art and culture for upsc

7/25/2019 Art and Culture for UPSC

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Art Form Tribe Key features Place

ChadarBadar Santhal

Performing Art Puppetry thattells stories of Santhal way of life and migration

Terai region ofhimalayas

Saura Saura

Painting Similar to Warli butlarger and elongated. Naturalcolors are used

Odisha

Kalaripayattu Martial art One of the oldestghting systems in e!istence "erala

Silambam

Martial art Weapon basedmartial art. #ses animalmo$ements of tiger% sna&e%eagle forms and foot wor&patterns plays an importantrole'Kuttuvarasai part of silambam unarmed $ersion

Tamilnadu

Pari-Khanda (a)puts

Martial art Sword and shieldghting. Techni*ues are alsoused in chau dance

+ihar

Kondapallidolls

Sculpture Made from softPoni&i wood light% ,e!ibleand strong.

made piece by piece and arestuc& together using anadhesi$e paste made of tamarind seeds% followed witha coating of lime glue.

Andhrapradesh

Channapatnatoys

t raditional craft that isprotected as a geographicalindication - /0 under the World

Trade Organisation.

Natural dyes are used tocolour the toys and areblended with lac to ma&e lacstic&s which are then appliedto the nished wooden ob)ects.

This age old traditional artdates bac& to the reign of TipuSultan who is said to ha$ein$ited Persian artists to teachhis artisans the craft.

"arnata&a

Marapachi dolls

A male1female2ra)a1rani dollsusually gifted to bride inmarriage. Made from &ongutrees.

&nown for their intricatecar$ings and the elaborateattires that people dress themin.

Made in Tirupati

Andhra Pradesh

Tanjavur dolls

/ncluded in the o$ernment of /ndia eographical /ndications(egistry% the dancing dollsmade of wood pulp orpapiermach3 or clay. They arecalled so because of theirbobbing head and body% thatare made separately andbalanced such that the partsoscillate.

Tamilnadu

Mat a sil /n towns of Maldaand Murshidabad

Mat&a is an /ndian term forrough handloom sil& fabric

West +engal


2/13

made from $ery thic&yarns spun out of pierced cocoon in the weft andorgan4ine in warp. The yarnsare obtained from short endsof sil& from Mulberry sil&worms-+omby!mori0 and spun byhand without remo$ing thegum -sericin0

Aari!mbroidery

5andicrafts needle wor& withbeads or muthai and chainstitch' inspired by the ,oralmotifs of Mughal period

"utch% 6uc&now%#ttarPradesh% (a)asthan% and 7elhi

Baluchari Saree

Wea$ing 1/t is a hand wo$ensaree using richly dyed sil&%with intricate motifs depicting/ndian mythology wo$en ontoits large 8pallu9.

+aluchar%Murshidabad%West +engal

"avani #

Tamasha

7hangars orshepherds ofSholapur

Maharashtrian fol& includingsong and dance

Maharashtraand &on&ancoast.

Kalbelia "albelia tribe

The dance form consists of swirling% graceful mo$ementsthat ma&e this dance a treat tobehold. Women dance whilemen pro$ide music for theperformance.

"albelia dance and songs are apart of #N:S;O9srepresentati$e list of /ntangible;ultural 5eritage of 5umanity.Musical instrument used Pungi the one used by sna&echarmers

(a)asthan

Bhavai dance

/t in$ol$es tric&y balancingacts% right from balancingse$en to nine brass pots onthe head to balancing oneself -along with the pots0 onnarrow and unstable ob)ectsli&e a glass bottle% brass plateor the edge of a sword. Thebrass pots can% and are often%substituted by an e$en greaternumber of earthen pots.P.S. < A theatrical form of u)arat is also called +ha$ai

(a)asthan

Bhan$ra

5ar$est dance energetic andrhythmic performed by bothmen and women Pun)ab

%andiya

7ance using bright coloredbamboo stic&s whereparticipants stri&e the bamboostic&s in rhythmic fashion.7ancers go round a drummerusually at the centre of thestage

u)arat

&arba

7ance form also originated inu)arat but uses hand and feetmo$ement' traditionallyperformed around a holy lamp

u)arat

&iddha

Performed only by women inPun)ab. =emale counterpart to+hangra

Pun)ab


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&hoomar +hil

A traditionally passed fol&dance of Mewar of (a)asthanincludes rhythmic swirling.Women9s dance performed inwomen gatherings.

(a)asthan

Chari u))ar

Women9s dance form depictingcollecting of water. Womendance by balancing brass potswhich are &ept ignited with thecotton seeds dipped in oil

(a)asthan

&a'ari +hil

A dance drama performed byboth men and women. #suallyperformed by troupes whichtra$el from one $illage toanother

(a)asthan

Kath Puthli +hati

World famous woodenpuppetry of (a)asthan.Wooden puppets are controlledby metal strings

Made of single piece of wood

and are colorfully dressed

(a)asthan

Teratali "amar

Worship of baba ramde$.+ha)ans are sung during theperformance

(a)asthan

(alar harasiaPrototype for $hoomar .Performed by women (a)asthan

SutaKhandei)acha # Kundhei

String puppet show froman)am

Strings are attached to atriangular wooden prop

;ostumes are similar to >atraperformances.

Puppets ha$e no legs and ha$elong s&irts

5a$e more )oints and aretherefore more $ersatile%articulate and easy tomanipulate

Odisha

Baunsa *ani

+aunsarani literally means?The +amboo @ueen . Mainlylittle girls e!hibit $ariousacrobatic postures on thecrossed bamboo bar as well ason the ,oor with e!*uisitescintil lat ing mo$ementsynchroni4ed with the beat of

drums and songs.

Odisha

KommuKoya "ommu&oya tribe

7ance form of ;hintoormandal% east oda$aridistrict

Andhra Pradesh

%aminda ApataniPerformed by girls during 7reefesti$al

ArunachalPradesh

&uravayyalu "ura$a

Performed by priests. =amousin "urnool. /n,uenced byshai$ism

Andhra Pradesh

Chi an ari Needlewor& White thread isembroidered on cool% pastelshades of light muslin and

cotton garments. =abric isusually thin else the needlewould not pierce. eographic

6uc&now%#P


4/13

indication pro$ided in BCCD

Phul ari

+elie$ed to ha$ebeen introducedby >ats butpracticed byPun)abi women

Needle wor& 1use of darn stitchon the wrong side of coarsecotton cloth with colouredsil&en thread. Pun)abi womencreated innumerable alluringand interesting designs andpatterns by their s&ilfulmanipulation of the darnstitch.Named based on e!tent of needle wor&Phul ari Shawls and headscarfs

Ba$h Wor& co$ering theentire fabric

Adhaba$h scattered wor&all along the fabric

Pun)ab

Kantha

Needle wor& (unning stitchall along the cloth.Also used in ma&ing cushions%*uills% beds etc by stac&ing oldsarees

+irbhum% West+engal

Patola

/ntricate tie and dye processwhere the yarn is dyed beforewea$ing. Also called doublei&at

PatanPatola of u)arat has /

Originally inu)arat% alsofamous inOdisha

Kashida

Needlewor& "ashmiriembroidery /t drawsinspiration from nature. +irds%blossoms and ,owers%creepers% chinar lea$es% ghobi%mangoes% lotus% and trees are

the most common themes.

"ashmir

Kasuthi

+elie$ed to bebrought to"arnata&a by the6ambani tribefollowed bywomen courtiersof Mysoredynasty.

in$ol$es embroidering $eryintricate patterns li&e gopura%chariot% palan*uin% lamps andconch shells on traditional sil&and /l&al sarees.

The wor& is laborious andin$ol$es counting of eachthread on the cloth. Thepatterns are stitched withoutusing &nots to ensure thatboth sides of the cloth loo&ali&e."arnata&a 5andicrafts7e$elopment ;orporation

holds / for this art.

"arnata&a

+amdani >amdani is a ne muslin clothon which decorati$e motifs arewo$en on the loom% typically ingrey and white. Often ami!ture of cotton and goldthread were2was used.

Traditionally wo$en in 7ha&a%+angladesh

Een&atagiri in Andhra Pradeshis famous for this form of wea$ing

/n news as PM Narendra Modipresented a tapestry depicting"amadhenu and "alpa$ri&shato +angladesh PM Shei&h

Een&atagiri%Andhra Pradesh


5/13

5asina

Pattachitra

Artists &nown aschitra&aras withtitle Mohapatra orMaharana

Painting cloth based scrollpainting.#sually 5indu deities

>agannath and $aishna$a cultare depicted

Woman members prepare theglue% the can$as and applycolours what we call the ll1in%and gi$e the nal lac*uercoating. The master hand%mostly the male member%draws the initial line and gi$esthe nal nishing. Pattapaintings are done on smallstrips of cotton clothTalapattachitra a $ariationwhere palm lea$es are used ascan$as

Odisha

Kali$hatpaintin$s

Simple painting formde$eloped around "alighat

under +ritish patronage byartists called patuas

#ses water colors

Painted with bright colors onclear bac&ground

West +engal

Mithila #Madhubani

pictures using $egetablecolour and a few earthencolours

=inished in blac& lines on cowdung treated with paper

Mostly depicts 5indumythology

Mar&s seasonal festi$als andlife e$ents

/ntricate ,ora% animal and birdmotifs are used to ll the gap

Passed on from mother todaughter

Mithila of +ihar

Kalam ari

;olors Eegetable dyes% plantroots% lea$es% salt of iron% tin%copper% alum

ets the name from ?&alam pen as intricate designs aremade using pen

/ncludes 5and painting as wellas bloc& painting

Patronised by Ei)ayanagar&ingdom

6egacy from father to son

Scenes from mythology areusually depicted with ,oraldecorati$e patterns forembellishments

/n,uence of Persian motifs anddesigns

Andhra Pradesh

Phad Scroll painting of +hilwaradistrict

Themes include heroic gures%rural life% animals and birds

B7 depiction in +old lines

(a)asthan


6/13

Art form is appro!imately FCCyears old

(arli ond and "ol

Made mostly by womenPredominantly religious

eometric patterns li&e circles%triangles% rectanglesspiral structuring of images iscommon

White color2 rice ,our is usedon dar& bac&ground

Maharashtra

Mina ariSonar or Sohailcaste of"shatriyas

>ewellery designing usingenamel wor&

Art of coloring andornamenting the surface of metals by fusing o$er i tbril liant colors that aredecorated in an intricatedesign

ulab mina is famous in+enaras

>aipur7elhi

6uc&now

"angra

+enaras

"ashmir

Bandhni

Started by "hatri%a&shatriyacommunity in u)arat

Tie and dye art for cottonfabrics;alled Chungidi in Tamilnadu

(a)asthanu)arat

Tamilnadu

Bidri'are

Persian artbrought to /ndiaby +ahamanirulers

Metal art stri&ing inlayartwor&%

important e!port handicraft of /ndia

pri4ed as a symbol of wealth.

The metal used is a blac&enedalloy of 4inc and copper inlaidwith thin sheets of puresil$er. This nati$e art form hasobtained /

+idar% "arnata&a

,$u %ance /du Mishmi tribe

meaning 8dance of the Priest9%a uni*ue ritual dance.

/gu dance is performed on (ehfesti$al% diGerent ritual acts etcwith an aim of appeasing$arious spirits for family andsocial well1being andprosperity.

Arunachal Pradesh9s tableaufor (7 parade BCHI

ArunachalPradesh

%aan$ 7angis

"ahaiya and 7hol&i thepercussion instrumentsbesides short shehnai are usedin the dance.

The men hold their arms roundthe women9s shoulders andwomen clasp the men by theirwaists forming circularformations mo$ing incloc&wise and anti1cloc&wisedirections.

The women climb on theshoulders of men and form ahuman pyramid.

Performed in (7 parade andwon rst position in BCHI

u)arat


7/13

"e im %ance

Named after a woodenidiophone to which thin metaldiscs are tted which producea )ingling sound and thedancers use this whiledancing.

7hol&i% a drum instrument is

used as the main percussionmusic.

Eery rigorous mo$ements

Maharashtra

Mand

=ol& singing style neitheraccepted as (aga norrec&oned among freelyrendered fol& songs

(a)asthan

Bhatiali

a boat song% sung by boatmenwhile going down streams of the ri$er%

the word +hatiyali comes from+hata meaning ebb ordownstream

West +engal

*a$ini =ol& song form 5aryana

&ulraj =ol& song form "ashmir

Theyyam

popular ritual form of worshipof North Malabar in "erala

;olourful costumes and aweinspiring head gears withstrong colours of turmeric%wa!and arac

5ead gears are upto I 1J feethigh

"erala

Padayani Tinta subsect of

ana&acommunity

Performance using mas&s

/n honour of bhadra&aliPerformed in bhaga$atitemples southern $ariant of theyyam

blends music% dance% theatre%satire% facial mas&s% andpaintings

"erala

Koli"oli a shermentribe

=ishermen dance

/ncludes both men andwomen. Men dance withshing oars

Maharashtra

%humal Wattal

Only the men fol& perform thisdance on speci c occasions

and at set locations.

enerally performed withwearing long colourful robesand tall conical caps% studdedwith beads and shells.

>ammu and"ashmir

.uyen"an$lon Martial art consists of Bforms

Than$ ta armed $ersion uses sword% spear% a!e andshield

Saritsara unarmed $ersion uses &ic&s% hand stri&es andgrappling

;losely associatedwith Burmese Bando or

Manipur


8/13

bandshay

*asiya&eet

=ol& song ,ourished in +ra)

Praises of 6ord "rishna9scharming leelas

#ttar Pradesh

Alha

+allad of +undel&hand

5eroic stories of Alha and #dalwho ser$ed (a)a Parmal of Ma)oba

5ighlights the moral principlesof morality% chi$alry andnobility

#ttar Pradesh

.ori

Songs based on lo$e pran&s of (adha1"rishna

Sang during 5oli celebrationsonly

#ttar Pradesh

Sohar

Songs sung during the birth of male child

/n,uenced the Muslim familiesand the tradition is now foundamong Muslims too

7epicts the mingling of twocultures

#ttar Pradesh

Kajri

Sung by women in rainyseason on third day of bhadraAssociated with a dancein$ol$ing steps in semi circularmotion

#ttar Pradesh

Sha una har-Man$al$eet

Prayers for good health andlong life during religious andauspicious occasions of child1

birth% baby1showers%ganeshpoo)a etc.

Sung only by women withoutany instrument

"umaon

Barahmasa

Songs depicting twel$e monthsof the year

7iGerent natural entitiesrepresent diGerent months of the year

"umaon

Basanti

Spring2 5ar$est song whichaccompanies the celebrationsof +asant Panchami

arhwal

&hasiyari&eet

Sung by women of hilly areaswhen they go to forests tocollect grass for cattle

:mphasis on importance of labour along withentertainment

arhwal

Pan hida

6iterally means lover Sung by peasants wor&ing inelds

(a)asthan

"otia

Sung by women during thefesti$al of 6otiaWomen bring water from la&esor ponds in Lotas and kalash bydecorating them with ,owers

(a)asthan

Teej Sung during the festi$al of Tee)on third day after new moon in

(a)asthan


9/13

the month of sharavanaSongs re$ol$e around union of Shi$a and Par$ati

Pandavani

Songs on tales of Mahabharata

Singer assumes all thecharacters during the balladaccompanying it with hispowerful singing

;hhattisgarh

Su ar eBiah

Portrays the pic ture of common fol&

Associated with story of Shu&ra who calls oG hismarriage for the sa&e of hismother

+ho)puri region

Mando

Slow $erse and refraincomposition dealing with lo$e%tragedy and both socialin)ustice and politicalresistance during Porutguesepresence

oa

Chha ri

roup song performed usingmusical instruments li&e noot%rababs% sarangi% tumba&nari

"ashmir

Bha ha

5ar$est songs

(egional music with mostmelodic and harmoniouselements

>ammu

"aman

A group performance wheregirls singing on pea& of the hillseldom see the group of boyswho gi$e a reply to them in asong seated on another pea&

of the hill.Sung especially in "ulu Ealley

5imachalPradesh

Tappa

Semi classical $ocal musicinspired by camel riders

;haracterised by )umpy and,ashy tonal mo$ements

Pun)ab

Po'ada

6iterally means ?narration of story in glorious terms

Odes in praise of indi$idualheroes% incidents or place

;hief narrator is &nown asShahir

Maharashtra

/a''ali

Originally sung in praise of god

+rought from Persia

@awwali performance presentsa fascinating% interchanginguse of solo and choralmodalities

Burra atha

5ighly dramatic form of ballad

Singer plays a tambura whilereciting the story

A famous e!ponent of the form7aro)i:eramma passed awayin august BCHK

Andhra Pradesh

%as athia Name is deri$ed from a uni*ueinstrument called ?&athi or

Odisha


10/13

?(am thali or woodenclappers

/t is a form of worship andoGering on behalf of ?das % thede$otee

Sana "amo

Sung by a priest at the time of coronation of "ing or towelcome the "ing

Also sung to e$o&e the spirit of Pa&hangba% the presiding deity

Manipur

Sai uti0ai Mi4o

Mi4os are &nown as singingtribe

Sai&utiLai are songs composedby a poetess Sai&uti in praiseof warriors

Mi4oram

Chai hia Mi4o

The songs that accompanychai dance performed during;hapchar"ut =esti$al

Mi4oram

1illuPattu

?+ow song

6ead singer handles aninstrument which is bowshaped

Themes are usually theologicaland emphasise con*uest of good o$er e$il

Tamilnadu

Ammanaivari

Song sung in praise of ;holaMonarch

Ammanai is wooden ball.

Women fol& sing appropriatesongs while playing the ball.

Tamilnadu

BhandPather

#ni*ue combination of dance%music and acting.

Satire% wit and parody arepreferred for inducing laughter

"ashmir

S'an$

Theatre form &nown forsoftness of emotions andaccomplishment of rasa

6anguage in (ohta& 5aryan$i

6anguage in 5aatras +ra)bhasha

(ohta& and5aatras

)autan i

Traditional theatre form of "anpur% 6uc&now and 5aatras

/nitially performed by menonly. Now women are alsoincluded

ulab +ai of "anpur ga$e newdimension to old theatricalform

#ttar Pradesh

Bhavai

Theatrical performance whichis partly entertainment andpartly a ritual oGering made tooddess Amba.

Subtle social criticism lacedwith pungent humour is thespeciality of +ha$ai.

P.S. < a dance form of (a)asthan is also called +ha$ai

u)arat


11/13

+atra

Musical plays during fairs inhonour of gods% or religiousrituals and ceremonies

+orn and nurtured in +engal

"rishna >atra was popularisedby +ha&ti saint ;haitanya9sin,uence

West +engal

Maach

#sed for both stage and theperformance

Traditional theatre form withsongs in between dialogues

7ialogues are called bol

(hyme in narration iscalled vana$

Tunes are called *an$at

Madhya Pradesh

Bhaona

Performance of Assameseclassical playscalled AnkiaNaat Sutradhar or narrator beginsthe story in Sans&rit and theplay continues in +ra)boli orAssamese

Assam

%ashavatar

Performers personify the tenincarnations of 6ord Eishnuwearing mas&s of wood orpapiermache

"on&an coastand oa

Krishnattam

Started in HFth ;entury A7under the patronage of "ingMana$ada of ;alicut

;ycle of D plays performed foreight consecuti$e days

"erala

Mudiyettu

Performed in the month of $risch i&a -No$ember 7ecember0 in the "ali templesas an oblation to oddess

"erala

Koodiyattam#Kuttiyattam

Oldest traditional theatre formof "erala

+elie$ed to be the prototypefor "atha&ali

+ased on Sans&rit theatretraditions

Eidusha& alone deli$ersdialogues

:mphasis on hand gestures

and eye mo$ements

"erala

2a sha$aana

Theatre form based onmythological stories &nown forits costumes and ma&e up

"arnata&a

Theru oothu

6iterally means street play

Performed at annual templefesti$als of Mariamman-(ainoddess0 to achie$e rich

har$est

;ycle of eight plays based onlife of 7raupadi

Tamilnadu

&ombeyatta String puppets-marionettes0

styled and designed li&echaracters of a&shagana

"arnata&a


12/13

5a$e )oints at legs% shoulders%elbows% hips and &nees

Puppets are manipulated by I1F str ings tied to a prop.Sometimes more complicatedmo$ements are manipulatedby two or more puppeteers

Bommalattam

6argest% hea$iest and mostarticulate of all traditional/ndian marionettes.

;ombine techni*ues of bothrod and string puppets

Puppets made of wood

Strings for manipulation areattached to iron ring wornround the puppeteer9s head

Tamil Nadu

To$aluBombeyatta

6iterally togalu s&in2leatherbombe dolls

Shadow puppets made from

treated leatherSmall in si4e and si4e $arieswith social status of charactersthe puppets portray 6argerfor &ings and smaller forcommon people and ser$ants

"arnata&a

TholuBommalata

Shadow puppetry

6arge in si4e with )ointedwaist% shoulders% elbows and&nees

;olored on both sides. 5encethrow colored shadows onscreen

Andhra Pradesh

*avanachhaya

Shadow puppets of one pieceand ha$e no )oints

Not colored hence opa*ueshadows

Puppets are made of deer s&in

Props such as trees%mountains% chariots etc arealso displayed along with maincharacters

Odisha

Putul)autch

(od puppets made from wood inspired by Bunraku puppetsof >apan;ostumed li&e actors of >atra

and usually ha$e )ointsA bamboo made hub is tied tothe waist of puppeteer onwhich rod holding the puppetis placed.

Puppeteers manipulating therods% mo$e and danceimparting correspondingmo$ements to the puppets

West +engal

2ampuri

(od puppets made of wood

5a$e no )oints and are madeof a single piece

+ihar

Pava oothu lo$e puppets costumed as&atha&ali performers

"erala


13/13

5eight $aries from H1B feet

5ead and arms are car$ed of wood and )oined together withthic& cloth% cut and stitchedinto a bag

art and culture for upsc

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