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DEFINITIONPHILOSOPHYGOALSTOOLSEVALUATING PROGRESSBENEFITSPROBLEMSAPPROACHESAPPLICATIONS

JOHN MC-CARTHY COINED THE TERM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN 1949.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines.

I t is the ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation).

It is the ability to model the world and to reason about it.

It is the ability to learn and to adapt.

In china and other Asian countries artificial intelligence is a boom.

Robots do the things that humans do.

Robots can walk, help, think, lift all things like human beings.

They have a great speed and motion.

Artificial intelligence, by claiming to be able to recreate the capabilities of the human mind, is a both challenge and an inspiration for philosophy.

Natural intelligence: (NI) is the opposite of artificial intelligence; it is all the systems of control present in biology. Normally when we think of NI we think about how animal or human brains function, but there is more to natural intelligence than neuroscience.

Understanding natural intelligence requires understanding all of these influences on behavior and their interactions.

One of the best methods for understanding how NI systems work is to try to replicate their behavior in simulation.

WHAT REQUIRES MORE INTELLIGENCE????

A GAME OF TIC TAC TOE ORRECOGNIZING A CHAIR

RECOGNIZING A CHAIR IS HARDER

Possibilities are knownNumber of possibilities is relatively

smallRules are known It is possible to write

a computer program thatplays tic-tac-toe

What defines a chair anyway? Number of legs, Color, Material, Arms,

Back.

The ability of a computer to perform tasks that when performed by a human require intelligence.(like mentioned below) Solving puzzles Playing a game of Chess Doing mathematics Recognizing faces Understanding language Driving a car Banking Scheduling meetings Flying planes

Two main goals of AI:

To understand human intelligence better. To test theories of human intelligence by writing programs which emulate it.

To create useful “smart” programs able to do tasks that would normally require a human expert.

Search and optimizationLogicProbabilistic methods for uncertain

reasoningClassifiers and statistical learning

methodsNeural networksControl theory

Natural intelligence: (NI) is the opposite of artificial intelligence; it is all the systems of control present in biology. Normally when we think of NI we think about how animal or human brains function, but there is more to natural intelligence than neuroscience. •Nature also demonstrates non-neural control in plants and protozoa, as well as distributed intelligence in colony species like ants, hyenas and humans. Our behaviour co-evolves with the rest of our bodies, and in response to our changing environment. • Understanding natural intelligence requires understanding all of these influences on behaviour and their interactions.• One of the best methods for understanding how NI systems work is to try to replicate their behaviour in simulation.

Evaluating progress Evaluating progress Evaluating progress

Artificial intelligence can also be evaluated on specific problems such as small problems in chemistry, hand-writing recognition and game-playing. Such tests have been termed subject matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provide more achievable goals and there are an ever-increasing number of positive results.

Knowledge representationPlanningLearningNatural language processingMotion and manipulationPerceptionSocial intelligenceCreativityGeneral intelligence

While there is no universally accepted definition of intelligence.

AI researchers have studied several traits that are considered essential.

Deduction, reasoning, problem solving.

Cybernetics and brain simulation.Traditional symbolic AI.Sub-symbolic AI. Intelligent agent paradigm. Integrating the approaches.Tools of AI research.Search and optimization.Logic.Probabilistic methods for uncertain

reasoning.

Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys.

Frequently, when a technique reaches mainstream use it is no longer considered artificial intelligence, sometimes described as the AI effect.

It may also become integrated into artificial life.

Other fields in which AI methods are implemented:

Artificial life Automated reasoning Automation Biologically inspired computing Concept mining Data mining Knowledge representation Semantic Web Robotics Hybrid intelligent system Intelligent agent Intelligent control