artificial recharge in semiartificial recharge in semi...
TRANSCRIPT
Artificial Recharge in SemiArtificial Recharge in Semi--aridaridArtificial Recharge in SemiArtificial Recharge in Semi arid arid Region Region –– A Case Study of A Case Study of
MaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtra
ByByDr. S. K. JainDr. S. K. Jain
Central Ground Water BoardCentral Ground Water BoardIndiaIndiaIndiaIndia
FIGURE - 2.1
I N D I A
)
DELHI
BULDHANA ( 5 )
BULDHANA ( 5 )
AKOLA (2)
W ARDHA ( 15 )
NAGPUR ( 8 )
GONDIA ( 6 )
JALGAON DISTRICT
M A H A R A S H T R AM A H A R A S H T R AI N D I A
,KOLKATA
CHENNAI,
MAHARASHTRA
,MUMBAI
PUNE ( 11 )
SOLAPUR (14)
STUDY AREA
CHOPDA
JALGAON
ERANDOL
MUKTAI NAGARAMALNER
YAWALRAVER
BHUSAWAL
PAROLA
CHOPDA
J A L G A O N D I S T R I C TJ A L G A O N D I S T R I C T
PACHORABHADGAON
JAMNER
CHALISGAON
I N D E X M A P O F T H E S T U D Y A R E A
14
HYDROGEOLOGY OF MAHARASHTRAMAHARASHTRA
DRAINAGEDRAINAGE
TAPI ALLUVIAL BELT
MANIKPUR P.T CONSTRUCTED BY CGWB G t f I diCGWB, Govt. of India
BENODA P.T. CONSTRUCTED BY CGWB G t f I diCGWB, Govt. of India
CEMENT PLUG AT MAMDAPUR CONSTRUCTED BY CGWBCONSTRUCTED BY CGWB
CEMENT PLUG AT TEMBHURKHEDA BY CGWB
RAINFALL ANALYSISSl.no.
Places Avg. Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall trend (mm/yr)
Sd (mm)
Co-eff of Variation (%)
Drought years (%)
Excess rainfall years (%)(%)
1 JALGAON 774.6 -0.006 181 23 15 11
2 CHOPDA 724.8 -0.322 194 27 18 18
3 YAVAL 736.0 -0.515 209 28 20 21
4 BHUSAVAL 730.0 -1.675 198 27 17 22
5 CHALISGAON 719.0 +0.390 195 27 17 13
PROBABILITY OF RAINFALL OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE
1300
1400
1100
1200
1300
800
900
1000
ainf
all (
mm
)
600
700
Ra
300
400
500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Probabilty (%)
D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A
FIG URE - 4.1
I N J A L G A O N D I S T R I C TI N J A L G A O N D I S T R I C T
STUDY AREASTUDY AREA
YAW AL
RAVERCHOPDA
JALGAON MUKTAI NAGAR
ERANDOL
AMALNER
BHUSAW AL
PAROLA
PACHORABHADGAON
JAMNER
CHALISGAON
D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A
L E G E N DL E G E N D
D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A
46
RAINFALL INTENSITY
Month & Year Rainfall Max Rainfall IntensityMonth & Year Rainfall Max. Rainfall Intensitymm/ Hrs
mm Hrs mm Hrs
Jun, 1995 139.1 19.6 55.0 5.0 11.0
Jul, 1995 159.0 50.0 21.5 3.0 7.2
Aug, 1995 39.7 9.6 9.5 1.25 7.6
Sep, 1995 123.9 32.5 36.7 10.25 3.6Sep, 1995 123.9 32.5 36.7 10.25 3.6
Oct, 1995 47.5 5.5 46.0 5.0 9.2
Jun, 1996 19.9 3.4 13.6 1.25 10.0
Jul, 1996 148.4 NA* NA NA NA
Aug, 1996 100.0 16.0 39.6 7.00 5.7
Sep 1996 131 0 17 2 20 2 0 75 26 9Sep, 1996 131.0 17.2 20.2 0.75 26.9
Oct, 1996 58.5 15.8 44.2 9.0 4.9
ANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALL
Frequency Number of Rainy Days in a YearFrequency of Daily Rain
(mm)
Number of Rainy Days in a Year
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000
0 - 5 41 18 40 44 38 20
5-10 15 15 7 9 20 2
10-20 17 7 7 13 7 5
20-30 3 5 3 2 2 4
30-40 1 1 4 1 5 -
40-50 1 1 1 1 2 4
50-70 - 1 - 1 - 2
70-100 - - - 1 - 2
100 1100 - - - - 1 -
Total 78 48 62 72 75 39
AVERAGE EVAPORATION
12
14
8
10
mm
/ da
y )
6
8
apor
atio
n (m
2
4
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Eva
Month
RAINFALL RAINFALL -- RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPRUNOFF RELATIONSHIP
HILLYHILLY AREAAREA
80
90
100
1995
50
60
70
mm
)
1996199719981999
20
30
40
Run
off
(m
19992000
0
10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Monsoon Month Rainfall (mm)
RAINFALL – RUNOFFTRENDTREND
100
120
m )
Series1Best fit line
60
80
Run
off (
mm
20
40
Cum
ulat
ive
R
0
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
C
y = 0.0072x1.4106 Cumulative Rainfall (mm )
RAINFALL – RUNOFF RELATIONRAINFALL – RUNOFF RELATIONALLUVIAL PLAINS
35
40
25
30
off (
mm
)
15
20
Cum
ulat
ive
Run
o
0
5
10
C
19961997
00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Monsoon Monthly Cumulative Rainf all (mm)
RAINFALL RAINFALL –– RUNOFF TRENDLINERUNOFF TRENDLINEPLAINSPLAINS
y = 0.026x1.1552
40
Rainfall-RunoffPower (Rainfall-Runoff)
30
40
off (
mm
)
10
20
ulat
ive
Run
0
10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Cum
u
Cumulative Rainfall (mm)
S O IL IN F IL T R A T IO N R A T E IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A
∀R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
8 2 14 3 6
6 0 0
≅
≅≅
≅
5 0 9
≅
8 8 5
8 1 4
≅
≅1 0 7 4 0 2 4
k ilo m e tre s
∀
B a g h jh ira
M a n u d e v i
Ic h k h e d a
N a g jh ira
N im b a d e v i
H a r ip u ra
4 5 1
≅
≅
2 7 3
2 8 0
5 1 4
≅
≅≅
3 4 3
≅
2 8 9
≅F
F
unak
Nad
i
K in g a o n
M a lo d
N a y g a o n
K i B k
K h
S a v k h e d a S im
D a h ig a o n
M o h a ra la
M h a ilk h e d i
2 3 5
2 4 5
2 7 8
2 8 6
Bhau
D o n g a o n
D a m b h u rn i
G ira d g a o n
K in g a o n B kB o ra la
V a g h o d a
C h u n c h a la
S a k li
N a v ra
K o rp a v il
2 0 6
2 2 0
L E G E N DL E G E N DIn f i ltra t io n R a te (c m / h o u r)
TAPI R
B h a u n a k N a d i
S h ira g a d
N h a v i
D a m b h u rn i
D a g li
M a n v e l
S a k liS irs a d1 9 1
1 9 1
1 8 9
In f i ltra t io n R a te (c m / h o u r)
< 1 0
1 0 - 2 0
2 0 - 3 0I RIVERP a th ra le T h o rg a v h a n 2 0 3 0
> 3 0
6 7
In filtra tion In T he S tudy A rea
P R E M O N S O O N S O IL M O IS T U R E IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A
F I G U R E 5 . 3
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
0 2 4
k ilom e tres
!N
F
F B agh jh ira
M anudev i
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
N agjh ira
N im badev i
H a ripu ra
di
Ichkheda
M a lod
N aygaon S avkheda S im
M ohara la
Bhau
nak
Nad
D ongaon
K ingaon
G iradgaon
K ingaon B k
K h
B ora la
V aghoda
C huncha la
N avra
K orpav il
D ah igaon M ha ilkhed i
B haun ak N ad i
S h iragad
N hav i
D am bhurn i
D ag li
M anve l
S ak liS irsad L E G E N DL E G E N D
( P erc en tag e )S o il M o is tu re
5 - 10TAPI RIVER
S h iragad
P a th ra leT ho rgavhan
5 - 10
< 5
7 0
HYDROCHEMISTRY
The quality of ground water is generally alkaline and is good for domestic, irrigation and industrial uses.
WATER BEARING FORMATIONS…WATER BEARING FORMATIONS…
DECCAN TRAP
Weathered vesicular fractured and jointedWeathered, vesicular, fractured and jointed zones form aquifers in Deccan trap.GW occurs under water table and confined conditions.The wells tapping Deccan traps shows yield ranges from 21 to 337 m3/dayranges from 21 to 337 m3/dayDeeper aquifer tapped by borewells yield 1.8 to 52 m3/hr.
WATER BEARING FORMATIONSWATER BEARING FORMATIONS…
ALLUVIUM
Alluvium having pebbles, gravels and coarse sand forms aquifer zones. T b ll i thi di h 5 t 10Tubewells in this area discharge 5 to 10 lps with transmissivity varying from 83 to 2314 m2/day.yground water occurs under water table and confined conditions.
WATER BEARING FORMATIONSWATER BEARING FORMATIONS…..
BAZADA
A Talus and scree depositsThese occur along the foot hills of satpura and form excellent aquifers.
(
H Y D R O G E O L O G Y O F T H E S T U D Y A R E A
F IG U R E - 8 .1
821436
600
≅
≅≅
≅
509
514
≅
885
814
≅
≅1074
≅
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T0 2 4
kilom etres
(451
≅
273
280
514
≅≅
≅
278
343
≅
289
≅B agh jh ira
M anudev i
Ichkheda
N ag jh ira
N im badev i
H aripu ra
M ohara la230 270
290
270
290
Bhau
nak
Nad
i
235
245
2 20
286
D ongaon
K ingaon
M alod
N aygaon
G iradgaon
K ingaon B k
K h
B ora laC huncha la
S avkheda S im
K orpav il
D ah igaon
M ohara la
M ha ilkhed i
190
180
190
230
B haunak N adi
2 06
1 91
D am bhurn i
g
D ag li
M anve l
V aghoda
S ak liS irsad
N avra170
160
180
L E G E N DL E G E N D
L i t
TAPI RIVER
1 9 1
18 9
S h iragad
N hav i
P a th ra le T horgavhan
160
170L ineam en t
D ra inage
W ater T ab le C ontour
W ate r B earing Fo rm ations
180
(m e tre am sl)
g
D eccan T rap B azada A lluv ium
105
C H R O N O L O G Y O F D E P T H T O W A T E R L E V E L IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A
S IN C E 1 9 7 5 T O 2 0 0 0 ( P O S T - M O N S O O N S E A S O N )
F IG U R E - 8 .5
F
FF
F
1 9 7 5 1 9 9 3
Bha
unak
Nad
i
Hatnur Canal
Hatnur Canal
B h a u n a k N a d i
Bhau
nak
Nad
i
TAPI R IVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
TAPI R IVER
L E G E N D
D e p th to W a te r L e v e lha
unak
Nad
i
F
F
D e p th to W a te r L e v e l
( m e t r e b e lo w g r o u n d le v e l )
0 - 1 0
TAPI R IVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
Bh
Hatnur Canal
1 0 - 2 0
2 0 - 3 0
3 0 - 4 0
D r a in a g e
2 0 0 0
1 1 5
C H R O N O L O G Y O F D E P T H T O W A T E R L E V E L IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A
S IN C E 1 9 6 4 T O 2 0 0 0 ( P R E - M O N S O O N S E A S O N )
F IG U R E - 8 .4
1 5 m1 5 m 1 5 m 2 1 m 3 0 m
F
F
1 9 6 4 1 9 7 5
9 m
9 m
9 m
9m
6 m
9 m
9 m
9 m
9 m
1 5 m 1 5 m6 m
6 m
6 m
2 1 m
3 0 m
Hatnur Canal
TAPI RIVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
Bhau
nak
Nad
i
8 2 14 3 6
6 0 0
4 5 1
≅
≅≅≅
≅5 0 9
5 1 4
≅≅
8 8 5
8 1 4
≅
≅1 0 7 4
≅ ≅B a g h jh ira
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
N im b a d e v i
1 9 9 3 2 0 0 0
Bhau
nak
Nad
i
Bha
unak
Nad
i
Hatnur
≅
2 7 3
2 3 5
2 8 0
2 4 5
2 2 0
≅ ≅
2 7 8
3 4 3
≅
2 8 6
2 8 9
≅
D o n g a o n
K in g a o n
M a n u d e v i
Ic h k h e d a
M a lo d
N a y g a o n
G ira d g a o n
K in g a o n B k
K h
B o ra la
V a g h o d a
C h u n c h a la
N a v ra
N a g jh ira H a r ip u ra
S a v k h e d a S im
K o rp a v il
D a h ig a o n
M o h a ra la
M h a ilk h e d i
TAPI RIVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
TAPI RIVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
ur Canal
2 0 6
1 9 1
1 9 1
1 8 9
S h ira g a d
N h a v i
P a th ra le
D a m b h u rn i
D a g li
T h o rg a v h a n
M a n v e l
S a k liS irs a d
L E G E N D
D e p th to W a te r L e v e l (m e tre b e lo w g ro u n d le v e l)
0 - 1 0 1 0 - 2 0 2 0 - 3 0 3 0 - 4 0 4 0 - 5 0 D ra in a g e
1 1 4
GRAPH OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
y = 1.1571x + 20.64320
22
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Postmonsoon22
24
bgl ) Premonsoon
26
28
DTW
( m
y = 0.4905x + 27.04330
32
Ave
D
34
CHANGES IN PRE-MONSOON SCENARIOPRE-MONSOON SCENARIO
DTW mbgl
100%
0-10m 10 - 20m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m
80%
100%
40%
60%
AR
EA
0%
20%
0%1975 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 YEAR
CHANGES IN POST-MONSOON SCENARIOPOST MONSOON SCENARIO
DTWmbgl
100%
0-10m 10 - 20m20-30m 30-40m
80%
100%
40%
60%
AR
EA
0%
20%
A
0%
1975 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000YEAR
FORMATION-WISEDEPTH TO WATER LEVELDEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
20
22Whole Area
24
26
28
YEARS
DTW
(m.b
gl ) Bazada
AlluviumCentral Allu.
30
32
34
Ave
. D
36
38
93-9
4
94-9
5
95-9
6
96-9
7
97-9
8
98-9
9
99-0
0
00-0
1
199 9 9 9 9 9 9 0
OBSERVATION WELLS HYDROGRAPHSMohrala
y = 1.0786x + 26.82920
30
1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003
YEAR
O W
ATE
R LEV
EL( m
bgl )
Premosoon
Postmonsoon
Linear
y = 0.916x + 31.094
40
50
DEP
TH TO
YEAR Giradgaon
y = 0.8059x + 19.73410
20
30
1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003
YEAR
WA
TER
LEV
ELm
bgl)
y = 0.953x + 22.081
40
50
DEP
TH T
O W
(m
Dambhurni
y = 0.6802x + 20.84810
20
1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003YEAR
PTH
TO
WA
TER
LEVE
L(m
bgl)
y = 0.6284x + 24.58
30
40
DEP L
8 0 0
D U G W E L L D E N S IT Y IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A ( 1 9 9 0 )
∀
F IG U R E - 8 .1 1
8 0 0 8 0 0
8 0 0
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
8 2 14 3 6
6 0 0
≅
≅≅
≅
5 0 9
≅
8 8 5
8 1 4
≅
≅1 0 7 4 0 2 4
k ilo m e tre s
∀
F
F4 0 0
4 0 0B a g h jh ir a
M a n u d e v i
Ic h k h e d a
N a g jh ir a
N im b a d e v i
H a r ip u ra
4 5 1
≅
2 7 3
2 8 0
5 1 4
≅
≅≅
3 4 3
≅
2 8 9
≅
Bhau
nak
Nad
i
K in g a o n
M a lo d
N a y g a o n
K in g a o n B k
K h
B o ra la
S a v k h e d a S im
K o rp a v il
D a h ig a o n
M o h a ra la
M h a ilk h e d i
2 3 5
2 4 5
2 7 8
2 8 6
Hatnur Canal
2 0 0
B
D o n g a o n
D a m b h u rn i
G ira d g a o n
B o ra la
V a g h o d a
C h u n c h a la
S a k liS ir s a d
N a v ra
2 0 6
1 9 1
2 2 0
L E G E N DL E G E N D
D u g w e ll D e n s ity / s q .k m .
< 52 0 0
TAPI R IVER
B h a u n a k N a d i
S h ir a g a d
N h a v i
P a th ra le
D a g li
T h o rg a v h a n
M a n v e l1 9 1
1 8 9
< 5
5 - 1 0
1 0 - 2 0
2 0 - 3 0ER
> 3 0
1 3 4
G R O U N D W A T E R IR R IG A T IO N IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A
F IG U R E - 2 .3
R E S E R V E D F O R E S T
0 2 4
k ilo m e tre s
∗
B a g h jh ira
M a n u d e v i
Ic h k h e d a
N a g jh ira
N im b a d e v i
H a r ip u ra
unak
Nad
i
K in g a o n
M a lo d
N a yg a o n
K h
S a v k h e d a S im
D a h ig a o n
M o h a ra la
M h a ilk h e d i
Bhau
Hatnur Ca
D o n g a o n
D a m b h u rn i
G ira d g a o n
K in g a o n B kB o ra la
V a g h o d a
C h u n c h a la
S k li
N a v ra
K o rp a v il
L E G E N DL E G E N DI i t d
TAP
B h a u n a k N a d ianal
S h ira g a d
N h a v i
D a m b h u rn i
D a g li
M a n v e l
S a k liS irs a d
0 0 - 1 01 0 - 2 0
2 0 - 3 0
Ir r ig a te d a re a ( % o f c u lt iv a b le a re a )
PI RIVERP a th ra le T h o rg a v h a n 3 0 - 4 0
2 3
POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER STORAGE IN DRIED AQUIFERS….
S Particulars Area Granular Zones Average StorageS.N.
Particulars Area (Km2)
Granular Zones Above Water Table
Thickness(m)
Average Specific
Yield
Storage Potential
(mcm)
1 2 3 4 5 6 (3x4x5)
1 AlluviumUpto 15m
2.0 4.45 0.15 1.335
2 Alluvium 30.0 5.70 0.15 25.650Upto 25m
3 AlluviumUpto 35m
86.0 18.85 0.15 243.1657
4 Alluvium (river bank) 17 0 15 90 0 15 40 5454 Alluvium (river bank)Upto 35m
17.0 15.90 0.15 40.545
5 Bazada Upto 25m 50.0 17.45 0.10 87.250
Total 185.0 _ _ 397.945
POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER STORAGE IN DRIED AQUIFERS….
Th i t t ti l f d 397 945 106•There is a storage potential of around 397.945 x 106
cubic meter in the dried aquifers above the water table through artificial recharge. g g
•Considering the availability of around 13 MCM of surface run-off in the whole watershed at 50 %surface run-off in the whole watershed at 50 % dependable rainfall of 698.5 mm, it shall take more than 30 years to saturate the entire granular zone in the area.
•It is impossible to utilise 100% runoff of the study area for artificial recharge due to natural constraints.g
ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE MEASURESARTIFICIAL RECHARGE MEASURESPLAN OF NALA BUNDS HILLS AREA
•Planning of nala bunding is carried out by using the drainage databasePlanning of nala bunding is carried out by using the drainage databaseof all three major drainage systems of the hilly area.
•Average height of the bund is taken 1 metre on practical considerationth l l t t ti i d ibilit tas per the local set-up, construction convenience and accessibility to
the hilly and overall terrain condition.
S A S i f f SSN
Drainagesystem
Totallengthofstream(Km)
Averageslope(m / Km)
Spacing ofnalabundsalong thestream m)
Number ofnalabunds
Storagecapacity( m3 )Ave. Total
1 2 3 4 5 (3/5) 6 71 2 3 4 5 (3/5) 6 7
1 Bhaunak 4.70 150(1:6.6)
11.6 405 20 8100
2 Baghjhira 11.10 55(1:18.2)
23.2 798 50 39900
3 Manudevi 4.76 111.7(1:8.9)
13.9 342 30 10260
Total 20.56 1545 58260
SPACING BETWEEN TWO BUNDS
slope of 1: 6.6 indicates that a nalabund of 1 metre height shall havesubmergence / backwater upto a distance of 6.6 metre.g p
Therefore, distance between two bunds must be more than 6.6 metres.A gap of 5 metres is thought fit in addition to the slope distance i.e. 6.6 + 5 =
11.6 metre is the distance between two bunds in the Bhaunak drainagegsegment of the hills.
The general formula for working out the distance between two bunds isevolved as follows;
Distance between two bunds = Distance for a drop of 1m. (Slope) + 5m.
Thus, the distance between two bunds is worked out as 11.6, 23.2 and 13.9metres in case of Bhaunak, Baghjhira and Manudevi drainage segmentsrespectively in the hilly area.
NUMBERS OF BUNDS
Number of bunds across a drainage system is worked outusing the total length of the drainage as a base linedata input as per the drainage analysis done in thetable 3 3 The numbers of bunds are arrived at astable 3.3. The numbers of bunds are arrived at asfollows;
Numbers of bunds =Numbers of bunds =Total length of streams / Distance between two bunds
The numbers of bunds 405, 798 and 342 in Bhaunak,Baghjhira and Manudevi drainage systemsrespectively with a total of 1545 in the entire hillsarea.
STORAGE CAPACITY OF BUNDSSTORAGE CAPACITY OF BUNDS
Average storage capacity of a bund in the Bhaunak, Baghjhiraand Manudevi drainage segment are to be 20, 50 and 30m3 respectively.p y
The total storage capacity of 1445 bunds is therefore worked58260 3 1 25out as 58260 m3 against the runoff amount of 1.25 mcm
to be generated from the 50 mm rainfall in the hills of thestudy area.
The bunds are likely to conserve only around 5% of the runoff.
CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCHES (CCT)
CCT are constructed along the contours and covers widesurface area along and across the hills.
CCT may conserve bulk of the runoff at the nearest possiblesource point.
CCT also finds a favour from forest conservation point of viewand can be constructed easily as a part of the forest activity.
The cross section of CCT is 30 cm X 60 cm.1.192 mcm runoff is to be conserved by CCT as1.192 mcm runoff is to be conserved by CCT as
nala bunds may conserve only around 0.058mcm.
RECHARGE PITSThe size of recharge pit in one hectare of land is worked
out as follows;Annual rainfall in 1 Ha of land = 100 m X 100 m XAnnual rainfall in 1 Ha of land 100 m X 100 m X
0.6985 m = 6985 m3
Total runoff from annual rainfall (As per runoff equation)= 35 Km 2X 0.05404 m = 1.8914 mcm
Regularly occurring max. rainfall in a day = 50 mm /day
Maximum runoff estimated from 50 mm rainfall = 15 mm ( @ 30 % of 50 mm)
SIZE OF RECHARGE PITSIZE OF RECHARGE PIT
Runoff over 1 ha of land = 100 m X 100 m X 0.015 m = 150 m3
Size of the recharge pit in 1 Ha of land = (Length x Width x Depth) (Length x Width x Depth)= 7 m X 7 m X 3 m
Total 3500 recharge pits are required in 35Total 3500 recharge pits are required in 35 Km2 (3500 Ha) of gently sloping bazada tract to utilise 1.8914 mcm of runoff annually.
W A T E R R E S O U R C E S M A N A G E M E N T P L A N T H R O U G H A R T I F I C I A L R E C H A R G E S C H E M E S
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©CENTRAL GROUND WATER©CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY
On the directions of Hon’ble Supreme Court,Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) hasCentral Ground Water Authority (CGWA), hasbeen constituted as an “AUTHORITY” with theobjective to “Regulate indiscriminate boring &withdrawal of ground water in the country”withdrawal of ground water in the country .The Authority has been constituted under Section3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 (29of 1986) on 14th January 1997of 1986) on 14th January 1997.
MANDATE
To regulate and control theTo regulate and control theground water development andmanagement.management.
POWERS VESTED WITH CGWA
© Exercise powers under Section 5 of theEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986 for issuingdirections and taking such measures indirections and taking such measures inrespect of all the matters referred to in Sub-Section 2 of Section 33 of the said Act.
© Regulate indiscriminate boring & withdrawalof ground water.
POWERS VESTED WITH CGWA
© Issue necessary regulatory directions with aview to preserve & protect the ground water.
© Notify an area where overexploitation,pollution, salinity hazard etc. has beenpollution, salinity hazard etc. has beenconsidered.
© Resort to the Penal Provisions contained inSections 15 to 21 of the said Act.