ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

BY:Jeff Brauer, David Abarbanel, Monica Balod, Mae Anglo, Umangi Bhatt

HISTORY OF A.I.HISTORY OF A.I.

The name Artificial Intelligence was coined The name Artificial Intelligence was coined in 1956 by John McCarthyin 1956 by John McCarthy

Computer Science development Computer Science development progressed after World War II with theprogressed after World War II with theincreased computing power and major increased computing power and major improvements in the design ofimprovements in the design ofthe machinesthe machines

He wrote a paper in 1950 arguing for the He wrote a paper in 1950 arguing for the possibility of creatingpossibility of creatingintelligent machinesintelligent machines

In the Turing Test, a human converses In the Turing Test, a human converses with an unseen party and ifwith an unseen party and ifthe human believes he is talking to the human believes he is talking to another human when he is reallyanother human when he is reallytalking to a machine, the machine passestalking to a machine, the machine passes

Alan Turing and "The Turing Test"

Newell and Simon created a problem Newell and Simon created a problem solving program called Logicsolving program called LogicTheorist that attempted to solve problems Theorist that attempted to solve problems with the accepted rules ofwith the accepted rules oflogiclogic

John McCarthy proposed that a study John McCarthy proposed that a study called "The Dartmouth Summercalled "The Dartmouth SummerResearch Project On Artificial Intelligence" Research Project On Artificial Intelligence" be done based on his belief that be done based on his belief that intelligence can be described so that a intelligence can be described so that a machine could be made to replicate itmachine could be made to replicate it

Language TranslationLanguage Translation: an early leader, but in the : an early leader, but in the late 50's programs that could do a decent job of late 50's programs that could do a decent job of translating technical documents existedtranslating technical documents existed

Problem SolvingProblem Solving: most work revolved around the : most work revolved around the work of Newell,Shaw and Simon on the General work of Newell,Shaw and Simon on the General Problem SolverProblem Solver

Pattern RecognitionPattern Recognition: computers that could : computers that could interpret Morse code and read handwriting in interpret Morse code and read handwriting in different styles were builtdifferent styles were built

Hubert Dreyfus says that nearly all initial work in AI concerned one of these three areas

A.I. GAME SIMULATIONA.I. GAME SIMULATION

Arthur Samuel wrote the first checkers-Arthur Samuel wrote the first checkers-playing program in 1963.playing program in 1963.It is best known for defeating Robert It is best known for defeating Robert Nealey in 1963Nealey in 1963

Deep Blue (the computer built by IBM Deep Blue (the computer built by IBM engineers) defeated the world'sengineers) defeated the world'shuman chess champion, Gary Kasparov, in human chess champion, Gary Kasparov, in a 6 match tournament in 1997a 6 match tournament in 1997

What is A.I.?What is A.I.?

Science & Engineering of creating Science & Engineering of creating machinery that can carry out tasks such machinery that can carry out tasks such as perception, reasoning, & learningas perception, reasoning, & learning

Artificial computer programmed to Artificial computer programmed to “think”“think”

How is A.I. used today?How is A.I. used today?

CalculatorsCalculators

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Pet robotsPet robots

Defense systemsDefense systems

ASIMO ROBOT

A.I. in the MilitaryA.I. in the Military

Defense StrategyDefense Strategy

Sonar sounds Sonar sounds SecuritySecurity

Voice recognitionVoice recognition SafetySafety

Autonomous BuggiesAutonomous Buggies

Aerial VehiclesAerial Vehicles

(con’t)(con’t) Radar programsRadar programs

Modern helicoptersModern helicopters

Pilot controlPilot control

Automatic landing on carriersAutomatic landing on carriers

SDI’s “e” evolutionary algorithm in modern helicopters

SummarySummary

A.I. will continue to expand in many A.I. will continue to expand in many different fields but we feel the most different fields but we feel the most important is defenseimportant is defense

As a leader of the public, safety is a As a leader of the public, safety is a priority and should be invested inpriority and should be invested in

THE END!THE END!