art drawing for artists

7/26/2019 Art Drawing for Artists

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/art-drawing-for-artists 1/51



Art: Drawing for Artists

Artist: A Guidebook for Different Styles of

Drawing



© Copyright 2015 - All rights reserved.

In no way is it legal to reproduce, duplicate, or transmit any part of this document in eitherelectronic means or in printed format. Recording of this publication is strictly prohibitedand any storage of this document is not allowed unless with written permission from the

publisher. All rights reserved.

The information provided herein is stated to be truthful and consistent, in that any liability,in terms of inattention or otherwise, by any usage or abuse of any policies, processes, ordirections contained within is the solitary and utter responsibility of the recipient reader.Under no circumstances will any legal responsibility or blame be held against thepublisher for any reparation, damages, or monetary loss due to the information herein,either directly or indirectly.

Respective authors own all copyrights not held by the publisher.

Legal Notice:

This eBook is copyright protected. This is only for personal use. You cannot amend,distribute, sell, use, quote or paraphrase any part or the content within this eBook withoutthe consent of the author or copyright owner. Legal action will be pursued if this isbreached.

Disclaimer Notice:

Please note the information contained within this document is for educational andentertainment purposes only. Every attempt has been made to provide accurate, up to dateand reliable complete information. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied.Readers acknowledge that the author is not engaging in the rendering of legal, financial,medical or professional advice.

By reading this document, the reader agrees that under no circumstances are weresponsible for any losses, direct or indirect, which are incurred as a result of the use ofinformation contained within this document, including, but not limited to, — errors,omissions, or inaccuracies.



Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 – Standard Drawing Materials

Pencils

Chalk and charcoal

Felt tipped pens

Drawing Inks

Easels

Chapter 2 – Outline Drawing - Sketching

Perspective

Drawing from inside out

Chapter 3 – Shading a Pencil Drawing

Chapter 4 – Drawing Manga

Chapter 5 – Pen and Ink Drawings

Chapter 6 – Calligraphic Drawing

Tools for calligraphic artColoring techniques and ideas

Chapter 7 – Drawing with Charcoal, Chalk and Pastels

Method for using pastels

Chapter 8 – Cartoon Drawing - Caricatures

Materials used for caricature drawing

Chapter 9 – Zentangle Art

Basic tools for Zentangle

The benefits of Zentangle

So what is Zentangle and how is it done?

The patterns used

Conclusion



Introduction

If you are considering taking up drawing, but are not sure of the options open to you, thisbook includes many different styles of drawing that may just be the right one for you.Taking you through all of the different styles, including Manga, Portrait, Landscape,

Zentangle, Photo drawing, etc., the book gives a great overview of the types of tools thatyou will need to follow any one of these and other drawing styles.

It’s a great book for someone starting out because you may just find a style that suits youbetter than another and have been unaware of how to do it. This book gives clearinstructions and shows you how to do the different styles so that you get an overall pictureof what drawing is all about. You may be the next great Manga artist or you may simplywant to sketch faces of friends. Whatever you choose, there’s something within this book

to help you to get started on your chosen path.

The tool section shows you all that you will need as an artist and particularly which toolsare needed for what style of drawing. You will also be shown how to use different effects,sketching, drawing, learning to cross hatch and to shade so that your picture gives great 3dimensional effects and realism.

If you know someone who is undecided upon which art form they want to perform, thismay just be the eye opener that they need, as the details within the chapters of the bookcan help them to develop from average sketches through to being able to produce firstclass artwork. This is the reader’s introduction to what drawing is all about. Within thepages of the book, you will find handy hits and tips on perspective, composition and thedifferent drawing styles used to achieve these elements.

Everyone has the ability to produce great work from different perspectives and differentapproaches. The artist who chooses the right materials and the right subject matter, withinthe parameters of established rules of art, will certainly improve their techniques over thecourse of practice, although this book gives you a head start, so that you can try out thedifferent materials before you go on to creating your masterpiece. It gives you all of theways in which your picture can be drawn and they are so varied. You may not yet haverealized the complexity of drawing systems, though by the end of the book, all of this willhave been explained in simple to understand terms.

Take this artistic journey with us and learn how to draw using different styles of drawing.



Chapter 1 – Standard Drawing Materials

Before you begin drawing it’s as well to get the basic materials together. Too many peoplesketch onto loose drawing paper and then give up, but if you start as you mean to go on byhaving a drawing pad, you can see your progression. Choose a pad suited to pencil

drawings and whether you have a velour finish or not is up to you. In the beginning stages,I feel that a flat surface is better because it doesn’t distract you from your shadingtechniques as much as a textured surface will. While you are in the art shop, be sure toinvest in the following as they will be very valuable to your experience:

Pencils – These come in different types as you will see by the number written on the sideof the pencil. For general purposes you would use an HB pencil, but for shading ofdifferent intensities, you would choose from the B range of pencils and having a complete

set isn’t a bad idea. These shade at different levels of intensity from jet black through tolight gray so are all useful.

As you can see by this chart, these are the different levels that you can achieve if you havea full set of pencils. Since your three dimensional effect depends upon shading at different

levels, don’t skimp on pencils. Buy good quality artists’ pencils are they are not expensive.The chart below shows you the different pencils which will achieve these densities ofblack.

You can see from this image that both H pencils and B pencils have their values when itcomes to drawing with the H Pencils on the right giving much more subtle shadingpossibilities.

You will also need to purchase a reliable sharpener for your pencils as well as a soft eraser

for helping you with rubbing your shading and a harder eraser for actually rubbing out theareas that you are not happy with.



Chalk and charcoal

You may want to consider investing in chalk and charcoal, since these are used together tocreate wonderful pictures when you get a little more advanced. You may just like using the

charcoal for adding extra depth to your pictures. If you invest in charcoal, try to keep tothe sticks of charcoal as these are easier for you to draw with, since their basic shape ispencil like and you can break off the ends to your desired shape or thickness. These domake your hands mucky, so be prepared for that, and invest in a towel or have rags readyto wipe your hands on.

Felt tipped pens

Felt tips are used in some instances, and a good range of medium felt tipped pens are agood idea in a variety of colors. You should also consider tracing paper, a ruler, a compassand if you want to add color to your drawings, a packet of pastels would be good. Makesure that the type that you choose has a good selection for skin tones as when people drawportraits, these colors are always the first to be used up. I personally have a pack just forskin tones as well as a regular pack for general coloring of pictures.

Drawing Inks

Color does add a lot of wealth to your drawings and you may also want to consider addingcolored inks to your artistry kit because pen and ink drawings are rather good and thecolors will help you to add a new dimension to that drawing. These are particularly neededwhen drawing out calligraphic images. You will also need pens or nibs that attach to ahandle to do your drawing. Buy a variety and investing in a calligraphy set may not be abad idea.

Easels

At this stage, you don’t need to invest in an easel. People rarely do their drawings on aneasel and these are used more for painting because in painting, you need to keep yourhands from touching areas which are wet. For drawing, you can use a flat surface, so thatan easel becomes a luxury rather than a necessity.



Chapter 2 – Outline Drawing - Sketching

When you first begin to draw, you need to learn all about fixing objects onto your paperand the composition that they will take. If you have a piece of card cut out like a pictureframe, you can hold this up to look at the best angle to draw from. Some people can’timagine what the picture will look like finished, and these are a good way to see all thedetail you want to form part of your composition.

Move to different angles and be sure that the angle you have chosen is the best to highlightthe objects within the picture you are about to sketch. When you have decided to do yourdrawing, you don’t have to get all of the ideas onto the paper. Look at the shapes that theyform. For instance, when drawing a face, you would perhaps use an oval to give you an

overall effect of where the face is going to be on your picture. Similarly, all objects havesome kind of shape or outline. When you are in the rough draft stage of a picture, yousimply need to do rough lines that represent the outlines of what you see.

Perspective

From this image, you can see that the nearer an object is to you, the larger it is. Of course,this is obvious to most people in everyday life, but when you start to draw, you need topay attention to perspective because otherwise your pictures will lose their sense ofproportion. You can get the proportion and perspective correct by using a grid if you arecopying an image, for example. If you have an iPad take a photograph of the image thatyou want to draw and use one of the many art apps which places a grid over the image.

This allows you to draw one square at a time of the grid, which you also pencil lightlyonto your sketch paper.

Remember that your sketch doesn’t have to represent everything that you see in detail.This is just an outline of what you will eventually fill in with shading to make your picture



more complete.

Once you are happy with the overall composition of the image, that’s what is important atthis stage. For example, if you were drawing someone sitting, you need to get arepresentation of the position of the chair, the outline of the body etc. and anything elsewhich is in the way of an object within the picture.



Drawing from inside out

Image copyright: Purapuss

As you can see from the rough sketches above you start with the basic shape and you work

your way through a drawing to add more detail. This aspect of drawing when related tofigures or animals is inside outside drawing, thus you are creating the shape of the skeletalframework and then adding on the flesh. That helps you to get the anatomy of the animalor person correct before adding detail such as eyes, nose, mouth, etc.

Don’t expect a picture to come all together straight away because it won’t happen. Youneed to build up the picture of several layers, the first being the sketch stage and thenworking on that until it becomes more substantial. It is by taking your time to get

proportions and scale right that you eventually end up with a picture that is well drawnand much more likely to be realistic.



Chapter 3 – Shading a Pencil Drawing

The shading which takes place on a pencil drawing is what gives it three dimensionalcomposition. It gives a picture depth. In traditional drawing, this is what is used to ensurethat your picture represents what is seen, rather than simply looking flat.

Image Copyright: Creative commons attribution: Denitsed

In this image, you can see that shading was used to create the features such as eyes, nose,mouth and the texture of the hair, as well as shaping the neck.

With traditional drawing techniques, the shading used takes on various forms, such ascrosshatched, hatched or even dotted onto the page to give the required texture. This canalso be rubbed in with an eraser or with the artist’s finger to give lighter more uniformshading.



Chapter 4 – Drawing Manga

This is a very popular art form these days and if you are in the beginning stages, you willneed to learn to draw the features, not as they are really seen on a human being, but howthey are shown in this cartoon like style. Some of these images show you the type of art

and this may be something that you want to investigate further as it’s extremely popularnow worldwide and communities online help the artist to develop their work.

These are very basic manga beginnings to faces and you can copy them and changehairstyles and facial expressions, but you will see that it is a very different style of art totraditional sketching. The basic sketch will start with face outline, then the addition ofeyes, nose and mouth and the picture will get more complex as more detail is added.

Again, shading is used in this art form because it gives the picture depth.



Image copyright: Creative commons attribution: Gracey88

See how the detail is added to eyes? It’s a simple set of stages, but each area of the pictureis developed in a very similar way in anime or manga art. Most enjoyed by teens, this artform is worth pursuing for making cartoon stories or for simply a creative pastime foryoung people who want to show their artistic abilities.

Communities such as Deviant Art on the Internet are ideal places to get together withother artists and compare work. This is one of the benefits of sharing ideas because youget to create your own individual pictures from learning the style and then putting your

own characters together from what you have learned. The way that characters interact witheach other is something that can be depicted and though you may begin with pencildrawing of the figures, you may find that you will be happier with using ink once you gainmore confidence in the art form.

For fun pictures, felt tipped pens can also be used.



Chapter 5 – Pen and Ink Drawings

Pen and ink is used a lot in drawings of an architectural nature because these are popularfor framing and having within the home. You can see why from this picture which showswonderful detail of brickwork and the structure of the building.

Ink is much finer to work with than pencil and if you are looking to create intricatepictures, then pen and ink may just be the ideal medium. If you look at the way that dotsare used to represent the bushes, and lines to represent the structure, you can see that whenusing pen and ink, you will need different widths of nib and also a paintbrush specificallyused for inks which will be relatively fine. The brush is used for creating the naturalenvironment, while a ruler and nibs would be used for the architectural elements. Onegreat thing with ink is that you can add color to your pictures but try not to overdo it. Ink

is subtle in nature and a little added color here and there may make a greater statementthan filling in the whole picture. In this picture, the atmosphere is very alive and vibranteven though the image is over 100 years old.



Very clever use of shading was used in this image and this can be achieved by wateringdown the inks and using them very much in the same way as one would use watercolors,adding shading to the areas which were not precision drawn. Alternatively, sepia can be

used which is very atmospheric.



You probably recognize this picture as it was also produced as an oil but this originalrendition by Vincent Van Gogh from as early as 1888 was done with a reed pen and sepiatoned ink. To do pen and ink drawing, you simply sketch out with light pencil and thenfollow your pencil lines with ink, adding darker in in places where you want shade andlighter ink in places which reflect light. To get darker and lighter inks, you simply dilutethe original color to lighten it down.



Chapter 6 – Calligraphic Drawing

One would be remiss if not mentioning this as a very valid art form used in drawing. Thisgoes back to when books were created by hand, and drawing calligraphic numbers orletters can be very therapeutic as well as very decorative. The kind of uses that this can beput to in this day and age could be creating scrolls to give as gifts or decorating a handwritten journal of poems.

There are a great deal of source books available for this form of art which have modelsthat you scale up or down depending upon your needs. Dover books do some greatcopyright free images which you can use as sources for your own inspiration, adding extradetail where you would like it.



Tools for calligraphic art

You will need very fine architect style pens if you are doing work which is extremely fineand detailed. These will also help you with hatching used in the background of many ofthese designs. Felt tipped pens can be used but these should be quality pens. If you are

going to use inks, then you will need a brush to apply the inks to thicker areas of yourlettering. Inks in color are very subtle but you can also use watercolor to add color to yourdesigns. Nibs are an optional extra but if you intend to carry on using calligraphy in yourpoems or on scrolls, a wide nib is essential for drawing the letters of the alphabetthroughout your text.



Coloring techniques and ideas

The original books produced by calligraphy writers began each chapter with an amazingamount of detail.

There are source books of different styles of lettering available on websites such asAmazon and it’s worth having one of these because it shows you all the letters of thealphabet in a particular script together with floral or decorative capital letters to help you

to gain the most from this craft.



Chapter 7 – Drawing with Charcoal, Chalk and Pastels

If you have never thought of using charcoal before, it’s a wonderful medium to work withand gives a really professional finish to black and white images. Charcoal has a depth to itthat you can’t get with other mediums. If you are trying this for the first time, then do buy

the pencil-like pieces of charcoal because these are easier to work with. You will need agood quality rubber and a soft one is the best to use, although there is another tool that isuseful. This looks like a pencil but is actually a rubbing stick which can help you to pickout fine detail.

This creative commons work by Justin Cooke shows you the depth that you will achievewhen using charcoal. However, be aware that charcoal will smudge. If you close the pageon an art book, the work will smudge. Thus, keep your page open until you have finishedand make sure that you varnish the finished product. You can use white chalk to tonedown areas into a lighter color and this helps with shading, although this particular artisthas chosen to stick to the basic blacks.

When you move on from charcoal and chalk to pastels, you add a wonderful depth of

color and here, you need to try out different methods. The pastel colors that you buyshould have a good range of skin tones because often they don’t and that means buying aseparate packet of skin tone colored pastels to work in conjunction with other colors.That’s probably the best bet and certainly one that I employed because I love using pastel



for portraits. The actual texture that you achieve with pastels is amazingly realistic.



Method for using pastels

When you use pastels, you simply use them like crayons, but the more you use, the lesstransparent the color becomes. When you have sufficient background color for an area,rub the color to give a really uniform look. Add shading by using a slightly darker pastel

color and to add lightness in areas such as eyes, use white chalk. You initially draw yourimage in the same way as you would a traditional portrait, thus creating the overall shapeand then filling in the detail with pencil or charcoal. Charcoal tends to discolor the pastelso I prefer to use pencil. You work in layers, much as artists do when they use oils and theend result should be created from a background layer, a shading layer and any layers usedto enhance the look of the image toward the finishing stages. The picture can be lacqueredto ensure that the color does not rub off.

There is so much detail that can be added when using pastels in conjunction with pencil toadd even more texture to hair, and chalk to bring out the shine of the eyes. Painted byRobert Perez Palou, he gave permission for this to be used and it’s an exceptionally goodexample because it shows all of the attributes one needs to consider when drawing

portraits with pastels.



Chapter 8 – Cartoon Drawing - Caricatures

This style of drawing is popular in many newspapers and basically takes the features ofsomeone and makes them very recognizable in cartoon format. If you are thinking of takethis style of drawing up, it can be great fun. Cartoons are usually divided into differentsections so that a story unfolds are the reader goes through all the separate boxes thatmake up the story. Alternatively, you may be drawing a singular cartoon for use as apicture and there are many great examples of cartooning available on the Internet. Somefavorites which show the attributes of cartoon drawing well are these:

As you can see, both are of different eras and different people but what they have incommon is that they are instantly recognizable. This is what caricatures are all about.

They take the shape of the face and show those features which are prominent. In the caseof Maggie Thatcher, there is no mistaking the hairdo, the nose and the mouth and these

features were worked on by the artist to produce a wonderful likeness. In the case of LordChatfield, again, the face has very little detail, but it has enough for people to recognizethe character from the bushy eyebrows, the glum expression and the shape of the head.



Materials used for caricature drawing

The materials used in both of the above cases are inks and these are great for producinggood detail. However, start with pencil and the outline of the face, adding the hair and thefeatures of the face still in pencil until a likeness is achieved. From that you can work on

the image in inks to give a definite finish to the image. You also need a ruler as this helpsyou to get proportions correctly placed.

In this very rapidly drawn face, you will see that a square was used because the shape ofthe subject’s face was square. The facial features were then added just under the centralline of the image. You need to take into account the angle at which you are drawing aswell because this alters the finished position of eyes nose and mouth.

This is a great form of art that you can try for yourself with people that you know andbuild up your portfolio using simple techniques to get the accuracy of features so thatpeople will instantly recognize who is being portrayed. It also helps you in your sketchingskills because it helps you to picture what’s there without too much complexity and then tobuild upon the overall outline of the faces that you use as models. It may also beworthwhile looking at great examples of caricatures to give you extra pointers on how todeal with features such as hair, etc.



Chapter 9 – Zentangle Art

This is a relatively new art form but one that is becoming extremely popular becauseanyone can do it. If you doubt your artistic ability, this may be a good starting placebecause basically, the art takes the old art form of doodle and makes it a little more

sophisticated. There are special cards (tiles) for the drawing of Zentangle though there isnothing wrong with using a scrapbook until you get to the stage where you want to useyour designs to create artwork.



Basic tools for Zentangle

You will need a pencil, an eraser and Zentangle pens which you buy at outlets such asAmazon.com. The card used for Zentangle is relatively inexpensive and it’s a good idea tohave a ruler. A scrap book will be needed because each design that is drawn consists of

different elements and it’s a build-up process. Thus, keeping drawings of all the designsyou are likely to use again is a good idea.



The benefits of Zentangle

This art form is very good for people who are trying to find a state of relaxation. It helpsto center people and is being used as therapy for many patients in a hospital environmentbecause it helps:

Hand/eye coordinationConcentration LevelsConfidence



So what is Zentangle and how is it done?

Zentangle art is started with one line which gives the whole design an outline. This isknown as the string. In fact, those unaccustomed to this form of art can use a piece ofstring on paper and arrange it in an aesthetically pleasing way, tracing around the string so

that their design appears on the paper. Each area of the picture is then filled in withdifferent Zentangle designs and the overall effect is something like shown in the picture onthe next page. This is a simplified version of what can be achieved but Zentangle is morethan just putting patterns into specific places.

Copyright Creative Commons Attribution: Stephanie Reid

If you look at the right hand side of the first image, you will see that it gives theimpression of bring sloped. Using a system called the barrel and pincushion method, whatyou do by using curved lines is give the picture depth and distortion so that there are somepretty miraculous images produced as a result of this distortion.



This form of art is gathering momentum because of the endless possibilities it creates. Asyou can see from the above images, simply changing your original lines can make a verybig difference to the way that the image is perceived.



The patterns used

The patterns that are commonly used in Zentangle are basically very simple. Tiled areas,stripes, squares, etc. fill in each area of the image to build a whole. This is usually done inblack and white and there are literally thousands of different new patterns you can

incorporate simply by accessing websites such as Pinterest and looking what others aredoing. Is this copying? No and there is a very good reason. The area that you color onyour Zentangle pattern will be different in shape and form to other artists. Thecombination of shapes and forms, patterns and repetitions makes your work unique. Lookhow easy it is to construction a Zentangle pattern. All of the patterns used in Zentangle aresimple but it is the combination of these patterns which adds to the complexity of theimage produced.



Conclusion

Over the course of this book, we have taken the reader through many different styles ofdrawing and among them, there will be an area that a reader can develop and interest inand pursue. The reason that each were covered in their own chapter is because each of

these methods of drawing is independent and while some may find one interesting, theymay not consider themselves talented or interested enough to do others. Art is veryimportant because the creative side of the brain is not used as much as the logical side ofthe brain and by introducing some form of creativity, you really can get some balance inyour life.

If you are a little shy about spending a fortune on drawing accessories, try with the barenecessities and build up as your confidence increases. If you want to concentrate on

calligraphy and use this for gifts for your friends, it’s a very beautiful way to send wordsthat matter to people you care about. A typical choice of script to add to a scroll would besomething like the “Desiderata” which sends a real moral lesson of peace to people thatyou care about.

Similarly, you may find yourself interested in pen and ink rendition and can use your iPadto take photographs of buildings, turning the image into black and white. Then use an artapp to divide the picture with a grid, so that you can get perfect scale and each detail in

exactly the right place on your paper in pencil initially and then in more permanent ink.These pictures are always well received by the owner of a property or could even be doneof your own home or local churches or buildings of interest.

You can also use inks for creating designs on a wooden panel because these give theimpression of being like marquetry and floral images are great to put onto panels of woodthat may be on the outside of a box or something that you want to make.

The art of traditional drawing may be where your heart lies, and you were given tips andtricks in this direction, including knowing the tools that you require and how to use them.It is hoped that this will add to your enthusiasm and that you will have a try at a new artform of drawing that appeals to you, using the examples shown in the book to inspire you.

art drawing for artists

Documents