandy clay loam
42
Qi Zhou
112.752
38.605
870
Sandy clay loam
43
Su Zhou
112.777
39.217
950
Sandy clay loam
44
He Bei
Shi Jiazhuang
114.354
38.093
20
Sandy clay loam
45
Bao Ding
115.538
38.799
10
Sandy clay loam
46
Zhang Jiakou
114.9075
40.699
80
Sandy clay loam
47
Cheng De
117.702
40.932
150
Sandy clay loam
48
Cang Zhou
116.653
38.059
20
Sandy clay loam
49
Bei Jing
Huai Rou
116.744
40.2775
50
Clay loam
50
Tian Jin
Jing Wu
116.878
38.697
0
Clay loam
51
Shan Dong
De Zhou
116.379
37.421
30
Sandy clay loam
52
Ji Nan
116.878
38.6975
10
Sandy clay loam
53
Zi Bo
117.95
36.791
80
Sandy clay loam
54
Tai An
116.439
36.094
70
Sandy clay loam
55
Ji Ning
116.652
35.502
50
Clay loam
56
He Ze
115.582
35.217
50
Sandy clay loam
57
He Nan
Kai Feng
114.558
34.847
50
Clay loam
58
Zheng Zhou
113.515
34.848
70
Clay loam
59
Luo Yang
112.504
34.577
70
Clay loam
60
Ping Dingshan
113.3
33.684
90
Clay loam
61
Luo He
114.113
33.572
40
Clay loam
62
An Hui
Huang Shan
118.326
29.693
150
Clay loam
63
Fu Yang
115.878
32.946
40
Clay loam
64
Huai Nan
117.059
32.066
20
Clay loam
65
He Fei
117.945
32.0075
40
Clay loam
66
Jiang Su
Nan Jing
119.066
32.066
60
Clay loam
67
Zhen Jiang
119.265
32.03
50
Clay loam
68
Wu Xi
120.077
31.786
10
Clay loam
69
Su Zhou
120.672
31.211
0
Clay loam
70
Ning De
120.355
26.883
11
Clay
71
Fu Jian
Fu Zhou
119.55
26.134
5
Clay
72
Pu Tian
119.156
25.469
8
Clay
73
Zhang Zhou
118.004
24.349
5
Clay
74
Xia Men
118.241
24.589
26
Clay
75
Guangdong
Chao Zhou
116.889
23.701
15
Clay
76
Guang Xi
Bei Hai
109.658
21.656
19
Clay loam
77
Nan Ning
108.65
22.857
12
Clay loam
78
He Chi
108.601
25.138
62
Clay loam
79
Yun Nan
Qu Jing
104.342
24.922
1472
Clay loam
80
Kun Ming
103.282
24.853
1866
Clay loam
81
Chu Xiong
101.522
25.072
1813
Clay loam
82
Da Li
100.225
25.573
2041
Clay loam
83
Gui Zhou
Qian Nan
107.507
26.188
768
Clay loam
84
Gui Yang
106.661
26.365
1101
Clay loam
85
An Shun
105.591
25.934
1082
Clay loam
86
Qian Xi
104.944
25.063
1182
Clay loam
87
Hu Nan
Huai Hua
110.059
27.586
254
Clay loam
88
Shao Yang
111.504
27.414
328
Clay loam
89
Lou Di
112.034
27.6475
117
Clay
90
Chang Sha
112.8175
29.5
45
Clay loam
91
Yue Yang
112.896
29.48
30
Clay loam
92
Hai Nan
Hai Kou
110.166
20.039
21
Clay loam
93
Qiong Hai
110.442
19.272
22
Clay loam
94
Ji Lin
Song Yuan
124.19
44.11
210
Sandy clay loam
95
Si Ping
124.416
43.091
227
Clay loam
96
Ji Lin
126.63
43.9
287
Clay loam
97
Chang Chun
125.1
43.89
194
Clay loam
98
Bai Shan
127.79
42.52
735
Clay loam
99
Qiqihaer
124.02
47.41
147
Sandy loam
100
Xin Jiang
Kelamayi
85.12
45.629
268
Sandy loam
101
Bei Tun
87.62
47.327
315
Sandy clay loam
102
Bayinguole
86.08
41.789
926
Sandy loam
103
Ta Cheng
86.99
46.5
728
Sandy loam
104
Shan Nan
28.57
90.56
4242
Sandy loam
105
Tibet
La Sa
91.1951
29.72
3901
Sandy loam
106
Hulu island
120.391
40.93
350
Clay loam
107
Liao Ning
Tie Ling
123.7049
42.13
63
Clay loam
108
Da Lian
121.871
39.89
56
Clay loam
109
An Shan
122.815
41.05
15
Clay loam
110
Chao Yang
119.481
41.84
584
Clay loam
111
Shen Yang
123.092
42.46
70
Clay loam
(b)
Table S2 Linear equations and correlation coefficients
Compound
Linear equation
R2
Benzene
Y=1342.5164X-2706.1183
0.9999
Toluene
Y=1988.0381X+1309.6534
0.9991
Ethylbenzene
Y=2867.5320X+5896.5085
0.9990
x,y’-xylene
Y=4828.1014X-1424.2679
0.9993
o’-xylene
Y=2540.8167X-368.5533
0.9990
Styrene
Y=1582.5472X+11122.0117
0.9991
Table S3LOD, LOQ, MDL (ng/g) and Average recoveries (expressed as percent) of target compounds in spiking soil samples
benzene
toluene
ethylbenzene
m,p’-xylene
o’-xylene
styrene
LOD
0.175
0.068
0.048
0.067
0.034
0.104
LOQ
0.583
0.225
0.161
0.222
0.113
0.347
MDL
1.437
1.768
1.660
1.886
2.095
1.765
Average recovery (%) ± SD
89.1±7.78
83.6±6.31
104.1±2.90
82.2±3.08
96.4±8.57
72.2±3.00
FIGURES
(20132016)
Fig. S1 Soil sampling points from (a) 2013; (b) 2016
Fig. S2 Core samples (n= 150) points from 2016
Fig. S3BTEXS seperation in GC/MS
(2016) (2013)
Fig. S4Fraction distribution of individual BTEXS (a) 2013 (b) 2016 in rural areas across China
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