artificial blood..a tool for new life
TRANSCRIPT
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Artificial blood ..a tool for new life
Presented by:-Jyoti Devendra Adala
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What is artificial blood??Blood : viscous, alkaline, cellular fluid.
Artificial blood : substitute for red blood cells.
sole purpose is to carry oxygen to tissues and heart.
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History• Karl Landsteiner : immunologist
and pathologist in the 1900s• He classified human blood into
four groups: A, B, AB, and O
• Medical practitioners tried substances like urine , beer, milk etc as a blood substitute.
• In 1854, patients were injected with milk to treat Asiatic cholera
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Ringer’s Solution
• Created by the physiologist Sydney Ringer in 1882
• It is a saline solution • Contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and
NaHCO3• This solution resembles blood serum• Often used to culture animal cells
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Ideal Characteristics of Artificial Blood
• Safe to use
• Compatible in the human body
• Able to transport and release oxygen
• Storable and durable for longer time periods
• Is free of pathogens and toxins
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Types…
1) Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)2) Haemoglobin-based products
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Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)
• Derivatives of HC in which the H2 atoms are replaced by F2 atoms.
• Biologically inert materials • Can dissolve about 50 times
more O2 than blood plasma.
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CONTINUED……
• Process of production: Water, salts, and phospholipids surfactant are
added, emulsified at high-pressure homogenization purified through high temperatures of steam.
• Common PFCs: Perfluorodecalin, Perflubron
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Advantages 1) do not react with
oxygen.
2) easy oxygen transport .
3)increased oxygen solubility in plasma.
4)minimize the effects
of factors like pH and temperature.
Disadvantages 1)may causes flu-like symptoms.
2) unable to remain mixed as aqueous solutions.
3) PFCs absorb oxygen passively,
difficulty in breathing.
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Haemoglobin - based products
• Hb carries O2 from the lungs to the other tissues in the body
• The challenge is to modify the Hb molecule
• This involves using recombinant DNA technology to produce modified proteins
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Manufacturing process
1) Hb synthesisa) E-coli bacteria strainb) Seed tankc) Fermentationd) Isolation
2) Final processinga) Packagingb) Checking
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• Merits
1) Availability .2) Shelf life.3) Inexpensive and works
rapidly.4) Works regardless of blood
type.5) Easy to store and transport.
• Demerits
1)disrupts certain physiological structures.
2)It releases free radicals into the body.
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future
• Currently, there are several companies working of the production of a safe and effective artificial blood substitute.
• Scientists from IIT - Madras, claimed that they were able to generate a quadrillion amount of pure RBC’s from a million number of stem cells.
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www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2738310
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everydayinnovations/artificialblood.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute
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