Articles on the Chemical Imbalance Theory:

The Emperor's New Drugs: An Analysis of Antidepressant Medication Data

Submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/NLPs/EmperorsNewDrugs.htm

In Prevention and Treatment, July 15, 2002

Irving Kirsch; Thomas J. Moore; Alan Scoboria and Sarah S. Nicholls

Antidepressants: A Triumph of Marketing Over Science?

http://www.antidepressantsfacts.com/2002-07-15-Antonuccio-therapy-vs-med.htm

In Prevention and Treatment, July 15, 2002

David Antonuccio, MD; David D. Burns; William G. Danton

Serotonin and Depression: A Disconnect Between the Advertisements and the

Scientific Literature

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020392

In Public Library of Science , Nov. 8, 2005, Jeffrey R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo

Medscape Medical News: Advertisements for SSRI’s May Be Misleading

http://www.dbdouble.freeuk.com/MEDSCAPENEWS.htm

On Medscape, Nov. 8, 2005, Laurie Barclay, MD

There is No Such Thing as Psychiatric Disorder/Disease/Chemical Imbalance

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1518691/

In Public Library of Science, July 5, 2006, Fred Baughman

The Media and the Chemical Imbalance Theory Of Depression http://www.springerlink.com/content/u37j12152n826q60/fulltext.pdf

In Springer Science, 28 November 2007, Jonathan Leo, Jeffrey R. Lacasse

Unsubstantiated Chemical Imbalance Theory of Depression Perpetuated by the Media http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/99356.php In Medical News Today, March 4, 2008, Jeffrey Lacasse, Florida State University

The Chemical Imbalance Myth

http://thehealthyskeptic.org/the-chemical-imbalance-myth

June 30, 2008, Chris Kresser (blog)

The Healthy Skeptic: Depression (Series of articles debunking chemical myth, and

discussing health-promoting alternatives)

http://thehealthyskeptic.org/depression

June 30, 2008, Chris Kresser

“I Have a Chemical Imbalance” – Helpful or Unhelpful Perspective? (Doctors blog on Medscape)

http://boards.medscape.com/forums/?128@guest@.29f5f97f!comment=1

Shyam Bhat, MD, Psychiatry/Mental Health, 06:58AM Sep 5, 2009

Internist and Psychiatrist, Integrative Medicine; Blog moderator

The Depressing News About Antidepressants – “Studies suggest that the popular

drugs are no more effective than a placebo. In fact, they may be worse.”

http://www.newsweek.com/2010/01/28/the-depressing-news-about-antidepressants.html In Newsweek, Sharon Begley, Jan. 29, 2010

Listening to Prozac, But Hearing Placebo – The Emperor’s New Drugs? http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/charting-the-depths/201002/listening-prozac-

hearing-placebo (A review of “The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant

Myth,” by Irving Kirsch, PhD) In PsychologyToday.com, “Charting the Depths – Reflections

on the Science of Depression” series, by Jonathon Rottenberg, PhD, Feb. 20, 2010

(Other Posts on this Psychology Today Blog: )

A blistering, rambling, entertaining attack on the biomedical disease model of depression : Is Depression Manufactured? http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/charting-the-depths/201002/blistering-rambling-entertaining-attack-the-biomedical-disease-model (Feb. 4, 2010 – Review of

“Manufacturing Depression: The Secret History of a Modern Disease, by

Gary Greenburg, PhD)

The Disease Model of Depression Has Not Lifted Depression Stigma: The Enduring Stigma of Depression http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/charting-the-depths/201009/the-disease-model-depression-has-not-lifted-depression-stigma (Sept. 20,

2010 – Reviewing a recent research article on this topic.)

The serotonin theory of depression is collapsing: Prozac backpedal http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/charting-the-depths/201007/the-serotonin-theory-depression-is-collapsing (July 23, 2010 Concludes: “As a scientific venture, the theory that low serotonin causes depression appears to be on the verge of collapse. This is as it should be; the nature of science is ultimately to be self-correcting. Ideas must yield before evidence. “I am less confident about the nature of public opinion. How many times more will the mantra of depression as diabetes (with Prozac starring as insulin) be repeated? Who will dispel the illusion that the smart scientists have firmly established that depression is caused by low serotonin? Make no mistake, it will be difficult to alter the dominant lay theory of depression. I offer this blog post as a humble harbinger of change.”