artificial intelligence techniques
DESCRIPTION
Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Internet Applications 2. Aims of the session. What are Microdata Are they useful? Introduce the concept of Semantic Web semantic web with ‘small s’ Internal research. Microdata. A way putting meaning (semantics) within existing web content. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Internet Applications 2
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Aims of the session What are Microdata Are they useful? Introduce the concept of Semantic
Web semantic web with ‘small s’ Internal research.
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Microdata A way putting meaning
(semantics) within existing web content.
HTML5’s Best-Kept Secret http://www.webmonkey.com/2010/09/microdata-html5s-best-k
ept-secret/
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<section itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Person"> <dd itemprop="name">Scott Turner</dd> <dd><span itemprop="title">Senior Lecturer</span> <span itemprop="affiliation">University of Northampton</span></dd> <dd itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Address"> <span itemprop="street-address">Avenue Campus</span><br> <span itemprop="locality">Northampton</span>, <span itemprop="region">Northamptonshire</span> <span itemprop="postal-code">NN2 6JB</span> <span itemprop="country-name">UK</span> </dd>
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<section itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Person">
This says the section describes a Person.
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<dd itemprop="name">Scott Turner</dd> Each property of Person is
itemprop – In this case the name of the person.
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<dd itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Address"> <span itemprop="street-address">Avenue Campus</span><br> <span itemprop="locality">Northampton</span>,
<span itemprop="region">Northamptonshire</span> <span itemprop="postal-code">NN2 6JB</span> <span itemprop="country-name">UK</span> </dd>
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Further reading http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/ans
wer.py?hl=en&answer=99170&topic=21997&ctx=topic
http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets
http://www.barryko.com/seo/html5-microdata-schema-generator/
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Other approaches
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Microformats <div id="hcard-Scott-J-Turner" class="vcard"> <span class="fn n"> <span class="given-name">Scott</span> <span class="additional-name">J</span> <span class="family-name">Turner</span> </span> <div class="org">University of Northampton</div> <div class="adr"> <div class="street-address">St Georges Avenue</div> <span class="locality">Northampton</span>, <span class="region">Northamptonshire</span>, <span class="postal-code">NN2 6JD</span> <span class="country-name">U.K</span> </div> <div class="tel">+44 1604 893028</div>
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Examples hCard: for marking up contact
information. hCalendar: Marking up event
information. XFN: Marking up relationships
between people. Hreview: Marking up reviews.
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Illustrative Example <rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.computing.northampton.ac.uk"> <dc:title>Scott Turner</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>University of Northampton</dc:publisher>
</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
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RDFa RDFa, provides a set of XHTML
attributes to augment visual data with machine-readable hints
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"<foaf:PersonalProfileDocument rdf:about=""> <foaf:maker rdf:resource="#me"/> <foaf:primaryTopic rdf:resource="#me"/></foaf:PersonalProfileDocument><foaf:Person rdf:ID="me"><foaf:name>Scott Turner</foaf:name><foaf:title>Dr</foaf:title><foaf:givenname>Scott</foaf:givenname><foaf:family_name>Turner</foaf:family_name><foaf:mbox_sha1sum>a8428e44d03b8fe2bd3f7860d7d64d229ad71169</
foaf:mbox_sha1sum><foaf:homepage rdf:resource="www.computing.northampton.ac.uk/~scott"/><foaf:workplaceHomepage
rdf:resource="www.computing.northampton.ac.uk/~scott"/></foaf:Person></rdf:RDF>
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Agents This is has been argued is the real
power of the power of semantic web to produce machine-readable Web-content.
Programs collating information form diverse sources.
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Definition “The Semantic Web is a project to create
a universal medium for information exchange by putting documents with computer-processable meaning (semantics) on the World Wide Web. Currently under the direction of the Web's creator, Tim Berners-Lee of the World Wide Web Consortium, the Semantic Web extends the Web through the use of standards, markup languages and related processing tools. “ Wikipedia (2006a)
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Image taken from Wikipedia (2006a)
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Resource Description Framework (RDF) W3C specification orignally for metadata
modelling in XML Metadata model based on statements
about resources, three parts (triples): Subject:The resource (often in form of URI) Predicate: aspects of the resource and the
relationship between the subject and the object.
Object:property To read more Wikipedia (2006c)
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Ontologies 1 Typical kind of ontology for Web
applications has a taxonomy and a set of interference rules.
Taxonomy defines classes of objects and the relations among them.
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Ontologies 2 Typical kind of ontology for Web
applications has a taxonomy and a set of interference rules.
Taxonomy defines classes of objects and the relations among them.
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OWL (Web Ontology Language) A Markup Language for sharing
ontologies on the web. Designed for applications that
need machine-readable content not just for humans.
Written in XML For more information see
Wikipedia (2006b)
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AI and the semantic web AI aspects (or weak AI (see
Wikipedia (2006a)) comes from the machine-readable aspects.
Machines ability to perform well defined tasks and well-defined data, for a well-defined problem (Wikipedia 2006a)
Is this AI?
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AI and the semantic web AI aspects (or weak AI (see
Wikipedia (2006a)) comes from the machine-readable aspects.
Machines ability to perform well defined tasks and well-defined data, for a well-defined problem (Wikipedia 2006a)
Is this AI?
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Internal research An ex-MSc student has recently
submitted a paper on something similar.
presented at a conference May 2011.
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Using the link below: http://inspector.sindice.com/ Investigate several sites including
the one below: http://
www.computing.northampton.ac.uk/~scott/
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References and Bibliography Berners-Lee T, Hendler J, Lassila O (2001) The
Semantic Web Scientific American pg 35-43 Wikipedia (2006a) Semantic Web [online]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web Accessed on: 11/1/2007
Wikipedia (2006b) Web Ontology Language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language Accessed on 11/1/2007
Wikipedia (2006c) Resource Description Framework http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework Accessed on 11/1/2007
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Jones MT (2005) AI Application Programming 2nd Edition, ISBN 1-58450-421-8 pp 387-438.
Segaran (2007) Programming Collective intelligence ISBN 0-596-52932-5
Wikipedia (NA) Software Agents http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_agent [online] Accessed on 16/03/2007.