article review blake & mcauliffe (2011). introduction (group 1) q) what does this experiment aim...
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ARTICLE REVIEW
Blake & McAuliffe (2011)
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Introduction (Group 1)
Q) What does this experiment aim to investigate?
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Introduction
Q) What does this experiment aim to investigate?
A) Children’s development of aversion to inequity
-both forms:
-Disadvantageous and Advantageous
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Introduction (Group 1)
Q) What is new about this experiment’s design, that is not found in past studies?
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Introduction
Q) What is new about this experiment’s design, that is not found in past studies?
A) A novel game:-The experimenter divides goods (not the child)
-rejections won’t be used as punishment- First to see if they will pay a cost to avoid inequity- First to measure reaction time
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Introduction (Group 1)
Q) What predictions were made about participants’ responses to disadvantageous inequity (DI) and advantageous inequity (AI)?
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Introduction
Q) What predictions were made about participants’ responses to disadvantageous inequity (DI) and advantageous inequity (AI)?
A) Predictions:
i) Children would reject DI
ii) The majority would accept AI
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Method (Group 2)
Q) What ages were the participants, and were they familiar to one another?
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Method
Q) What ages were the participants, and were they familiar to one another?
A) Participants were:
-Aged 4-8
-Unfamiliar
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Method (Group 2)
Q) Describe the experience of a participant who plays the role of “decider” during the procedure
a) if they were in the DI condition, and then
b) if they were in the AI condition
Include a description of how the apparatus works.
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Method
Q) Describe the experience of a participant who plays the role of “decider” during the procedure
A) For DI: They receive 1 candy, other receives 4
For AI: They receive 4, other receives 1
Each child has a platform where the experimenter places candies. They can pull a green handle to accept (candy goes in each child’s bowl), or a red handle to reject (candy to middle-no one gets it)
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Method (Group 2)
Q) How was reaction time measured?
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Method
Q) How was reaction time measured?
A) A stick was placed across platforms at beginning of each trial
-told not to pull a handle until stick is lifted
-seconds between experimenter lifting the stick and the child pulling a handle are timed
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Results (Group 3)
Q) How did age relate to rejections of DI trials?
i.e., when the decider had 1 candy, and the other child had 4, did the decider’s age influence whether or not that was rejected?
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Results
Q) How did age relate to rejections of DI trials?
A) Rejection of DI trials increased with age.
-less likely to accept a 1-4 offer as they get older
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Results (Group 3)
Q) How did age relate to rejections of AI trials?
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Results
Q) How did age relate to rejections of AI trials?
A)
Younger children (4-7) rarely rejected AI
-just as likely to accept 4-1, as to accept 1-1
Older children (8 yrs) were much more likely to reject AI
-more likely to accept 1-1, than to accept 4-1
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Results (Group 4)
Q) What major difference was noted between 8-yr-olds and younger children, when considering aversion to inequity?
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Results
Q) What major difference was noted between 8-yr-olds and younger children, when considering aversion to inequity?
A)
Younger: only averse to inequity when it wasn’t in their favor (if they had 1, and other had 4)
8-yr-olds: averse to both forms of inequity (doesn’t matter if they are favored or not)
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Results (Group 4)
Q) Regarding reaction time, do 8-yr-olds and younger children differ, when deciding to accept or reject inequity?
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Results
Q) Regarding reaction time, do 8-yr-olds and younger children differ, when deciding to accept or reject inequity?
A)
-8-yr-olds showed more hesitation when making a decision in AI trials
-regardless of whether they rejected or accepted -Younger children quickly accepted AI
-if they did reject, they took more time to decide
-can speculate that rejecting AI is harder for them to do
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Discussion (Group 5)
Q) What 3 contributions does this experiment add to the literature in this field?
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Discussion
Q) What 3 contributions does this experiment add to the literature in this field?
A) i) First evidence that children, paired with an unfamiliar peer, will sacrifice reward to maintain equity
ii) Shows 2 different trends in development of equity preference:
a) rejecting DI increases with age, but
b) rejecting AI has sudden onset at age 8
iii) First measure of reaction time when making these decisions
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Discussion (Group 5)
Q) According to the authors, is our aversion to inequity based on biological mechanisms, social mechanisms, or both?
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Discussion
Q) According to the authors, is our aversion to inequity based
on biological mechanisms, social mechanisms, or both?
A) Both-We likely reject DI based on evolutionary reasons
-What favors our competitors threatens us
-We likely reject AI based on social reasons-social norms (what we’ve been taught)-Concern about reputation-Concern about treating others fairly so
they treat us fairly
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Individual Exercise:
Answer the provided questions on your own.
-either on the sheet, or on loose-leaf
-Submit before you leave
Do not share your work