ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Artificial insemination(AI) is the deliberate introduction ofsperminto a female'suterusorcervixfor the purpose of achieving a pregnancythroughin vivo fertilizationby means other thansexual intercourse. The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor occurred in 1884.

Types of Artificial Insemination

a. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves injection of washed sperm into the uterus with acatheterb. Intracervical insemination (ICI) involves injection of unwashed or raw semen into thecervixwith a needleless syringec. Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination (IUTPI) involves injection of washed sperm into both the uterus andfallopian tubesd. Intratubal insemination) involves injection of washed sperm into thefallopian tubeThe pregnancy or success rates for artificial insemination are 10 to 15% permenstrual cycleusing ICI, and 1520% per cycle for IUI.In IUI, about 60 to 70% have achieved pregnancy after 6 cyclesClassification of Artificial Insemination According to the Source of the Seeds

(Sperm)

1. A.I.H. (Artificial Insemination Husband or Homologous Insemination) the sperm comes from the husband.2. A.I.D. (Artificial Insemination Donor or Heterologous Insemination) the sperm comes from a donor.3. A.I.H.D. (Artificial Insemination Husband Donor or Confused Artificial Insemination) comes from the combination of the sperm of the husband and a third partyKind of Fertility ProblemThat Artificial Insemination Can Be Used

a. men who have very low sperm counts or sperm that arent strong enough to swim through the cervix and up to into the fallopian tubes.b. option for women have endometriosis or abnormalities of any of their reproductive organc. women with unreceptive cervical mucusd. male partner is impotente. lesbian couple, single woman who does not have or want a male partner

Before artificial insemination is turned to as the solution to impregnate a woman, doctors will require an examination of both the male and female involved in order to remove any and all physical hindrances that are preventing them from naturally achieving a pregnancy. The couple is also given a fertility test to determine the motility, number, and viability of the male's sperm and the success of the female's ovulation.Legal restrictionsSome countries restrict artificial insemination in a variety of ways. For example, some countries do not permit AI for single women, and some Muslim countries do not permit the use of donor sperm.

As of May 2013, the following European countries permit medically assisted AI for single women:

Armenia Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Greece

Hungary

Iceland Ireland Latvia Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Romania Russia Spain Ukraine

United Kingdom

Social implications One of the key issues arising from the rise of dependency onassisted reproductive technology(ARTs) is the pressure placed on couples to conceive; 'where children are highly desired, parenthood is culturally mandatory, and childlessness socially unacceptable'.

There is no problem if the spouses have authorized or ratified the

insemination in a written instrument which they signed freely and voluntarily

without deception before the birth of the child. For then, the status of the

child is indubitably legitimate by express provision of law.

The child will be illegitimate if the wife was subjected to artificial insemination without her consent or against her will because it is a patent violation of the law63 which requires the consent of both the husband and the wife to the procedure of artificial insemination. Morality in Catholic Church According to some Catholic literature, "To achieve union but not children by means of contraceptives and to achieve children but not union by means of artificial insemination are both equally wrong." Heterosexual intercourse is viewed by some in the Catholic community as a sacramental act meant to be experienced only by married couples; it is viewed as a physical representation of the spiritual unity of marriage between a husband and wife.