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Supplemental Online File: “Landscape-scale impacts on and of family forest owners: A review” This is a reference list for the 456 papers included in the NVivo literature review. Acheampong, E., Insaidoo, T. F. G., & Ros-Tonen, M. A. F. (2016). Management of Ghana's modified taungya system: challenges and strategies for improvement. Agroforestry Systems, 90(4), 659-674. doi - 10.1007/s10457-016-9946-7 Adams, C., Rodrigues, S.T., Calmon, M., & Kumar, C. (2016). Impacts of large-scale forest restoration on socioeconomic status and local livelihoods: what we know and do not know. Biotropica, 48(6), 731-744. doi - 10.1111/btp.12385 Afroz, S., Cramb, R., & Grunbuhel, C. (2016). Ideals and institutions: Systemic reasons for the failure of a social forestry program in southwest Bangladesh. Geoforum, 77, 161-173. doi - /10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.11.001 Aguilar, T. X., Cai, Z., & Butler, B. (2017). Proximal association of land management preferences: Evidence from family forest owners. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0169667. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0169667 Ahmed, S., Stepp, J.R., Toleno, R. A. J., & Peters, C. M. (2010). Increased market integration, value, and ecological knowledge of tea agroforests in the Akha Highlands of southwest China. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 27. doi - 10.5751/ES-03728-150427 Alig, R. J., Zheng, D., Spies, T. A., & Butler, B. J. (2000). Forest cover dynamics in the Pacific Northwest west side: Regional trends and projections. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-552. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 22 p. Alig, R. J., Adams, D., Mills, J., Haynes, R., Ince, P., & Moulton, R. (2001). Alternative projections of the impacts of private investment on southern forests: A comparison of two large-scale forest sector models of the United States. Silva Fennica, 35(3), 265-276. Alig, R. J., Mills, J., & Butler, B. (2002). Private timberlands: Growing demands, shrinking land base. Journal of Forestry, 100(2), 32-37. 1

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Page 1: ars.els-cdn.com€¦  · Web viewSupplemental Online File: “Landscape-scale impacts on and of family forest owners: A review” This is a reference list for the 456 papers included

Supplemental Online File: “Landscape-scale impacts on and of family forest owners: A review”This is a reference list for the 456 papers included in the NVivo literature review.

Acheampong, E., Insaidoo, T. F. G., & Ros-Tonen, M. A. F. (2016). Management of Ghana's modified taungya system: challenges and strategies for improvement. Agroforestry Systems, 90(4), 659-674. doi - 10.1007/s10457-016-9946-7

Adams, C., Rodrigues, S.T., Calmon, M., & Kumar, C. (2016). Impacts of large-scale forest restoration on socioeconomic status and local livelihoods: what we know and do not know. Biotropica, 48(6), 731-744. doi - 10.1111/btp.12385

Afroz, S., Cramb, R., & Grunbuhel, C. (2016). Ideals and institutions: Systemic reasons for the failure of a social forestry program in southwest Bangladesh. Geoforum, 77, 161-173. doi - /10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.11.001

Aguilar, T. X., Cai, Z., & Butler, B. (2017). Proximal association of land management preferences: Evidence from family forest owners. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0169667. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0169667

Ahmed, S., Stepp, J.R., Toleno, R. A. J., & Peters, C. M. (2010). Increased market integration, value, and ecological knowledge of tea agroforests in the Akha Highlands of southwest China. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 27. doi - 10.5751/ES-03728-150427

Alig, R. J., Zheng, D., Spies, T. A., & Butler, B. J. (2000). Forest cover dynamics in the Pacific Northwest west side: Regional trends and projections. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-552. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 22 p.

Alig, R. J., Adams, D., Mills, J., Haynes, R., Ince, P., & Moulton, R. (2001). Alternative projections of the impacts of private investment on southern forests: A comparison of two large-scale forest sector models of the United States. Silva Fennica, 35(3), 265-276.

Alig, R. J., Mills, J., & Butler, B. (2002). Private timberlands: Growing demands, shrinking land base. Journal of Forestry, 100(2), 32-37.

Alig, R. J. & Butler, B. J. (2004). Projecting large-scale area changes in land use and land cover for terrestrial carbon analyses. Environmental Management, 33(4), 443-456. doi - 10.1007/s00267-003-9102-9

Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., Rahayu Utami, S., & Veldkamp, E. (2016). Spatial variability surpasses land-use change effects on soil biochemical properties of converted lowland landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia. Geoderma, 284, 42-50. doi - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.010

Anderson, N. M., Germain, R. H., & Hall, M. H. (2012). An assessment of forest cover and impervious surface area on family forests in the New York City watershed. Northern Journal of Applied Forests, 29(2), 67-73. doi - 10.5849/njaf.11-009

Ango, T. G., Börjeson, L., Senbeta, F., & Hylander, K. (2014). Balancing ecosystem services and disservices: Smallholder farmers' use and management of forest and trees in an agricultural landscape in southwestern Ethiopia. Ecology and Society, 19(1), 30. doi - 10.5751/ES-06279-190130

Ango, T. G., Börjeson, L., & Senbeta, F. (2017). Crop raiding by wild mammals in Ethiopia: impacts on the livelihoods of smallholders in an agriculture-forest mosaic landscape. Oryx, 51(3), 527-537. doi - 10.1017/S0030605316000028

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Araujo, C., Bonjean, C. A., Combes, J.- L., Motel, P. C., & Reis, E. J. (2009). Property rights and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecological Economics, 68(8-9), 2461-2468. doi - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.12.015

Armesto, J. J, Smith-Ramirez, C., & Rozzi, R. (2001). Conservation strategies for biodiversity and indigenous people in Chilean forest ecosystems. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31(4), 865-877. doi - 10.1080/03014223.2001.9517681

Asaah, E. K., Tchoundjeu, Z., Leakey, R. R. B., Takousting, B., Njong, J., & Edang, I. (2011). Trees, agroforestry and multifunctional agriculture in Cameroon. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 9(1), 110-119. doi - 10.3763/ijas.2010.0553

Asante, W. A., Acheampong, E., Kyereh, E., & Kyereh, B. (2017). Farmers' perspectives on climate change manifestations in smallholder cocoa farms and shifts in cropping systems in the forest-savannah transitional zone of Ghana. Land Use Policy, 66, 374-381. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.010

Asare, R. A., Kyei, A., & Mason, J. J. (2013). The community resource management area mechanism: a strategy to manage African forest resources for REDD+. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368, 20120311. doi - 10.1098/rstb.2012.0311

Azhar, B., Saadun, N., Prideaux, M., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2017). The global palm oil sector must change to save biodiversity and improve food security in the tropics. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 457-466. doi - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.021

Backes, M. M. (2001). The role of indigenous trees for the conservation of biocultural diversity in traditional agroforestry land use systems: The Bungoma case study. Agroforestry Systems, 52, 119-132. doi - 10.1023/A:1010685317405

Baker, K., Bull, G. Q., Baylis, K., & Barichello, R. (2017). Towards a theoretical construct for modelling smallholders' forestland-use decisions: What can we learn from agriculture and forest economics? Forests, 8(9), 345. doi - 10.3390/f8090345

Baldi, G., Houspanossian, J., Murray, F., Rosales, A. A., Rueda, C. V., & Jobbágy, E. G. (2015). Cultivating the dry forests of South America: Diversity of land users and imprints on ecosystem functioning. Journal of Arid Environments, 123, 47-59. doi - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.05.027

Ball, A. A., Gouzerh, A., & Brancalion, P. H. S. (2014). Multi-scalar governance for restoring the Brazilian Atlantic forest: A case study on small landholdings in protected areas of sustainable development. Forests, 5, 599-619. doi - 10.3390/f5040599

Barney, K. (2016). Sparking development or consuming the countryside? Lao charcoal commodity networks in the Mekong Region. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 57(2), 194-206. doi - 10.1111/apv.12123

Barsimantov, J. A. (2010). Vicious and virtuous cycles and the role of external non government actors in community forestry in Oaxaca and Michoacan, Mexico. Human Ecology, 38(1), 49-63. doi - 10.1007/s10745-009-9289-3

Bawa, K. S. & Seidler, R. (2015). Deforestation and sustainable mixed-use landscapes: a view from the eastern Himalaya. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 100, 141-149. doi - 10.3417/2012019

Belay, K. T., Van Rompaey, A., Poesen, J., & Van Bruyssel, S. (2015). Spatial analysis of land cover changes in eastern Tigray (Ethiopia) from 1965 to 2007: Are there signs of a forest transition? Land Degradation and Development, 26(7), 680-689. doi - 10.1002/ldr.2275

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BenDor, T., Shoemaker, D. A., Thill, J. C., & Dorning, M. A. (2014). A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence. Ecology and Society, 19(3), 3. doi - 10.5751/ES-06508-190303

Benjamin, K., Bouchard, A.,& Domon, G. (2008). Managing abandoned farmland: the need to link biological and sociological aspects. Environmental Management, 42(4), 603-619. doi - 10.1007/s00267-008-9176-5

Bergmann, S. A. & Bliss, J. C. (2004). Foundations of cross-boundary cooperation: Resource management at the public-private interface. Society and Natural Resources, 17(5), 377-393. doi - 10.1080/08941920490430142

Beyer, Jr. D. E., Homan, L., & Ewert, D. N. (1997). Ecosystem management in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan: A case history. Landscape and Urban Planning, 38, 199-211. doi - 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00034-0

Billard, C., Gond, V., Oszwald, J., de Sartre, X. A., & Pokorny, B. (2014). Smallholders' agricultural practices trajectories in Amazonia. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 319(1), 53-64.

Bisseleua D, Hervé, B., & Vidal, S. (2008). Plant biodiversity and vegetation structure in traditional cocoa forest gardens in southern Cameroon under different management. Biodiversity Conservation, 17, 1821-1835. doi - 10.1007/s10531-007-9276-1

Bjärstig, T. & Kvastegård, E. (2016). Forest social values in a Swedish rural context: The private forest owners' perspective. Forest Policy and Economics, 65, 17-24. doin - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.01.007

Blanco, V., Brown, C., & Rounsevell, M. (2015). Characterising forest owners through their objectives, attributes and management strategies. European Journal of Forest Research, 134, 1027-1041. doi - 10.1007/s10342-015-0907-x

Blennow, K., Persson, E., Lindner, M., Faias, S. P., & Hanewinkel, M. (2014). Forest owner motivations and attitudes towards supplying biomass for energy in Europe. Biomass & Bioenergy, 67, 223-230. doi - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.05.002

Bliss, J. C. (2003). Sustaining family forests in rural landscapes: Rationale, challenges, and an illustration from Oregon, USA. Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy, 2(1), 1-8. doi - 10.1007/s11842-003-001-y

Boffa, J. C., Kindt, R., Katumba, B., Jourget, J. G., & Turyomurugyendo, L. (2008). Management of tree diversity in agricultural landscapes around Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 46, 24-32. doi - 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00926.x

Böhnert, T., Wenzel, A., Altenhövel, C., Beeretz, L., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S., Meijide, A., K Rembold, & Kreft, H. (2016). Effects of land-use change on vascular epiphyte diversity in Sumatra (Indonesia). Biological Conservation, 202, 20-29. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.008

Bonilla-Moheno, M., Redo, D. J., Aide, T. M., Clark, M. L., Grau, H. R. (2013). Vegetation change and land tenure in Mexico: A country-wide analysis. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 355-364. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.002

Boutthavong, S., Hyakumura, K., Ehara, M., & Fujiwara, T. (2016). Historical changes of land tenure and land use rights in a local community: a case study in Lao PDR. Land, 5(2), 11. doi - 10.3390/land5020011

Brinckman, M. D. & Munsell, J. F. (2012). Disproportionality, social marketing, and biomass availability: A case study of Virginia and North Carolina family forests. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 36(2), 85-91. doi - 10.5849/sjaf.10-052

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Broegaard, R. B., Rasmussen, L. V., Dawson, N., & Mertz, O. (2017). Wild food collection and nutrition under commercial agriculture expansion in agriculture-forest landscapes. Forest Policy and Economics, 84, 92-101. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.12.012

Browder, J. O., Pedlowski, M. A., & Summers, P. M. (2004). Land use patterns in the Brazilian Amazon: Comparative farm-level evidence from Rondônia. Human Ecology, 32(2), 197-224. doi - 10.1023/B:HUEC.0000019763.73998.c9

Brunner, A., Currie, W. S., & Miller, S. (2015). Cellulosic ethanol production: Landscape scale net carbon strongly affected by forest decision making. Biomass & Bioenergy, 83, 32-41. doi - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.08.002

Buffum, B., Modisette, C., & McWilliams, S. R. (2014). Encouraging family forest owners to create early successional wildlife habitat in southern New England. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e89972. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0089972

Bullock, R., Mithöfer, D., Vihemäki, H. (2014). Sustainable agricultural intensification: the role of cardamom agroforestry in the East Usambaras, Tanzania. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 12(2), 109-129. doi - 10.1080/14735903.2013.840436

Bürgi, M., Steck, C., & Bertiller, R. (2010). Evaluating a forest conservation plan with historical vegetation data: a transdisciplinary case study from the Swiss lowlands. Gaia - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 19(3), 204-212. doi - 10.14512/gaia.19.3.10

Busby, G. M., Albers, H. J., & Montgomery, C. A. (2012). Wildfire risk management in a landscape with fragmented ownership and spatial interactions. Land Economics, 88(3), 496-517. doi - 10.3368/le.88.3.496

Butler, B. J., Tyrrell, M., Feinberg, G., VanManen, S., Wiseman, L., & Wallinger, S. (2007). Understanding and reaching family forest owners: Lessons from social marketing research. Journal of Forestry, 105(7), 348-357.

Butler, B. J., Hewes, J. H., Liknes, G. C., Nelson, M. D., & Snyder, S. A. (2014). A comparison of techniques for generating forest ownership spatial products. Applied Geography, 46, 21-34. doi - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.020

Butler, B. J. & Leatherberry, E. C. (2004). America's family forests. Journal of Forestry, 102(7), 4-14.

Cai, Z., LL Narine, A D'Amato, FX Aguilar. (2016). Attitudinal and revenue effects on non-industrial private forest owners' willingness-to-harvest timber and woody biomass. Forest Policy and Economics, 63, 52-61. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.11.007

Campbell-Smith, G., Campbell-Smith, M., Singleton, I., & Linkie, M. (2011). Apes in space: Saving an imperilled orangutan population in Sumatra. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e17210. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0017210

Canadas, M. J., Novais, A., & Marques, M. (2016). Wildfires, forest management and landowners' collective action: A comparative approach at the local level. Land Use Policy, 56(179-188). doi – 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.035

Carlson, M. J., Mitchell, R., & Rodriguez, L. (2011). Scenario analysis to identify viable conservation strategies in Paraguay's imperiled Atlantic forest. Ecology and Society, 16(3), 8. [online]. doi – 10.5751/ES-04267-160308

Carlsson, M., Andersson, M., Dahlin, B., & Sallnäs, O. (1998). Spatial patterns of habitat protection in areas with non-industrial private forestry -- hypotheses and implications. Forest Ecology and Management, 107, 203-211. doi – 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00337-X

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Carmenta, R., Vermeylen, S., Parry, L., & Barlow, J. (2013). Shifting cultivation and fire policy: Insights from the Brazilian Amazon. Human Ecology, 41(4), 603-614. doi - 10.1007/s10745-013-9600-1

Carmona-Torres, C., Parra-López, C., Groot, J. C. J., & Rossing, W. A. H. (2011). Collective action for multi-scale environmental management: Achieving landscape policy objectives through cooperation of local resource managers. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(1), 24-33. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.009

Caro-Borrero, A., Corbera, E., Neitzel, K. C., L Almeida-Leñero, L.. (2015). "We are the city lungs": Payments for ecosystem services in the outskirts of Mexico City. Land Use Policy, 43, 138-148. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.11.008

Caron, J. A., Germain, R. H., & Anderson, N. M. (2012). Parcelization and land use: A case study in the New York City watershed. Northern Journal of Applied Forests, 29(2), 74-80. doi - 10.5849/njaf.10-038

Castella, J. C., Trung, T. N., & Boissau, S. (2005). Participatory simulation of land-use changes in the northern mountains of Vietnam: the combined use of an agent-based model, a role-playing game, and a geographic information system. Ecology and Society, 10(1), 27. doi - 10.5751/ES-01328-100127

Cattau, M. E., Harrison, M. E., Shinyo, I., Tungau, S., Uriarte, M., & DeFries, R. (2016). Sources of anthropogenic fire ignitions on the peat-swamp landscape in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 39, 205-219. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.005

Cavender-Bares, J., Balvanera, P., King, E., & Polasky, S. (2015). Ecosystem service trade-offs across global contexts and scales. Ecology and Society, 20(1), 22. doi - 10.5751/ES-07137-200122

Chen, B. X. & Nakama, Y. (2015). Residents' preference and willingness to conserve homestead woodlands: Coastal villages in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 14(4), 919-931. doi - 10.1016/j.ufug.2015.08.008

Chia, E. L., Tiani, A. M., Sonwa, D. J., Perez-Teran, A. S., & Tchatchou, B. (2016). Securing well-being with the advent of climate hazards: Case of forest-dependent communities in a landscape in the Congo Basin. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 8(2), 175-193. doi - 10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2014-0048

Chowdhury, R. R. (2006). Landscape change in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: Modeling the driving forces of smallholder deforestation in land parcels. Applied Geography, 26, 129-152. doi - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2005.11.004

Chowdhury, R. R. & Turner II, B. L. (2006). Reconciling agency and structure in empirical analysis: Smallholder land use in the southern Yucatán, Mexico. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(2), 302-322. doi - 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00479.x

Chowdhury, R. R. (2010). Differentiation and concordance in smallholder land use strategies in southern Mexico's conservation frontier. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107(13), 5780-5785. doi - 10.1073/pnas.0905892107

Christman, Z., Pearsall, H., Schmook, B., Mardero, S. (2015). Diversification and adaptive capacity across scales in an emerging post-frontier landscape of the Usumacinta Valley, Chiapas, Mexico. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 111-123. doi - 10.1505/146554815814669016

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Clough, Y., Faust, H., & Tscharntke, T. (2009). Cacao boom and bust: Sustainability of agroforests and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Conservation Letters, 2, 197-205. doi - 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00072.x

Clough, Y., Putra, D. D., Pitopang, R., & Tscharntke, T. (2009). Local and landscape factors determine functional bird diversity in Indonesian cacao agroforestry. Biological Conservation, 142, 1032-1041. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.027

Clough, Y., Krishna, V. V., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Denmead, L. H., Meijide, A., Moser, S., Musshoff, O., Steinebach, S., Veldkamp, E., Allen, K., Barnes, A. D., Breidenbach, N., Brose, U., Buchori, D., Daniel, R., Finkeldey, R., Harahap, I., Hertel, D., Holtkamp, A. M., Hörandl, E., Irawan, B., Surati Jaya, I. N., Jochum, M., Klarner, B., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V., Kreft, H., Kurniawan, S., Leuschner, C., Maraun, M., Melati, D. N., Opfermann, N., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Prabowo, W. E., Rembold, K., Rizali, A., Rubiana, R., Schneider, D., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S., Tjoa, A., Tacharntke, T., & Scheu, S. (2016). Land-use choices follow profitability at the expense of ecological functions in Indonesian smallholder landscapes. Nature Communications, 7, 13137. doi - 10.1038/ncomms13137

Cohen, W. B., Spies, T. A., Alig, R. J., Oetter, D. R., Maiersperger, T. K., & Fiorella, M. (2002). Characterizing 23 years (1972-95) of stand replacement disturbance in western Oregon forests with Landsat imagery. Ecosystems, 5(2), 122-137. doi - 10.1007/s10021-001-0060-X

Coomes, O. T., Takasaki, Y., & Rhemtulla, J. M. (2016). Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators. Ecology and Society, 21(3), 20. doi - 10.5751/ES-08684

Coomes, O. T., Takasaki, Y., Rhemtulla, J. M. (2017). What fate for swidden agriculture under land constraint in tropical forests? Lessons from a long-term study in an Amazonian peasant community. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 39-51. doi - 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.002

Costanza, R., Duplisea, D., & Kautsky, U. (1998). Ecological modelling on modelling ecological and economic systems with STELLA. Ecological Modelling, 110, 1-4. doi - 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00073-8

Cotta, J. N. (2015). Contributions of local floodplain resources to livelihoods and household income in the Peruvian Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics, 59, 35-46. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.05.008

Coughlan, M. R. (2014). Farmers, flames, and forests: Historical ecology of pastoral fire use and landscape change in the French Western Pyrenees, 1830-2011. Forest Ecology and Management, 312, 55-66. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.021

Creutzburg, M. K., Scheller, R. M., Lucash, M. S., & Evers, L. B. (2016). Bioenergy harvest, climate change, and forest carbon in the Oregon Coast Range. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 8(2), 357-370. doi - 10.1111/gcbb.12255

Crow, T. R., Host, G. E., & Mladenoff, D. J. (1999). Ownership and ecosystem as sources of spatial heterogeneity in a forested landscape, Wisconsin, USA. Landscape Ecology, 14, 449-463. doi - 10.1023/A:1008084123874

Curatola Fernández, G. F., Obermeier, W. A., Gerique, A., Sandoval, M. F. L., Lehnert, L. W., Thies, B., & Bendix, J. (2015). Land cover change in the Andes of southern Ecuador -- Patterns and drivers. Remote Sensing, 7, 2509-2542. doi - 10.3390/rs70302509

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Cvitanovic, M., Blackburn, G. A., & Jepsen, M. R. (2016). Characteristics and drivers of forest cover change in the post-socialist era in Croatia: evidence from a mixed-methods approach. Regional Environmental Change, 16, 1751-1763. doi - 10.1007/s10113-016-0928-0

Daniels, A. E., Painter, K., & Southworth, J. (2008). Milpa imprint on the tropical dry forest landscape in Yucatan, Mexico: Remote sensing and field measurement of edge vegetation. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 123(4), 293-304. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.003

Dansereau, J-. P. & deMarsh, P. (2003). A portrait of Canadian woodlot owners in 2003. Forestry Chronicle, 79(4), 774-778.

D'Antona, Á. O., VanWey, L, K., & Hayashi, C. M. (2006). Property size and land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon. Population and Environment, 27(5-6), 373-396. doi - 10.1007/s11111-006-0031-4

Dawson, I. K., Vinceti, B., Weber, J. C., Neufeldt, H., Russell, J., Lengkeek, A. G., Kalinganire, A., Kindt, R., Lillesø, J-. P. B., Roshetko, J., & Jamnadass, R. (2011). Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review. Agroforestry Systems, 81, 67-78. doi - 10.1007/s10457-010-9302-2

Dawson, I. K., Guariguata, M. R., Loo. J., Weber, J. C., Lengkeek, A., Bush, D., Cornelius, J., Guarino, L., Kindt, R., Orwa, C., Russell, J., & Jamnadass, R. (2013). What is the relevance of smallholders' agroforestry systems for conserving tropical tree species and genetic diversity in circa situm, in situ and ex situ settings? A reveiw. Biodiversity Conservation, 22, 301-324. doi - 10.1007/s10531-012-0429-5

Dawson, I. K., Leakey, R., Clement, C. R., Weber, J. C., Cornelius, J. P., Roshetko, J. M., Vinceti, B., Kalinganire, A., Tchoundjeu, Z., Masters, E., & Jamnadass, R. (2014). The management of tree genetic resources and the livelihoods of rural communities in the tropics: Non-timber forest products, smallholder agroforestry practices and tree commodity crops. Forest Ecology and Management, 333, 9-21. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.021

de Jong, W., Galloway, G., Katila, P., & Pacheco, P. (2016). Incentives and constraints of community and smallholder forestry. Forests, 7, 209. doi - 10.3390/f7090209

de Souza, H. N., de Goede, R. G. M., Brussaard, L., Cardoso, I. M., Duarte, E. M. G., Fernandes, R. B. A., Gomes, L. C., & Pulleman, M. M. (2012). Protective shade, tree diversity and soil properties in coffee agroforestry systems in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 146, 179-196. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.007

de Souza, S. E. X. F., Vidal, E., Chagas, G. dF., Elgar, A. T., & Brancallion, P. H. S. (2016). Ecological outcomes and livelihood benefits of community-managed agroforests and second growth forests in Southeast Brazil. Biotropica, 48(6), 868-881. doi - 10.1111/btp.12388

Deconchat, M., Gibon, A., Cabanettes, A., du Bus de Warnaffe, G., Hewison, M., Garine, E., Gavaland, A., Lacombe, J-. P., Ladet, S., Monteil,, C., Ouin, A., Sarthou, J-. P., Sourdril, A., & Balent, G. (2007). How to set up a research framework to analyze social-ecological interactive processes in a rural landscape. Ecology and Society, 12(1), 15. doi - 10.5751/ES-01990-120115

Dermawan, A., Kemp-Benedict, E., Huber-Lee, A., & Fencl, A. (2013). Testing a multi-scale scenario approach for smallholder tree plantations in Indonesia and Vietnam. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(4), 762-771. doi - 10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.021

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Dhubháin, Á. N., Maguire, K., & Farrelly, N. (2010). The harvesting behavior of Irish private forest owners. Forest Policy and Economics, 12(7), 513-517. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.05.008

Di Giminiani, P. (2016). How to manage a forest: Environmental governance in neoliberal Chile. Anthropological Quarterly, 89(3), 723-752. doi - 10.1353/anq.2016.0045

DiGiano, M., Ellis, E., Keys, E. (2013). Changing landscapes for forest commons: linking land tenure with forest cover change following Mexico's 1992 agrarian counter-reforms. Human Ecology, 41(5), 707-723. doi - 10.1007/s10745-013-9581-0

Donnelly, S. (2011). Land-use portfolios and the management of private landholdings in south-central Indiana. Regional Environmental Change, 11(1), 97-109. doi - 10.1007/s10113-010-0124-6

Donnelly, S. & Evans, T. P. (2008). Characterizing spatial patterns of land ownership at the parcel level in south-central Indiana, 1928-1997. Landscape and Urban Planning, 84(3-4), 230-240. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.08.004

Dorning, M. A., Smith, J. W., Shoemaker, D. A., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2015). Changing decisions in a changing landscape: How might forest owners in an urbanizing region respond to emerging bioenergy markets? Land Use Policy, 49, 1-10. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.06.020

Dorresteijn, I., Schultner, J., Collier, N. F., & Hylander, K. (2017). Disaggregating ecosystem services and disservices in the cultural landscapes of southwestern Ethiopia: a study of rural perceptions. Landscape Ecology, 32(11), 2151-2165. doi - 10.1007/s10980-017-0552-5

Dreschear, J, Rembold, K., Allen, K., Beckschäfer, P., Buchori, D., Clough, Y., Faust, H., Fauzi, A. M., Gunawan, D., Hertel, D., Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N. S., Klarner, B., Kleinn, C., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V., Krishna, V., Leuschner, C., Lorenz, W., Meijide, A., Melati, D., Nomura, M., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Qaim, M., Siregar, I. Z., Steinebach, S., Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., Wick, B., Wiegand, K., Kreft, H., & Scheu, S. (2016). Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems after rainforest conversion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 371, 20150275. doi - 10.1098/rstb.2015.0275

Duesberg, S., O'Connor, D., & Dhubháin, Á. N. (2013). To plant or not to plant - Irish farmers' goals and values with regard to afforestation. Land Use Policy, 32, 155-164. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.021

Duesberg, S., Dhubháin, Á. N., & O'Connor, D. (2014). Assessing policy tools for encouraging farm afforestation in Ireland. Land Use Policy, 38, 194-203. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.11.001

Duesberg, S., Upton, V., O'Connor, D., & Dhubháin, Á. N. (2014). Factors influencing Irish farmers' afforestation intention. Forest Policy and Economics, 39, 13-20. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.11.004

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Eitzinger, A., Läderach, P., Bunn, C., Quiroga, A., Benedikter, A., Pantoja, A., Gordon, J., Bruni, M. (2014). Implications of a changing climate on food security and smallholders'

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livelihoods in Bogotá, Colombia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19, 161-176. doi - 10.1007/s11027-012-9432-0

El Wahidi, F., Radoux, J., Ponette, Q., & Defourny, P. (2015). Entity-based landscape modelling to assess the impacts of different incentives mechanisms on argan forest dynamics. Land, 4(4), 1003-1029. doi - 10.3390/land4041003

Ellis, E. A., R Montero, J Arturo, H Gomez, I Uriel. (2017). Deforestation processes in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico: The role of land use and community forestry. Tropical Conservation Science, 10, 10.1177/1940082917697259.

Ellis, E. A., Montero, J. A. R., Gomez, I. U. H., Porter-Bolland, L., & Ellis, P. W. (2017). Private property and Mennonites are major drivers of forest cover loss in central Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Land Use Policy, 69, 474-484. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.048

Eloy, L., Méral, P., Ludewigs, T., Pinheiro, G. T., & Singer, B. (2012). Payments for ecosystem services in Amazonia. The challenge of land use heterogeneity in agricultural frontiers near Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre, Brazil). Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 55(6), 685-703. doi - 10.1080/09640568.2011.621021

Emmingham, W. H. (2002). Development of ecosystem management in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Biosystems, 136(2), 167-175. doi - 10.1080/11263500212331351069

Erickson, A. M. (2015). Nested localized institutions for adaptive co-management: A history of state watershed management in the Pacific Region of the United States. Society and Natural Resources, 28(1), 93-108. doi - 10.1080/08941920.2014.933920

Erickson, D. L., Ryan, R. L., & De Young, R. (2002). Woodlots in the rural landscape: landowner motivations and management attitudes in a Michigan (USA) case study. Landscape and Urban Planning, 58, 101-112. doi - 10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00213-4

Evans, T. P. & Kelley, H. (2004). Multi-scale analysis of a household level agent-based model of landcover change. Journal of Environmental Management, 72(1-2), 57-72. doi - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.02.008

Evans, T. P & Kelley, H. (2008). Assessing the transition from deforestation to forest regrowth with an agent-based model of land cover change for south-central Indiana (USA). Geoforum, 39(2), 819-832. doi - 10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.03.010

Farmer, J., Meretsky, V., Knapp, D., Chancellor, C., & Fischer, B. C. (2015). Why agree to a conservation easement? Understanding the decision of conservation easement granting. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138(SI), 11-19. doi - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204615000201

Farmer, J. R., Brenner, J. C., Drescher, M., Dickinson, S. L., & Knackmuhs, E. G. (2016). Perpetual private land conservation: the case for outdoor recreation and functional leisure. Ecology and Society, 21(2), 46. doi - 10.5751/ES-08515-210246

Farmer, J. R., Chancellor, C., Brenner, J., Whitacre, J., & Knackmuhs, E. G. (2016). To ease or not to ease: Interest in conservation easements among landowners in Brown County, Indiana. Professional Geographer, 68(4), 584-594. doi - 10.1080/00330124.2015.1129910

Ferranto, S., Huntsinger, L., Getz, C., Lahiff, M., Stewart, W., Nakamura, G., & Kelly, M. (2013). Management without borders? A survey of landowner practices and attitudes toward cross-boundary cooperation. Society and Natural Resources, 26(9), 1082-1100. doi - 10.1080/08941920.2013.779343

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Ferreira Filho, J. B. S. & Fachinello, A. L. (2015). Employment and income generation in the Brazilian Amazon forest: A social account matrix based multiplier approach. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 85-96. doi - 10.1505/146554815814669007

Fischer, A. P. (2011). Reducing hazardous fuels on nonindustrial private forests: Factors influencing landowner decisions. Journal of Forestry, 109(5), 260-266.

Fischer, A. P., Kline, J. D., Ager, A. A., Charlney, S., & Olsen, K. A. (2014). Objective and perceived wildfire risk and its influence on private forest landowners' fuel reduction activities in Oregon's (USA) ponderosa pine ecoregion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 23, 143-153. doi - 10.1071/WF12164

Fischer, A. P. & Bliss, J. C. (2008). Behavioral assumptions of conservation policy: Conserving oak habitat on family-forest land in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Conservation Biology, 22(2), 275-283. doi - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00873.x

Fischer, A. P. & Bliss, J. C. (2009). Framing conservation on private lands: Conserving oak in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Society and Natural Resources, 22(10), 884-900. doi - 10.1080/08941920802314926

Fischer, A. P & Charlney, S. (2012). Private forest owners and invasive plants: Risk perception and management. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 5(3), 375-389. doi - 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00005.1

Fischer, A. P & Charlney, S. (2012). Risk and cooperation: Managing hazardous fuel in mixed ownership landscapes. Environmental Management, 49(6), 1192-1207. doi - 10.1007/s00267-012-9848-z

Fox, J., Castella, J-. C., & Ziegler, A. D. (2014). Swidden, rubber and carbon: Can REDD+ work for people and the environment in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia? Global Environmental Change, 29, 318-326. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.011

Fries, C., Carlsson, M., Dahlin, B., Lämås, T., & Sallnäs, O. (1998). A review of conceptual landscape planning models for multiobjective forestry in Sweden. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28(2), 159-167. doi - 10.1139/x97-204

Fries, C., Lindén, G., & Nillius, E. (1998). The stream model for ecological landscape planning in non-industrial private forestry. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 13(1-4), 370-378. doi - 10.1080/02827589809382996

Frimpong, E. A., Ross-Davis, A. L., Lee, J. G., & Broussard, S. R. (2006). Biophysical and socioeconomic factors explaining the extent of forest cover on private ownerships in a Midwestern (USA) agrarian landscape. Landscape Ecology, 21(5), 763-776. doi - 10.1007/s10980-005-5476-9

Fu, Y., Chen, J., Guo, H., Chen, A., Cui, J., & Hu, H. (2009). The role of non-timber forest products during agroecosystem shift in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China. Forest Policy and Economics, 11(1), 18-25. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.08.003

Futemma, C., De Castro, F., Silva-Forsberg, M. C., & Ostrom, E. (2002). The emergence and outcomes of collective action: An institutional and ecosystem approach. Society and Natural Resources, 15(6), 503-522. doi - 10.1080/08941920290069146

Garedew, E., Sandewall, M., & Soderberg, U. (2012). A dynamic simulation model of land-use, population, and rural livelihoods in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Environmental Management, 49(1), 151-162. doi - 10.1007/s00267-011-9783-4

Gass, R., Rickenbach, M., Schulte, L., & Zeuli, K. (2009). Cross-boundary coordination on forested landscapes: Investigating alternatives for implementation. Environmental Management, 43(1), 107-117. doi - 10.1007/s00267-008-9195-2

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Gavin, M. C. (2009). Conservation implications of rainforest use patterns: mature forests provide more resources but secondary forests supply more medicine. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46(6), 1275-1282. doi - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01713.x

Germain, R. H., Brazill, K., & Stehman, S. V. (2006). Forestland parcelization in upstate New York despite economic stagnation and a declining population. Northern Journal of Applied Forests, 23(4), 280-287. doi - 10.1093/njaf/23.4.280

Germain, R. H., Anderson, N., & Beilacqua, E. (2007). The effects of forestland parcelization and ownership transfers on nonindustrial private forestland forest stocking in New York. Journal of Forestry, 105(8), 403-408. doi - 10.1093/jof/105.8.403

German, L., Schoneveld, G. C., Pacheco, P. (2011). The social and environmental impacts of biofuel feedstock cultivation: Evidence from multi-site research in the forest frontier. Ecology and Society, 16(3), 24. doi - 10.5751/ES-04309-160324

Gibreel, T. M., Hermann, S., Berkhoff, K., Nuppenau, E. A.,& Rinn, A. (2014). Farm types as an interface between an agroeconomical model and CLUE-Naban land change model: Application for scenario modelling. Ecological Indicators, 36, 766-778. doi - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.09.009

Gobster, P. H. & Rickenbach, M. G. (2004). Private forestland parcelization and development in Wisconsin's Northwoods: Perceptions of resource-oriented stakeholders. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 165-182. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.005

Godar, J., Tizado, E. J., & Pokorny, B. (2012). Who is responsible for deforestation in the Amazon? A spatially explicit analysis along the Transamazon Highway in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 267, 58-73. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.046

Goodall, K. E., Bacon, C. M., & Mendez, V. E. (2015). Shade tree diversity, carbon sequestration, and epiphyte presence in coffee agroecosystems: A decade of smallholder management in San Ramón, Nicaragua. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 199, 200-206. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2014.09.002

Gootee, R. S., Blatner, K. A., Baumgartner, D. M., Carroll, M. S., & Weber, E. P. (2011). Equitable regulation of private forests. Small-scale Forestry, 10, 457-472. doi - 10.1007/s11842-011-9161-3

Górriz-Mifsud, E., Varela, E., Piqué, M., & Prokofieva, I. (2016). Demand and supply of ecosystem services in a Mediterranean forest: Computing payment boundaries. Ecosystem Services, 17, 53-63. doi - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.006

Gosling, A., Shackleton, C. M., & Gambiza, J. (2017). Community-based natural resource use and management of Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, Uganda, for livelihood benefits. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 25(6), 717-730. doi - 10.1007/s11273-017-9546-y

Gras, P., Tscharntke, T., Maas, B., Tjoa, A., Hafsah, A., & Clough, Y. (2016). How ants, birds and bats affect crop yield along shade gradients in tropical cacao agroforestry. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53, 953-963. doi - 10.1111/1365-2664.12625

Grossman, J. J. (2015). Eucalypts in agroforestry, reforestation, and smallholders' conceptions of "Nativeness": A multiple case study of plantation owners in Eastern Paraguay. Small-scale Forestry, 14, 39-59. doi - 10.1007/s11842-014-9272-8

Gustafson, E. J. & Loehle, C. (2006). Effects of parcelization and land divestiture on forest sustainability in simulated forest landscapes. Forest Ecology and Management, 236, 305-314. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.015

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Gustafson, E. J., Lytle, D. E., Swaty, R., & Loehle, C. (2007). Simulating the cumulative effects of multiple forest management strategies on landscape measures of forest sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 22, 141-156. doi - 10.1007/s10980-006-9017-y

Haggar, J. P., Asigbaase, M., Bonilla, G., Pico, J., & Quilo, A. (2015). Tree diversity on sustainably certified and conventional coffee farms in Central America. Biodiversity Conservation, 24, 1175-1194. doi - 10.1007/s10531-014-0851-y

Haile, G., Lemenih, M., Senbeta, F., & Itanna, F. (2017). Plant diversity and determinant factors across smallholder agricultural management units in Central Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 91, 677-695. doi - 10.1007/s10457-016-0038-5

Haines, A. L., Kennedy, T. T., & McFarlane, D. L. (2011). Parcelization: Forest change agent in northern Wisconsin. Journal of Forestry, 109(2), 101-108. doi - 10.1093/jof/109.2.101

Hallikainen, V., Hyppönen, M., Pernu, L., & Puoskari, J. (2010). Family forest owners' opinions about forest management in northern Finland. Silva Fennica, 44(2), 363-384. doi - 10.1080/02827580903140679

Hannah, L., Donatti, C. I., Harvey, C. A., Alfaro, E., Rodriguez, D. A., Bouroncle, C., Castellanos, E., Diaz, F., Fung, E., Hildago, H. G., Imach, P., Läderach, P., Landrum, J. P., & Solano, A. L. (2017). Regional modeling of climate change impacts on smallholder agriculture and ecosystems in Central America. Climatic Change, 141(1), 29-45. doi - 10.1007/s10584-016-1867-y

Hardie, I. W. Parks, P. J. (1991). Individual choice and regional acreage response to cost-sharing in the South, 1971-1981. Forest Science, 37(1), 175-190. doi - 10.1093/forestscience/37.1.175

Harris G, Gross, S., & Auerbach, D. (2012.) Land ownership and property rights in the Adirondack Park of New York, USA. Landscape Research, 37(3), 277-300. doi - 10.1080/01426397.2011.555530

Hartter, J., Lucas, C., Gaughan, A. E., & Aranda, L. L. (2008). Detecting tropical dry forest succession in a shifting cultivation mosaic of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Applied Geography, 28, 134-149. doi - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2007.07.013

Hartter, J., Stevens, F. R., Hamilton, L. C., Congalton, R. G., Ducey, M. J., & Oester P. T. (2015). Modelling associations between public understanding, engagement and forest conditions in the Inland Northwest, USA. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0117975. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0117975

Hassler, E., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., & Veldkamp, E. (2017). Soil nitrogen oxide fluxes from lowland forests converted to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences, 14(11), 2781-2798. doi - 10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017

Hausermann, H. (2014). Maintaining the coffee canopy: Understanding change and continuity in Central Veracruz. Human Ecology, 42, 381-394. doi - 10.1007/s10745-014-9644-x

Hawes, P. & Memon, P. A. (1998). Prospects for sustainable management of indigenous forests on private land in New Zealand. Journal of Environmental Management, 52(2), 113-130. doi - 10.1006/jema.1997.0164

Heitzman, E. (2003). "New Forestry" in Scotland. Journal of Forestry, Jan/Feb, 36-40. doi - 10.1093/jof/101.1.36

Hendee, J. T. & Flint, C. G. (2013). Managing private forestlands along the public-private interface of southern Illinois: Landowner forestry decisions in a multi-jurisdictional landscape. Forest Policy and Economics, 34, 47-55. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.04.009

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Hengeveld, G. M., Didion, M., Clerkx, S., Elkin, C., Nabuurs, G-. J., & Schelhaas, M-. J. (2015). The landscape-level effect of individual-owner adaptation to climate change in Dutch forests. Regional Environmental Change, 15(8), 1515-1529. doi - 10.1007/s10113-014-0718-5

Hengeveld, G. M., Schull, E., Tubins, R., & Sallnas, O. (2017). Forest landscape development scenarios (FoLDS) - A framework for integrating forest models, owners' behavior and socio-economic developments. Forest Policy and Economics, 85, 245-255. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.03.007

Hitchner, S., Schelhas, J., & Gaither, C. J. (2016). "A Privilege and a Challenge": Valuation of heirs' property by African American landowners and implications for forest management in the Southeastern U.S. Small-scale Forestry, 16, 395. doi - 10.1007/s11842-017-9362-5

Huff, E. S., Leahy, J. E., Heibeler, D., Weiskittel, A. R., & Noblet, C, L. (2015). An agent-based model of private woodland owner management behavior using social interactions, information flow, and peer-to-peer networks. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0142453. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142453

Hull, R. B., Robertson, D. P., & Buhyoff, G. J. (2004). "Boutique" forestry - New forest practices in urbanizing landscapes. Journal of Forestry, 102(1), 14-19. doi - 10.1093/jof/102.1.14

Igu Nwabueze, I. & Marchant, R. (2017). Freshwater swamp forest use in the Niger Delta: perception and insights. Journal of Forest Research, 22(1), 44-52. doi - 10.1080/13416979.2017.1280887

Imbach, P., Fung, E., Hannah, L., Navarro-Racines, C. E., Roubik, D. W., Ricketts, T. H., Harvey, C. A., Donatti, C. I., Läderach, P., Locatelli, B., & Roehrdanz, P. R. (2017). Coupling of pollinator services and coffee suitability under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 114(39), 10438-10442. doi - 10.1073/pnas.1617940114

Iwamura, T., Lambin, E. F., Silvius, K. M., Luzar, J. B., & Fragoso, J. M. V. (2014). Agent-based modeling of hunting and subsistence agriculture on indigenous lands: Understanding interactions between social and ecological systems. Environmental Modelling and Software, 58, 109-127. doi - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.03.008

Jacobson, M. G. (2002). Factors affecting private forest landowner interest in ecosystem management: Linking spatial and survey data. Environmental Management, 30(4), 577-583. doi - 10.1007/s00267-002-2605-y

Jenbere, D., Lemenih, M., & Kassa, H. (2012). Expansion of Eucalypt farm forestry and its determinants in Arsi Negelle District, South Central Ethiopia. Small-scale Forestry, 11, 389-405. doi - 10.1007/s11842-011-9191-x

Johann, F. & Schaich, H. (2016). Land ownership affects diversity and abundance of tree microhabitats in deciduous temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 380, 70-81. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.037

Johnson, K. N., Bettinger, P., Kline, J. D., Spies, T. A., Lennette, M., Lettman, G., Garber-Yonts, B., & Larsen, T. (2007). Simulating forest structure, timber production, and socioeconomic effects in a multi-owner province. Ecological Applications, 17(1), 34-47. doi - 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0034:SFSTPA]2.0.CO;2

Kabir, M. E. & Webb, E. L. (2008). Can homegardens conserve biodiversity in Bangladesh? Biotropica, 40(1), 95-103. doi - 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00346.x

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Kaetzel, B. R., Majumdar, I., Teeter, L. D., & Butler, B. J. (2012). Regional differences among family forest landowners using National Woodland Owner Survey results. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 36(3), 141-145. doi - 10.5849/sjaf.11-007

Kearney, S. P., Coops, N. C., Chan, K. M. A., Fonte, S. J., Siles, P., & Smukler, S. M. (2017). Predicting carbon benefits from climate-smart agriculture: High-resolution carbon mapping and uncertainty assessment in El Salvador. Journal of Environmental Management, 202, 287-298. doi - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.039

Kelley, H. & Evans, T. (2011). The relative influences of land-owner and landscape heterogeneity in an agent-based model of land-use. Ecological Economics, 70(6), 1075-1087. doi - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.12.009

Kelly, P. & Huo, X. (2013). Do farmers or governments make better land conservation choices? Evidence from China's Sloping Land Conversion Program. Journal of Forest Economics, 19(1), 32-60. doi - 10.1016/j.jfe.2012.08.002

Kennedy, R. S. H. & Spies, T. A. (2004). Forest cover changes in the Oregon Coast Range from 1939 to 1993. Forest Ecology and Management, 200(1-3), 129-147. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.022

Kennedy, R. S. H. & Spies, T. A. (2005). Dynamics of hardwood patches in a conifer matrix: 54 years of change in a forested landscape in Coastal Oregon, USA. Biological Conservation, 122, 363-374. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.022

Khanal, P. N., Grebner, D. L., Munn, I. A., Grado, S. C., Grala, R. K., & Henderson, J. E. (2017). Typology of nonindustrial private forest landowners and forestry behavior: Implications for forest carbon sequestration in the Southern US. Small-scale Forestry, 16, 419-434. doi - 10.1007/s11842-017-9363-4

Kilgore, M. A., Snyder, S. A., Block-Torgerson, K., & Taff, S. J. (2013). Challenges in characterizing a parcelized forest landscape: Why metric, scale, threshold, and definitions matter. Landscape and Urban Planning, 110, 36-47. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.09.009

Kittredge, D. B. (2004). Extension/Outreach implications for America's family forest owners. Journal of Forestry, Oct/Nov, 15-18. doi - 10.1093/jof/102.7.15

Kittredge, D. B. (2005). The cooperation of private forest owners on scales larger than one individual property: international examples and potential application in the United States. Forest Policy and Economics, 7, 671-688. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2003.12.004

Kittredge, D. B., Short Gianotti, A. G., Hutyra, L. R., Foster, D. R., & Getson, J. M. (2015). Landowner conservation awareness across rural-to-urban gradients in Massachusetts. Biological Conservation, 184, 79-89. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.001

Kittredge, D. B., Finley, A. O., & Foster, D. R. (2003). Timber harvesting as ongoing disturbance in a landscape of diverse ownership. Forest Ecology and Management, 180, 425-442. doi - 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00561-3

Kline, J. D., Alig, R. J., & Johnson, R. L. (2000). Forest owner incentives to protect riparian habitat. Ecological Economics, 33(1), 29-43. doi - 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00116-0

Kline, J. D, Azuma, D. L., & Alig, R. J. (2004). Population growth, urban expansion, and private forestry in western Oregon. Forest Science, 50(1), 33-43. doi - 10.1093/forestscience/50.1.33

Kline, J. D., Alig, R. J., & Johnson, R. L. (2005). Forestland development and private forestry with examples from Oregon (USA). Forest Policy and Economics, 7(5), 709-720. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.03.009

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Klosowski, R., Stevens, T., Kittredge, D., & Dennis, D. (2001). Economic incentives for coordinated management of forest land: a case study of southern New England. Forest Policy and Economics, 2(1), 29-38. doi - 10.1016/S1389-9341(00)00035-6

Knoot, T. G., Schulte, L. A., Grudens-Schuck, N., & Rickenbach, M. (2009). The changing social landscape in the Midwest: A boon for forestry and bust for oak? Journal of Forestry, Jul/Aug, 260-266. doi - 10.1093/jof/107.5.260

Knoot, T. G., Schulte, L. A., & Rickenbach, M. (2010). Oak conservation and restoration on private forestlands: Negotiating a social-ecological landscape. Environmental Management, 45(1), 155-164. doi - 10.1007/s00267-009-9404-7

Knoot, T. G. & Rickenbach, M. (2011). Best management practices and timber harvesting: the role of social networks in shaping landowner decisions. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 26(2), 171-182. doi - 10.1080/02827581.2010.545827

Ko, D. W., He, H. S., & Larsen, D. R. (2006). Simulating private land ownership fragmentation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA. Landscape Ecology, 21, 671-686. doi - 10.1007/s10980-005-5242-z

Ko, D. W. & He, H. S. (2011). Characterizing the historical process of private forestland ownership parcelization and aggregation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA, from 1930 to 2000. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102, 262-270. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.004

Koffi, C. K., Djoudi, H., & Gautier, D. (2017). Landscape diversity and associated coping strategies during food shortage periods: evidence from the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso. Regional Environmental Change, 17, 1369-1380. doi - 10.1007/s10113-016-0945-z

Korhonen, K., Hujala, T., & Kurttila, M. (2013). Diffusion of voluntary protection among family forest owners: Decision process and success factors. Forest Policy and Economics, 26, 82-90. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.08.010

Kröger, M. (2014). The political economy of global tree plantation expansion: a review. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 41(2), 235-261. doi - 10.1080/03066150.2014.890596

Kurttila, M. (2001). The spatial structure of forests in the optimization calculations of forest planning - a landscape ecological perspective. Forest Ecology and Management, 142(1-3), 129-142. doi - 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00343-1

Kurttila, M., Uuttera, J., Myrka, S., Kurki, S., & Pukkala, T. (2002). Decreasing the fragmentation of old forests in landscapes involving multiple ownership in Finland: economic, social and ecological consequences. Forest Ecology and Management, 166(1-3), 69-84. doi - 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00663-6

Kurttila, M. & Pukkala, T. (2003). Combining holding-level economic goals with spatial landscape-level goals in the planning of multiple ownership forestry. Landscape Ecology, 18(5), 529-541. doi - 10.1023/A:1026054227874

Kuyah, S., Dietz, J., Muthuri, C., van Noordwijk, M., & Neufeldt, H. (2013). Allometry and partitioning of above- and below-ground biomass in farmed eucalyptus species dominant in Western Kenyan agricultural landscapes. Biomass and Bioenergy, 55, 276-284. doi - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.011

Kuyah, S. & Rosenstock, T. S. (2015). Optimal measurement strategies for aboveground tree biomass in agricultural landscapes. Agroforestry Systems, 89, 125-133. doi - 10.1007/s10457-014-9747-9

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Laird, S., Awung, G. L., Lysinge, R. J., & Ndive, L. E. (2011). The interweve of people and place: biocultural diversity in migrant and indigenous livelihoods around Mount Cameroon. International Forestry Review, 13(3), 275-293. doi - 10.1505/146554811798293890

Lamb, D. & McDonald, T. (2015). Harnessing reforestation to achieve greater biodiversity gains: Interview with David Lamb. Ecological Management and Restoration, 16(1), 2-13. doi - 10.1111/emr.12147

Lan, L. N., Wichelns, D., Milan, F., Hoanh, C. T., & Phyong, N. D. (2016). Household opportunity costs of protecting and developing forest lands in Son La and Hoa Binh Provinces, Vietnam. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2), 902-928. doi - 10.18352/ijc.620

Langston, J. D., Riggs, R. A., Sururi, Y., & Sunderland, T. (2017). Estate crops more attractive than community forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Land, 6(1), 12. doi - 10.3390/land6010012

Lasco, R. D., Delfino, R. J. P., & Espaldon, M. L. O. (2014). Agroforestry systems: helping smallholders adapt to climate risks while mitigating climate change. WIREs Climate Change, 5, 825-833. doi - 10.1002/wcc.301

Latham, J. E., Sallu, S. M., Loveridge, R., & Marshall, A. R. (2017). Examining the impact of forest protection status on firewood sufficiency in rural Africa. Environmental Conservation, 44(3), 221-233. doi - 10.1017/S0376892917000066

Latta, G. S., Adams, D. M., Bell, K. P., & Kline, J. D. (2016). Evaluating land-use and private forest management responses to a potential forest carbon offset sales program in western Oregon (USA). Forest Policy and Economics, 65, 1-8. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.01.004

Law, E. A., Bryan, B. A., Meijaard, E., Mallawaarachchi, T., Struebig, M., & Wilson, K. A.. (2015). Ecosystem services from a degraded peatland of Central Kalimantan: implications for policy, planning, and management. Ecological Applications, 25(1), 70-87. doi - 10.1890/13-2014.1

Law, E. A., Bryan, B. A., Meijaard, E., Mallawaarachchi, T., Struebig, M., Watts, M. E., & Wilson, K. A. (2017). Mixed policies give more options in multifunctional tropical forest landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(1), 51-60. doi - 10.1111/1365-2664.12666

Law, J. & McSweeney, K. (2013). Looking under the canopy: Rural smallholders and forest recovery in Appalachian Ohio. Geoforum, 44, 182-192. doi - 10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.09.008

Lawrence, A. & Dandy, N. (2014). Private landowners' approaches to planting and managing forests in the UK: What's the evidence? Land Use Policy, 36, 351-360. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.002

Lee, J. S. H., Garcia-Ulloa, J., Ghazoul, J., Obidzinski, K., & Koh, L. P. (2014). Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51, 1366-1377. doi - 10.1111/1365-2664.12286

Lee, J., Ingalls, M., Erickson, J. D., & Wollenberg, E. (2016). Bridging organizations in agricultural carbon markets and poverty alleviation: An analysis of pro-Poor carbon market projects in East Africa. Global Environmental Change, 39, 98-107. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.015

Lewis, J. A. (2008). The power of knowledge: information transfer and acai intensification in the peri-urban interface of Belem, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems, 74(3), 293-302.

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Lidskog, R. & Löfmarck, E. (2016). Fostering a flexible forest: Challenges and strategies in the advisory practice of a deregulated forest management system. Forest Policy and Economics, 62, 177-183. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.10.015

Lindbladh, M., Felton, A., Trubins, R., & Sallnäs, O. (2011). A landscape and policy perspective on forest conversion: Long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus) and the allocation of deciduous forests in southern Sweden. European Journal of Forest Research, 130, 861-869. doi - 10.1007/s10342-010-0478-9

Lind-Riehl, J., Jeltema, S., Morrison, M., Shirkey, G., Mayer, A. L., Rouleau, M. D., & Winkler, R. (2015). Family legacies and community networks shape private forest management in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan (USA). Land Use Policy, 45, 95-102. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.005

Lobovikov, M., Schoene, D., & Yping, L. (2012). Bamboo in climate change and rural livelihoods. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 17(3), 261-276. doi - 10.1007/s11027-011-9324-8

Locke, C. M. & Rissman, A. R. (2012). Unexpected co-benefits: Forest connectivity and property tax incentives. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(3-4), 418-425. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.022

Locke, C. M. & Rissman, A. R. (2015). Factors influencing zoning ordinance adoption in rural and exurban townships. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 167-176. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.002

Long, A. J. & Nair, P. R. (1999). Trees outside forests: agro-, community, and urban forestry. New Forests, 17(1-3), 145-174. doi - 10.1023/A:1006523425548

López, S. & Sierra, R. (2011). A resource demand model of indigenous production: The Jivaroan cultivation systems of Western Amazonia. Agricultural Systems, 104(3), 246-257. doi - 10.1016/j.agsy.2010.10.003

Lybbert, T. J., Aboudrare, A., Chaloud, D., Magnan, N., & Nash, M. (2011). Booming markets for Moroccan argan oil appear to benefit some rural households while threatening the endemic argan forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108(34), 13963-13968. doi - 10.1073/pnas.1106382108

Ma, Z., Butler, B. J., Kittredge, D. B., & Catanzaro, P. (2012). Factors associated with landowner involvement in forest conservation programs in the U.S.: Implications for policy design and outreach. Land Use Policy, 29, 53-61. doi - 0.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.004

Ma, Z., Butler, B. J., Catanzaro, P. F., Greene, J. L., Hewes, J. H., Kilgore, M. A., Kittredge, D. B., & Tyrrell, M. (2014). The effectiveness of state preferential property tax programs in conserving forests: Comparisons, measurements, and challenges. Land Use Policy, 36, 492-499. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.016

Maas, B., Tscharntke, T., Saleh, S., Putra, D. D., & Clough, Y. (2015). Avian species identity drives predation success in tropical cacao agroforestry. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, 735-743. doi - 10.1111/1365-2664.12409

Mahapatra, A. K & Mitchell, C. P. (2001). Classifying tree planters and non planters in a subsistence farming system using a discriminant analytical approach. Agroforestry Systems, 52(1), 41-52. doi - 10.1023/A:1010684307695

Makungwa, S. D., Chittock, A., Skole, D. L., Kanyama-Phiri, G. Y., & Woodhouse, I. H. (2013). Allometry for biomass estimation in Jatropha trees planted as boundary hedge in farmers' fields. Forests, 4, 218-233. doi - 10.3390/f4020218

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Mandondo, A., German, L., Utila, H., & Nthenda, U. M. (2014). Assessing societal benefits and trade-offs of tobacco in the Miombo woodlands of Malawi. Human Ecology, 42, 1-19. doi - 10.1007/s10745-013-9620-x

Manzi, M. & Coomes, O. T. (2009). Managing Amazonian palms for community use: A case of aguaje palm (Mauritia flexuosa) in Peru. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 510-517. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.038

Måren, I. E., Bhattarai, K. R., & Chaudhary, R. P. (2014). Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayan forest management systems. Environmental Conservation, 41(1), 73-83. doi - 10.1017/S0376892913000258

Markowski-Lindsay, M., Stevens, T., Kittredge, D. B., Butler, B. J., Catanzaro, P., & Damery, D. (2012). Family forest owner preferences for biomass harvesting in Massachusetts. Forest Policy and Economics, 14(1), 127-135. doi - 0.1016/j.forpol.2011.08.001

Markowski-Lindsay, M., Catanzaro, P., Milman, A., & Kittredge, D. B. (2016). Understanding family forest land future ownership and use: Exploring conservation bequest motivations. Small-scale Forestry, 15, 241-256. doi - 10.1007/s11842-015-9320-z

Markowski-Lindsay, M., Catanzaro, P., Bell, K., Kittredge, D. B., Leahy, J., Butler, B. J., Markowitz, E., Milman, A., Zimmerer, R., Allred, S., & Sisock, M. (2017). Estate planning as a forest stewardship tool: A study of family land ownerships in the northeastern US. Forest Policy and Economics, 83(36-44). doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.06.004

Mathieu, J., Rossi, J-. P., Mora, P., Lavelle, P., da S Martins, P. F., Rouland, C., & Grimaldi, M. (2005). Recovery of soil macrofauna communities after forest clearance in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Conservation Biology, 19(5), 1598-1605. doi - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00200.x

Matilainen, A. & Lähdesmäki, M. (2014). Nature-based tourism in private forests: Stakeholder management balancing the interests of entrepreneurs and forest owners? Journal of Rural Studies, 35, 70-79. doi - 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.04.007

Matta, J. R., Alavalapati, J., & Tanner, G. (2007). A framework for developing market-based policies to further biodiversity on non-industrial private forests (NIPF). Forest Policy and Economics, 9, 779-788. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2006.03.008

Matta, J. R., Alavalapati, J. R. R., & Mercer, D. E. (2009). Incentives for biodiversity conservation beyond the best management practices: Are forestland owners interested? Land Economics, 85(1), 132-143. doi - 10.3368/le.85.1.132

Mayer, A. L. & Rouleau, M. D. (2013). ForestSim model of impacts of smallholder dynamics: Forested landscapes of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2013, 520207. doi - 10.1155/2013/520207

Mayer, A. L. & Tikka, P. M. (2006). Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests. Environmental Science and Policy, 9, 614-625. doi - 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.07.004

Mayfield, A. E., Nowak, J., & Moses, G. C. (2006). Southern pine beetle prevention in Florida: Assessing landowner awareness, attitudes, and actions. Journal of Forestry, 104(5), 241-247. doi - 10.1093/jof/104.5.241

Mbow, C., Smith, P., Skole, D., Duguma, L., & Bustamante, M. (2014). Achieving mitigation and adaptation to climate change through sustainable agroforestry practices in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 6, 8-14. doi - 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.09.002

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McCarthy, J. F. & Cramb, R. A. (2009). Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers. The Geographical Journal, 175(2), 112-123. doi - 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2009.00322.x

McCracken, S. D., Brondizio, E. S., Nelson, D., Moran, E. F., Siqueira, A. D., & Rodriguez-Pedraza, C. (1999). Remote sensing and GIS at farm property level: Demography and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65(11), 1311-1320.

McDonald, R. I., Motzkin, G., Bank, M. S., Kittredge, D. B., Burk, J., & Foster, D. R. (2006). Forest harvesting and land-use conversion over two decades in Massachusetts. Forest Ecology and Management, 227, 31-41. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.006

McDonald, R. I., Motzkin, G., & Foster, D. R. (2008). The effect of logging on vegetation composition in Western Massachusetts. Forest Ecology and Management, 255, 4021-4031. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.054

McEvoy, D., Jones, M., McKee, M., & Talberth, J. (2014). Incentivizing cooperative agreements for sustainable forest management: Experimental tests of alternative structures and institutional rules. Forest Policy and Economics, 44, 34-41. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2014.03.006

Mehmood, S. R. & Zhang, D. (2002). Causes for continuation of state cost-share programs for nonindustrial private forest landowners. Forest Science, 48(3), 471-478. doi - 10.1093/forestscience/48.3.471

Méndez, V. E., Gliessman, S. R., & Gilbert, G. S. (2007). Tree biodiversity in farmer cooperatives of a shade coffee landscape in western El Salvado. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119(1-2), 145-159. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.004

Mertz, O., Müller, D., Sikor, T., Hett, C., Heinimann, A., Castella, J-. C., Lestrelin, G., Ryan, C. M., Reay, D. S., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Danielsen, F., Theilade, I., van Noordwijk, M., Verchot, L. V., Burgess, N. D., Berry, N. J., Pham, T. T., Messerli, P., Xu, J., Fensholt, R., Hostert, P., Pflugmacher, D., Brunn, T. B., de Neergaard, A., Dons, K., Dewi, S., Rutishauser, E., & Sun, Z. (2012). The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+. Danish Journal of Geography, 112(1), 63-76. doi - 10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

Meyfroidt, P., Carlson, K. M., Fagan, M. E., Gutiérrez-Vélez, V. H., Macedo, M. N., Curran, L. M., DeFries, R. S., Dyer, G. A., Gibbs, H. K., Lambin, E. F., Morton, D. C., & Robiglio, V. (2014). Multiple pathways of commodity crop expansion in tropical forest landscapes. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 074012. doi - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074012/meta

Michalski, F., Metzger, J. P., & Peres, C. A. (2010). Rural property size drives patterns of upland and riparian forest retention in a tropical deforestation frontier. Global Environmental Change, 20, 705-712. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.010

Mikulić, K., Radović, A., Kati, V. I., Jelaska, S. D., & Tepić, N. (2014). Effects of land abandonment on bird communities of smallholder farming landscapes in post-war Croatia: implications for conservation policies. Community Ecology, 15(2), 169-179. doi - 10.1556/ComEc.15.2014.2.5

Miller, D. C., Munoz-Mora, J. C., & Christiaensen, L. (2017). Prevalence, economic contribution, and determinants of trees on farms across Sub-Saharan Africa. Forest Policy and Economics, 84, 47-61. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.12.005

Millington, J., Romero-Calcerrada, R., Wainwright, J., & Perry, G. L. W. (2008). An agent-based model of Mediterranean agricultural land-use/cover change for examining wildfire

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risk. The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 11(4), 4. doi - 10.1007/s10021-007-9020-4

Milne, E., Neufeldt, H., Rosenstock, T., Smalligan, M., Cerri, C. E., Malin, D., Easter, M., Bernoux, M., Ogle, S., Casarim, F., Pearson, T., Bird, D. N., Steglich, E., Ostwald, M., Denef, K., & Paustian, K. (2013). Methods for the quantification of GHG emissions at the landscape level for developing countries in smallholder contexts. Environmental Research Letters, 8, 015019. doi - 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015019

Milne, R. J. & Bennett, L. P. (2007). Biodiversity and ecological value of conservation lands in agricultural landscapes of southern Ontario, Canada. Landscape Ecology, 22(5), 657-670. doi - 10.1007/s10980-006-9063-5

Min, S., Waibel, H., Cadisch, G., Langenberger, G., Bai, J., & Huang, J. (2017). The economics of smallholder rubber farming in a mountainous region of southwest China: Elevation, ethnicity, and risk. Mountain Research and Development, 37(3), 281-293. doi - 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00088.1

Min-Venditti, A. A., Moore, G. W., & Fleischman, F. (2017). What policies improve forest cover? A systematic review of research from Mesoamerica. Global Environmental Change, 47(21-27). doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.010

Mogeris, G., Brukas, V., Stanislovaitis, A., Kavaliauskas, M., & Palicinas, M. (2017). Owner mapping for forest scenario modelling - A Lithuanian case study. Forest Policy and Economics, 85(2), 235-244. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.02.002

Mondal, P., Butler, B. J., Kittredge, D. B., & Moser, W. K. (2013). How are America's private forests changing? An integrated assessment of ofrest management, housing pressure, and urban development in alternate emissions scenarios. Land Use Policy, 32, 230-238. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.014

Mönkkönen, M., Ylisirniö, A-. L., & Hämäläinen, T. (2009). Ecological efficiency of voluntary conservation of boreal-forest biodiversity. Conservation Biology, 23(2), 339-347. doi - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01082.x

Moreno-Calles, A. I., Casas, A., García-Frapolli, E., & Torres-García, I. (2012). Traditional agroforestry systems of multi-crop "milpa" and "chichipera" cactus forest in the arid Tehuacan Valley, Mexico: their management and role in people's subsistence. Agroforestry Systems, 84(2), 207-226. doi - 10.1007/s10457-011-9460-x

Müller, D. & Munroe, D. K. (2008). Changing rural landscapes in Albania: Cropland abandonment and forest clearing in the postsocialist transition. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 98(4), 855-876. doi - 10.1080/00045600802262323

Naidoo, R. (2004). Species richness and community composition of songbirds in a tropical forest-agricultural landscape. Animal Conservation, 7, 93-105. doi - 10.1017/S1367943003001185

Nair, P. K. R. (1998). Directions in tropical agroforestry research: Past, present, and future. Agroforestry Systems, 38(1-3), 223-245. doi - 10.1023/A:1005943729654

Nakakaawa, C., Aune, J., & Vedeld, P. (2010). Changes in carbon stocks and tree diversity in agro-ecosystems in south western Uganda: what role for carbon sequestration payments? New Forests, 40, 19-44. doi - 10.1007/s11056-009-9180-5

Nath, S., Jyoti Nath, A., Sileshi, G. W., Kumar Das, A. (2017). Biomass stocks and carbon storage in Barringtonia acutangula. Biomass & Bioenergy, 98, 37-42. doi- 10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.01.014

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Nielsen-Pincus, M., Ribe, R. G., & Johnson, B. R. (2015). Spatially and socially segmenting private landowner motivations, properties, and management: A typology for the wildland urban interface. Landscape and Urban Planning, 137, 1-12. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.020

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Pacheco, P. (2012). Smallholders and communities in timber markets: Conditions shaping diverse forms of engagement in tropical Latin America. Conservation and Society, 10(2), 114-123. doi - 10.4103/0972-4923.97484

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Palander, T., Ovaskainen, H., & Tikkanen, L. (2009). Profiles of private forest owners and the importance of landscape-scale management in the timber trade process of Finnish wood procurement. Forestry, 82(2), 227-239. doi - 10.1093/forestry/cpp006

Papworth, S., Rao, M., Oo, M. M., Latt, K. T., Tizard, R., Pienkowski, T., & Carrasco, L. R. (2017). The impact of gold mining and agricultural concessions on the tree cover and local communities in northern Myanmar. Scientific Reports, 7, 46594. doi - 10.1038/srep46594

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Parry, L., Barlow, J., & Peres, C. A. (2009). Hunting for sustainability in tropical secondary forests. Conservation Biology, 23(5), 1270-1280. doi – 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01224.x

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Pauli, N., Barrios, E., Conacher, A. J., & Oberthür, T. (2011). Soil macrofauna in agricultural landscapes dominated by the Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system, western Honduras. Applied Soil Ecology, 47, 119-132. doi - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.11.005

Pérez-Llorente, I., Paneque-Gálvez, J., Luz, A. C., Macía, M. J., Guèze, M., Domínguez-Gómez, J. A., & Reyes-García, V. (2013). Changing indigenous cultures, economies and landscapes: The case of the Tsimane', Bolivian Amazon. Landscape and Urban Planning, 120, 147-157. doi - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.08.015

Permadi, D. B., Burton, M., Pandit, R., Walker, I., & Race, D. (2017). Which smallholders are willing to adopt Acacia magium under long-term contracts? Evidence from a choice experiment study in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 65, 211-223. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.04.015

Pinard, F., Joetzjer, E., Kindt, R., & Kehlenbeck, K. (2014). Are coffee agroforestry systems suitable for circa situm conservation of indigenous trees? A case study from Central Kenya. Biodiversity Conservation, 23, 467-495. doi - 10.1007/s10531-013-0615-0

Plieninger, T., Ferranto, S., Huntsinger, L., Kelly, M., & Getz, C. (2012). Appreciation, use, and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in California's working landscapes. Environmental Management, 50(3), 427-440. doi - 10.1007/s00267-012-9900-z

Plieninger, T., Bieling, C., Fagerholm, N., Byg, A., Hartel, T., Hurley, P., Lopez-Santiago, C. A., Nagabhatla, N., Oteros-Rozas, E., Raymond, C. M., van der Horst, D., & Huntsinger, L. (2015). The role of cultural ecosystem services in landscape management and

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planning. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 14, 28-33. doi - 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.006

Pocewicz, A., Nielsen-Pincus, M., Goldberg, C. S., Johnson, M. H., Morgan, P., Force, J. E., Waits, L. P., & Vierling, L. (2008). Predicting land use change: comparison of models based on landowner surveys and historical land cover trends. Landscape Ecology, 23, 195-210. doi - 10.1007/s10980-007-9159-6

Pokorny, B. & de Jong, W. (2015). Smallholders and forest landscape transitions: Locally devised development strategies of the tropical Americas. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 1-19. doi - 10.1505/146554815814668981

Põllumäe, P., Korjus, H., & Paluots, T. (2014). Management motives of Estonian private forest owners. Forest Policy and Economics, 42, 8-14. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2014.02.007

Ponette-González, A, G. (2007). 2001: A household analysis of Huastec Maya agriculture and land use at the height of the coffee crisis. Human Ecology, 35, 289-301. doi - 10.1007/s10745-006-9091-4

Porro, R., Porro, N. S. M., Menezes, M. C., & Bartholdson, Ö. (2015). Collective action and forest management: Institutional challenges for the environmental agrarian reform in Anapu, Brazilian Amazon. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 20-37. doi – 10.1505/146554815814668990

Poudyal, N. C., Joshi, O., Hodges, D. G., & Hoyt, K. (2014). Factors related with nonindustrial private forest landowners' forest conversion decision in Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee. Forest Science, 60(5), 988-993. doi - 10.5849/forsci.13-622

Powell, B., Hall, J., & Johns, T. (2011). Forest cover, use and dietary intake in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. International Forestry Review, 13(3), 305-317. doi - 10.1505/146554811798293944

Prabowo, W. E., Darras, K., Clough, Y., Toledo-Hernandez, M., Arlettaz, R., Mulyani, Y. A., & Tscharntke, T. (2016). Bird responses to lowland rainforest conversion in Sumatran smallholder landscapes, Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0154876. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154876

Quandt, A. (2016). Farmers and forest conservation: How might land sparing work in practice? Society and Natural Resources, 29(4), 418-431. doi – 10.1080/08941920.2015.1095381

Quincey, D. J., Luckman, A., Hessel, R., Davies, R., Sankhayan, P. L., & Balla, M. K. (2007). Fine-resolution remote-sensing and modelling of Himalayan catchment sustainability. Remote Sensing of Environment, 107(3), 430-439. doi - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.021

Radel, C., Schmook, B., & McCandless, S. (2010). Environment, transnational labor migration, and gender: case studies from southern Yucatán, Mexico and Vermont, USA. Population and Environment, 32, 177-197. doi - 10.1007/s11111-010-0124-y

Rafflegeau, S., Michel-Dounais, I., Tailliez, B., Ndigui, B., & Papy, F. (2010). Unexpected N and K nutrition diagnosis in oil palm smallholdings using references of high-yielding industrial plantations. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, 777-787. doi - 10.1051/agro/2010019

Rahman, S. A., Rahman, M. F., & Sunderland, T. (2014). Increasing tree cover in degrading landscapes: 'Integration' and 'intensification' of smallholder forest culture in the Alutilla Valley, Matiranga, Bangladesh. Small-scale Forestry, 13, 237-249. doi - 10.1007/s11842-013-9251-5

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Rahman, S. A., Sunderland, T., Kshatriya, M., Roshetko, J. M., Pagella, T., & Healey, J. R. (2016). Towards productive landscapes: Trade-offs in tree cover and income across a matrix of smallholder agricultural land-use systems. Land Use Policy, 58, 152-164. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.003

Rahman, S. A., Sunderland, T., Roshetko, J. M., & Healey, J. R. (2017). Facilitating smallholder tree farming in fragmented tropical landscapes: Challenges and potentials for sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 198(110-121). doi - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.047

Rai, R. K., Scarborough, H., Subedi, N., & Lamichhane, B. (2012). Invasive plants - Do they devastate or diversify rural livelihoods? Rural farmers' perception of three invasive plants in Nepal. Journal for Nature Conservation, 20(3), 170-176. doi - 10.1016/j.jnc.2012.01.003

Rana, P. & Chhatre, A. (2016). Rules and exceptions: regulatory challenges to private tree felling in northern India. World Development, 77, 143-153. doi - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.022

Rendenieks, Z., Nikodemus, O., & Brūmelis, G. (2015). The implications of stand composition, age and spatial patterns of forest regions with different ownership type for management optimisation in northern Latvia. Forest Ecology and Management, 335, 216-224. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.10.001

Renwick, A. R., Vickery, J. A., Potts, S. G., Bolwig, S., Nalwanga, D., Pomeroy, D. E., Mushabe, D., & Atkinson, P. W. (2014). Achieving production and conservation simultaneously in tropical agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 192, 130-134. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.011

Ribeiro Palacios, M., Huber-Sannwald, E., Barrios, L. G., de Paz, F. P., JC Hernández, J. C., & Mendoza, M. de G. G. (2013). Landscape diversity in a rural territory: Emerging land use mosaics coupled to livelihood diversification. Land Use Policy, 30, 814-824. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.007

Richards, P, D. (2011). Soy, cotton, and the final Atlantic forest frontier. The Professional Geographer, 63(3), 343-363. doi - 10.1080/00330124.2011.566516

Rickenbach, M. G., Kittredge, D. B., Dennis, D., & Stevens, T. (1998). Ecosystem management: Capturing the concept for woodland owners. Journal of Forestry, 96(4), 18-24.

Rickenbach, M. G., & Gobster, P. H. (2003). Stakeholders' perceptions of parcelization in Wisconsin's Northwoods. Journal of Forestry, 101(6), 18-23. doi - 10.1093/jof/101.6.18

Rickenbach, M. G., Guries, R. P., & Schmoldt, D. L. (2006). Membership matters: comparing members and non-members of NIPF owner organizations in southwest Wisconsin, USA. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(1), 93-103. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2004.05.006

Rickenbach, M. G. & Reed, A. S. (2002). Cross-boundary cooperation in a watershed context: The sentiments of private forest landowners. Environmental Management, 30(4), 584-594. doi - 10.1007/s00267-002-2688-5

Riedel, J., Dorn, S., Plath, M., Potvin, C., & Mody, K. (2013). Time matters: Temporally changing effects of planting schemes and insecticide treatment on native timber tree performance on former pasture. Forest Ecology and Management, 297, 49-56. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.003

Robinson, E. J. Z. & Lokina, R. B. (2011). A spatial-temporal analysis of the impact of access restrictions on forest landscapes and household welfare in Tanzania. Forest Policy and Economics, 13(1), 79-85. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.08.003

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Rocha, R., Virtanen, T., & Cabeza, M. (2015). Bird assemblages in a Malagasy forest-agricultural frontier: effects of habitat structure and forest cover. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(3), 681-710. doi - 10.1177/194008291500800307

Rocheleau, D., Ross, L., Morrobel, J., Malaret, L., Hernandez, R., & Kominiak, R. (2001). Complex communities and emergent ecologies in the regional agroforest of Zambrana-Chacuey, Dominican Republic. Ecumene, 8(4), 465-492. doi - 10.1177/096746080100800405

Rockwell, C. A. & Kainer, K. A. (2015). Local and scientific perspectives on the bamboo-dominated forest in Acre, Brazil: A complementary knowledge base for multiple-use forest management. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 51-64. doi - 10.1505/146554815814668945

Rosa, I. M. D., Souza Jr., C. M., & Ewers, R. M. (2012). Changes in size of deforested patches in the Brazilian Amazon. Conservation Biology, 26(5), 932-937. doi - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01901.x

Rosa, M. F., Bonham, C. A., Dempewolf, J., & Arakwiye, B. (2017). An integrated approach to monitoring ecosystem services and agriculture: implications for sustainable agricultural intensification in Rwanda. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(1), 15. doi - 10.1007/s10661-016-5607-6

Ross-Davis, A. & Broussard, S. (2007). A typology of family forest owners in north central Indiana. Northern Journal of Applied Forests, 24(4), 282-289. doi - 10.1093/njaf/24.4.282

Roth, P. A., JC Finley, KW Zobrist, DM Baumgartner. (2003). Computer technology helps family forest owners in Pennsylvania and Washington. Journal of Forestry, Apr/May, 132-135.

Rouleau, M. D., Lind-Riehl, J. F., Smith, M. N., & Mayer, A. L. (2016). Failure to communicate: Inefficiencies in voluntary incentive programs for private forest owners in Michigan. Forests, 7(9), 199. doi - 10.3390/f7090199

Rousseau, L., Fonte, S. J., Téllez, O., van der Hoek, R., & Lavelle, P. (2013). Soil macrofauna as indicators of soil quality and land use impacts in smallholder agroecosystems of western Nicaragua. Ecological Indicators, 27, 71-82. doi - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020

Rowland, D., A Ickowitz, B Powell, R Nasi, T Sunderland. (2017). Forest foods and healthy diets: quantifying the contributions. Environmental Conservation, 44(2), 102-114.

Rudel, T. K., Bates, D., & Machinguiashi, R. (2002). Ecological noble Amerindians? Cattle ranching and cash cropping among Shuar and colonists in Ecuador. Latin American Research Review, 37(1), 144-159.

Rudel, T. K. (2015). Have tropical deforestation's changing dynamics created conservation opportunities? A historical analysis. Environmental Conservation, 42(2), 108-118. doi - 10.1017/S0376892914000228

Rueda, X., Thomas, N. E., & Lambin, E. F. (2015). Eco-certification and coffee cultivation enhance tree cover and forest connectivity in the Colombian coffee landscapes. Regional Environmental Change, 15, 25-33. doi - 10.1007/s10113-014-0607-y

Ruf, F. O. (2011). The myth of complex cocoa agroforests: the case of Ghana. Human Ecology, 39, 373-388. doi - 10.1007/s10745-011-9392-0

Sader, S. A., Jin, S., Metzler, J. W., & Hoppus, M. (2006). Exploratory analysis of forest harvest and regeneration pattern among multiple landowners. The Forestry Chronicle, 82(2), 203-210. doi - 10.5558/tfc82203-2

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Safransky, S. (2014). Greening the urban frontier: Race, property, and resettlement in Detroit. Geoforum, 56, 237-248. doi - 10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.06.003

Sandewall, H. K., Wu, S., Khoa, P. V., He, Y., & Ohlsson, B. (2015). Policies to promote household based plantation forestry and their impacts on livelihoods and the environment: cases from Ethiopia, China, Vietnam and Sweden. International Forestry Review, 17(1), 98-111. doi - 10.1505/146554815814725059

Sandewall, M., Ohlsson, B., Sandewall, R. K., & Viet, K. S. (2010). The expansion of farm-based forestry in Vietnam. Ambio, 39(8), 567-579. doi - 10.1007/s13280-010-0089-1

Sandker, M., Nyame, S. K., Förster, J., Collier, N., Shepherd, G., Yeboah, D., Ezzine-de Blas, D., Machwitz, M., Vaatainen, S., Garedew, E., Etoga, G., Ehringhaus, C., Anati, J., Quarm, O. D. K., & Campbell, B. M. (2010). REDD payments as incentive for reducing forest loss. Conservation Letters, 3(2), 114-121. doi - 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00095.x

Sayer, J., Ghazoul, J., Nelson, P., & Boedhihartono, A. K. (2012). Oil palm expansion transforms tropical landscapes and livelihoods. Global Food Security, 1(2), 114-119. doi - 10.1016/j.gfs.2012.10.003

Scales, I. R. (2011). Farming at the Forest Frontier: Land Use and Landscape Change in Western Madagascar, 1896-2005. Environment and History, 17(4), 499-524. doi - 10.3197/096734011X13150366551481

Scantena, F. N., Walker, R. T., Homma, A. K. O., deConto, A. J., Ferreira, C. A. P., Carvalho, R. D., daRocha, A. C. P. N., Santos, A. I. M. D., & deOliveira, P. M. (1996). Cropping and fallow sequences of small farms in the "terra firme" landscape of the Brazilian Amazon: A case study from Santarem, Para. Ecological Economics, 18(1), 29-40. doi - 10.1016/0921-8009(95)00055-0

Schaich, H., & Plieninger, T. (2013). Land ownership drives stand structure and carbon storage of deciduous temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 305, 146-157. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.013

Scherr, S. J. (2004). Building opportunities for small-farm agroforestry to supply domestic wood markets in developing countries. Agroforestry Systems, 61-2(1), 357-370. doi - 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000029010.97567.2b

Schmerbeck, J., Kohli, A., & Seeland, K. (2015). Ecosystem services and forest fires in India - Context and policy implications from a case study in Andhra Pradesh. Forest Policy and Economics, 50, 337-346. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2014.09.012

Schmitt-Harsh, M., Evans, T. P., Castellanos, E., & Randolph, J. C. (2012). Carbon stocks in coffee agroforests and mixed dry tropical forests in the western highlands of Guatemala. Agroforestry Systems, 86, 141-157. doi - 10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x

Schneider, C., Coudel, E., Cammelli, F., & Sablayrolles, P. (2015). Small-scale farmers' needs to end deforestation: Insights for REDD+ in São Felix do Xingu (Pará, Brazil). International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 124-142. doi - 10.1505/146554815814668963

Schulte, L. A., Rickenbach, M., & Merrick, L. C. (2008). Ecological and economic benefits of cross-boundary coordination among private forest landowners. Landscape Ecology, 23(4), 481-496. doi - 10.1007/s10980-008-9207-x

Schulte-Herbrüggen, B., Rowcliffe, J. M., Homewood, K., Kurpiers, L. A., Whitham, C., & Cowlishaw, G. (2013). Wildlife depletion in a West African farm-forest mosaic and the implications for hunting across the landscape. Human Ecology, 41(6), 795-806. doi - 10.1007/s10745-013-9609-5

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Schwan, T. D. & Elliott, K. A. (2010). Effects of diameter-limit by-laws on forestry practices, economics, and regional wood supply for private woodlands in southwestern Ontario. Forestry Chronicle, 86(5), 623-635. doi - 10.5558/tfc86623-5

Semwal, R. L., Nautiyal, S., Sen, K. K., Rana, U., Maikhuri, R. K., Rao, K. S., & Saxena, K. G. (2004). Patterns and ecological implications of agricultural land-use-changes: a case study from central Himalaya, India. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 102(1), 81-92. 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00228-7

Seo, S. N. (2010). Managing forests, livestock, and crops under global warming: a micro-econometric analysis of land use changes in Africa. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54(2), 239-258. doi - 10.1111/j.1467-8489.2010.00487.x

Shackleton, R., Shackleton, C., Shackleton, S., & Gambiza, J. (2013). Deararianisation and forest revegetation in a biodiversity hotspot on the Wild Coast, South Africa. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e76939. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0076939

Sharma, D., Vergara-Asenjo, G., Cunampio, M., Cunampio, R. B., Cunampio, M. B., & Potvin, C. (2015). Genesis of an indigenous social-ecological landscape in eastern Panama. Ecology and Society, 20(4), 37. doi - 10.5751/ES-07897-200437

Sharma, D., Holmes, I., Vergara-Asenjo, G., Miller, W. N., Cunampio, M., Cunampio, R. B., Cunampio, M. B., & Potvin, C. (2016). A comparison of influences on the landscape of two social-ecological systems. Land Use Policy, 57, 499-513. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.06.018

Shaver, I., Chain-Guadarrama, A., Cleary, K. A., Sanfiorenzo, A., Santiago-García, R. J., Finegan, B., Hormel, L., Sibelet, N., Vierling, L. A., Bosque-Pérez, N. A., DeClerck, F., Fagan, M. E., & Waits, L. P. (2015). Coupled social and ecological outcomes of agricultural intensification in Costa Rica and the future of biodiversity conservation in tropical agricultural regions. Global Environmental Change, 32, 74-86. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.006

Shi, H., Zhao, M., Aregay, F. A., Zhao, K., & Jiang, Z. (2016). Residential environment induced preference heterogeneity for river ecosystem service improvements: A comparison between urban and rural households in the Wei River Basin, China. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2016, 6253915. doi - 10.1155/2016/6253915

Shumsky, S., Hickey, G. M., Johns, T., Pelletier, B., & Galaty, J. (2014). Institutional factors affecting wild edible plant (WEP) harvest and consumption in semi-arid Kenya. Land Use Policy, 38, 48-69. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.10.014

Sinclair, K. D. & Knuth, B. A. (2000). Nonindustrial private forest landowner use of geographic data: A precondition for ecosystem-based management. Society and Natural Resources, 13(6), 521-536. doi - 10.1080/08941920050114583

Sinu, P. A., Kent, S. M., & Chandrashekara, K. (2012). Forest resource use and perception of farmers on conservation of a usufruct forest (Soppinabetta) of Western Ghats, India. Land Use Policy, 29(3), 702-709. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.006

Skutsch, M., Borrego, A., Morales-Barquero, L., Paneque-Gálvez, J., Salinas-Melgoza, M., MI Ramirez, Perez-Salicrup, D., Benet, D., Monroy, S., & Gao, Y. (2015). Opportunities, constraints and perceptions of rural communities regarding their potential to contribute to forest landscape transitions under REDD+: case studies from Mexico. International Forestry Review, 17(S1), 65-84. doi - 10.1505/146554815814669025

Smajgl, A., Xu, J. C., Egan, S., Yi, Z. F., Ward, J., & Su, Y. F. (2015). Assessing the effectiveness of payments for ecosystem services for diversifying rubber in Yunnan, China. Environmental Modelling and Software, 69, 187-195. doi - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.03.014

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Snyder, S. A. & Butler, B. J. (2012). A national assessment of public recreational access on family forest lands in the United States. Journal of Forestry, 110(6), 318-327. doi - 10.5849/jof.11-090

Soriano, M., Mohren, F., Ascarrunz, N., Dressler, W., & Peña-Claros, M. (2017). Socio-ecological costs of Amazon nut and timber production at community household forests in the Bolivian Amazon. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0170594. doi - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170594

Sorice, M. G., Kreuter, U. P., Wilcox, B. P., & Fox III, W. E. (2012). Classifying land-ownership motivations in central Texas, USA: A first step in understanding drivers of large-scale land cover change. Journal of Arid Environments, 80, 56-64. doi - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.01.004

Sorice, M. G., Oh, C-. O., Gartner, T., Snieckus, M., Johnson, R., & Donlan, C. J. (2013). Increasing participation in incentive programs for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Applications, 23(5), 1146-1155. doi - 10.1890/12-1878.1

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Spies, T. A., McComb, B. C., Kennedy, R. S. H., Mcgrath, M. T., Olsen, K., & Pabst, R. J. (2007). Potential effects of forest policies on terrestrial biodiversity in a multi-ownership province. Ecological Applications, 17(1), 48-65. doi - 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0048:PEOFPO]2.0.CO;2

Sreeja, K. G., Madhusoodhanan, C. G., & Eldho, T. I. (2015). Transforming river basins: Post-livelihood transition agricultural landscapes and implications for natural resource governance. Journal of Environmental Management, 159, 254-263. doi - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.021

Stanfield, B. J., Bliss, J. C., & Spies, T. A. (2002). Land ownership and landscape structure: a spatial analysis of sixty-six Oregon (USA) Coast Range watersheds. Landscape Ecology, 17(8), 685-697. doi - 10.1023/A:1022977614403

Steen-Adams, M. M., Langston, N., Adams, M. D. O., & Mladenoff, D. J. (2015). Historical framework to explain long-term coupled human and natural system feedbacks: application to a multiple-ownership forest landscape in the northern Great Lakes region, USA. Ecology and Society, 20(1), 28. doi - 10.5751/ES-06930-200128

Stolle, F. & Lambin, E. F. (2003). Interprovincial and interannual differences in the causes of land-use fires in Sumatra, Indonesia. Environmental Conservation, 30(4), 375-387. doi - 10.1017/S0376892903000390

Su, S., Yang, C., Hu, Y., Luo, F., & Wang, Y. (2014). Progressive landscape fragmentation in relation to cash crop cultivation. Applied Geography, 53, 20-31. doi - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.002

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Sükamäki, J. & Layton, D. F. (2007). Potential cost-effectiveness of incentive payment programs for the protection of non-industrial private forests. Land Economics, 83(4), 539-560. doi - 10.3368/le.83.4.539

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Suyanto, S., Tomich, T. P., & Otsuka, K. (2001). Land tenure and farm management efficiency: the case of smallholder rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems, 52, 145-160. doi - 10.1023/A:1010625019030

Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., & Shennan, C. (2014). Coffee landscapes as refugia for native woody biodiversity as forest loss continues in southwest Ethiopia. Biological Conservation, 169, 384-391. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.034

Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., & Shennan, C. (2014). Effects of land-use changes on woody species distribution and above-ground carbon storage of forest-coffee systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 197, 21-30. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2014.07.008

Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, C., & FitzSimmons, M. (2014). Local ecosystem service use and assessment vary with socio-ecological conditions: A case of native coffee-forests in southwestern Ethiopia. Human Ecology, 42(6), 873-883. doi - 10.1007/s10745-014-9704-2

Taylor, M. J., Aguilar-Støen, M., Castellanos, E., Moran-Taylor, M. J., & Gerkin, K. (2016). International migration, land use change and the environment in Ixcan, Guatemala. Land Use Policy, 54, 290-301. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.02.024

Teuscher, M., Vorlaufer, M., Wollni, M., Brose, U., Mulyani, Y., & Clough, Y. (2015). Trade-offs between bird diversity and abundance, yields and revenue in smallholder oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 186, 306-318. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.022

Thellbro, C., Stjernström, O., Sandström, P., & Lidestav, G. (2017). Visualizing the forest in a boreal forest landscape - The perspective of Swedish municipal comprehensive planning. Forests, 8, 189. doi - 10.3390/f8060189

Thiha, E. W. & Honda, K. (2007). Biophysical and policy drivers of landscape change in a central Vietnamese district. Environmental Conservation, 34(2), 164-172. doi - 10.1017/S037689290700389X

Thompson, D. Y., Swallow, B. M., & Luckert, M. K. (2017). Costs of lost opportunities: Applying non-market valuation techniques to potential REDD plus participation in Cameroon. Forests, 8(3), 69. doi - 10.3390/f8030069

Thompson, J. R., Johnson, K. N., Lennette, M., Spies, T. A., & Bettinger, P. (2006). Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy in a multiowner province: a simulation experiment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 36(2), 401-417. doi - 10.1139/x05-247

Thongmanivong, S. & Fujita, Y. (2006). Recent land use and livelihood transitions in northern Laos. Mountain Research and Development, 26(3), 237-244. doi - 10.1659/0276-4741(2006)26[237:RLUALT]2.0.CO;2

Tian, N., Poudyal, N. C., Hodges, D. G., Young, T. M., & Hoyt, K. P. (2015). Understanding the factors influencing nonindustrial private forest landowner interest in supplying ecosystem services in Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee. Forests, 6(11), 3985-4000.doi - 10.3390/f6113985

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Toledo-Hernández, M., Denmead, L. H., Clough, Y., Raffiudin, R., & Tscharntke, T. (2016). Cultural homegarden management practices mediate arthropod communities in Indonesia. Journal of Insect Conservation, 20(3), 373-382. doi - 10.1007/s10841-016-9871-0

Tolera, M., Asfaw, Z., Lemenih, M., & Karltun, E. (2008). Woody species diversity in a changing landscape in the south-central highlands of Ethiopia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 128, 52-58. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.001

Tortini, R., Mayer, A. L., & Maianti, P. (2015). Using an OBCD approach and Landsat TM data to detect harvesting on nonindustrial private property in Upper Michigan. Remote Sensing, 7(6), 7809-7825. doi - 10.3390/rs70607809

Truax, B., Gagnon, D., Lambert, F., & Fortier, J. (2015). Multiple-use zoning model for private forest owners in agricultural landscapes: A case study. Forests, 6(10), 3614-3664. doi - 10.3390/f6103614

Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Bhagwat, S. A., Buchori, D., Faust, H., Hertel, D., Hölscher, D., Juhrbandt, J., Kessler, M., Perfecto, J., Scherber, C., Schroth, G., Veldkamp, E., & Wanger, T. C. (2011). Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - a review. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 619-629. doi - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x

Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Wanger, T. C., Jackson, L., Motzke, I., Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J., & Whitbread, A. (2012). Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation, 151, 53-59. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.068

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Turner, B. I. (2010). Sustainability and forest transitions in the southern Yucatán: The land architecture approach. Land Use Policy, 27(2), 170-179. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.03.006

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Tyrväinen, L., Mäntymaa, E., & Ovaskainen, Y. (2014). Demand for enhanced forest amenities in private lands: The case of the Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area, Finland. Forest Policy and Economics, 47(SI), 4-13. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.007

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Upton, V., Dhubháin, Á. N., & Bullock, C. (2015). Are forest attitudes shaped by the extent and characteristics of forests in the local landscape? Society and Natural Resources, 28(6), 641-656. doi - 10.1080/08941920.2014.933925

Urquhart, J., Courtney, P., & Slee, B. (2012). Private woodland owners' perspectives on multifunctionality in English woodlands. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(1), 95-106. doi - 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.08.006

Urquhart, J. & Courtney, P. (2011). Seeing the owner behind the trees: A typology of small-scale private woodland owners in England. Forest Policy and Economics, 13(7), 535-544. doi - 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.05.010

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Vaast, P. & Somarriba, E. (2014). Trade-offs between crop intensification and ecosystem services: the role of agroforestry in cocoa cultivation. Agroforestry Systems, 88, 947-956. doi - 10.1007/s10457-014-9762-x

Van den Hoek, J., Burnicki, A. C., Ozdogan, M., & Zhu, A. X. (2015). Using a pattern metric-based analysis to examine the success of forest policy implementation in southwest China. Landscape Ecology, 30(6), 1111-1127. doi - 10.1007/s10980-015-0171-y

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van Noordwijk, M., Suyamto, D. A., Lusiana, B., Ekadinata, A., & Hairiah, K. (2008). Facilitating agroforestation of landscapes for sustainable benefits: Tradeoffs between carbon stocks and local development benefits in Indonesia according to the FALLOW model. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 126, 98-112. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.016

van Vliet, N., Mertz, O., Heinimann, A., Langanke, T., Pascual, U., Schmook, B., Adams, C., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Messerli, P., Leisz, S., Castella, J. C., Jorgensen, L., Birch-Thomsen, T., Hett, C., Bruun, T. B., Ickowitz, A., Vu, K. C., Yasuyuki, Y., Fox, J., Padoch, C., Dressler, W., & Ziegler, A. D. (2012). Trends, drivers and impacts of changes in swidden cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: A global assessment. Global Environmental Change - Human and Policy Dimensions, 22(2), 418-429. doi - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.009

Vanderhaegen, K., Verist, B., Hundera, K., & Muys, B. (2015). REALU vs. REDD+: Carbon and biodiversity in the Afromontane landscapes of SW Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 343, 22-33. doi - 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.01.016

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Vogt, N. D., Pinedo-Vasquez, M., Brondízio, E. S., Rabelo, F. G., Fernandes, K., Almeida, O., Riveiro, S., Deadman, P. J., & Dou, Y. (2016). Local ecological knowledge and incremental adaptation to changing flood patterns in the Amazon delta. Sustainability Science, 11, 611-623. doi - 10.1007/s11625-015-0352-2

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Willis, J., Herbohn, J., Moreno, M. O. M., Avela, M. S., & Firn, J. (2017). Next-generation tropical forests: reforestation type affects recruitment of species and functional diversity in a human-dominated landscape. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(3), 772-783. doi - 10.1111/1365-2664.12770

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Wood, S., Rhemtulla, J. M., & Coomes, O. T. (2016). Intensification of tropical fallow-based agriculture: Trading-off ecosystem services for economic gain in shifting cultivation landscapes? Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 215, 47-56. doi - 10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.005

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Wynne, R., Joseph, K. A., Browder, J. O., & Summers, P. M. (2007). Comparing farmer-based and satellite-derived deforestation estimates in the Amazon basin using a hybrid classifier. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(6), 1299-1315. doi - 10.1080/01431160600928609

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Yi, Z.-F., Cannon, C. H., Chen, J., Ye, C-. X., & Swetnam, R. D. (2014). Developing indicators of economic value and biodiversity loss for rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna, southwest China: A case study from Menglun township. Ecological Indicators, 36, 788-797. doi - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.016

Zhang, M. X., Chang, C., & Quan, R. C. (2017). Natural forest at landscape scale is most important for bird conservation in rubber plantation. Biological Conservation, 210, 243-252. doi - 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.026

Zhang, Z. M., Zinda, J. A., & Li, W. Q. (2017). Forest transitions in Chinese villages: Explaining community-level variation under the returning forest to farmland program. Land Use Policy, 64, 245-257. doi - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.016

Zhen, L., Xie, G. D., Yang, L., & Cheng, S. K. (2007). Land use dynamics, farmers' preferences and policy implications in the Jinghe watershed of remote north-western China. Outlook on Agriculture, 36(2), 127-135. doi - 10.5367/000000007781159921

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Zobrist, K. W., Gehringer, K. R., & Lippke, B. R. (2004). Templates for sustainable riparian management on family forest ownerships. Journal of Forestry, 102(7), 19-25. doi - 10.1093/jof/102.7.19

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Cluster Analysis (using “Word similarity” and Pearson Correlation Coefficient) by Source. JPG can be expanded so that the titles become visible.

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